View source for Julius Malema

{{Short description|South African politician (born 1981)}}
{{Further reading cleanup|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use South African English|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Julius Malema
| honorific-suffix    = [[Member of parliament#South Africa|MP]]
| image               = 
Julius Malema, November 2024 (cropped).png
| caption             = Malema in 2024
| office              = President of the [[Economic Freedom Fighters]]
| deputy              = [[Godrich Gardee]]
| term_start          = 26 July 2013
| term_end            = 
| predecessor         = ''Party established''
| successor           = 
| office1             = 9th [[ANC Youth League|President of the African National Congress Youth League]]
| deputy1             = [[Andile Lungisa]]<br />[[Ronald Lamola]]
| term_start1         = April 2008
| term_end1           = April 2012
| predecessor1        = [[Fikile Mbalula]]
| successor1          = [[Collen Maine]]
| office2             = [[National Assembly of South Africa|Member of the National Assembly]]
| term_start2         = 21 May 2014
| term_end2           = 
| constituency2       = [[Limpopo]]
| office3             = President of the [[Congress of South African Students]]
| term_start3         = 1999
| term_end3           = 2002
| predecessor3        = 
| successor3          = 
| birthname           = Julius Sello Malema
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1981|03|03|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Seshego]], [[Transvaal Province]], [[South Africa]]
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| party               = [[African National Congress]] {{small|(1990–2012)}}<br />[[Economic Freedom Fighters]] {{small|(2013–present)}}
| otherparty          = 
| spouse              = {{marriage|Mantwa Matlala|2014}}
| mother              = Flora Mahlodi Malema
| children            = 3
| residence           = 
| education           = 
| nickname            = Juju
| alma_mater          = [[University of South Africa]]<br />[[University of the Witwatersrand]]
| occupation          = Politician
}}
'''Julius Sello Malema''' (born 3 March 1981) is a [[South Africa]]n politician. He is the founder and leader of the [[Economic Freedom Fighters]] (EFF), a [[Communism|communist]] political party<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-17 |title=EFF to launch communism workshops |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2013-09-17-eff-to-launch-workshops-teaching-communism/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> known for the red berets and military-style outfits worn by its members.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pauwels |first=Matthias |date=2019-05-09 |title=What the EFF's self-styled militarism says about South Africa's third largest party |url=http://theconversation.com/what-the-effs-self-styled-militarism-says-about-south-africas-third-largest-party-116463 |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=The Conversation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Emma Thelwell |title=5 reasons why the EFF's red berets matter |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/5-reasons-why-the-effs-red-berets-matter-20140620 |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Milton Nkosi|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-23273309|title=Julius Malema launches Economic Freedom Fighters group|publisher=Bbc.co.uk|date=11 July 2013|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Stone |first=Setumo| url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/politics/2013/07/11/malema-takes-command-of-economic-freedom-fighters|title=Malema takes command of Economic Freedom Fighters|publisher=BDlive|access-date=17 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220192603/http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/politics/2013/07/11/malema-takes-command-of-economic-freedom-fighters|archive-date=20 February 2016}}</ref>

Before the foundation of EFF, he served as a president of the [[African National Congress Youth League]] (ANCYL) from 2008 until his expulsion from the party in 2012.

As a child, Malema joined the ANC and was a highly engaged member growing up; he was ultimately elected president of its Youth League in April 2008 under controversial circumstances. While president, he was an early proponent of [[Nationalization|nationalising]] South Africa's [[Mining industry of South Africa|mining industry]] and [[Expropriation without compensation|expropriating land without compensation]]. He rose to national prominence as an outspoken supporter of [[Jacob Zuma]], then-ANC president and later [[President of South Africa]]. However, Malema's relationship with Zuma strained immensely following numerous disciplinary deliberations against him by the ANC; by 2012, he was campaigning for Zuma to be removed from office, ahead of the ANC's [[53rd National Conference of the African National Congress|53rd National Conference]]. In April of that year, months before the conference was due to take place, Malema was expelled from the ANC for bringing the party into disrepute. The following year, he founded the EFF, and was elected to the [[National Assembly of South Africa|National Assembly]] in [[2014 South African general election|2014]], winning 25 seats in the assembly.

Malema has been embroiled in a variety of legal issues throughout his political career: he has been convicted of [[hate speech]] twice, once in March 2010 for demeaning comments about [[Jacob Zuma rape trial|Zuma's rape accuser]], and again in September 2011 for singing "''[[Dubul' ibhunu]]''" ("Shoot the [[Boers|Boer]]"). In 2012, Malema was charged with fraud, money laundering and racketeering.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 September 2012 |title=Charge sheet links Malema, businessman |url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-courts/charge-sheet-links-malema-businessman-1.1389870 |access-date=28 March 2013 |publisher=IOL.co.za}}</ref> After numerous postponements,<ref>{{Citation |last1=Maylie |first1=Devon |title=Zuma Critic Faces South Africa Charges |date=30 November 2012 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324020804578149142331646514?mod=googlenews_wsj |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=21 June 2013 |title=Malema trial still going ahead |url=http://www.enca.com/south-africa/strike-malemas-case-roll-laywer |access-date=17 August 2013 |publisher=eNCA |archive-date=9 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509084840/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/strike-malemas-case-roll-laywer |url-status=dead }}</ref> the case was dismissed by the courts in 2015 due to repeated delays by the [[National Prosecuting Authority]], leading to perceptions that the charges were politically motivated.<ref>{{cite news |date=5 August 2015 |title=Corruption Case Against Julius Malema, a South African Opposition Leader, Is Dismissed |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/05/world/africa/corruption-case-against-julius-malema-south-african-opposition-leader-is-dismissed.html}}</ref> However, [[AfriForum]] announced in 2018 that it would mount a [[private prosecution]] of Malema on the corruption charges.<ref name="iolAfriForumExplains">{{cite news |title=Reaction to EFF slap and assassination claims makes Malema feel misunderstood |language=en |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/social-media/2080133/reaction-to-eff-slap-and-assassination-claims-makes-malema-feel-misunderstood/ |access-date=9 February 2019}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Born on 3 March 1981, Malema was born and raised in the [[Township (South Africa)|township]] of [[Seshego]] near [[Polokwane]] in the [[Transvaal Province|Transvaal]], in the region now known as [[Limpopo]].<ref name=":20">{{cite web |date=2 August 2011 |title=Julius Sello Malema: background |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/julius-sello-malema |access-date=28 March 2013 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> His family is [[Northern Sotho]],<ref name=":8"/> and his mother was a [[domestic worker]] and a single parent.<ref name="one-on-one-news24"/><ref name="Makatile2008-05-05"/> After his mother died, he was raised by his grandmother, who died in May 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2019 |title=EFF leader Julius Malema's grandmother passes away |url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-05-04-eff-leader-julius-malemas-grandmother-passes-away/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Sowetan |language=en-ZA}}</ref>

=== Student politics ===
According to Malema, he joined the ''Masupatsela'' ("trailblazers") movement of the [[African National Congress]] (ANC) at the age of nine<ref name="Makatile2008-05-05" /> or ten.<ref name="one-on-one-news24" /> His main task at the time was to remove [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]] posters.<ref name="Makatile2008-05-05" /> He has claimed to have received military training at the age of 13<ref name="rdc"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=CHILD soldier... TO POLITICIAN |url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2008-05-05-child-soldier-to-politician/ |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=SowetanLIVE |language=en-ZA}}</ref> but this claim has been disputed for lack of corroborating witnesses.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Steinberg |first=Jonny |date=2012-02-10 |title=Julius Malema: the man who scarred South Africa |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/feb/10/julius-malema-south-africa-anc |access-date=2023-11-21 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> In 1995,<ref name=":8" /> Malema joined the [[African National Congress Youth League|ANC Youth League]] and became the chairperson of his local branch in Seshego and of the regional branch in broader [[Capricorn District Municipality|Capricorn]].<ref name=":20" /><ref name="Mhlana2008-06-28" /> In 1997, he became the provincial chairperson of the [[Congress of South African Students]] (COSAS) in Limpopo. He was elected as national president of COSAS in 2001.<ref name="Mhlana2008-06-28" />

=== Education ===
Malema matriculated from Mohlakaneng High School in Seshego.<ref name="Maseko2008-10-24"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2008 |title=Malema's grim report card is 'real' |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/malemas-grim-report-card-is-real-421630 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref> In 2010, he completed a two-year diploma in youth development through the [[University of South Africa]] (UNISA). Also at UNISA, he subsequently completed a [[Bachelor of Arts]] in [[Communication studies|communications]] and African languages in March 2016<ref name="Forde2011-08-23"/><ref name="sl_grad">{{cite news|url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2016/03/29/malema-gets-his-ba-degree|title=Malema gets his BA degree|newspaper=The Sowetan|access-date=31 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825002640/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2016/03/29/malema-gets-his-ba-degree|archive-date=25 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> an [[Honours degree]] in [[philosophy]] in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2017 |title=Getting my degree was a challenge – Julius Malema |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/getting-my-degree-was-a-challenge-julius-malema-20170906 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2018, he enrolled in a [[master's degree]] programme at the [[University of the Witwatersrand]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-22 |title=Malema will write his master's thesis on why Die Stem must go |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/malema-will-write-his-masters-thesis-on-why-die-stem-must-go/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Citizen |language=en}}</ref>

== ANC Youth League ==

===Election as president: April 2008===
By 2008, Malema was the provincial [[secretary]] of the Limpopo branch of the [[ANC Youth League]] and a leading contender for election as president of the national league. His candidacy had the support of outgoing league president [[Fikile Mbalula]], while outgoing league secretary-general [[Sihle Zikalala]] supported the more [[Political moderate|moderate]] candidate, Saki Mofokeng.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Twala |first=Chitja |date=2010-06-01 |title=The 23rd African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) conference in Bloemfontein: a Polokwane political hangover? |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/EJC28508 |journal=Journal for Contemporary History |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=157–169 |doi=<!-- nope --> |hdl=10520/EJC28508 }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2008-04-07 |title=Malema elected as new ANCYL leader |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2008-04-07-malema-elected-as-new-ancyl-leader/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Following an extremely heated campaign and a disorderly plenary,<ref name=":2" /> Malema was elected ANC Youth League president at the league's 23rd National Conference in [[Bloemfontein]] in April 2008. He received 1,833 votes against Mofokeng's 1,696 votes and was elected alongside a [[Slate (elections)|slate]] of allies, including [[Andile Lungisa]] as deputy president.<ref name=":2" />

The outcome of the vote was immediately disputed, including by conference delegates who claimed that incidents of [[Voter intimidation|intimidation]] had prevented them from voting.<ref name=":1" /> The conference devolved into disorder, with some delegates throwing chairs, and adjourned without concluding its business.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=van Onselen |first=Gareth |date=23 September 2013 |title=Will Malema's EFF dream end in tears? |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/columnists/2013-09-23-will-malemas-eff-dream-end-in-tears/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Business Day |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Malema later criticised the "unbecoming conduct" shown by delegates at the conference.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 April 2008 |title=Malema slates ANCYL 'thugs' |work=News24 |url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Malema-slates-ANCYL-thugs-20080421 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130129172044/http://www.news24.com/Content/SouthAfrica/Politics/1057/fa02e1f246644bbb8db5ccaa1098dd76/21-04-2008-07-33/Malema_slates_ANCYL_thugs#selection-1277.0-1277.201 |archive-date=29 January 2013}}</ref> Following an intervention by the mainstream ANC, the league held a special closed congress in Johannesburg in June.<ref name=":3" /> On the recommendation of ANC secretary general [[Gwede Mantashe]], Mofokeng agreed to affirm the results of the election held in April.<ref name=":1" />

=== Support for Zuma: 2008–2010 ===
By the time of his election as Youth League president, Malema, like most of the league's membership, was a strong supporter of ANC president [[Jacob Zuma]]<ref name=":2" /> and an outspoken critic of former ANC president [[Thabo Mbeki]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2008 |title=Burying the 'dead snake' |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/burying-the-dead-snake-417044 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref> In June 2008, he defended Zuma – then facing [[Jacob Zuma corruption charges|prosecution on corruption charges]] – at a rally in [[Thaba 'Nchu|Thaba 'Nchu, Free State]], famously (and to broad condemnation) announcing, "We are prepared to die for Zuma... We are prepared to take up arms and kill for Zuma".<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2008 |title='We will kill for Zuma' |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/we-will-kill-for-zuma-20080616 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-06-17 |title='Kill for Zuma': I can explain, says Malema |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2008-06-17-kill-for-zuma-i-can-explain-says-malema/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> In September, he vowed to "eliminate any force" that sought to block Zuma from the [[President of South Africa|national presidency]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-09-10 |title=Malema in a froth over Zuma |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2008-09-10-malema-in-a-froth-over-zuma/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>

Ahead of the [[2009 South African general election|2009 general election]], Malema was nominated to stand for election as a [[Parliament (South Africa)|Member of Parliament]] but declined on the grounds that Parliament was "for old people".<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2009 |title='Poor' Malema not ready yet |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/poor-malema-not-ready-yet-432831 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref> Nonetheless, he campaigned energetically for the ANC and for Zuma, the party's presidential candidate, in the election.<ref name=":8">{{Cite news |date=2009-12-18 |title=Julius Malema: The calculated controversy |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8420728.stm |access-date=2022-12-20}}</ref> In April 2009, for example, he and the rest of a league delegation were asked to leave [[Port Elizabeth]]'s [[Dora Nginza Hospital]], where they had been canvassing support in the wards.<ref name="duPlessis2009-04-17" /> After the election, Malema launched a programme of school visits in an apparent attempt to reach the country's youth. [[Kgalema Motlanthe]], then the ANC deputy president and [[Deputy President of South Africa]], criticised the visits as disruptive to the students' education.<ref name="school-campaigning-mg" />

Although Malema remained an ally of Zuma in the months after [[2009 South African presidential election|his election]] as President of South Africa in May 2009,<ref name=":8" /> they fell out publicly by mid-2010. Malema later explained that he had turned on Zuma when he realised Zuma was incapable of fulfilling the [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] policy agenda that had secured his election as ANC president [[52nd National Conference of the African National Congress|in 2007]]; according to Malema, Zuma took a harsher stance towards the league only after it rejected him.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2015 |title=Absence of the best led to Zuma election: Malema |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/absence-of-the-best-led-to-zuma-election-malema-20150611 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> According to an alternative interpretation, however, Zuma adjusted his stance towards Malema and the league in 2010 – notably by instituting disciplinary proceedings against Malema {{See below|content=[[#Disciplinary charges: 2010|below]]}} – because he realised that Malema's outspoken militancy constituted a political liability for him or a political threat to him.<ref name=":9" />

===Disciplinary charges: 2010===
[[File:Julius Malema t-shirts.jpg|thumb|Young activists in [[Johannesburg]] wearing t-shirts emblazoned with Malema's face, December 2010]]

==== Mounting controversy ====
By early 2010, Zuma faced significant pressure, both from the public and from inside the ANC, to curtail Malema's increasingly inflammatory conduct,<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=11 April 2010 |title=Zuma berates 'alien' Malema |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/2010-04-10-zuma-berates-alien-malema/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> and the ''[[Mail & Guardian]]'' reported that Zuma was concerned about being perceived as "a [[Lame duck (politics)|lame duck]]" with respect to the Youth League.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2010-04-30 |title=Malema to face a hostile jury |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2010-04-30-malema-to-face-a-hostile-jury/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> In mid-March 2010, ANC Secretary-General Gwede Mantashe told the media that henceforth ANC members would be punished if they engaged in public feuds with or attacks on one another. At the same time, the ANC [[National Executive Committee of the African National Congress|National Executive Committee]] (NEC) released a statement which objected to "the lack of respect which some of the leaders and structures of our movement have for the NEC's decisions", describing it as incompatible with "the ANC's historical mission, its discipline and its protocols".<ref name="no-disciplinary-yet-news24" /> [[News24 (website)|News24]] said that both statements were clearly directed at Malema, who had "bad-mouthed almost everyone in the leadership of [[Tripartite Alliance|the governing alliance]]" and most recently had attacked [[Minister of Finance (South Africa)|Finance Minister]] [[Pravin Gordhan]] in the media.<ref name="no-disciplinary-yet-news24" />

Nonetheless, following this announcement, Malema was involved in a further series of especially well publicised controversies later in March and in early April. The first concerned Malema's singing the controversial struggle song "''[[Dubul' ibhunu]]''" in defiance of a [[High Court of South Africa|high court]] ruling, as well as related remarks by Malema about the death of [[Eugène Terre'Blanche]] ''{{See below|content=[[#"Shoot the Boer" song: 2010–2022|below]]}}''.

Second, from 2 to 5 April 2010, Malema led an ANC Youth League delegation on a controversial working visit to Zimbabwe. The league said that it aimed to use the trip to strengthen its relationship with the [[ZANU–PF|ZANU-PF]] Youth League, as well as to conduct a fact-finding mission on [[Indigenization|indigenisation]].<ref name="zimbabwe-voa" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2010 |title=We must follow Zimbabwe model – ANCYL |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/we-must-follow-zimbabwe-model--ancyl |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Politicsweb |language=en}}</ref> Malema met with Zimbabwean President [[Robert Mugabe]] and other ZANU-PF politicians, and in public statements he was complimentary of ZANU-PF, comparing it favourably to [[Morgan Tsvangirai]]'s [[Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai|Movement for Democratic Change]] (MDC).<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2010 |title=ANC Youth Leader: South Africa Will Seize White-Owned Farms |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/anc-youth-leader-south-africa-will-seize-white-owned-farms-89869617/115255.html |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=VOA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2010 |title=I'm ready to die, says emotional Malema |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/im-ready-to-die-says-emotional-malema-479591 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref> His statements sparked fears in some quarters that the ANC would attempt to imitate ZANU-PF's [[Land reform in Zimbabwe]] programme;<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-04-08 |title=Julius Malema – a Nelson Mandela past, a Robert Mugabe future? |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/apr/08/julius-malema-mandela-robert-mugabe |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref name="FirebrandZimVisitVOA" /> there were also concerns that Malema's partisan comments would undermine ongoing efforts by Zuma's government to broker a political settlement between ZANU-PF and the MDC.<ref name=":4" /> ''[[City Press (South Africa)|City Press]]'' reported that ANC officials had asked the Youth League to postpone its trip, though Malema told the media that Zuma had personally endorsed it.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 April 2010 |title=Malema's visit to Zim splits Luthuli House |work=City Press |url=http://www.citypress.co.za/Politics/News/Malemas-visit-to-Zim-splits-Luthuli-House-20100404 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029162736/http://www.citypress.co.za/Politics/News/Malemas-visit-to-Zim-splits-Luthuli-House-20100404 |archive-date=29 October 2012}}</ref>

In addition, on 8 April, Malema received international media attention for his conduct during an altercation with [[Jonah Fisher]], a [[BBC]] journalist. At a media briefing about his visit to Zimbabwe, Malema mocked the MDC for having offices in affluent [[Sandton]] and became enraged when Fisher interjected to point out that Malema himself lived in Sandton. During the ensuing exchange, Malema called Fisher a "bastard", a "bloody agent", and a "small boy".<ref name="guardianBBCOutburst" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-04-08 |title=Malema's tirade from 'revolutionary house' |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2010-04-08-malemas-tirade-from-revolutionary-house/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> The following day, Malema said that he was "not remorseful", describing Fisher as "disrespectful" and the United Kingdom as a country "whose media always undermine the credibility and integrity of African leaders".<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2010 |title=My door is open, says defiant Malema |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/my-door-is-open-says-defiant-malema-479991 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref> The ANC condemned his conduct in a statement.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2010 |title=ANC distances itself from Malema's comments |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/anc-distances-itself-from-malemas-comments-480060 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref>

==== Rebuke and charges ====
On 10 April 2010, Zuma held a [[press conference]] in [[Durban]] to address these and other recent controversies involving Malema.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bearak |first=Barry |date=2010-04-10 |title=S. Africa President Rebukes a Disciple |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/11/world/africa/11safrica.html |access-date=2022-12-20 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The press conference was later remembered as a turning point in the relationship between Zuma and Malema,<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=Ian |date=2015 |title=Zuma, Malema and the provinces: factional conflict within the African National Congress |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/content/crossref/journals/transformation/v087/87.cooper.html |journal=Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa |language=en |volume=87 |issue=1 |pages=151–174 |doi=10.1353/trn.2015.0009 |s2cid=141674963 |issn=1726-1368|url-access=subscription }}</ref> constituting the strongest rebuke yet offered by the former of the latter.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=18 April 2010 |title=Malema to face major disciplinary charge |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/malema-to-face-major-disciplinary-charge-480948 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref> In connection with "''Dubul' ibhunu''", Zuma said that defying the high court's ruling would contravene a direct instruction from the ANC and therefore would amount to "undermining the leadership of the ANC", would additionally "make a mockery of [[Judiciary of South Africa|our judicial system]]", and "should not be tolerated".<ref name=":4" /> He distanced himself from Malema's remarks about Zimbabwe, reiterating the ANC's commitment to impartiality in the Zimbabwean peace process, and said that Malema's treatment of Jonah Fisher was "regrettable and unacceptable, regardless of any provocation on [Fisher's] part".<ref name=":4" /> More broadly, Zuma described Malema's recent conduct as "alien to the ANC", reminded the Youth League that it was subject to the ANC's rules and policies, and implied that Malema would be subject to internal disciplinary procedures.<ref name=":4" />

In the aftermath of Zuma's press conference, Malema remained defiant and was quoted telling the media that "even President Thabo Mbeki", Zuma's former political rival, had not responded so strongly in public "when he differed with the Youth League".<ref>{{Cite news |date=2010-04-12 |title=South Africa's ANC youth leader defiant over rebuke |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-safrica-politics-idUKTRE63B1F320100412 |access-date=2022-12-20}}</ref> The following week, the ANC announced that Malema would face formal internal disciplinary proceedings, with charges stemming from his public remarks about Zuma as well as from the incidents of ill discipline already noted by Zuma.<ref name=":6" /> The charges were pursued in the ANC's National Disciplinary Committee, then chaired by [[Derek Hanekom]] and staffed by various ANC leaders viewed as unsympathetic towards Malema; Malema was represented in the proceedings by ANC Treasurer-General [[Mathews Phosa]].<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Brkic |first=Branko |date=2010-05-03 |title=Julius Malema's disciplinary hearing, ANC's fork in the road |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2010-05-03-analysis-julius-malemas-disciplinary-hearing-ancs-fork-in-the-road/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref>

==== Plea deal ====
In May 2010, Malema reached a [[plea bargain]] with the disciplinary committee. As part of the deal, he was required to pay a [[South African rand|R]]10,000 fine to a youth development project, to attend [[anger management]] classes, and to attend the ANC's political school for 20 days. He was also required to issue an unconditional public apology to Zuma, the ANC, and the public for having publicly undermined Zuma in the aftermath of Zuma's rebuke.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2010-05-12 |title=Malema apologises to the nation |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2010-05-12-malema-apologises-to-the-nation/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Most of the charges against him were withdrawn, but he was formally found guilty, in relation to his public attack on Zuma, for having provoked division within the ANC in contravention of the party's [[constitution]]. Under the terms of the plea bargain, the National Disciplinary Committee ruled that Malema's ANC membership would be summarily suspended if he was found guilty of repeating this offence within the next two years.<ref name=":7" />

=== Political views ===

==== Caster Semenya saga ====
In the spring of 2009, Malema emerged as a vociferous public defender of South African runner [[Caster Semenya]] during the international controversy about Semenya's gender that unfolded after the [[2009 World Championships in Athletics|2009 World Athletics Championships]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2009 |title=Malema calls on all to support Caster |url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2009-10-05-malema-calls-on-all-to-support-caster/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Sowetan |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2009 |title=Malema enters Semenya controversy |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/malema-enters-semenya-controversy-455993 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref> He also defended [[Athletics South Africa]] (ASA) president Leonard Chuene, who had allowed Semenya to compete at the championships even after being informed that [[Caster Semenya#Gender test|a gender test]] had identified her as an [[intersex]] person. Malema argued that Chuene's actions required no apology and that he "was right to lie [about the gender test] to protect her".<ref name=":10" /> He criticised Deputy [[Minister of Sports, Arts and Culture|Sports Minister]] [[Gert Oosthuizen]] for calling for Chuene's dismissal, and he harshly criticised the [[International Association of Athletics Federations]] for attempting to "impose" on South Africans the concept of intersex, which he argued did not exist in [[Pedi people|Pedi]] culture.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=1 October 2009 |title=Malema threatens Nedbank |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/malema-threatens-nedbank-20091001 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2009-10-02 |title=FF Plus calls on ANC to clamp down on Malema |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2009-10-02-ff-plus-calls-on-anc-to-clamp-down-malema/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>

In October 2009, Malema threatened to "mobilise society" against [[Nedbank]] if it did not retract its decision to withdraw its sponsorship of ASA, suggesting (against Nedbank's protestation) that the decision was linked to ASA's support for Semenya.<ref name=":11" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-10-03 |title=ANC Youth League renews Nedbank threat |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2009-10-03-anc-youth-league-renews-nedbank-threat/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> In response to the saga, [[Anton Alberts (politician)|Anton Alberts]] of the opposition [[Freedom Front Plus]] called on the ANC to recognise Malema as "a dilemma which can no longer be ignored".<ref name=":12" />

==== Nationalisation and land expropriation ====
Malema is a vocal advocate of [[nationalisation|nationalising]] [[Mining in South Africa|South African mines]].<ref name="malemaNationalisationWillBecomeMg" /> He first called for nationalisation in July 2009 at a Youth League rally in [[Krugersdorp]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-30 |title=Malema: Presidency of controversy |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-30-malema-presidency-of-controversy/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> and he argued that the [[Freedom Charter]] entailed a pro-nationalisation platform.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2009 |title=Nationalise mines, says Malema |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/nationalise-mines-says-malema-448257 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2010 |title=Mandela supported nationalisation – Malema |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/mandela-supported-nationalisation-malema-473229 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref> His opinions on nationalisation are shared by South Africa's large [[National Union of Mineworkers (South Africa)|National Union of Mineworkers]] (NUM). At a public meeting at the University of Western Cape, Malema asked: "Why should we pay for our land?"<ref>[http://mg.co.za/article/2011-06-15-malema-why-must-we-pay-for-our-land "Malema: Why must we pay for our land?"], Mg.co.za, 15 June 2011; retrieved 22 November 2011.</ref>

He then advocated the seizure of land without compensation and the removal of the "willing buyer, willing seller" principle. At a 16 June Youth Day celebration, Malema accused white South Africans of "stealing land" and again advocated for the redistribution of land without compensation.<ref>[http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2011/06/16/apartheid-taught-whites-to-be-racist-malema "'Apartheid taught whites to be racist': Malema"], timeslive.co.za, 16 June 2011; retrieved 22 November 2011.</ref> In April 2010 Malema led a youth delegation to [[Venezuela]] to study that country's nationalisation programme.<ref name="timesMalemaVenezuela" />

In early 2010, Malema urged ANC Youth League members to join the [[South African National Defence Force]], and said that there were plans for the Youth League leadership to join the reservist programme.<ref name="take-us-seriously-iol" /> The military training was confirmed in May 2010, with the [[South African Navy|naval]]<ref name="citizenMalemaBootCamp" /> training due to commence in September 2010.<ref name="IOLancylMilitaryTrainingAnnounced" />

=== Re-election: June 2011 ===
As the end of Malema's first term in the presidency approached, observers expected him to face a strong challenge to his re-election bid, probably from his deputy Andile Lungisa.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=2010-05-21 |title=Bitter battle as Lungisa takes on Malema |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2010-05-21-bitter-battle-as-lungisa-takes-on-malema/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rice |first=Andy |date=2010-08-27 |title=The Julius Malema Express runs over Andile Lungisa |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2010-08-27-the-julius-malema-express-runs-over-andile-lungisa/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-07-23 |title=Another youth league head to roll? |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2010-07-23-another-youth-league-head-to-roll/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> In the run-up to the next national league conference, a series of highly contested provincial conferences were held.<ref name=":22" /><ref name="MSNReelectionboostamathole" /><ref name="dispatchdescretBallotScrapped2010408" /> In Malema's home province of Limpopo, the conference degenerated into violence, and Malema reportedly had police eject his rivals and journalists from the venue.<ref name="iolMalemaLosesItAgain" /><ref name="malemaSuedManhandlingIOL" />

Nonetheless, at the Youth League's national elective conference in [[Midrand]] on 17 June 2011, Malema was elected to a second term as league president. He stood unopposed after his presumptive opponent, [[Lebogang Maile]], declined a nomination to stand against him.<ref name=":23">{{cite news |date=17 June 2011 |title=Malema re-elected as ANCYL leader |newspaper=News24 |url=https://www.news24.com/News24/malema-re-elected-as-ancyl-leader-20110617 |access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> [[Ronald Lamola]] succeeded Lungisa as deputy league president.<ref name=":23" />

===Expulsion: 2011–2012===

==== Botswana tirade ====
On 31 July 2011, at a briefing following a [[Boksburg]] meeting of the ANC Youth League's National Executive Committee, Malema made a series of controversial comments about the political situation in neighbouring Botswana. He described the ruling [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP) as "a foot stool of [[imperialism]], a security threat to Africa and always under constant puppetry of the United States", and he announced the Youth League's plan to establish a "Botswana command team" which would assist Botswana's opposition parties in uniting to oppose the BDP's "puppet regime".<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=1 August 2011 |title=Malema to teach Botswana how |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/malema-to-teach-botswana-how-20110731 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite web |date=1 August 2011 |title=League irked by 'imperialists' |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/league-irked-by-imperialists-1109122 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":15">{{Cite web |date=1 August 2011 |title=Now Malema targets Botswana president |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2011-08-01-now-malema-targets-botswana-president/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> In addition, in what was viewed as a "veiled swipe" against Zuma and [[First Cabinet of Jacob Zuma|his cabinet]],<ref name=":15" /> he said that there had been "a vacuum on the ideological and political leadership of Africa" since Thabo Mbeki's departure from the South African government; he believed this explained the flaws in the South African response to the [[Libyan Crisis (2011–present)|Libyan]] and [[Second Ivorian Civil War|Ivorian]] crises.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":14" />

==== Disciplinary proceedings ====
[[File:Julius Malema 2011-09-14 (cropped2).jpg|thumb|Malema in September 2011]]
Malema and the Youth League withdrew the statement about Botswana a fortnight later, but the [[Independent Online (South Africa)|Independent Online]] reported that his comments had "finally snapped the patience of the party's elders".<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |date=23 August 2011 |title=ANC charges Malema |url=https://www.iol.co.za/saturday-star/news/anc-charges-malema-1123439 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref> On 22 August 2011, the ANC announced that Malema had been charged with bringing the ANC into disrepute and would face internal disciplinary proceedings.<ref name=":16" /> He was charged alongside league spokesman [[Floyd Shivambu]], and all of the rest of the league's top leadership – deputy president [[Ronald Lamola]], secretary-general [[Sindiso Magaqa]], deputy secretary-general [[Kenetswe Mosenogi]], and treasurer-general [[Pule Mabe]] – were later added to the charge sheet.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |date=2011-08-30 |title=Malema's supporters run riot |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-30-malemas-supporters-run-riot/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>

When the hearing began on 30 August 2011 at the ANC's headquarters at [[Luthuli House]] in central Johannesburg, a rally of Malema's supporters devolved into violence as some of those present broke through the [[South African Police Service|police]] barricades and threw glass bottles and stones at police officers and journalists. The police dispersed the gathering with a [[water cannon]], [[Mace (spray)|mace]], and a [[warning shot]].<ref name=":17" /> The violence was condemned by senior ANC leaders and Malema addressed the crowd to appeal for restraint.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-30 |title=Stop burning flags and hurting people, Malema tells crowd |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-30-anc-partners-slam-youth-league-as-clashes-escalate/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>

==== Finding and appeals ====
On 10 November, the ANC National Disciplinary Committee, still chaired by Derek Hanekom, announced that it had found Malema guilty of contravening the party constitution for his remarks about Botswana, including those "which sought to portray the ANC government and its leadership under President Zuma in a negative light in relation to the African agenda and which had the potential to sow division and disunity in the ANC".<ref name=":18">{{Cite web |date=29 February 2012 |title=Julius Malema expelled from the ANC – NDC |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/julius-malema-expelled-from-the-anc--ndc |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Politicsweb |language=en}}</ref> Hanekom said that Malema's remarks had been "reckless and baseless" and had "damaged the standing of the ANC and South Africa's international reputation",<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-11-10 |title=Julius Malema suspended from ANC for five years |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/10/julius-malema-suspended-anc |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> though he was found not guilty on separate charges of [[racism]] and inciting hatred.<ref name=":19">{{Cite web |date=2011-11-10 |title=Guilty: Julius Malema suspended from ANC |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-11-10-guilty-julius-malema-suspended-from-anc/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Shivambu was likewise found guilty of an offence for issuing the league's statement on Botswana, as well as for swearing at a journalist.<ref name=":19" />

As a result of its finding, the National Disciplinary Committee suspended Malema from the ANC for five years and required him to vacate his position as president of the ANC Youth League.<ref name=":19" /> Malema publicly expressed his intention to [[appeal]] the ruling and disparaged the disciplinary process as politically motivated and an attempt to "settle scores".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-11-16 |title=No holds barred as Julius Malema rips into ANC's NDC |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-11-16-no-holds-barred-as-malema-rips-into-ancs-disciplinarians/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> On 4 February 2012, his appeal was dismissed, but the committee said that it would allow him to present arguments in respect of [[Mitigating factor|mitigation of sanction]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-02-04 |title=Malema's appeal denied by disciplinary committee |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2012-02-04-malema-appeal-shot-down-by-appeals-committee/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Following further oral arguments, on 29 February, the committee released its decision, which not only dismissed Malema's arguments on mitigation but expelled him from the party entirely.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-02-29 |title=Julius Malema: ANC expels fiery youth leader |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17215155 |access-date=2022-12-20}}</ref> The committee said that, in addition to being a repeat offender, Malema had shown no remorse and had refused to accept the ANC's decisions, suggesting that "the likelihood of him respecting the ANC Constitution is remote".<ref name=":18" /> On 24 April 2012, Malema exhausted the appeals process when the chairperson of the internal appeals committee, [[Cyril Ramaphosa]], confirmed that his expulsion had been upheld.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-04-24 |title=Out! ANC upholds Julius Malema's expulsion |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2012-04-24-malema-expelled/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref>

== Economic Freedom Fighters ==
Following his expulsion from the ANC, Malema was a prominent figure in criticising the government's actions during the August 2012 [[Marikana massacre]].<ref name="BBC188a">{{cite news |date=18 August 2012 |title=South Africa Lonmin killings: Anger over missing miners |work=BBC News |publisher= |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19305698 |url-status=live |access-date=18 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818185542/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19305698 |archive-date=18 August 2012}}</ref> Visiting the scene of the shootings, he called for Zuma's resignation and the establishment of a commission of inquiry;<ref>{{cite news |author=Peta Thornycroft |date=18 August 2012 |title=Julius Malema calls for Jacob Zuma to resign over "massacre" of 34 striking miners |work=The Telegraph |location=London |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/southafrica/9484778/Julius-Malema-calls-for-Jacob-Zuma-to-resign-over-massacre-of-34-striking-miners.html |url-status=live |access-date=18 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818223352/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/southafrica/9484778/Julius-Malema-calls-for-Jacob-Zuma-to-resign-over-massacre-of-34-striking-miners.html |archive-date=18 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2012 |title=Anger mounts over South African miners' fate |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2012/8/18/anger-mounts-over-south-african-miners-fate |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> [[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] wondered whether the controversy over Marikana would help resurrect his political career.<ref>{{cite web |author=Essa |first=Azad |date=2012-09-10 |title=Will Marikana resurrect Julius Malema? |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2012/09/201291095215956903.html |access-date=12 September 2012 |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref>

He also made controversial remarks during a visit to Zimbabwe in October 2012, saying that white people in Africa had appropriated mineral resources belonging to [[Indigenous peoples|indigenous]] people and that compensating those affected by land expropriation would be tantamount to "thanking them with money for killing our people".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-10-16 |title=Blood for land, says Malema |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2012-10-16-blood-for-land-says-malema/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref name=":24">{{Cite web |date=2012-10-19 |title=Malema in Zim: Fighting for the right to party |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2012-10-19-00-malema-in-zim-fighting-for-the-right-to-party/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> He said, "Seeing blood is not what we are scared of. As long as that blood delivers what belongs to us, we are prepared to go to that extent".<ref name=":24" />

===Foundation of Economic Freedom Fighters===
{{main|Economic Freedom Fighters}}
In June 2013, Malema began to canvas for his political party called the [[Economic Freedom Fighters]] (EFF).<ref name="Ndenze">{{cite news|last=Ndenze|first=Babalo|title=Malema party worries Eastern Cape ANC|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/malema-party-worries-eastern-cape-anc-1.1538637#.Ud2TSn_4XlU|access-date=10 July 2013|newspaper=IOL}}</ref> The South African president Jacob Zuma, at a meeting with the SA National Editors' Forum, stated that the ruling party does not see this development as a threat.<ref name="Ndenze"/> While still on trial for money laundering and racketeering charges<ref>{{cite news|title=Malema refuses to take the oath|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-courts/malema-refuses-to-take-the-oath-1.1535043#.Ud2Won_4XlU|access-date=10 July 2013|newspaper=IOL}}</ref> Malema started appealing for funds for the new political party.<ref>{{cite news|title=Malema appeals for cash for new party|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/malema-appeals-for-cash-for-new-party-1.1530981#.Ud2XU3_4XlV|access-date=10 July 2013|newspaper=IOL}}</ref>

Malema's visit to Nigerian religious leader [[T.B. Joshua]] for 'spiritual blessings' in August 2013 with some EFF members also elicited controversy and media attention.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Malema In Nigeria To Visit Prophet |url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Malema-in-Nigeria-to-visit-prophet-20130814|work=News 24 (South Africa)|date=14 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=TB Joshua must continue to inspire hope – Julius Malema |url=http://www.news24.com/Archives/City-Press/TB-Joshua-must-continue-to-inspire-hope-Julius-Malema-20150429|work=News 24 (South Africa) |date=17 September 2014}}</ref>

At the party's inaugural national elective conference in Bloemfontein in December 2014, Malema was elected, unopposed, as president of the EFF. Floyd Shivambu, who was ejected from the ANC Youth League at the same time as Malema, was elected his deputy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Whittles |first=Govan |date=15 December 2014 |title=Malema unchallenged in election as EFF president |url=https://ewn.co.za/2014/12/15/Malema-elected-unopposed-retains-post-as-EFF-leader |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=EWN |language=en}}</ref> Both Malema and Shivambu were re-elected unopposed in December 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2019 |title='I work very hard', says Malema on being re-elected unopposed |url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2019-12-15-i-work-very-hard-says-malema-on-being-re-elected-unopposed/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Sowetan |language=en-ZA}}</ref>
[[Floyd Shivambu]] joined [[Jacob Zuma]]'s [[uMkhonto weSizwe (political party)|MK Party]] on 15 August 2024.

=== Member of Parliament: 2014–2022 ===
In the [[2014 South African general election|2014 general election]], less than a year after the party's launch, the EFF won 25 seats in the [[National Assembly of South Africa|National Assembly]], the lower house of the South African Parliament. Malema initially threatened to challenge the election results in court, but ultimately accepted the outcome<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-10 |title=U-turn as Malema accepts election results |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-05-10-u-turn-as-malema-accepts-election-results/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> – although in 2016 he continued to claim that the ANC had rigged the election in [[Gauteng]].<ref name="N24treason">{{cite news |date=21 April 2016 |title=We will remove this govt through the barrel of a gun – Malema |work=News24 |url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/we-will-run-out-of-patience-very-soon-malema-20160421 |access-date=28 April 2016}}</ref> He was sworn in as a Member of the National Assembly on 21 May 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news24.com/elections/news/malema-stands-to-attention-as-hes-sworn-in-20140521|title=Malema stands to attention as he's sworn in|date=21 May 2014|website=News24|publisher=SAPA|access-date=19 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704164850/http://www.news24.com/Elections/News/Malema-stands-to-attention-as-hes-sworn-in-20140521|archive-date=4 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was re-elected to the seat in the [[2019 South African general election|2019 general election]] and has sat on various [[List of Committees of the Parliament of South Africa|portfolio committees]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Julius Sello Malema |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/julius-sello-malema/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref>

Malema has been ejected from Parliament several times. In June 2014, he was ejected from the [[State of the Nation Address (South Africa)|State of the Nation]] debate after he refused to withdraw a statement to the effect that the ANC government had murdered mineworkers during the [[Marikana massacre]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Presence |first=Chantall |date=19 June 2014 |title=Malema kicked out of parliament |url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/special-features/malema-kicked-out-of-parliament-1.1706040 |access-date=19 June 2014 |website=IOL |publisher=}}</ref> He and several other EFF members were ejected from Zuma's 2015 State of the Nation address after they loudly insisted that they be permitted to question Zuma about the [[Nkandlagate|Nkandlagate scandal]]; Malema said in response that South Africa was a [[police state]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-02-12 |title=Brawl in South African parliament as opposition MPs give Zuma hostile reception |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/feb/12/south-african-mps-fight-in-parliament-as-zuma-gets-hostile-reception |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> In September 2015, he was forcibly removed from the house by the [[Serjeant-at-arms|sergeant-at-arms]], and subsequently suspended for five days, after refusing to retract the accusation that Deputy President Cyril Ramaphosa was a "murderer" because of his actions during the Marikana massacre.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-09-09 |title=South Africa's Julius Malema ejected from parliament |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34204640 |access-date=2022-12-20}}</ref> He was forcibly ejected again during Zuma's State of the Nation addresses in 2016<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-02-11 |title=Sona: Chaotic scenes as EFF thrown out of Parliament |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2016-02-11-eff-chants-zupta-must-fall-as-they-exit-sona/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> and 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2017 |title=ANC suspended the Constitution at Sona, says ejected Malema |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2017-02-10-anc-suspended-the-constitution-at-sona-says-ejected-malema/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Business Day |language=en-ZA}}</ref>

==== Comments on white genocide conspiracy theory====
On 23 August 2018, Malema spoke out against the [[white genocide conspiracy theory]] and was critical of comments made by United States President [[Donald Trump]], after he had instructed his Secretary of State [[Mike Pompeo]] to investigate [[South African farm attacks]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.apnews.com/55a55ae789234685ab9078dd4ebd2335 |title=South Africa blasts Trump over racially divisive tweet |date=23 August 2018 |work=Associated Press News}}</ref> Claiming it was "absolute rubbish to say there's white genocide", Malema said that "South Africans would not be intimidated by Mr Trump" and that the US President's intervention into their domestic land rights issues "only made them more determined".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-45282088 |title=South Africa rejects Donald Trump's tweet on farmer killings |date=23 August 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>http://ewn.co.za/2018/08/23/malema-trump | Malema on Trump's land tweet: 'The DA, Cyril's group are involved in this thing'</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/malema-says-he-isnt-scared-of-pathological-liar-trump/|title=Malema says he isn't scared of 'pathological liar' Trump|first=Daniel|last=Friedman|date=23 August 2018|website=The Citizen}}</ref>

At a media briefing at EFF headquarters on the same day, Malema stated "there is actually [[black genocide]] in the U.S., they are killing black people in the U.S. [...] black people are even being killed in South Africa". He also made an allegation that "there's a group of white right-wingers who are being trained by Jews in Pretoria to be snipers".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/malema-says-jews-are-training-right-wingers-as-snipers-to-kill-black-people/|title=Malema says Jews are training right wingers as snipers to kill black people|newspaper=[[The Citizen (South Africa)|The Citizen]]|date=23 August 2018|access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref> The [[South African Jewish Board of Deputies]] subsequently issued a statement denouncing Malema, calling his comments "typical of his attention-seeking behaviour" and "aimed at creating racial tension".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1999850/malema-faces-backlash-for-anti-semitic-rant/|newspaper=[[The Citizen (South Africa)|The Citizen]]|date=24 August 2018|access-date=1 September 2018|title=Malema faces backlash for "Anti-Semitic" rant}}</ref>

====Allusions to violence====
On a number of occasions, Malema has invited controversy and criticism by making allusions to or threats of violence. In an interview with Al Jazeera broadcast in April 2016, Malema said that if the ANC government continued to respond violently to peaceful protests, "We will run out of patience very soon and we will remove this government through the barrel of a gun".<ref name="AJbarrel">{{cite web |author=Hall, John |date=24 April 2016 |title=Julius Malema: Ready to remove Zuma government by force – Talk to Al Jazeera |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPEmMbWQ5bE |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/dPEmMbWQ5bE |archive-date=2021-12-21 |access-date=28 April 2016 |publisher=Al Jazeera English}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2016 |title=We will remove this govt through the barrel of a gun – Malema |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/we-will-run-out-of-patience-very-soon-malema-20160421 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> In response the ANC opened a case of [[treason]] against him.<ref name="MGtreason">{{cite news |author=Mbatha, Amogelang |date=25 April 2016 |title=ANC brings 'high treason' case against Julius Malema following threat to overthrow Zuma |newspaper=Mail and Guardian |url=http://mgafrica.com/article/2016-04-25-anc-says-julius-malema-arms-threat-a-call-for-south-africans-to-disobey-government |access-date=28 April 2016}}</ref>

At a political rally in November 2016, Malema said that the EFF were "not calling for the slaughter of white people‚ at least for now".<ref name="slaughter">{{cite news |date=8 November 2016 |title=Malema slammed for comments on whites |work=eNCA |publisher= |url=http://www.enca.com/south-africa/malema-%E2%80%98slaughter-statement%E2%80%99-rocks-sa |url-status=live |access-date=30 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417053045/http://www.enca.com/south-africa/malema-%E2%80%98slaughter-statement%E2%80%99-rocks-sa |archive-date=17 April 2017}}</ref> The opposition [[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|Democratic Alliance]] (DA) criticised his "violent and threatening language".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stolley |first=Giordano |date=7 November 2016 |title=Malema not calling for the slaughter of whites, for now |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/malema-not-calling-for-the-slaughter-of-whites-for-now-2087713 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref> He repeated the sentiment in 2022, saying that he could not "guarantee I can't or won't call for the slaughter of white people" at some point in the future.<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-02-17 |title=Julius Malema REFUSES to rule out calling for 'slaughter of white people' |url=http://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/breaking-julius-malema-hate-speech-call-white-people-slaughtered/ |access-date=2022-02-21 |website=The South African |language=en-ZA}}</ref>

In 2018, at another rally, Malema referred to plans to remove [[Athol Trollip]] from his position as mayor of [[Nelson Mandela Municipality]] as plans for "cutting the throat of whiteness".<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2018 |title='We are cutting the throat of whiteness' – Malema on plans to remove Trollip |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/we-are-cutting-the-throat-of-whiteness-malema-on-plans-to-remove-trollip-20180304 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> DA leader [[Mmusi Maimane]] labelled Malema's words "racist attacks" and "racist hatred".<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 March 2018 |title=South Africans don't share Malema's racist views – Maimane |language=en |work=IOL |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/south-africans-dont-share-malemas-racist-views-maimane-13714966 |access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> Following the death of former Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe in 2019, Malema [[tweeted]] a number of controversial quotes by Mugabe, including, "The only white man you can trust is a dead white man".<ref>{{cite web |date=17 September 2019 |title=Yep, it's hate speech, says SAHRC on Julius Malema's 'dead white man' tweet |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-09-17-yep-its-hate-speech-says-sahrc-on-julius-malemas-dead-white-man-tweet/ |access-date=17 October 2019 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Grootes |first=Stephen |date=15 September 2019 |title=Malema's Mugabe closing gambit |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-09-15-malemas-mugabe-closing-gambit/ |access-date=17 October 2019 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> The [[South African Human Rights Commission]] condemned the post and said they would sue Malema for spreading [[hate speech]].<ref>{{cite web |date=19 September 2019 |title=SAHRC to take Malema to court for hate speech |url=https://www.sahrc.org.za/index.php/sahrc-media/news-2/item/2137-sahrc-to-take-malema-to-court-for-hate-speech |website=South African Human Rights Commission}}</ref>

During a 2021 session of the [[Pan-African Parliament]], Malema threatened to kill a [[Mali]]an Member of the Parliament.<ref>{{cite web |last=Nkanjeni |first=Unathi |date=28 May 2021 |title=Reckless or 'shaking trees'? – six reactions to Malema's 'I'll kill you' threat |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2021-05-28-reckless-or-shaking-trees-six-reactions-to-malemas-ill-kill-you-threat/ |access-date=2021-05-29 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Chutel |first=Lynsey |title=Julius Malema to Pan-African Parliament member: 'I'll kill you outside' |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/africa/news/watch-julius-malema-to-pan-african-parliament-member-ill-kill-you-outside-20210527 |access-date=2021-05-29 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==== 2018 Carnilinx scandal ====
[[Eyewitness News (South Africa)|Eyewitness News]] reported that party leader Julius Malema's family residence in [[Hyde Park, Gauteng|Hyde Park]], Johannesburg was owned by and located next door to controversial<ref>{{cite web |title=Malema's wife, kids live in house owned by 'tobacco smuggler' |url=http://www.polity.org.za/article/malemas-wife-kids-live-in-house-owned-by-tobacco-smuggler-2018-12-03 |access-date=5 December 2018 |website=Polity.org.za}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=3 December 2018 |title=Jacques Pauw asks questions about Malema's wife's Porsche |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/2044512/jacques-pauw-asks-questions-about-malemas-wifes-porsche/ |access-date=5 December 2018 |website=The Citizen |language=en}}</ref> cigarette businessman and [[Carnilinx]] company executive [[Adriano Mazzotti]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=Bateman |first=Barry |date=3 December 2018 |title=Malema's family living in house on estate owned by Adriano Mazzotti |url=https://ewn.co.za/2018/12/03/malema-s-family-living-in-house-on-estate-owned-by-adriano-mazzotti |access-date=5 December 2018 |website=ewn.co.za |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=3 December 2018 |title=Malema's wife, kids live in house owned by 'tobacco smuggler' |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/malemas-wife-kids-live-in-house-owned-by-tobacco-smuggler-20181203 |access-date=5 December 2018 |website=News24 |language=en}}</ref> The article also stated that Mazzotti donated R200,000 to the EFF for the party's electoral registration for the 2019 election and that fellow Carnilinx executive Kyle Phillips gave a R1 million loan to Malema.<ref name=":0" /> Malema stated that his wife rented the property and laid a complaint against the media for publishing the location of his home.<ref>{{cite web |title=Malema defends his wife's right to rent house from Mazzotti |url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-12-04-malema-defends-his-wifes-right-to-rent-house-from-mazzotti/ |access-date=5 December 2018 |website=www.sowetanlive.co.za |language=en}}</ref>

==== Comments on F. W. de Klerk's death ====
On 11 November 2021, the day [[F. W. de Klerk]] died, Malema tweeted, "Thank you God", followed by five dancing figure [[emoji]]s (🕺🏾and 💃), which observers interpreted as a response to de Klerk's death.<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-11-11 |title='Thank You God': Malema seemingly reacts to FW de Klerk's death |url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/thank-you-god-malema-seemingly-reacts-to-fw-de-klerks-death/ |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=[[The South African]] |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=11 November 2021 |title=About FW? Julius Malema has social media in meltdown mode with 'Thank you God' tweet |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2021-11-11-about-fw-julius-malema-has-social-media-in-meltdown-mode-with-thank-you-god-tweet/ |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2021-11-11 |title=FW de Klerk issues posthumous apology for pain of apartheid |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/11/fw-de-klerk-the-last-president-of-apartheid-south-africa-dies-aged-85 |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=[[the Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref> Malema later applauded the government's decision not to give de Klerk a [[state funeral]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-11-16 |title=Malema welcomes decision not to grant FW de Klerk a state funeral |url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/malema-welcomes-the-decision-not-grant-fw-de-klerk-a-state-funeral/ |access-date=2021-11-17 |website=[[SABC News]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2021-11-16 |title='Cyril is deeply hurt,' says Malema over mourning period declaration for De Klerk |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/2909961/malema-de-klerk-funeral-ramaphosa-16-november-2021/ |access-date=2021-11-17 |website=[[The Citizen (South Africa)|The Citizen]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Involvement in state contracts==
Reports regarding Malema's possible involvement in state [[tendering|tenders]] (contracts)<ref name="DlaminiBusinessDayTentacles"/> began appearing in November 2009.<ref name="moodie-2010-03-28"/> Questions about his personal lifestyle were raised by the South African media.<ref name="lifestyle-news24-1"/><ref name="director-enquiry-times"/><ref name="director-enquiry-iol-1"/><ref name="news24MalemaStillDirector"/><ref name="lifestyle-npr"/><ref name="worldaccordingjuliusmalemaMG"/> Some analysts suggest this is also known as being a [[tenderpreneur]], which is the early emergence of a form of [[kleptocracy]], or predatory behaviour by a clique in the ruling elite, to generate personal wealth by capturing resources.<ref>''Shaking Hands with Billy: The Private Memoirs of Anthony Richard Turton''. Durban: Just Done Publications (2010).<!-- ISSN/ISBN, page(s) needed --></ref>

In August 2010, the [[Public Protector (South Africa)|Public Protector]] released a report which cleared Malema of involvement in state tenders in Limpopo. The report was received with scepticism in some quarters.<ref name="tender-inquiry-citizen"/>

===Threats to journalists===
A few weeks after the tender controversy was first reported, the ANC Youth League released the personal details of City Press Investigations Editor Dumisane Lubisi, his wife and his children, including their identity numbers, bank details, residential address and vehicle details.<ref name="journalist-intimidation-citypress-1"/> Lubisi had reported on the poor construction quality of the Limpopo projects carried out by Malema's firms.<ref name="journalist-intimidation-news24-1"/><ref name="journalist-intimidation-dispatch"/> The ANCYL made claims that it had evidence that journalists were corrupt in several respects.<ref name="journalist-intimidation-news24-2"/><ref name="journalist-intimidation-times"/>

In response, a large group of political journalists complained<ref name="journalist-intimidation-politicsweb-1"/> to various authorities within the ANC and to the South African National Editors' Forum (SANEF) stating that they viewed the release as an attempt to intimidate them into not publishing further stories, and as a threat to media freedom. They further questioned how a political organisation obtained sensitive personal information without breaking the law.<ref name="journalist-intimidation-iol-1"/><ref name="journalist-intimidation-mg"/> ''The Sowetan'' newspaper, in an editorial, called the steps to silence journalists "tyrannical", and accused the ANC Youth league of exploiting its closeness to "state and institutional power", to intimidate journalists who wrote about Malema.<ref name="journalist-intimidation-sowetan"/> SANEF also released a statement supporting the journalists.<ref name="journalist-intimidation-iol-2"/> Malema issued a statement that the ANCYL would continue to "expose" journalists.<ref name="journalist-intimidation-politicsweb-2"/>

Journalists [[Piet Rampedi]] and [[Adriaan Basson]] were subjected to various threats and forms of intimidation while covering a story on corruption by Malema.<ref>Nicholson, Greg [http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-07-23-the-price-of-investigating-malema "The price of investigating Julius Malema"], ''The Daily Maverick'', 23 July 2012.</ref>

===Investigation by the Hawks===
While Malema was overseas at a friend's wedding in [[Mauritius]] in late October 2011, it was reported<ref>{{cite news|last=Mofokeng|first=Moffet|title=Malema faces arrest|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-courts/malema-faces-arrest-1.1167518?showComments=true#.UvAnDXmXmxI|access-date=3 February 2014|newspaper=IOL News|date=30 October 2011}}</ref> in various South African media that Malema faced various charges of corruption, fraud and money laundering&nbsp;– these charges having been brought forward by the special investigative unit [[Hawks (South Africa)|the Hawks]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Malema dares Hawks to lay charges, attends R10m party in Mauritius |url=http://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/malema-dares-hawks-to-lay-charges-attends-r10m-party-in-mauritius.htm |access-date=3 February 2014 |newspaper=The South African |date=1 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221144520/http://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/malema-dares-hawks-to-lay-charges-attends-r10m-party-in-mauritius.htm |archive-date=21 February 2014 }}</ref>

At the core of the allegations is the Ratanang Trust, a trust ostensibly set up by Malema and named for his son&nbsp;– with his son and grandmother listed as beneficiaries&nbsp;– but allegedly is the focal point for payments made by politically connected businessmen in return for lucrative state tenders, mostly in the impoverished Limpopo region. Malema has denied any wrongdoing, while various investigations continue.<ref name="mg.co.za">{{cite web|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2013-04-23-malema-corruption-trial-postponed|title=Malema corruption trial postponed|publisher=Mg.co.za|date=23 April 2013|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

A warrant was issued for Malema's arrest in September 2012 on charges of fraud, money laundering and corruption, in relation to a government contract.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2012/09/21/arrest-warrant-issued-for-malema-report|title=Arrest warrant issued for Malema: report|agency=Reuters|publisher=Times Live|date=21 September 2012}}</ref> The warrant was reportedly issued following an investigation into a tender awarded in 2010 to EduSolutions, to distribute textbooks to students in [[Limpopo]]. An investigation into the incident was launched by the [[Special Investigating Unit]] (SIU), [[South African Revenue Service|SA Revenue Service]] (Sars) and the elite police unit, the Hawks, following the discovery of dumped textbooks near a dam in [[Giyani]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-courts/malema-to-hand-himself-over-1.1388576#.UGAsMrJlS3Q|title=Malema to hand himself over|author=Henriette Geldenhuys|publisher=IOL News|date=22 September 2012}}</ref>

===Money laundering and tax evasion charges===
{{Update section|date=October 2016}}
On 26 September 2012, Malema was charged with money laundering, relating to his awarding of lucrative government contracts in [[Limpopo]] in return for an alleged R4&nbsp;million in kickbacks.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/66b65f12-07bd-11e2-8354-00144feabdc0.html |title=Malema charged with money laundering |year=2012 |work=[[Financial Times]] |location=UK |access-date=27 September 2012 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130731021915/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/66b65f12-07bd-11e2-8354-00144feabdc0.html |archive-date = 31 July 2013 }} (disble JavaScript to avoid redirection)</ref> After a hearing at the court in Polokwane, he was granted bail of R10&nbsp;000.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201209260450.html |title=South Africa: Malema Granted Bail |year=2012 |publisher=[[AllAfrica.com]] |location=South Africa |access-date=27 September 2012}}</ref>

In 2013, Malema faced charges of tax evasion to the amount of R16&nbsp;million after it was revealed that he was linked to companies that obtained other lucrative contracts from the Limpopo government.<ref name="mg.co.za"/> The case was based on payments made to the Ratanang Family Trust, but Malema reached a compromise with the revenue service in 2014. In 2016 the revenue service claimed that Malema breached the terms of the agreement, and that he was owing R18&nbsp;million for arrears on his taxes, besides R2&nbsp;million in interest for the 2005 to 2011 tax years. Malema countered that the Limpopo property deal did not go through and that he had settled all his debts based on the 2014 agreement, and owed nothing.<ref name="bt">{{cite news|title=SARS says Malema owes R20 million in tax|url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/111191/sars-wants-malema-to-pay-r20-million-tax-bill/ |access-date=6 November 2017|agency=BusinessTech|date=3 February 2016}}</ref>

In February 2013, it was reported that Malema's property would be auctioned off to pay a R16.1 million debt he owed the [[South African Revenue Service]], after he failed to meet payment deadlines for unpaid taxes.<ref name="TaxIOL">{{cite web |date=21 February 2013 |title=Malema's properties to be auctioned |url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-courts/malema-s-properties-to-be-auctioned-1.1474239#.USXOYaUzjSg |access-date=21 February 2013 |publisher=South African Press Association}}</ref> Malema entered into a further deal to pay back the money, however, this deal collapsed in March 2015, after Malema failed once again to pay.<ref name="bdli_Juli">{{cite web |last=Stone |first=Setumo |date=17 March 2015 |title=Julius Malema's SARS deal collapses |url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2015/03/17/julius-malemas-sars-deal-collapses |access-date=13 May 2015 |work=Business Day Live}}</ref>

==Hate speech and other legal issues==
===Khwezi hate speech: March 2010===
In January 2009, Malema told a student gathering at the [[Cape Peninsula University of Technology]] that Khwezi, the woman who [[Jacob Zuma rape trial|accused Jacob Zuma of rape]] in 2005 (of which he was acquitted), "had a nice time" with Zuma because she stayed in the morning to ask for "breakfast and [[Share taxi|taxi]] money".<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2009 |title=Accuser 'enjoyed sex with Zuma' |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/accuser-enjoyed-sex-with-zuma-432215 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref> Non-profit organisation Sonke Gender Justice filed a complaint in the Equality Court of South Africa and, on 15 March 2010, Malema was convicted of [[hate speech]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-03-15 |title=South African court finds ANC's Julius Malema guilty of hate speech |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/15/anc-julius-malema-guilty-hate-speech |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> He was required to issue an unconditional apology and pay a fine of R50,000 to a centre for [[Violence against women|abused women]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2010-03-15 |title=ANC figure guilty of hate speech |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8567727.stm |access-date=2022-12-20}}</ref>

==="Shoot the Boer" song: 2010–2022===
{{See also|Dubul' ibhunu}}
In March 2010, at a rally at the [[University of Johannesburg]], Malema sang parts of "''[[Dubul' ibhunu]]''", an [[Internal resistance to apartheid|anti-apartheid]] song whose lyrics mean "Shoot the [[Boers|Boer]]" (where "boer" refers roughly to any [[Afrikaans]]-speaking white person) in [[Nguni languages]] while thousands of his supporters cheered in approval while pointing their fingers in the air like guns.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Eligon |first=John |date=2023-08-02 |title='Kill the Boer' Song Fuels Backlash in South Africa and U.S. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/02/world/africa/south-africa-kill-boer-song.html |access-date=2025-05-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=":25">{{Cite web |date=10 March 2010 |title=Malema sings the Mokaba anti-boer tune |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/malema-sings-the-mokaba-anti-boer-tune-475838 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref> The song had been popularised by ANC Youth League activist [[Peter Mokaba]] in the 1990s<ref name=":25" /> and the South African Human Rights Commission had denounced it as hate speech in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2010 |title=Malema charged over 'kill the boer' |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/malema-charged-over-kill-the-boer-20100310 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Malema's revival of the song provoked outrage and a formal complaint by [[AfriForum|Afriforum]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2010 |title=Malema under fire for 'kill the boer' song |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/malema-under-fire-for-kill-the-boer-song-475909 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref>

On 26 March 2010, the [[South Gauteng High Court]] ruled the song "[[Constitution of South Africa|unconstitutional]] and unlawful" as a result of litigation unrelated to Malema.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2010 |title='Shoot the boer' song banned |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/shoot-the-boer-song-banned-20100326 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> On 1 April 2010, the [[North Gauteng High Court]] referred the complaint against Malema to the Equality Court, and in the interim granted an [[interdict]] preventing Malema from singing the "''Dubul' ibhunu''" or "any song of a similar nature which incites violence".<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2010 |title=Elation at Malema song ban |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/elation-at-malema-song-ban-20100401 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> In the following week, in the aftermath of [[Eugène Terre'Blanche]]'s murder on 3 April, the ANC instructed its members to be "circumspect" in singing the song in the near future, out of wariness that the party might be scapegoated by the white [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bearak |first=Barry |date=2010-04-07 |title=A.N.C. Issues Caution in Singing Polarizing Songs |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/08/world/africa/08safrica.html |access-date=2022-12-20 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Malema defied the ANC directive and indeed made "''Dubul' ibhunu''" his "signature tune",<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-09-13 |title=ANC to challenge 'hate song' ban |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14896710 |access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> one of several instances of insubordination which was raised during ANC disciplinary proceedings against him in April 2010 ''{{See below|content=[[#Disciplinary charges: 2010|above]]}}''.

====Hate speech conviction====
After several delays,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-11-01 |title=AfriForum 'shoot the boer' complaint goes to high court |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2010-11-01-afriforum-takes-shoot-the-boer-to-high-court-postponed-2011/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> a hate speech complaint against Malema, lodged by Afriforum in 2010, reached trial in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-20 |title=ANC youth leader denies hatred in 'Shoot the boer' song |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/20/julius-malema-hate-speech-boer |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Among the witnesses who testified in Malema's defence was ANC stalwart [[Winnie Madikizela-Mandela]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-15 |title=Call for SA to debate 'Kill the boer' |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-04-15-call-for-sa-to-debate-kill-the-boer/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> On 12 September 2011, Malema was convicted of hate speech.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Laing|first1=Aislinn|title=Julius Malema found guilty of hate speech for singing 'Shoot the Boer'|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/southafrica/8757630/Julius-Malema-found-guilty-of-hate-speech-for-singing-Shoot-the-Boer.html|access-date=13 June 2014|work=The Telegraph|date=12 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928210448/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/southafrica/8757630/Julius-Malema-found-guilty-of-hate-speech-for-singing-Shoot-the-Boer.html|archive-date=28 September 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-09-12 |title=South Africa's Malema found guilty of hate speech |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-safrica-malema-idUKTRE78B3JM20110912 |access-date=2022-12-20}}</ref> The ruling carried no criminal penalty but Malema was required to pay [[Court costs|costs]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cowell |first=Alan |date=2011-09-12 |title=A.N.C. Official Convicted of Hate Speech |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/13/world/africa/13southafrica.html |access-date=2022-12-20 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

==== Hate speech acquittal ====
In 2020, Afriforum again sued Malema in the Equality Court in connection with his singing "''Kill the boer''", as well as another struggle song called "''Biza a ma'firebrigate''". In the years between the two cases, the [[Constitutional Court of South Africa|Constitutional Court]] had made significant bounds in its jurisprudence on hate speech, superseding the 2011 judgment.<ref name=":26">{{Cite web |last=Broughton |first=Tania |date=2022-08-25 |title=Judge rules that "Kill the boer – Kill the farmer" is not hate speech |url=https://www.groundup.org.za/article/judge-rules-kill-boer---kill-farmer-not-hate-speech/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=GroundUp News |language=en}}</ref> In November 2022, the court dismissed Afriforum's complaint, finding that Malema's singing the song did not constitute hate speech. The court accepted Malema's argument that the lyrics should not be interpreted literally but in their proper historical context as a statement of resistance to land dispossession.<ref name=":26" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-25 |title=Malema, Economic Freedom Fighters singing 'Kill the Boer' ruled not hate speech |url=https://mg.co.za/top-six/2022-08-25-malema-economic-freedom-front-singing-kill-the-boer-ruled-not-hate-speech/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-21 |title=President Trump is Right About What's Happening in South Africa |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/articles/2025/05/president-trump-is-right-about-whats-happening-in-south-africa/ |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=The White House |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Traffic offence arrest: December 2013===
In December 2013, Malema was arrested for allegedly [[speeding]] 215&nbsp;[[km/h]] in a 120&nbsp;km/h zone in his [[BMW]] along the [[N1 (South Africa)|N1 freeway]] near [[Vanderbijlpark]], [[Gauteng]].<ref>{{cite news |date=20 December 2013 |title=Malema arrested in Gauteng for speeding |work=eNCA |publisher= |url=http://www.enca.com/south-africa/exclusive-video-malemas-arrest-speeding |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=5 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924011818/http://www.enca.com/south-africa/exclusive-video-malemas-arrest-speeding |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was released on R5,000 bail.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 December 2013 |title=Malema arrested as speedster in Gauteng |work=eNCA |publisher= |url=http://www.enca.com/south-africa/malema-top-gauteng-speedster |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=5 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924011848/http://www.enca.com/south-africa/malema-top-gauteng-speedster |url-status=dead }}</ref> In February 2014, he was acquitted on a charge of [[Reckless driving|reckless]] or [[Negligence|negligent]] driving.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2014 |title=Malema acquitted on speeding charge |url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/malema-pleads-not-guilty-charge |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=eNCA |language=en}}</ref>

===Hamas support===
In October 2023, Malema vowed to fund [[Hamas]]  in a bid to liberate [[Palestine]] if his party were to win the 2024 elections, publicly declaring that "when the EFF takes over next year it is going to arm Hamas."<ref name="hms">{{cite news |last1=Sisanda |first1=Mbolekwa |title='When we take over in 2024 we will fund Hamas,' says Malema |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2023-10-23-when-we-take-over-in-2024-we-will-fund-hamas-says-malema/ |access-date=24 November 2024 |work=Sunday Times |date=23 October 2023}}</ref><ref name="rdc"/><ref>{{cite news |title='Shoot to kill': Malema claims Hamas and Nelson Mandela are 'the same' |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2023-10-24-watch-shoot-to-kill-malema-claims-hamas-and-nelson-mandela-are-the-same/ |access-date=24 November 2024 |work=Sunday Times |date=24 October 2023}}</ref> Following his statements in support of Hamas, critics accused Malema—often described by the press as a "radical" leader—of exploiting the situation as an act of "[[opportunism]]" to promote his radical ideology and advance the EFF's campaign for the 2024 elections.<ref name="rdc">{{cite news |title=Julius Malema - South Africa's radical agenda-setter leading the EFF into 2024 elections |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-14718226 |access-date=24 November 2024 |work=BBC News |date=8 May 2024}}</ref>

==Public image==
Malema is known for his [[Public speaking|oratorical]] skills.<ref>{{cite web |author=Marvin Meintjies |date=26 November 2015 |title=EFF's Malema takes aim at 'sellout black billionaires' in Oxford address |url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/politics/2015/11/26/effs-malema-takes-aim-at-sellout-black-billionaires-in-oxford-address?cx_tag=bcuf |access-date=28 April 2016 |website=BDlive.co.za}}</ref> He is also known for his very controversial statements and has become a frequent target for lampooning. Initially, cartoonists [[Zapiro]] and [[Jeremy Nell]] often drew him dressed in [[diapers|nappies]] (diapers).<ref name="Zapiro2008-11-21"/> Around 2010 Malema's public profile grew and he was described by critics in the media as a [[demagogue]]<ref name="demagogue-sowetan"/><ref>Buccus, Imraan [http://www.iol.co.za/the-star/we-must-fight-racism-on-every-level-1.1552848#.UfYvY9IyZvI "We must fight racism on every level"], ''The Star''; accessed 17 August 2014.</ref> and a [[Fascism|fascist]].<ref>[http://sacsis.org.za/site/article/730.1 The Turn of the Fascist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412152256/http://sacsis.org.za/site/article/730.1 |date=12 April 2015 }}, Jane Duncan, ''SACSIS'' (2011).</ref><ref>Imraan Baccus,[http://www.citypress.co.za/columnists/is-fascism-rearing-its-ugly-head-in-sa "Is fascism rearing its ugly head in SA?"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006170505/http://www.citypress.co.za/columnists/is-fascism-rearing-its-ugly-head-in-sa/ |date=6 October 2013 }}, ''City Press'' (2013).</ref>

Malema was listed in ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s Least Influential People of 2010,<ref name="least-influential-people"/><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Stein |first1=Joel |title=The TIME Bum Hundred |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1984685_1985389_1985546,00.html#:~:text=My%20list%20is,%20Influence. |magazine=Time |date=29 April 2010 |publisher=Time |access-date=5 May 2025}}</ref> whereas conversely ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine named him as one of the "10 Youngest Power Men in Africa" in September 2011.<ref name="forbes10power"/> Writing in the ''Sowetan'', Andile Mngxitama described Malema as "an opportunist who raised these issues [nationalisation, land reform etc], not to solve them, but to trick the poor who have been waiting for a better life for all for almost 20 years now under your party's rule ... Instead of leading the new struggle as a selfless leader of the poor, you only pay lip service to the plight of our people while you amass great amounts of wealth through your political influence."<ref>Mngxitama, Andile [http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/columnists/2011/07/26/comrade-malema-you-are-just-another-ruthless-politician "Comrade Malema, You are Just Another Ruthless Politician"], ''Sowetan'', 26 July 2011; accessed 17 August 2014.</ref>

Between 2010 and 2013 popular media have referred to the ''Malema Dilemma''<ref>The first online mention of 'Malema Dilemma' was the blog post [http://utterlybiased.blogspot.nl/2009/10/malema-dilemma.html The Malema Dilemma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221112406/http://utterlybiased.blogspot.nl/2009/10/malema-dilemma.html |date=21 February 2014 }}, published on 18 October 2009. The post cites the parliamentary spokesman on Sport, Anton Albert who said Malema was a "dilemma which can no longer be ignored", referring to Malema's popularity in some quarters and the consequences of his statements.</ref> to describe the duality between Malema's electoral popularity and the consequences of his controversial statements.<ref>{{aut|John Curtis and Andy Mason}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=qithIrBIpGcC&pg=PA19 "Don't Joke!: The Year in Cartoons"], Jacana Media; {{ISBN|9781770097582}} (2010).</ref><ref>[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/16debda0-d7c0-11e0-a06b-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2sHL4EEdq "Malema dilemma – Young firebrand puts racial sting back into South Africa"], ''[[Financial Times]]'', 5 September 2011.</ref><ref>Commey, Pusch [http://www.newafricanmagazine.com/features/politics/the-malema-dilemma "The Malema Dilemma"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203164134/http://www.newafricanmagazine.com/features/politics/the-malema-dilemma |date=3 February 2014 }}, ''[[New African]]'', 14 November 2011.</ref>

In May 2025, he was denied a visa by the United Kingdom which according to the British government was due to a bank holiday and short notice not giving time to process his application. Malema called the denial a "political attack"; Malema made disparaging remarks about the United Kingdom and its [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|monarchy]] after the [[Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II|death of Elizabeth II]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-07 |title=South Africa's Julius Malema hits out after not getting UK visa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5y4ylw3rq5o.amp |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=BBC News |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-12 |title=EFF adamant party 'won't mourn death of coloniser, murderer Queen Elizabeth' |url=https://iol.co.za/pretoria-news/news/2022-09-12-eff-adamant-party-wont-mourn-death-of-coloniser-murderer-queen-elizabeth/ |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Malema married his long-time girlfriend in a private ceremony under heavy security in his hometown [[Seshego]] in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2014/12/29/julius-malema-gets-married-photos |author=SAPA|title=Julius Malema gets married|work=Sowetan Live|date=29 December 2014|access-date=28 April 2016}}</ref> Their first son Munzhedzi was born in 2016.<ref>Julia Madibogo (21 October 2016), [https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2016-10-21-julius-malema-and-wife-welcome-baby-munzhedzi-to-the-world/ "Julius Malema and wife welcome baby Munzhedzi to the world"], ''Sowetan Live''.</ref> Their second son Kopano was born in 2018.<ref name="kids">{{cite news |title=Julius Malema welcomes his third son |url=https://www.channel24.co.za/The-Juice/News/Local/julius-malema-welcomes-his-third-son-20180208 |access-date=24 August 2018 |work=Channel |date=8 February 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Malema also has a son named Ratanang from a previous relationship with Maropeng Ramohlale.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mofokeng |first=Moffet|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-courts/malema-faces-arrest-1.1167518|title=Malema faces arrest |publisher=IOL |date=30 October 2011|access-date=28 April 2016}}</ref> Malema also dated model and influencer, [[Lizelle Tabane]] in 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Love-struck Malema shows off his model girl |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2011-11-06-love-struck-malema-shows-off-his-model-girl/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230203112156/https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2011-11-06-love-struck-malema-shows-off-his-model-girl/ |archive-date=2023-02-03 |access-date=2025-05-13 |work=TimesLIVE |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Malema's girl is not news |url=https://www.news24.com/malemas-girl-is-not-news-20111110 |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|1=30em|refs=
<ref name="demagogue-sowetan">{{cite news|title=Rein in this demagogue|newspaper=The Sowetan|date=2 September 2009|url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sowetan/archive/2009/09/02/rein-in-this-demagogue}}</ref>

<ref name="one-on-one-news24">{{cite news|last=Pillay |first=Verashni |date=18 June 2008 |title=One-on-One with Julius Malema |work=[[News24 (website)|News24]] |url=http://www.news24.com/Content/SouthAfrica/Politics/1057/953f80036ba84f75a96ee2072b75a246/18-06-2008-03-02/One-on-One_with_Julius_Malema |access-date=3 November 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326142735/http://www.news24.com/Content/SouthAfrica/Politics/1057/953f80036ba84f75a96ee2072b75a246/18-06-2008-03-02/One-on-One_with_Julius_Malema |archive-date=26 March 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="Makatile2008-05-05">{{cite news|last=Makatile|first=Don|date=5 May 2008|title=Child Soldier ... to Politician|work=[[The Sowetan]]|url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sowetan/archive/2008/05/05/child-soldier...-to-politician|access-date=3 November 2009}}</ref>

<ref name="Maseko2008-10-24">{{cite news|last=Maseko|first=Nomsa|date=24 October 2008|title=Malema matriculates at 21|work=Eyewitness News|url=http://ewn.co.za/articleprog.aspx?id=221|access-date=3 November 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815225556/http://ewn.co.za/articleprog.aspx?id=221|archive-date=15 August 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="Mhlana2008-06-28">{{cite news|last=Mhlana|first=Zodidi|date=28 June 2008|title=Leaders of the pack|work=Mail & Guardian|location=Johannesburg, South Africa|url=http://www.mg.co.za/article/2008-06-28-leaders-of-the-pack|access-date=3 November 2009}}</ref>

<ref name="Forde2011-08-23">{{Cite news|last=Forde|first=Fiona|title=Julius Malema, the born activist|publisher=IOL|date=23 August 2011|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/julius-malema-the-born-activist-1.1123304|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="zimbabwe-voa">{{Cite news|last1=Chiripasi|first1=Thomas|last2=Rusere|first2=Patience|last3=Bobb|first3=Scott|title=Controversial ANC Youth Leader Malema in Zimbabwe on Indigenization Mission|publisher=Voice of America|date=2 April 2010|url=http://www1.voanews.com/zimbabwe/news/politics/Controversial-ANC-Youth-Leader-Malema-Arrives-In-Zimbabwe-02Apr10-89787582.html|access-date=3 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406021145/http://www1.voanews.com/zimbabwe/news/politics/Controversial-ANC-Youth-Leader-Malema-Arrives-In-Zimbabwe-02Apr10-89787582.html|archive-date=6 April 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="guardianBBCOutburst">{{cite news|last=Smith|first=David| title=ANC's Julius Malema lashes out at 'misbehaving' BBC journalist|newspaper=The Guardian|date=8 April 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/apr/08/anc-julius-malema-bbc-journalist|location=London, UK|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="duPlessis2009-04-17">{{cite news|last=Du Plessis|first=Carien|date=17 April 2009|title=Malema booted from hospital|work=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|Independent Online]]|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/malema-booted-from-hospital-1.440230|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="school-campaigning-mg">{{cite news|title=Motlanthe takes issue with Malema's school visits|newspaper=Mail & Guardian|date=28 January 2010|url=http://www.mg.co.za/article/2010-01-28-motlanthe-takes-issues-with-malemas-school-visits|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="take-us-seriously-iol">{{Cite news|title=Take us seriously or else, says Malema|publisher=IOL|date=1 February 2010|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/take-us-seriously-or-else-says-malema-1.472151|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="citizenMalemaBootCamp">{{cite news|last=Shonisani|first=Tshifhiwa|title=Malema off to boot camp|newspaper=The Citizen (South Africa)|date=13 May 2010|url=http://citizen.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=57814|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="IOLancylMilitaryTrainingAnnounced">{{Cite news|title=ANCYL to undergo military training|publisher=IOL|date= 13 May 2010|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/ancyl-to-undergo-military-training-1.483845|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="no-disciplinary-yet-news24">{{cite news|last=Du Toit |first=Pieter |title=Malema won't be punished&nbsp;– for now |work=News24 |date=15 March 2010 |url=http://www.news24.com/Content/SouthAfrica/Politics/1057/de70f3ea6b03489fa4943c8d67813a62/15-03-2010-08-05/Malema_wont_be_punished_-_for_now |access-date=17 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100322194412/http://www.news24.com/Content/SouthAfrica/Politics/1057/de70f3ea6b03489fa4943c8d67813a62/15-03-2010-08-05/Malema_wont_be_punished_-_for_now |archive-date=22 March 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="MSNReelectionboostamathole">{{Cite news|last=Mkani-Mpolweni |first=Sibongile |title=Malema's re-election bid gets a boost |publisher=MSN.com |date=30 March 2010 |url=http://news.za.msn.com/article.aspx?cp-documentid=152820379 |access-date=17 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823054559/http://news.za.msn.com/article.aspx?cp-documentid=152820379 |archive-date=23 August 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="dispatchdescretBallotScrapped2010408">{{Cite news|last=Maqhina |first=Mu |title=Malema won&nbsp;– after secret ballot scrapped |publisher=Daily Dispatch (South Africa) |date=4 November 2010 |url=http://www.dispatch.co.za/article.aspx?id=392849 |access-date=17 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310073709/http://www.dispatch.co.za/article.aspx?id=392849 |archive-date=10 March 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="iolMalemaLosesItAgain">{{Cite news|title=Malema loses it&nbsp;– again|publisher=IOL|newspaper=Weekend Argus|date=11 April 2010|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/malema-loses-it-again-1.480148|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="malemaSuedManhandlingIOL">{{Cite news|title=Malema to be sued after 'manhandling'|publisher=IOL|date=18 April 2010|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/malema-to-be-sued-after-manhandling-1.480949|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="timesMalemaVenezuela">{{cite news|last=Bodzin|first=Steven|title=Now Malema visits Venezuela|newspaper=The Times|date=25 April 2010|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/sundaytimes/article419163.ece/Now-Malema-visits-Venezuela|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="DlaminiBusinessDayTentacles">{{Cite news|last=Dlamini|first=Jacob|title=While SA laughs, Malema spreads his tentacles|publisher=Business Day (South Africa)|date= 19 November 2009|url=http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=87495|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="moodie-2010-03-28">{{Cite news|last=Moodie|first=Gill|title=Media feeds the Malema beast|publisher=Moneyweb|date=28 March 2010|url=http://www.moneyweb.co.za/mw/view/mw/en/page304825?oid=476972&sn=2009+Detail+no+image&pid=304825|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="lifestyle-news24-1">{{cite news|last=Fitzpatrick|first=Marida|title=Malema 'misses' R3m|work=News24|date=23 February 2010|url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Malema-misses-R3m-20100223|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="director-enquiry-times">{{Cite news|title=Malema's mystery millions|publisher=Times.co.za|date=19 February 2010|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/article315746.ece|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="director-enquiry-iol-1">{{Cite news|title=Malema still listed as company director|publisher=IOL|date=22 February 2010|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/malema-still-listed-as-company-director-1.474283|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="news24MalemaStillDirector">{{cite news|title=Cipro: Malema still listed as director |work=News24 |date=23 February 2010 |url=http://www.news24.com/Content/SouthAfrica/News/1059/8b17b197fe944e5ebd07a3428506f96c/23-02-2010-05-02/Cipro_Malema_still_listed_as_director |access-date=17 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226082609/http://www.news24.com/Content/SouthAfrica/News/1059/8b17b197fe944e5ebd07a3428506f96c/23-02-2010-05-02/Cipro_Malema_still_listed_as_director |archive-date=26 February 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="lifestyle-npr">{{Cite news|title=South African Official's Luxe Lifestyle Raises Doubts|publisher=NPR|date=10 March 2010|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=124458077|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="worldaccordingjuliusmalemaMG">{{Cite news|title=The World According to Julius Malema|publisher=Mail & Guardian (South Africa)|date=21 September 2009|url=http://www.mg.co.za/article/2009-09-21-the-world-according-to-julius-malema|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="tender-inquiry-citizen">{{cite news|last=Kirk|first=Paul|title=Public Protector's Malema report 'flawed'|newspaper=The Citizen (South Africa)|date=17 August 2010|url=http://www.citizen.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=108062|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="journalist-intimidation-citypress-1">{{Cite news|title=Malema's bullying spares no one|publisher=City Press|date=14 March 2010|url=http://www.citypress.co.za/SouthAfrica/News/Malemas-bullying-spares-no-one-20100314|access-date=17 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114012653/http://www.citypress.co.za/SouthAfrica/News/Malemas-bullying-spares-no-one-20100314|archive-date=14 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="journalist-intimidation-news24-1">{{Cite news|title=Zuma blasts spying on journalists|publisher=News24/SAPA|date=20 March 2010|url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Zuma-blasts-spying-on-journalists-20100320|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="journalist-intimidation-dispatch">{{Cite news|last=Leshilo |first=Thabo |title=ANCYL's sinister bid to intimidate journos |publisher=Daily Dispatch |date=20 March 2010 |url=http://www.dispatch.co.za/article.aspx?id=388865 |access-date=17 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310073721/http://www.dispatch.co.za/article.aspx?id=388865 |archive-date=10 March 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="journalist-intimidation-news24-2">{{cite news|title=ANCYL won't back down on journos|work=News24|date=17 March 2010|url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/ANCYL-wont-back-down-on-journos-20100317|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="journalist-intimidation-times">{{Cite news|last=Leshilo|first=Thabo|title=Madness of the would-be king|publisher=The Times (South Africa)|date=11 March 2010|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/opinion/article351441.ece|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="journalist-intimidation-politicsweb-1">{{Cite news|title=Why is Floyd Shivambu digging for dirt on journos?|publisher=Politicsweb|date=17 March 2010|url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page71654?oid=166555&sn=Detail|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="journalist-intimidation-iol-1">{{Cite news|title=Journos fight ANCYL man's 'intimidation'|publisher=IOL|date=17 March 2010|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/journos-fight-ancyl-man-s-intimidation-1.476650|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="journalist-intimidation-mg">{{Cite news|last=Keepile|first=Karabo|title=Journos take issue with ANCYL spokesperson|publisher=Mail and Guardian Online|date=17 March 2010|url=http://www.mg.co.za/article/2010-03-17-journos-take-issue-with-ancyl-spokesperson|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="journalist-intimidation-sowetan">{{cite news|title=ANC steps tyrannical|newspaper=The Sowetan|date=18 March 2010|url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sowetan/archive/2010/03/18/anc-steps-tyrannical}}</ref>

<ref name="journalist-intimidation-iol-2">{{Cite news|title=Sanef supports complaint against ANCYL|publisher=IOL|date=18 March 2010|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/sanef-supports-complaint-against-ancyl-1.476827|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="journalist-intimidation-politicsweb-2">{{Cite press release|last=Malema|first=Julius|title=Mob of journalists has a lot to hide&nbsp;– Malema|publisher=ANC Youth League|date=17 March 2010|url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page71654?oid=166586&sn=Detail}}</ref>

<ref name="Zapiro2008-11-21">{{cite web|last=Zapiro|date=21 November 2008|title=Zapiro|work=Mail & Guardian|location=Johannesburg, South Africa|url=http://www.mg.co.za/zapiro/fullcartoon/2132|quote=ANC Problem #943, Another Malema Outburst|access-date=3 November 2009}}</ref>

<ref name="FirebrandZimVisitVOA">{{Cite news|last1=Bobb|first1=Scott|last2=Rusere|first2=Patience|last3=Chiripasi|first3=Thomas|title=Zimbabwe Visit by ANC Firebrand Malema Ends Amid Racial Crisis in South Africa|publisher=Voice of America|date=5 April 2010|url=http://www1.voanews.com/zimbabwe/news/politics/Zimbabwe-Malema-In-Spotlight-After-South-African-Murder-05Apr10-89934082.html|access-date=17 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805025152/http://www.voanews.com/zimbabwe/news/politics/Zimbabwe-Malema-In-Spotlight-After-South-African-Murder-05Apr10-89934082.html|archive-date=5 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="malemaNationalisationWillBecomeMg">{{cite news|last=Marrian|first=Natasha|title=Malema: 'Nationalisation will become ANC policy'|newspaper=Mail & Guardian|date=19 February 2010|url=http://www.mg.co.za/article/2010-02-19-malema-nationalisation-will-become-anc-policy|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="least-influential-people">{{Cite magazine|title=Least Influential People of 2010|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=29 April 2010|url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1984685_1985389_1985284-3,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100502092445/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1984685_1985389_1985284-3,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2010|access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="forbes10power">{{Cite news|title=The 10 Youngest Power Men in Africa|work=Forbes|date=13 September 2011|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnseh/2011/09/13/the-10-youngest-power-men-in-africa|access-date=11 November 2011|first=Mfonobong|last=Nsehe}}{{dead link|date=January 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|last1=Forde |first1=Fiona |title=An inconvenient youth: Julius Malema and the 'new' ANC |date=2012 |publisher=Portobello Books |location=London |isbn=9781846274565 |edition=Fully revised and updated}}
<!-- Moved unused references to this list -->
* {{Cite news|title=ANC's Julius Malema guilty of South Africa hate speech|publisher=BBC|date=15 March 2010|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8567727.stm}}
* {{cite news|last=Smith|first=David|title=South African court finds ANC's Julius Malema guilty of hate speech|newspaper=The Guardian|date=15 March 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/15/anc-julius-malema-guilty-hate-speech|location=London, UK}}
* {{cite news|title=Parties Welcome Malema Conviction |work=News24 |date=15 March 2010 |url=http://www.news24.com/Content/SouthAfrica/Politics/1057/0a938f112734467a8d690387dd6a844e/15-03-2010-04-22/Parties_welcome_Malema_conviction |access-date=17 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100322194723/http://www.news24.com/Content/SouthAfrica/Politics/1057/0a938f112734467a8d690387dd6a844e/15-03-2010-04-22/Parties_welcome_Malema_conviction |archive-date=22 March 2010 }}
* {{cite news|title=ANCYL leaders' convictions upheld|newspaper=Independent Online|date=4 February 2012|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/special-features/ancyl-leaders-convictions-upheld-1.1227309|access-date=17 August 2014}}
* {{cite news|title=ANC's youth leader found guilty of hate speech for Shoot the Boer song|newspaper=The Guardian|date=12 September 2011|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/sep/12/julius-malema-guilty-hate-speech?INTCMP=SRCH|access-date=17 August 2014|location=London, UK}}
* {{Cite news|title=ANC puts heat on Malema|publisher=IOL|date=10 April 2010|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/anc-puts-heat-on-malema-1.480111|access-date=17 August 2014}}
* {{cite news|first1=Geoffrey|last1=York|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/africa-mideast/in-south-africa-a-youth-leader-revives-politics-of-race/article2020406|title=In South Africa, a youth leader revives politics of race|newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=13 May 2011|access-date= 17 August 2014}}
* {{Cite news|last=Du Plessis|first=Carien|title=Malema sings the Mokaba anti-boer tune|publisher=IOL|date=10 March 2010|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/malema-sings-the-mokaba-anti-boer-tune-1.475838|access-date=17 August 2014}}
* {{Cite news|last=Lekotjolo|first=Nkosana|title=Malema in full cry on campus|publisher=The Times (South Africa)|date=9 March 2010|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/article346907.ece|access-date=17 August 2014}}
* {{cite news|last1=Lewis|first1=Esther|last2=Makinana|first2=Andisiwe|date=23 January 2009|title=Malema does it again|work=CapeArgus.co.za|location=Cape Town, South Africa|url=http://www.capeargus.co.za/?fArticleId=4806906|access-date=3 November 2009}}
* {{Cite news|title=Retaliation may follow Terre'Blanche murder|publisher=IOL|date=5 April 2010|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/retaliation-may-follow-terre-blanche-murder-1.479509|access-date=17 August 2014}}
* {{Cite news|title=Malema under fire for 'kill the boer' song|publisher=IOL|date=10 March 2010|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/malema-under-fire-for-kill-the-boer-song-1.475909|access-date=17 August 2014}}
* {{cite news|title=Malema charged over 'kill the boer'|work=News24|date=10 March 2010|url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Malema-charged-over-kill-the-boer-20100310|access-date=17 August 2014}}
* {{cite news|title=ANC backtracks on Malema|work=News24|date=10 March 2010|url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/ANC-backtracks-on-Malema-20100310|access-date=17 August 2014}}
* {{Cite news|title=Freedom Front Plus lays second Malema complaint|publisher=Business Report (South Africa)|date=23 March 2010|url=http://www.busrep.co.za/index.php?fSectionId=552&fSetId=662&fArticleId=5401913}}
* {{Cite news|last=Ndaba|first=Baldwin|title=Malema gagged|publisher=IOL|date=27 March 2010|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/malema-gagged-1.477656}}
* {{Cite court|litigants=Afriforum and Transvaal Agricultural Union of South Africa v Malema|vol=18172/2010|court=North Gauteng High Court|date=1 April 2010|url=http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAGPPHC/2010/39.html}} {{cite web|url=http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAGPPHC/2010/39.pdf|title=PDF Format}}
* {{cite news|title=Elation at Malema song ban|work=News24|date=1 April 2010|url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Elation-at-Malema-song-ban-20100401}}
* {{Cite news|last1=Molele|first1=Charles|last2=Wa Afrika|first2=Mzilikazi|last3=Jordan|first3=Bobby|title=Eugène Terre'Blanche killed|publisher=Times Live|date=4 April 2010|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/sundaytimes/article385669.ece/Terre-Blanche-killed|access-date=17 August 2014}}
* {{Cite news|title=Blood for Land, says Malema|publisher=Mail and Guardian, Johannesburg|date=16 October 2012|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-10-16-blood-for-land-says-malema|access-date=17 October 2012}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{People's Assembly (South Africa)|julius-sello-malema/|Julius Sello Malema}}
* {{cite web|url=http://effighters.org.za/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918100051/http://effighters.org.za/|archive-date=18 September 2014|title= Malema's Economic Freedom Fighters}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/talktojazeera/2016/04/julius-malema-ready-remove-zuma-government-force-160422094620380.html |title=Julius Malema: Ready to remove Zuma government by force|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228220013/https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/talktojazeera/2016/04/julius-malema-ready-remove-zuma-government-force-160422094620380.html |archive-date=28 February 2020 }} - interview on Al Jazeera English (video, 25 mins)
{{Economic Freedom Fighters}}{{Current MPs of South Africa}}{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malema, Julius}}
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Anti-Indian racism in Africa]]
[[Category:Anti-white racism in Africa]]
[[Category:University of South Africa alumni]]
[[Category:Northern Sotho people]]
[[Category:People from Polokwane Local Municipality]]
[[Category:Economic Freedom Fighters politicians]]
[[Category:People convicted of hate crimes]]
[[Category:Racism in Africa]]
[[Category:Left-wing populists]]
[[Category:South African nationalists]]
[[Category:South African anti-Zionists]]
[[Category:South African pan-Africanists]]
[[Category:South African Marxists]]
[[Category:South African socialists]]
[[Category:South African politicians convicted of crimes]]
[[Category:South African political party founders]]
[[Category:Anti-imperialism in Africa]]
[[Category:Members of the National Assembly of South Africa 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Members of the National Assembly of South Africa 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Members of the National Assembly of South Africa 2014–2019]]