View source for Junkers A 35

{{Short description|1920s monoplane fighter aircraft}}
{{Infobox aircraft
 |name=A 35
 |image=Yesil Bursa aircraft.jpg
 |caption=Junkers A 20 "Yesil Bursa"
 |type=Postal, training and military aircraft
 |manufacturer=[[Junkers (Aircraft)|Junkers]]
 |designer=Mader and Zindel
 |first_flight=
 |introduction=
 |retired=
 |status=
 |primary_user=[[Russian Air Force]]
 |more_users=
 |produced=
 |number_built=186
 |unit cost=
 |developed_from=
 |variants=
}}
'''Junkers A 35''' was a two-seater cantilever monoplane, used for postal, training and military purposes. The aircraft was designed in the 1920s by [[Junkers (Aircraft)|Junkers]] in [[Germany]] and manufactured at [[Dessau]] and by [[AB Flygindustri]] in [[Limhamn]], [[Sweden]] and conversions from A 20s were made in [[Fili (Moscow)|Fili]], [[Russia]].<ref name="Zoeller">{{cite web |last1=Zoeller |first1=Horst |title=Junkers International Activities |url=http://www.geocities.com/hjunkers/ju_intl.htm |website=geocities.com/hjunkers |access-date=16 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027063735/http://www.geocities.com/hjunkers/ju_intl.htm |archive-date=27 October 2009 |date=6 March 1998}}</ref>

==Design and development==
The A 35 was a development of a series of Junkers aircraft from 1918, starting with the J10/J11, the A 20, A 25, A 32, and finally the A 35. It was originally intended as a two-seat multi-purpose fighter aircraft and made its first flight in 1926. Due to the post-war restrictions, Hugo Junkers and the Soviet Government signed a contract about the setup of an aircraft facility at [[Fili (Moscow)|Fili]] in Russia in December 1922.<ref name="Zoeller"/>

In 1926, the first Junkers L5 engines were mounted on the Junkers A 20s. With some further tail modifications the new aircraft was designated as A 35. A total of 24 aircraft were originally built as A 35s. A number of A 20s and A 25s were also modified with the Junkers L5 engine. The A 35 was also available with a [[BMW IV]] engine.<ref name="Zoeller"/>

==Versions==
;Junkers A 20
: The version manufactured in Limhamn was called '''R02''' and the version manufactured in Fili was called ''' Ju 20'''
;Junkers A 20L
:Landplane version.
;Junkers A 20W
:Floatplane version.
;Junkers A 25
: The version manufactured in Limhamn was called '''R41''' and the version manufactured in Fili was called ''' Type A'''
;Junkers A 35
: The militarized version manufactured in Limhamn was called '''K53/R53''' and the version manufactured in Fili was called ''' Type 20'''.<ref name="Zoeller2">{{cite web |last1=Zoeller |first1=Horst |title=Junkers A20/A25/A35 |url=http://www.geocities.com/hjunkers/ju_a20_a1.htm |website=geocities.com/hjunkers |access-date=16 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831183841/http://geocities.com/hjunkers/ju_a20_a1.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 August 2009}}</ref>
The Junkers R53 was first built as in 1926 as a military version of the Junkers A35.  It was equipped with a Junkers L5 engine and a machine gun over the rear seat by AB Flygindustri in Limhamn and this version was designated as the Junkers/AFI R53.  It was sold to different countries from Sweden to avoid the restrictions of the [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Most of these R53 were converted Junkers A35 or A20 civil aircraft, which had been built at Dessau. Some were delivered to Turkey as modified A20s, a further 20 aircraft went to Russia and 21 militarized R53 were sold to China.

==Operators==
;{{flag|Afghanistan|1919}}
*[[Afghan Air Force]]
;{{flag|Bulgaria}}
*[[Bulgarian Air Force]]
;{{CHL}}
*[[Chilean Air Force]]
;{{China as ROC}}: 21 K53 aircraft<ref name="Zoeller2"/> were sold to Chinese warlords, 10 to [[Zhang Zongchang]] of [[Shandong]], 9 to [[Zhang Xueliang]] of [[Manchuria]], 1 to [[Yan Xishan]] of [[Shanxi]], 1 sold to [[Liu Xiang (warlord)|Liu Xiang]] of [[Sichuan]].<ref name="Thornburg">{{cite web |last1=Thornburg |first1=Chris |title=World Air Forces - Historical Listings : China Warlords |url=http://www.worldairforces.com/Countries/china/chinawarlords.html |website=World Air Forces - Historical Listings |access-date=16 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100221075706/http://www.worldairforces.com/Countries/china/chinawarlords.html |archive-date=21 February 2010 |date=3 December 2006}}</ref>
;{{FIN}}
*[[Finnish Air Force]] – One aircraft only. Tested for three weeks in 1928.
;{{flag|Germany|Weimar}}
*[[Reichswehr]]
;{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)}}
*[[Royal Hungarian Air Force]]
;{{flag|Iran|1925}}
*[[Imperial Iranian Air Force]]
;{{flagicon|Spain|1931}} [[Second Spanish Republic|Spanish Republic]]
;{{USSR}}:
*[[Soviet Air Force]] – 20 Ju-20 (militarized A 20) aircraft<ref name="Zoeller2"/>
;{{TUR}}
[[File:Turkish_Junkers_A20_Aircraft_(1925).jpg|thumb|270x270px|A20 aircraft, produced jointly by the [[Government of Turkey|Turkish Government]] and the [[Junkers]] in [[Turkey]], the first delivery of which was made in [[Kayseri]] in March 1925]]
*[[Turkish Air Force]] – 64 A20 aircraft,<ref name="Albrecht">{{cite book |last1=Albrecht |first1=Ulrich |last2=Nikutta |first2=Randolph Nikutta |title=Soviet armaments industry. |date=1994 |publisher=Harwood Academic |isbn=978-3-7186-5313-3}}</ref>  Together with the Turkish Government Junkers set up a factory at [[Kayseri]] under the name [[TOMTAŞ]]. At this factory the delivered A20 aircraft, modified to A35's, were militarized with machine guns and bomb slots.<ref name="Zoeller2"/>

==Specifications (A 35)==
[[File:Junkers_A_35_3-view_NACA-TM-586.png|thumb|Junkers A 35 3-view drawing from NACA-TM-586]]

{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Thulinista Hornetiin<ref name=Heinonen>{{cite book |last1=Heinonen |first1=Timo |title=Thulinista Hornetiin : 75 vuotta Suomen ilmavoimien lentokoneita |date=1992 |publisher=Keski-Suomen Ilmailumuseo |location=Helsinki |isbn=951-95688-2-4 |language=fi}}</ref>
|prime units?=met
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=2
|length m=8.21
|length note=
|span m=15.94
|span note=
|height m=3.5
|height note=
|wing area sqm=29.8
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=1075
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=1500
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=1600
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[Junkers L 5]]
|eng1 type=6-cylinder water-cooled inline piston engine
|eng1 note={{cvt|310|PS|hp kW}}

|prop blade number=2
|prop name=fixed-pitch propeller
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=208
|max speed note=
|cruise speed kmh=185
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed note=
|range km=
|range note=
|combat range km=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=6400
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass=
|thrust/weight=
|more performance=<!--<br />
*'''Take-off run:''' {{cvt||m|0}}
*'''Take-off run to {{cvt|15|m|0}}:''' {{cvt||m|0}}
*'''Landing run:''' {{cvt||m|0}}
*'''Landing run from {{cvt|15|m|0}}:''' {{cvt||m|0}}-->
<!--
        Armament
-->
|guns=<br>
:* 2x fixed, forward-firing, synchronised {{cvt|7.7|mm|3}} [[Vickers machine gun]]s in the nose
:* 2x flexible {{cvt|7.7|mm|3}} [[Lewis gun]]s on a [[Scarff ring]] in the rear cockpit. 
|bombs=<br>
:*Provision for four {{cvt|50|kg|0}} bombs under the wings.
}}

==See also==
{{aircontent|
|related=
|similar aircraft=
|lists=
* [[List of military aircraft of Germany]]
|see also=
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* Andersson, Lennart. "Chinese 'Junks': Junkers Aircraft Exports to China 1925-1940". ''Air Enthusiast'', No. 55, Autumn 1994, pp.&nbsp;2–7. {{ISSN|0143-5450}}
*{{cite magazine|last=Andersson|first=Lennart|title=Junker's Two-seaters, Part One|magazine=[[Air Enthusiast]]|date=1991|issue=44 |pages=70–77 |issn=0143-5450}} 
*{{cite journal |last1=Andersson|first1=Lennart|title=Histoire de l'aéronautique persane, 1921–1941: La première aviation du Chah d'Iran |journal=Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire |date=July 1998 |issue=76 |pages=2–12 |trans-title=History of the Persian Air Force, 1921–1941: The First Aircraft of the Shah of Iran |language=French |issn=1243-8650}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Junkers A 35}}
* [https://archive.today/20030429194421/http://www.junkers.de/flugzeuge/juxx/typ_k53.html Junkers K 53 article in German with photo]

{{Junkers aircraft}}
{{RLM aircraft designations}}

[[Category:1920s German military trainer aircraft]]
[[Category:Junkers aircraft|A 35]]