View source for Julian Bond

{{Short description|American politician and activist (1940–2015)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Julian Bond
| image               = Julian Bond (48591893556).jpg
| caption             = Bond in 2000
| office              = Chair of the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]]
| term_start          = 1998
| term_end            = 2010
| predecessor         = [[Myrlie Evers-Williams]]
| successor           = [[Roslyn Brock]]
| state_senate1       = Georgia State
| district1           = 39th
| term_start1         = January 13, 1975
| term_end1           = January 12, 1987
| predecessor1        = [[Horace Ward]]
| successor1          = Hildred Shumake
| office2             = Member of the [[Georgia House of Representatives]]
| term_start2         = January 9, 1967
| term_end2           = January 13, 1975
| predecessor2        = 
| successor2          = Mildred Glover
| constituency2       = 136th district (1967–1969)<br>111th district (1969–1973)<br>32nd district (1973–1975)
| birth_name          = Horace Julian Bond
| birth_date          = {{birth date|1940|1|14}}
| birth_place         = [[Nashville, Tennessee]], U.S.
| death_date          = {{death date and age|2015|8|15|1940|1|14}}
| death_place         = [[Fort Walton Beach, Florida]], U.S.
| party               = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| spouse              = {{marriage |Alice Clopton|July 1961|1989|end=div}}<br>{{marriage|Pamela Horowitz|1990}}
| children            = 5
| education           = [[Morehouse College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
| otherparty          = [[Democratic Socialists of America]]
}}
'''Horace Julian Bond''' (January 14, 1940&nbsp;– August 15, 2015) was an American social activist, leader of the [[civil rights movement]], politician, [[professor]], and [[writer]]. While he was a student at [[Morehouse College]] in [[Atlanta]], Georgia, during the early 1960s, he helped establish the [[Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee]] (SNCC). In 1971, he co-founded the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] in [[Montgomery, Alabama]], and served as its first president for nearly a decade.

Bond was elected to serve four terms in the [[Georgia House of Representatives]] and later he was elected to serve six terms in the [[Georgia State Senate]], serving a total of twenty years in both legislative chambers. Following his career in the legislature, he was a professor of history at the [[University of Virginia]] from 1990 to 2012. From 1998 to 2010, he was chairman of the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]] (NAACP).

== Early life and education ==
Bond was born in 1940 at Hubbard Hospital in [[Nashville, Tennessee]], to parents Julia Agnes (Washington) and [[Horace Mann Bond]]. His father was an educator, then president of [[Fort Valley State University|Fort Valley State College]]. His mother, Julia, was a former [[librarian]] at [[Clark Atlanta University]], also a [[historically black college]].<ref>{{Cite web | url =http://www.naacp.org/press/entry/naacp--mourns-loss-of-julia-washington-bond | title =NAACP Mourns Loss of Julia Washington Bond | author =National Association for the Advancement of Colored People | author-link =National Association for the Advancement of Colored People | publisher =naacp.org | url-status =dead | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131001155545/http://www.naacp.org/press/entry/naacp--mourns-loss-of-julia-washington-bond | archive-date =October 1, 2013 | df =mdy-all }}</ref>

The family resided on campus at [[Fort Valley State College]]. The house of the Bonds was a frequent stop for [[scholars]], [[activists]], and celebrities passing through, such as [[W. E. B. Du Bois]] and [[Paul Robeson]].

In 1945, Bond's father accepted the position of president of [[Lincoln University (Pennsylvania)|Lincoln University]], where he was its first [[African-American]] president, and the family moved North.

In 1957, Bond graduated from [[George School]], a private [[Quakers|Quaker]] [[university-preparatory school|preparatory]] boarding school near [[Newtown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Newtown]] in [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Bucks County]], [[Pennsylvania]].<ref name="montes">[Montes-Bradley, Eduardo. ''Julian Bond: Reflections from the Frontlines of the Civil Rights Movement''], Heritage Film Project, 2012. Alexander Street Press, 2013.</ref> He attended [[Morehouse College]], a [[historically black college]] in Atlanta, Georgia. He was very involved at [[Morehouse College|Morehouse]]. He was a swimmer on the varsity squad. He worked as an intern at [[Time magazine]] and was one of the founding members of ''The Pegasus'', a literary magazine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mace |first=Emily |title=Bond, Julian (1940-2015) {{!}} Harvard Square Library |url=https://www.harvardsquarelibrary.org/biographies/julian-bond/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Julian Bond {{!}} Social Activist {{!}} Hilbert College |url=https://www.hilbert.edu/social-justice-activists/julian-bond |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=www.hilbert.edu}}</ref>

== Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee ==
On April 17, 1960, Bond helped co-found the [[Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee]] (SNCC).<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=126021836 | title =Founder Julian Bond Remembers 50 Years of SNCC | publisher =[[NPR]] | date =April 15, 2010}}</ref>

In 1961, Bond left Morehouse to join the staff of the ''[[Atlanta Inquirer]]'', a new black protest paper he had helped establish in the summer of 1960 with [[Jesse Hill]], [[Herman J. Russell]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Range |first=Peter Ross |date=1974-04-07 |title=Making it in Atlanta |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/04/07/archives/capital-of-blackisbountiful-peter-ross-range-an-atlantabased.html |access-date=2019-10-31 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and various other students in the [[Atlanta Student Movement]] including [[Charlayne Hunter-Gault]], and [[Lonnie C. King Jr.|Lonnie King]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Carson, Clayborne, 1944- |title=The student voice 1960-1965 : periodical of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee |date=1990 |publisher=Meckler |isbn=0887363237 |oclc=477165543}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Bohannon |first=Jeanne Law |date=2018-06-07 |title=Dr. Lonnie King Class Lecture 2017 |url=https://soar.kennesaw.edu/handle/11360/2403 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Hunter-Gault, Charlayne, author. |title=To the mountaintop : my journey through the civil rights movement |date=14 January 2014 |publisher=Square Fish |isbn=978-1250040626 |oclc=829452587}}</ref>

Following the white violence visited in the summer of 1961 on the first [[Voter registration in the United States|voter registration]] efforts (under the direction of [[Bob Moses (activist)|Bob Moses)]] in [[McComb, Mississippi]], including the murder of activist [[Herbert Lee (activist)|Herbert Lee]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=SNCC leaves McComb |url=https://snccdigital.org/events/sncc-leaves-mccomb/ |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=SNCC Digital Gateway |language=en}}</ref> Bond took the new full-time position of communications director for SNCC assisted by [[Casey Hayden]], [[Mary King (political scientist)|Mary King]] and [[Dottie Miller]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Visser-Maessen |first=Laura |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ds43CwAAQBAJ |title=Robert Parris Moses: A Life in Civil Rights and Leadership at the Grassroots |date=2016 |publisher=UNC Press Books |isbn=978-1-4696-2799-1 |pages=90 |language=en}}</ref> until September 1966. During this period, he travelled frequently to [[Mississippi]] (active in the [[Freedom Summer]] registration drive in 1964) and to [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Alabama]], and [[Arkansas]].<ref name="NAACP">{{Cite web |title=Board Member: Julian Bond |url=http://www.naacp.org/preview/pages/julian-bond |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822015928/http://www.naacp.org/preview/pages/julian-bond |archive-date=August 22, 2015 |access-date=August 16, 2015 |publisher=NAACP |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

By the mid-1960s, and without embracing a [[black separatist]] agenda, Bond had concluded that the continued presence of white organizers in SNCC was undermining black self-confidence. He later reflected:<blockquote>"The successes [[Freedom Summer]] achieved resulted from its embrace of a paradox — it tried to fight bigotry by appealing to people more concerned about whites, not blacks. Appealing to the nation's racism accepted [[white supremacy]]. By acknowledging its dependence on whites to popularize the civil rights struggle in the South, SNCC contradicted its rhetorical belief in the equal worth of all races, and undermined its insistence that indigenous blacks were best prepared to lead the struggle for their deliverance from white dominance."<ref>Julian Bond, [http://www.crmvet.org/comm/bond14.htm "Address to Freedom Summer 50th Commemoration"], Jackson, MS. June 28, 2014.</ref></blockquote>At age 31, with SNCC shedding staff and volunteers after its abortive merger with [[Black Panther Party]], Bond returned to [[Morehouse College]] in 1971, to complete his [[Bachelor of Arts]] in English.<ref>{{Cite web | url =http://pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Bond__Julian.html | title =Julian Bond – The Pennsylvania Center for the Book | author =Jared Yeskey | author2 =Pennsylvania State University | author2-link =Pennsylvania State University | publisher =psu.edu | year =2005 | url-status =dead | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130515191045/http://pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Bond__Julian.html | archive-date =May 15, 2013 | df =mdy-all }}</ref>

== Georgia General Assembly ==
[[File:(Julian Bond, member of the Georgia House of Representatives, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing front) (LOC) - Flickr - The Library of Congress.jpg|thumb|Bond in 1966]]
In addition to his organizing with [[SNCC]], Bond ran for political office in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. In 1965, he was one of 11 [[African American]]s elected to the [[Georgia House of Representatives]]. They were aided by the expansion of the franchise for blacks in the state, who largely supported [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] candidates, after national passage of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]] and [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]]. The latter especially had brought federal oversight to enforce the [[constitutional rights]] of blacks to vote. As states ended discriminatory practices in [[voter registration]], [[African Americans]] regained the ability to vote and entered the political process.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=owfkLL-gvXAC&q=julian+bond+one+of+eight+african+americans+elected+to+the+georgia+house+1965&pg=PA141 | title =Democracy Restored: A History of the Georgia State Capitol | author =Timothy Crimmins, Anne H. Farrisee | author2 =University of Georgia Press | author2-link =University of Georgia Press | isbn =978-0820329116 | pages =140–144 | year =2007| publisher =University of Georgia Press }}</ref>

Although initially undecided about his party affiliation, Bond ultimately ran and was elected as a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]], the party of President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]], who had supported civil rights, and signed the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964|Civil Rights Act]] and [[Voting Rights Act of 1965|Voting Rights Act]] into law.<ref>''Yes We Did?: From King's Dream to Obama's Promise'' (2009) by Cynthia Griggs Fleming, {{ISBN|978-0813141060}}</ref> On January 10, 1966, Georgia representatives voted 184–12 not to seat Bond after the election, because he had publicly endorsed SNCC's policy of [[opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=348&dat=19660208&id=NuotAAAAIBAJ&pg=5574,3975793 | title =Julian Bond Only Candidate For Vacant Post | agency =[[Associated Press]] | newspaper =[[Rome News-Tribune]] | date =February 6, 1966}}</ref> Five of the representatives who did vote to seat Bond were white, including Republican [[Rodney Mims Cook Sr.|Rodney Cook]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shaw|first=Michelle E.|title=Rodney Mims Cook Sr., 88: Former alderman and state representative|url=https://www.ajc.com/news/rodney-mims-cook-former-alderman-and-state-representative/sdDKz9lWQFITAR19HihVVI/|date=January 15, 2013|access-date=2020-12-28|newspaper=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rodney Mims Cook Papers|url=https://russelldoc.galib.uga.edu/russell/view?docId=ead/RBRL180RMC-ead.xml|access-date=2020-12-28|website=russelldoc.galib.uga.edu|archive-date=May 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518220032/https://russelldoc.galib.uga.edu/russell/view?docId=ead%2FRBRL180RMC-ead.xml|url-status=dead}}</ref> They disliked his stated sympathy for persons who were "unwilling to respond to a military draft".{{clarify |date=June 2023 |reason=Is 'they' referring to the 5 or the 12 or the 184?}}<ref>''The World Almanac 1967'', pp. 54–55.</ref>

Bond took the legislature to court. A three-judge panel of the [[United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia]] ruled in a 2–1 decision that the [[Georgia House]] had not violated any of Bond's constitutional rights. The case reached the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] in 1966, which ruled 9–0 in the case of ''[[Bond v. Floyd]]'' (385 U.S. 116) that the [[Georgia House of Representatives]] had denied Bond his [[freedom of speech]] and was required to seat him. From 1967 to 1975, Bond was elected to four terms in the [[Georgia House]], where he organized the Georgia Legislative Black Caucus.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ajc.com/news/news/local/photo-vault-bond-denied-seat-in-state-house-triump/njhRj/|title=Photo Vault: Bond denied seat in state House, triumphs a year later|date=January 7, 2015|access-date=August 16, 2015|work=Atlanta Journal-Constitution}}</ref>

In January 1967, Bond was among eleven Georgia House members who refused to vote when the legislature elected [[Racial segregation in the United States|segregationist]] Democrat [[Lester Maddox]] of Atlanta as [[List of Governors of Georgia|governor of Georgia]] over the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Bo Callaway]]. Callaway had led in the [[Georgia gubernatorial election, 1966|1966]] [[general election]] by some three thousand votes. Under the Georgia Constitution of 1824, the state legislature had to settle the election because neither major party candidate had polled a majority in the general election. Former Governor [[Ellis Arnall]] polled more than fifty thousand votes as a write-in candidate, a factor which led to the impasse. Bond would not support either Maddox or Callaway, although he was ordered to vote by [[Lame duck (politics)|lame duck]] [[Lieutenant governor of Georgia|Lieutenant Governor]] [[Peter Zack Geer]].<ref>Billy Hathorn, "The Frustration of Opportunity: Georgia Republicans and the Election of 1966", ''[[Atlanta History: A Journal of Georgia and the South]],'' XXXI (Winter 1987–1988), p. 47.</ref>

Throughout his House career, Bond had to deal with repeated redistricting of his district by the state legislature:

* 1967–1969: 136th<ref>Acts and resolutions, [http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=290834216 1967] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107175708/http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=290834216 |date=January 7, 2016 }}, [http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=299177809 1968] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725062546/http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=299177809 |date=July 25, 2017 }}</ref>
* 1969–1973: 111th<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=306491491|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725072302/http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=306491491|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 25, 2017|title=wrap.cgi Error|work=uga.edu|access-date=August 16, 2015}}</ref>
* 1973–1974: 32nd<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=337841181|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725061433/http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=337841181|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 25, 2017|title=wrap.cgi Error|work=uga.edu|access-date=August 16, 2015}}</ref>

Bond was elected in 1974 for the first of six terms in the [[Georgia Senate]], where he served from 1975 to 1987.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wws.princeton.edu/news-and-events/archives/videos/item/conversation-civil-rights-icon-julian-bond|title=A Conversation with Civil Rights Icon, Julian Bond|publisher=Woodrow Wilson School of Public & International Affairs|access-date=August 16, 2015|date=November 20, 2012|archive-date=October 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003235249/http://wws.princeton.edu/news-and-events/archives/videos/item/conversation-civil-rights-icon-julian-bond|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Georgia House of Representatives alphabetically arranged according to names, with districts and post offices for the term 1974–1975 |work=Acts and resolutions of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia |url=http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=357672973 |volume=1 |year=1974 |page=2019 |publisher=Georgia Legislature |access-date=July 18, 2011 |archive-date=January 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107175708/http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=357672973 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of the Senate of Georgia by Districts in Numerical Order and Post Offices for the Term 1973–1974 |url=http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=347539990 |work=Acts and Resolutions of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia |year=1973 |volume=1 |page=1671 |access-date=July 18, 2011 |archive-date=January 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107175708/http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=347539990 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Georgia House of Representatives for the term 1987–1988 by districts and addresses |url=http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=480518459 |work=Acts and resolutions of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia |publisher=Georgia Legislature |page=CLXXIV |access-date=July 18, 2011 |archive-date=January 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107175708/http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=480518459 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was a member of the [[Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee]]<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Kleniewski |first1=Nancy |title=Socialists in State Houses |journal=[[Democratic Left (newspaper)|Democratic Left]] |date=November 1980 |volume=VIII |issue=9 |pages=4–5 |url=https://archive.org/details/democratic-left-volume-008-number-09/page/n3/mode/1up |access-date=3 August 2025}}</ref> and its successor, the [[Democratic Socialists of America]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Fleischman |first1=Harry |title=On The Left |journal=[[Democratic Left (newspaper)|Democratic Left]] |date=March–April 1986 |volume=XIV |issue=2 |page=12 |url=https://archive.org/details/democratic-left-volume-014-number-02/page/n11/mode/1up |access-date=3 August 2025}}</ref>

During the [[1968 United States presidential election|1968 presidential election]], Bond led an alternate delegation from Georgia to the [[1968 Democratic National Convention|Democratic National Convention]] in [[Chicago]]. There he was the first African American to have his name entered into nomination as a major-party candidate for [[Vice President of the United States]]. The 28-year-old Bond quickly declined, citing the constitutional requirement that one must be at least 35 years of age to serve in that office.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blog.chron.com/40yearsafter/2008/08/the-whole-world-was-watching-chicago-1968-part-4/|work=The Houston Chronicle|date=August 30, 2008|access-date=August 16, 2008|title=The Whole World Was Watching – Chicago 1968, Part 4|first=Rick|last=Campbell|archive-date=April 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404013500/http://blog.chron.com/40yearsafter/2008/08/the-whole-world-was-watching-chicago-1968-part-4/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="fast">{{Cite news|publisher = CNN|title = Julian Bond Fast Facts|date = January 13, 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Vibrations- Julian Bond (4462446102).jpg|thumb|Bond being interviewed by [[WFSU-TV]] in 1978]]

Bond ran for the [[United States House of Representatives]] from [[Georgia's 5th congressional district]] (encompassing Atlanta) in 1986. He lost the Democratic nomination in a primary runoff to rival civil rights leader [[John Lewis]] in a bitter contest.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/03/us/ex-colleague-upsets-julian-bond-in-atlanta-congressional-runoff.html |title=Ex-Colleague Upsets Julian Bond in Atlanta Congressional Runoff|first=Dudley|last=Clendinen|work=The New York Times|date=September 3, 1986|access-date=August 16, 2015}}</ref> During the campaign, Bond was accused of using [[cocaine]] and other drugs.<ref>{{Cite magazine |year=1987 |magazine=[[Jet (magazine)|Jet]] |title=Julian Bond's Wife Accuses Him of Using Drugs Daily; She Later Recants Story |volume=72 |issue=5 |pages=54–55 |issn=0021-5996}}</ref> Lewis challenged Bond to take a drug test; Lewis had said he took one and passed. Bond refused, saying the drug test was akin to [[McCarthyism]] and trivialized the issue of drugs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.philly.com/1987-04-15/news/26194978_1_drug-charges-cocaine-abuse-problem-julian-bond|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818154316/http://articles.philly.com/1987-04-15/news/26194978_1_drug-charges-cocaine-abuse-problem-julian-bond|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 18, 2015|title=Julian Bond Says He Never Used Cocaine, Blames Wife's Charges on Domestic Rift|author=Timothy Dwyer|work=philly-archives|date=April 15, 1987|access-date=August 16, 2015}}</ref>
[[File:1986 United States House of Representative Democratic Primary Runoff Election in Georgia's 5th Congressional District.svg|thumb|left|1986 Georgia's 5th Congressional District Democratic Primary Runoff Election results by precinct{{Collapsible list
| title = {{legend|#584CDE|Lewis}}|{{legend|#7996E2|50–60%}}|{{legend|#6674DE|60–70%}}|{{legend|#584CDE|70–80%}}|{{legend|#3933E5|80–90%}}|{{legend|#0D0596|90-100%}}
}}{{Collapsible list
| title = {{legend|#37C837|Bond}}|{{legend|#5FD35F|50–60%}}|{{legend|#37C837|60–70%}}|{{legend|#2CA02C|70–80%}}|{{legend|#217821|80–90%}}|{{legend|#165016|90-100%}}
}}{{Legend|#808080|'''No Vote'''}}]]
While Bond had raised twice as much money as Lewis and had a larger national reputation, Lewis cast himself as the man on the front lines of the Civil Rights Movement and ran up large margins over Bond among white voters in Atlanta.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Clendinen|first1=Dudley|title=Ex-Colleague Upsets Julian Bond in Atlanta Congressional Runoff|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/03/us/ex-colleague-upsets-julian-bond-in-atlanta-congressional-runoff.html |access-date=August 16, 2015|work=The New York Times|date=September 3, 1986|ref=Ex-Colleague Upsets Bond}}</ref> As the district had a very large Democratic majority, winning the Democratic primary meant that Lewis was almost certain to win the general election. After he did so, he served in Congress for 30 years until his death on July 17, 2020.

Still dogged by allegations of drug use, Bond resigned from the Georgia Senate the following year.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.deathandtaxesmag.com/259806/former-naacp-chairman-julian-bond-dead-at-75/|title=Former NAACP chairman Julian Bond dead at 75|first=Jordan|last=Freiman|work=Death and Taxes|date=August 16, 2015|access-date=August 16, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.philly.com/1987-04-19/news/26196475_1_julian-bond-scavengers-and-gossip-mongers-alice-bond|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818154320/http://articles.philly.com/1987-04-19/news/26196475_1_julian-bond-scavengers-and-gossip-mongers-alice-bond|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 18, 2015|work=The Philadelphia Inquirer|title=The Once Shining Star of Julian Bond Dims Even More in Cocaine Scandal|date=April 19, 1987|access-date=August 16, 2015|first=Fred|last=Grimm}}</ref> Bond's estranged wife, Alice, who had publicly accused him of using cocaine, later retracted her statements.<ref name="fast"/>

After leaving politics, Bond taught at several universities in major cities in the North and South, including [[American University]],<ref name="american">{{Cite web|url=http://www.american.edu/spa/faculty/hjb7g.cfm|title=Julian Bond|publisher=American University|access-date=August 16, 2015}}</ref> [[Drexel University|Drexel]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://wagner.edu/newsroom/civil-rights-leader-julian-bond-to-speak-at-commencement/|title= Civil rights leader Julian Bond to speak at commencement, May 23|date=May 18, 2014|access-date=August 16, 2015|publisher=Wagner College}}</ref> and [[Harvard University|Harvard]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://history.virginia.edu/user/13|publisher=Corcoran Department of History|title=Julian Bond|access-date=August 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150819065102/http://history.virginia.edu/user/13|archive-date=August 19, 2015|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Bond taught the history of the civil rights movement at the [[University of Virginia]] from 1990 to 2012. While there he shared his experiences of the movement with thousands of students through stories, newsreels, music, and film.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Black leaders on leadership: Conversations with Julian Bond|last = Leffler|first = Phyllis|publisher = Palgrave Macmillan|year = 2014|isbn = 978-1-137-34249-2|location = New York}}</ref> Bond was on the Board of Selectors of [[Jefferson Awards for Public Service]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jeffersonawards.org/board |title=Our Board of Selectors |publisher=JeffersonAwards.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124055949/http://www.jeffersonawards.org/board |archive-date=November 24, 2010 |df=mdy  |access-date= November 19, 2013}}</ref>

== Later civil-rights activism ==
With [[Morris Dees]], in 1971 Bond helped found the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] (SPLC), a public-interest law firm based in [[Montgomery, Alabama]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 14, 2013 |title=Louisiana State University Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Commemorative Collaboration |url=http://www.lsu.edu/departments/mlk/speaker.htm |publisher=[[Louisiana State University]]}}</ref> He served as its president until 1979,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Julian Bond |work=Southern Poverty Law Center |url=https://www.splcenter.org/about/board-member/julian-bond |access-date=August 16, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Emily Wallace |author2=University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |author2-link=University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |date=October 15, 2013 |title=Julian Bond to Deliver 2013 Charleston Lecture |url=http://south.unc.edu/2013/10/15/4768/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109235052/http://south.unc.edu/2013/10/15/4768/ |archive-date=January 9, 2014 |publisher=unc.edu |df=mdy-all}}</ref> and was an emeritus member of its board of directors at the time of his death in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Southern Poverty Law Center |author-link=Southern Poverty Law Center |title=Board of Directors |url=http://www.splcenter.org/who-we-are/board-of-directors |publisher=splcenter.org}}</ref> Bond also advocated for Africans in Europe.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 August 2015 |title=Longtime U.S. civil rights campaigner Julian Bond dead at 75 |work=The Japan Times Online |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/08/17/world/longtime-u-s-civil-rights-campaigner-julian-bond-dead-75/#.XEv9Yy2B3RY |access-date=26 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="nytobit">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/17/us/julian-bond-former-naacp-chairman-and-civil-rights-leader-dies-at-75.html |title=Julian Bond, Former N.A.A.C.P. Chairman and Civil Rights Leader, Dies at 75|work=The New York Times|date=August 16, 2015|access-date=August 16, 2015|first=Roy|last=Reed}}</ref>

In 1998, Bond was selected as chairman of the [[NAACP]]. Bond once referred to leading the NAACP as "the most powerful job a Black man can have in America."<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sen. Julian Bond Would Give Up All For NAACP Job|date=July 24, 1975|work=Charlottesville-Albemarle Tribune}}</ref> In November 2008, he announced that he would not seek another term as chairman.<ref name="bet-bond-out">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bet.com/article/34vyf8/julian-bond-to-step-down-as-naacp-chairman |title=Julian Bond To Step Down as NAACP Chairman |work=[[BET]] |date=2008-11-19 |access-date=2021-05-25}}</ref> Bond agreed to stay on in the position through 2009, as the organization celebrated its 100th anniversary. [[Roslyn Brock]] was chosen as Bond's successor on February 20, 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/US/02/20/naacp.leadership/index.html |title=NAACP chooses successor to Chairman Julian Bond |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=February 20, 2010 |access-date=February 20, 2010}}</ref>

[[File:2012-0619-Bond-Dayton.jpg|thumb|right|Julian Bond and Minnesota Governor [[Mark Dayton]] at a rally opposing [[Minnesota Amendment 1|a ballot initiative aimed at prohibiting same-sex marriage in that state]] in June 2012.]]

Bond was an outspoken supporter of the rights of gays and lesbians. He publicly stated his support for [[same-sex marriage]]. Most notably, he boycotted the funeral services for [[Coretta Scott King]] on the grounds that the King children had chosen an anti-gay megachurch as the venue. This was in conflict with their mother's longstanding support for the rights of gay and lesbian people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/voices/black-voices|title=Black Voices – Black News, Entertainment, Style and Culture|website=www.huffpost.com|language=en|access-date=2019-06-03}}</ref>

In a 2005 speech in Richmond, Virginia, Bond said:

<blockquote>African Americans&nbsp;... were the only Americans who were enslaved for two centuries, but we were far from the only Americans suffering discrimination then and now&nbsp;... Sexual disposition parallels race. I was born this way. I have no choice. I wouldn't change it if I could. Sexuality is unchangeable.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.washblade.com/2005/4-8/news/localnews/naacp.cfm |title=NAACP chair says 'gay rights are civil rights' |work=[[Washington Blade]] |date=April 8, 2004 |access-date=September 24, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060321202124/http://www.washblade.com/2005/4-8/news/localnews/naacp.cfm |archive-date = March 21, 2006}}</ref></blockquote>

In a 2007 speech on the Martin Luther King Day Celebration at [[Clayton State University]], Bond said, "If you don't like gay marriage, don't get gay married." His positions pitted elements of the NAACP against religious groups in the Civil Rights Movement who oppose gay marriage. Most resistance came from within the [[Southern Christian Leadership Conference]] (SCLC), which was partially blamed for the success of the gay marriage ban amendment in [[California]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/11/us/11gay.html |title=Civil Rights Group Divided Over Gay Marriage |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 10, 2009 |access-date=February 21, 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140221215058/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/11/us/11gay.html |archive-date = February 21, 2014 |first=Jennifer |last=Steinhauer}}</ref> On October 11, 2009, Bond appeared at the [[National Equality March]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], and spoke about the rights of the [[LGBT]] community, a speech that was aired live on [[C-SPAN]].<ref>[https://archive.today/20091026001443/http://www.baywindows.com/index.php?ch=columnists&sc=holding_the_center&id=97618 Street vs. suite] by Richard J. Rosendall. October 13, 2009. [[Bay Windows]]</ref><ref>[http://www.c-spanarchives.org/program/289403-1 C-Span archive] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229032434/http://www.c-spanarchives.org/program/289403-1 |date=February 29, 2012 }}</ref>

Bond was a strong critic of policies that contribute to anthropogenic [[climate change]]. He was among a group of protesters arrested at the [[White House]] for civil disobedience in opposition to the [[Keystone Pipeline|Keystone XL pipeline]] in February 2013.<ref>{{Cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/activists-arrested-at-white-house-protesting-keystone-pipeline/2013/02/13/8f0f1066-75fa-11e2-aa12-e6cf1d31106b_story.html |title=Activists arrested at White House protesting Keystone pipeline |first1=Juliet |last1=Eilperin |first2=Steven |last2=Mufson |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=13 February 2013}}</ref>

== Criticism of Republican administration and Tea Party ==
[[File:DIG13615-183.jpg|thumb|(L-R) Bond with John Lewis, US Representative from Georgia, at the Civil Rights Summit at the LBJ Presidential Library in 2014]]
Bond was a strong critic of the George W. Bush administration, in large part because he believed it was illegitimate. Twice in 2001, first in February when he spoke to the NAACP board and then in July when he spoke at that organization's national convention, he attacked the administration for selecting Cabinet secretaries "from the [[Taliban]] wing of American politics". Bond specifically criticized Attorney General [[John Ashcroft]], who had opposed [[affirmative action]], and Interior Secretary [[Gale Norton]], who defended the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] in a 1996 speech on states' rights. In the selection of these individuals, Bond said, Bush had appeased "the wretched appetites of the [[Far-right politics|extreme right wing]] and chosen Cabinet officials whose devotion to the Confederacy is nearly canine in its uncritical affection". House Majority Leader [[Dick Armey]] responded to Bond's statement with a letter in which he accused NAACP leaders of "racial McCarthyism".<ref name="Wickham">{{Cite news|work=[[USA Today]]|title = Julian Bond: Master needler|date = July 16, 2001|last = Wickham|first = DeWayne|url = https://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/columnists/wickham/2001-07-12-wickham.htm |format = Opinion|access-date=May 7, 2007}}</ref> Bond later said at the annual NAACP convention that year, that since Bush's election, he had "had his picture taken with more black people than voted for him."<ref name="Wickham"/>

== Work and appearances in media ==
[[File:Julianbondmovie.jpg|thumb|Bond during the filming of ''Julian Bond'' (2012)]]

In 2012, Bond was featured in ''[[Julian Bond: Reflections from the Frontlines of the Civil Rights Movement]]'', a documentary film by [[Eduardo Montes-Bradley]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hackman |first=Timothy |date=2 May 2013 |title=Review of Julian Bond: Reflections from the Frontlines of the Civil Rights Movement |url=http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/13889 |department=Educational Media Reviews Online |publisher=Digital Repository at the University of Maryland |access-date=August 16, 2015}}</ref><ref>Schudel, Matt. "Julian Bond, charismatic civil rights figure, dies at 75", ''The Washington Post'', August 16, 2015.</ref>

From 1980 to 1997, Bond hosted ''America's Black Forum''.<ref name="fast"/> He was also a commentator for radio's ''Byline'' and [[NBC]]'s ''[[Today (U.S. TV program)|The Today Show]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-julianbond-idUSKCN0QL06720150816|title=U.S. civil rights leader Julian Bond dies at 75|first=Richard|last=Cowan|date=August 16, 2015|access-date=August 16, 2015|work=Reuters}}</ref> He authored the [[Print syndication|nationally syndicated]] newspaper column ''Viewpoint'',<ref name="american"/> and narrated the critically acclaimed [[PBS]] series ''[[Eyes on the Prize]]'' in 1987 and 1990.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.heraldnews.com/article/ZZ/20150816/ENTERTAINMENT/308169998|title=Civil Rights Activist Julian Bond Has Died at 75|work=The Herald News|date=August 16, 2015|access-date=August 16, 2015}}</ref>

Bond hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' on April 9, 1977, becoming the first black political figure to do so. In the same year, he also appeared in the [[Richard Pryor]] vehicle ''[[Greased Lightning (1977 film)|Greased Lightning]]''. In 1978, Bond played himself in the miniseries ''[[King (miniseries)|King]]''.<ref>''Epic Television Miniseries: A Critical History'' (2010) by John De Vito and Frank Tropea, p. 181, {{ISBN|978-0786441495}}</ref> He also had a small appearance playing State Representative John E. White in the movie ''[[Ray (film)|Ray]]'' (2004),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0093971/|publisher=IMDb|title=Julian Bond|access-date=August 16, 2015}}</ref> and played himself in the movie ''[[5 to 7]]'' (2014).<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/apr/01/5-to-7-movie-review-new-york-anton-yelchin | title=5 to 7 review – Woody Allen-tinged love story worth two hours of your time | newspaper=The Guardian | date=April 2015 | last1=Hoffman | first1=Jordan }}</ref>

== Personal life and death ==
On July 28, 1961, Bond married Alice Clopton, a student at [[Spelman College]]. They had five children: Phyllis Jane Bond-McMillan, Horace Mann Bond II, [[Michael Julian Bond]] (an Atlanta City councilman), Jeffrey Alvin Bond, and Julia Louise Bond. They divorced on November 10, 1989.

In 1990 Bond married Pamela Sue Horowitz, a former SPLC staff attorney.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=9 April 1990 |magazine=[[Jet (magazine)|Jet]] |title=Julian Bond Weds D.C. Atty. Pamela Horowitz |volume=77 |issue=26 |page=14 |issn=0021-5996}}</ref>

Bond died from complications of [[vascular disease]] on August 15, 2015, in [[Fort Walton Beach, Florida]], at the age of 75.<ref name="nytobit" />

== Awards and honors ==
* 2002, he received the National Freedom Award, from the [[National Civil Rights Museum]].<ref>[http://civilrightsmuseum.org/freedom-award/ National Civil Rights Museum Freedom Award Winners] National Civil Rights Museum. 2015. Retrieved August 16, 2015</ref>
* 2006, he was awarded the National Leadership Award, from the [[National LGBTQ Task Force]]
* 2008, he was awarded The Mario Cuomo Act of Courage Award, from [[Death Penalty Focus]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Awards |url=https://deathpenalty.org/awards/ |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=Death Penalty FOCUS |language=en-US}}</ref>
* 2009, he was awarded the [[Spingarn Medal]], from the NAACP.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.naacp.org/pages/spingarn-medal-winners |title=Spingarn Medal Winners: 1915 to Today |publisher=naacp.org |access-date=August 16, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802063355/http://www.naacp.org/pages/spingarn-medal-winners |archive-date=August 2, 2014 |df=mdy }}</ref>
Among 25 honorary degrees, he was awarded:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.naacp.org/preview/pages/julian-bond|title=Board Member: Julian Bond|publisher=naacp.org|access-date=August 16, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822015928/http://www.naacp.org/preview/pages/julian-bond|archive-date=August 22, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

* 1999, an honorary [[Legum Doctor|LL.D.]] from [[Bates College]].
* 2008, an honorary degree from [[George Washington University]]. Bond was also the 2008 Commencement Keynote Speaker.<ref name="gwu-degree">{{Cite web |url=http://media.www.gwhatchet.com/media/storage/paper332/news/2008/03/13/News/Naacp.Chairman.Will.Speak.At.Commencement-3280172.shtml |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103044820/http://media.www.gwhatchet.com/media/storage/paper332/news/2008/03/13/News/Naacp.Chairman.Will.Speak.At.Commencement-3280172.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 3, 2013 |title=NAACP chairman will speak at Commencement |first=Eric|last=Roper|author2=Jake Sherman|work=The GW Hatchet |date=March 13, 2008 |access-date=November 18, 2008 }}</ref>
* 2009, an honorary [[Doctor of Humane Letters|L.H.D.]] from [[Macalester College]].
* 2015, an honorary [[Doctor of Humane Letters|L.H.D.]] from [[Skidmore College]].

== Publications ==
* {{Cite book |title=Black Candidates: Southern Campaign Experiences |url=https://archive.org/details/blackcandidatess00bond |first=Julian |last=Bond |location=Atlanta |publisher=[[Voter Education Project]] |year=1969 |asin=B0007GSIKG}}
* {{Cite book |title=A Time to Speak, A Time to Act |url=https://archive.org/details/timetospeaktimet00bond |url-access=registration |first=Julian |last=Bond |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |location=New York |year=1972 |isbn=978-0671213459}}
* {{Cite book |title=Gonna Sit at the Welcome Table |first1=Julian |last1=Bond |first2=Andrew |last2=Lewis |publisher=American Heritage |year=1995 |isbn=978-0828106399}}
* {{Cite book |title=Lift Every Voice and Sing: A Celebration of the Negro National Anthem; 100 Years, 100 Voices |editor1-first=Julian |editor1-last=Bond |editor2-first=Sondra Kathryn |editor2-last=Wilson |location=New York |publisher=[[Random House]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-0679463153}}
* {{Cite book |title=The Julian Bond Papers Project|url=https://bondpapersproject.org |editor1-first=Deborah |editor1-last=McDowell | publisher=Carter G. Woodson Institute, University of Virginia.  }}
* Julian Bond's papers reside at the [[Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library]] at the University of Virginia.
* Nationally syndicated column ''Viewpoint''.
* Poems and articles have appeared in a list of national magazines and newspapers.
* ''Race Man: The Collected Works of Julian Bond, 1960–2015'', [[City Lights Publishers]], 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Race Man: Selected Works, 1960-2015 |url=https://citylights.com/peoples-history/race-man-sel-works-1960-2015/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210002129/https://citylights.com/peoples-history/race-man-sel-works-1960-2015/ |archive-date=10 February 2022 |url-status=live |publisher=City Lights Publishers |access-date=25 April 2022}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of civil rights leaders]]
*[[JULIAN]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/R-0345/menu.html Oral History Interview with Julian Bond] from [http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/ Oral Histories of the American South]
* [https://omeka.binghamton.edu/omeka/items/show/854&nbsp;Interview with Julian Horace Bond] by Stephen McKiernan,&nbsp;Binghamton University Libraries Center for the Study of the 1960s
* {{C-SPAN|2722}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150822015928/http://www.naacp.org/preview/pages/julian-bond Julian Bond] at the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People|NAACP]]
* [https://snccdigital.org/people/julian-bond/ SNCC Digital Gateway: Julian Bond], Documentary website created by the SNCC Legacy Project and Duke University
* [https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu00259.xml Papers of Julian Bond] at the University of Virginia Library

{{United States presidential election, 1968}}{{GeorgiaSenDst31–40}}{{NAACP}}
{{Civil rights movement}}
{{Spingarn Medal}}
{{African American topics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bond, Julian}}
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:African-American civil rights activists]]
[[Category:African-American state legislators in Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:African-American television personalities]]
[[Category:American columnists]]
[[Category:American television personalities]]
[[Category:American University faculty]]
[[Category:Burials at South-View Cemetery]]
[[Category:Center for Economic and Policy Research]]
[[Category:George School alumni]]
[[Category:Georgia (U.S. state) Democrats]]
[[Category:Democratic Party Georgia (U.S. state) state senators]]
[[Category:Harvard University faculty]]
[[Category:Democratic Party members of the Georgia House of Representatives]]
[[Category:Members of the Democratic Socialists of America from Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:Morehouse College alumni]]
[[Category:NAACP activists]]
[[Category:People for the American Way people]]
[[Category:People from Bucks County, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Politicians from Nashville, Tennessee]]
[[Category:Southern Poverty Law Center]]
[[Category:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee]]
[[Category:University of Virginia faculty]]
[[Category:Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:Writers from Tennessee]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the Georgia General Assembly]]
[[Category:Bond family]]