View source for Journal des débats

{{short description|Defunct French newspaper}}
{{For|periodicals with the title ''Journal des débats'' published by provincial legislatures in Canada|Hansard}}
{{Italic title}}
[[File:Journal des débats - carte postale ancienne.jpg|right|thumb|''Journal des Débats'' - [[Portrait of monsieur Bertin]], director, by [[Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres|Ingres]]]]

The '''''Journal des débats''''' ({{IPA|fr|ʒuʁnal de deba}}, ''Journal of Debates'') was a French [[newspaper]], published between 1789 and 1944 that changed title several times. Created shortly after the first meeting of the [[Estates-General of 1789]], it was, after the outbreak of the [[French Revolution]], the exact record of the debates of the [[National Assembly (French Revolution)|National Assembly]], under the title ''Journal des Débats et des Décrets'' ("Journal of Debates and Decrees").

Published weekly rather than daily, it was headed for nearly forty years by [[Louis-François Bertin|Bertin l'Aîné]] and was owned for a long time by the [[Bertin|Bertin family]]. During the [[First French Empire|First Empire]] it was opposed to [[Napoleon]] and had a new title imposed on it, the ''Journal de l'Empire''.

During the first [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]] (1813–1814), the ''Journal'' took the title ''Journal des Débats Politiques et Littéraires'', and, under the second Restoration, it took a [[Conservatism|conservative]] rather than [[reactionary]] position.{{citation needed|date=April 2012}} Under [[Charles X of France|Charles X]] and his entourage, the ''Journal'' changed to a position supporting the [[Liberalism|liberal]] opposition represented by the [[Doctrinaires]] ([[François Guizot|Guizot]], [[Pierre Paul Royer-Collard|Royer-Collard]], etc.) (1827–1829).

The ''Journal des Débats'' was the most read newspaper of the Restoration and the [[July Monarchy]], before being surpassed by [[Émile de Girardin]]'s ''[[La Presse (France)|La Presse]]'' and later by ''[[Le Petit Journal (newspaper)|Le Petit Journal]]''. The many contributions established the ''Journal''{{'}}s reputation as a major influence on [[Culture of France|French culture]], and especially [[French literature]] for the first half of the 19th century.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

During the [[Vichy France|German occupation]] of France in [[World War II]], the ''Journal'' continued to be published, which caused it to be suppressed after the [[Liberation of Paris]] in 1944.

==Famous contributors==
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* [[Henry Aron]]
* [[Gustave Babin]]
* [[Hector Berlioz]]
* [[Maurice Blanchot]]
* [[Castil-Blaze]]
* [[Brada (writer)|Brada]]
* [[François-René de Chateaubriand]]
* [[Alexandre Dumas, père]]
* [[Charles-Marie de Féletz]]
* [[Léon Foucault]]
* [[Julien Louis Geoffroy]]
* [[Bernard Adolphe Granier de Cassagnac]]
* [[Victor Hugo]]
* [[Jules Janin]]
* [[Conrad Malte-Brun]]
* [[Charles Nodier]]
* [[Ferdinando Petruccelli della Gattina]]
* [[Ernest Reyer]]
* [[Eugène Sue]]
* [[Madame Sorgue]]
* [[George Barbu Știrbei]]
* [[Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvray]]
* [[John Lemoinne]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
<!-- Translated from the French version-->
* Alfred Nettement, ''Histoire politique, anecdotique et littéraire du « Journal des débats »'', Dentu, Paris, 1842. 
* ''Le Livre du centenaire du « Journal des débats »'', Plon, Paris, 1889. 
* André-Jean Tudesq, « Le ''Journal des débats'' au temps de Guizot », ''Politique'', avril-juin 1959. 
* Ruth Jakoby, ''Das Feuilleton des « Journal des débats » von 1814 bis 1830: ein Beitrag zur Literaturdiskussion der Restauration'', G. Narr, Tübingen, 1988. {{ISBN|3-87808-786-1}}.

==External links==
* ''Le Journal des débats'' digital archives [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb327995159/date from 1800 to 1805], [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb32797692j/date from 1805 to 1814] and [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39294634r/date from 1814 to 1944] in [[Gallica]], the digital library of the [[BnF]]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Journal des Debats}}
[[Category:1789 establishments in France]]
[[Category:French newspapers confiscated for collaboration]]
[[Category:Publications established in 1789]]
[[Category:Defunct weekly newspapers]]
[[Category:July Monarchy]]
[[Category:Newspapers of the French Revolution]]
[[Category:Bourbon Restoration]]
[[Category:Weekly newspapers published in France]]