View source for Jhelum River

{{Short description|River in India and Pakistan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{For|the Jhelum River (Daryaaw) in Hong Kong|Tan Shan River}}
{{Redirect|Hydaspes|the historic battle|Battle of the Hydaspes|the mythological character|Hydaspes (mythology)}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Jhelum
| name_other = Hydaspes,<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Quarterly Review |year=1816 |publisher=Murray |page=170 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XrNZAAAAcAAJ&q=hydaspes&pg=RA1-PA170 |access-date=17 March 2017 |language=en |archive-date=16 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716120100/https://books.google.com/books?id=XrNZAAAAcAAJ&q=hydaspes&pg=RA1-PA170 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bidaspes,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bakshi |first1=S. R. |title=Kashmir Through Ages |year=1997 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=9788185431710 |page=110 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ONDsQCO9yTQC&q=jhelum&pg=PA110 |access-date=17 March 2017 |language=en |archive-date=16 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716120058/https://books.google.com/books?id=ONDsQCO9yTQC&q=jhelum&pg=PA110 |url-status=live }} Five volumes.</ref> Vitastā,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rapson |first1=E. J. |title=Ancient India: From the Earliest Times to the First Century AD |date=9 June 2011 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521229371 |page=171 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AKn3p64hGycC&q=vitasta&pg=PA171 |language=en |access-date=1 November 2020 |archive-date=16 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716120103/https://books.google.com/books?id=AKn3p64hGycC&q=vitasta&pg=PA171 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bihat, Vehat, Bihatab, Biyatta, Jailam,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Naqvi |first1=Saiyid Ali |title=Indus Waters and Social Change: The Evolution and Transition of Agrarian Society in Pakistan |date=November 2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press Pakistan |isbn=9780199063963 |page=10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=45bcAgAAQBAJ&q=jhelum&pg=PA10 |access-date=17 March 2017 |language=en |archive-date=16 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716120101/https://books.google.com/books?id=45bcAgAAQBAJ&q=jhelum&pg=PA10 |url-status=live }}</ref> Vyath<ref>{{cite book |title=Know Your State: Jammu and Kashmir |date=November 2012 |publisher=Arihant Publications (India) Ltd |page=35 |isbn=9789313169161 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NhrzDwAAQBAJ |access-date=6 November 2021 |language=en |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407010344/https://books.google.com/books?id=NhrzDwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| image = Jhelum River-Pakistan.jpg
| image_size = 
| image_alt = 
| image_caption = Jhelum River photographed in Pakistan, {{Circa|2006}}
| map = 
| map_size = 
| map_alt = 
| map_caption = 
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 6
| source1_location = [[Verinag#Verinag Spring and Mughal Garden|Verinag Spring]]
| source1_coordinates = {{Coord|33|32|05|N|75|14|59|E|region:IN-JK_type:river|display=inline}}
| mouth_location = [[Chenab River]] at Trimmu, [[Jhang District]]
| mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|31.17|N|72.15|E|format=dms|region:PK-PB_type:river|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type1 = Countries
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]], [[Pakistan]]
| progression = 
| length = {{cvt|725|km|mi}}
| source1_elevation = 
| mouth_elevation = 
| discharge1_avg = {{cvt|1026.6|m3/s}} (near [[Mangla Dam]])
| discharge1_max = {{cvt|26419.13|m3/s}} (near Mangla Dam)
| discharge1_min = {{cvt|234.19|m3/s}} 
(near [[Mangla Dam]])
| discharge2_avg = {{cvt|313.19|m3/s}} 
(near [[Domel]])
| discharge3_avg = {{cvt|229.20|m3/s}} 
(near [[Baramulla]])
| basin_size = 
| river_system = [[Indus River]]
| tributaries_left = [[Poonch River]], [[Sukhnag River]], [[Veshaw River]], [[Rambiara River]], [[Ramoshi River]], [[Doodh Ganga]],[[Ferozpur Nalla River]], [[Ningle Nalla]], [[Pohru River]]
| tributaries_right = [[Arpath River]], [[Lidder River]], [[Neelum River|Kishanganga River/Neelum River]], [[Sind River]], [[Kunhar River]], [[Pohru River]], [[Erin River]]
}}

The '''Jhelum River'''{{efn|{{IPA|ks|ʋʲatʰ dərʲjaːʋ}}; {{IPA|pa|d͡ʒéˈlɐm / véːt̪ᵊ nəˈd̪iː}}; {{IPA|skr|veˈɦət̪ dəɾˌjɑː}}; {{IPA|ur|dəɾˌjɑː.e d͡ʒeɦˈləm}}}} is a major river in [[South Asia]], flowing through [[India]] and [[Pakistan]], and is the westernmost of the five major rivers of the [[Punjab]] region. It originates at [[Verinag]] in Indian-administered [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], flows into Pakistan-administered [[Azad Jammu and Kashmir]], and then through the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] province of Pakistan. It is a [[tributary]] of the [[Chenab River]] and has a total length of about {{convert|725|km|mi}}.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/303711/Jhelum-River "Jhelum River"]. ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501063959/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/303711/Jhelum-River |date=1 May 2015 }}. Retrieved on 4 October 2013.</ref>

==Etymology==
[[File:Vitasta at Verinag.jpg|thumb|Verinag Spring is a major source of Jhelum River]]

A [[Pakistanis|Pakistani]] author, Anjum Sultan Shahbaz, recorded some stories of the name Jhelum in his book ''Tareekh-e-Jhelum'':{{quote|'Many writers have different opinions about the name of Jhelum. One suggestion is that in ancient days Jhelumabad was known as Jalham. The word Jhelum is reportedly derived from the words Jal (pure water) and Ham (snow). The name thus refers to the waters of a river (flowing beside the city) which have their origins in the snow-capped [[Himalayas]].<ref>{{Cite book |author=Shahbaz, Anjum Sultan |year=2003 |title=Tārīkh-i Jihlam |language=ur |location=Main Bazar, Jhelum |publisher=Buk Kārnar [Book Corner] |oclc=60589679}}</ref>}}

The [[Sanskrit]] name for the river is ''Vitástā'', derived from an apocryphal<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vedakumārī |title=Studies in phonetics and phonology: with special reference to Dogri |date=1991 |publisher=Ariana Publ. House |isbn=978-81-85347-20-2 |edition=1. publ |location=New Delhi |pages=45-47}}</ref> legend regarding the origin of the river in the [[Nilamata Purana]]. The name survives in the [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] name for this river, ''Vyath'' and in [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] (and more commonly in [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Punjab Portal |url=https://gazetteers.punjab.gov.pk/uploads/flipbooks/khushab/2021/files/basic-html/page15.html&ved=2ahUKEwj1nIaG89SGAxWHQEEAHfCTB5wQFnoECDkQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0c_Q_5BbfLvUwUJ4bTtjy- |access-date=12 June 2024 |quote=or Vehat, the latter name being more common towards the south of the district.}}</ref>) as ''Vehat''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Soofi |first=Mushtaq |date=2015-11-20 |title=Punjab Notes: Vehat: where great warriors clashed |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1220932 |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref> It was called the [[Battle of the Hydaspes|Hydaspes]] by the armies of [[Alexander the Great]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Locke |first=Ralph P. |date=2016 |title=Alexander the Great and the Indian Rajah Puru. Exoticism in a Metastasio Libretto As Set by Hasse and by Handel |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44739484 |journal=Revue de Musicologie |volume=102 |issue=2 |pages=275–317 |jstor=44739484 |issn=0035-1601 |quote=The elephants of Puru's army were overwhelmed by the Greeks' horses in 326 BC on the left bank of the Hydaspes, a river - also known as the Jhelum or Jhelam - that is located in what is today Pakistan}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Picjhelum.jpg|thumb|220px|A passenger traversing the river precariously seated in a small suspended cradle ''Circa 1900'']]
The river Jhelum was originally recognized by the name Vitasta. The river was called ''Hydaspes'' ({{langx|el|Ὑδάσπης}}) by the [[Ancient Greece|ancient Greeks]].

According to Greek sources, [[Alexander the Great|Alexander III of Macedon]] and his army crossed the Jhelum River in 326 BCE and defeated the Indian King [[Porus]] at the [[Battle of the Hydaspes River|Battle of the Hydaspes]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Arrian |url=http://archive.org/details/cu31924026460752 |title=The Anabasis of Alexander; or, The history of the wars and conquests of Alexander the Great. Literally translated, with a commentary, from the Greek of Arrian, the Nicomedian |date=1884 |publisher=London, Hodder and Stoughton |others=Cornell University Library |pages=280-295}}</ref> After the battle, Alexander founded two cities: [[Boukephala and Nikaia|Nikaia]], on the site where the battle was fought, and  [[Boukephala and Nikaia|Bucephala]], located at the site where he first crossed the River Hydaspes and subsequently named in honor of his recently deceased horse, [[Bucephalus|Bucephalas]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of Anabasis of Alexander, by Arrian. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/46976/46976-h/46976-h.htm#Page_295 |access-date=2025-07-30 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref>

The modern-day town of [[Jalalpur Sharif]], outside Jhelum, is said to be where Bucephalus is buried.<ref>[[Michael Wood (historian)|Michael Wood]], "In the footsteps of Alexander the Great".</ref> Residents of the nearby [[Mandi Bahauddin District|Mandi Bahauddin]] district believe that their [[tehsil]], the town of [[Phalia]], is named after Alexander's horse, saying that the name ''Phalia'' was a distortion of ''Bucephala''.{{cn|date=July 2025}}

The waters of the Jhelum are allocated to [[Pakistan]] under the terms of the [[Indus Waters Treaty]]. India is working on a [[hydropower]] project on a tributary of Jhelum river to establish first-use rights on the river water over Pakistan as per the [[Indus Waters Treaty]].<ref>{{cite web |title=India fast-tracks work on Jhelum river hydroelectric power project |url=http://www.livemint.com/2010/05/25214132/India-fasttracks-work-on-Jhel.html |access-date=25 May 2010 |archive-date=3 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603211347/http://www.livemint.com/2010/05/25214132/India-fasttracks-work-on-Jhel.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Legends==
[[File:Art captioned “Hindoo (Hindu) picture emblematic of the creation of the river Jhelum or Vetasta”, ca.1882.webp|thumb|upright|The creation of the Jhelum river according to Hindu theology]]

According to Hindu [[puranas]], the goddess [[Parvati]] was requested by the sage [[Kashyapa]] to come to [[Kashmir]] to purify the land from the evil practices and impurities of the [[Pishacha|pishachas]] living there. Parvati assumed the form of a river in the [[Patala|netherworld]]. Her consort [[Shiva]] struck with his spear near the abode of Nila, ([[Verinag#Verinag Spring and Mughal Garden|Verinag spring]]). With this stroke of the spear, Parvati emerged from the netherworld. He excavated a ditch measuring one ''vitasti'' using the spear,<ref>(a particular measure of length defined either as a long span between the extended thumb and little finger, or as the distance between the wrist and the tip of the fingers, and said to be about 9 inches</ref> through which the river, originating from the netherworld, came out, and so he gave her the name ''Vitástā''.<ref>[[Nilamata Purana]] English Translation by Dr. [[Ved Kumari Ghai]], verses 247–261.</ref>

The [[Ancient Greece|ancient Greeks]] also regarded the river as a [[Greek water deities|god]], as they did most mountains and streams. The poet [[Nonnus]] in the ''[[Dionysiaca]]''<ref>section 26, line 350</ref> calls the ''Hydaspes'' a [[Titan (mythology)|titan]]-descended god, the son of the sea-god [[Thaumas]] and the cloud-goddess [[Pleiades (Greek mythology)|Elektra]], the brother of [[Iris (mythology)|Iris]], goddess of the [[rainbow]], and half-brother to the [[Harpy|harpies]], the snatching winds. Since the river is in a foreign country, it is not clear whether they named the river after the god, or whether the god ''Hydaspes'' was named after the river.

==Course==

=== Present course ===
The river Jhelum rises from Verinag spring at the foot of the [[Pir Panjal]] in the southeastern Kashmir Valley administered by India. It is joined by its tributaries 
* [[Lidder River]] near village Mirgund at [[Khanabal]] 
* [[Veshaw River]] at Sangam in [[Anantnag]] 
* [[Sind River]] at Shadipora
* [[Pohru River]] at [[Doabgah]] in [[Sopore]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. 
It flows through [[Srinagar]] and [[Wular Lake]] before entering Pakistan-administered Kashmir through a deep narrow gorge. The [[Neelum River|Kishanganga River/Neelum River]], the largest tributary of the Jhelum, joins it at [[Domel]], [[Muzaffarabad]], as does the next largest, the [[Kunhar River]] of [[Kaghan Valley]]. It is then joined by the [[Poonch River]], and flows into the [[Mangla Dam]] reservoir in the [[Mirpur District]]. The Jhelum enters [[Punjab, Pakistan|Pakistani Punjab]] in the [[Jhelum District]]. From there, it flows through the plains of Pakistan's Punjab, forming the boundary between the [[Jech Doab|Jech]] and [[Sindh Sagar Doab]]s. It ends in a confluence with the [[Chenab River]] at [[Trimmu]] in the [[Jhang District]]. The Chenab merges with the [[Sutlej]] to form the [[Panjnad River]], which joins the [[Indus River]] at [[Mithankot]].

Most of the villages and important cities of Kashmir valley are situated on the banks of Jhelum.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=District Survey Report On Kashmir |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3f4b9ec30ad9f68f89b29639786cb62ef/uploads/2018/11/2018112886.pdf |journal=District Survey Report |access-date=13 February 2022 |archive-date=14 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214235016/https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3f4b9ec30ad9f68f89b29639786cb62ef/uploads/2018/11/2018112886.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Historical course ===
The Jhelum may have once flowed in a southeastern direction into the Chenab valley, which is the opposite of its present course.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Krishnan |first=M. S. |title=Geology of India and Burma |publisher=Higginbothams |year=1956 |edition=3rd |pages=22–25 |chapter=The Indus System}}</ref> Some evidence of this is that some of the present tributaries of the Jhelum join it in a direction opposite to the present course of the river and the greater topographical maturity of the Chenab valley compared to the Jhelum valley.<ref name=":0" />

==Lakes==
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* [[Wular Lake]]
* [[Dal Lake]]
* [[Manasbal Lake]]
* [[Gangabal Lake]]
* [[Nigeen Lake]]
* [[Anchar Lake]]
* [[Khanpursar]]
* [[Gil Sar]]
* [[Ahansar Lake]]
* [[ Khurwan Sar ]]
}}

==Infrastructure ==

===Bridges===

* Victoria Bridge, [[Haranpur]], constructed in 1973, approximate 5&nbsp;km from [[Malakwal]] near [[Chak Nizam]] village. Its length is 1&nbsp;km, mainly used by [[Pakistan Railways]], but there is a passage for light vehicles, motorcycles, cycles and pedestrians on one side.

===Dams===
{{see also | Indus_River#Barrages,_bridges,_levees_and_dams | l1 = Dams on Indus | Jhelum_River#Dams | l2= Dams on Jhelum | Chenab_River#Dams | l3= Dams on Chenab | Ravi_River#Dams | l4= Dams on Ravi | Beas_River#Dams | l5= Dams on Beas| Sutlej_River#Dams | l6= Dams on Sutlej}}

Listed in the order of upstream to downstream.

====India====

The river has rich power generation potential in India. Water control structures are being built as a result of the [[Indus Basin Project]], including the following:

* On Jhelum
** [[Kishanganga Hydroelectric Plant|Kishanganga Hydroelectric Power Project]], 330 MW, in [[Bandipore|Bandipora]] district, completed in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NHPC Limited : Projects : Power Stations : Kishanganga |url=http://www.nhpcindia.com/Default.aspx?id=186&lg=eng&CatId=1&ProjectId=32 |access-date=14 February 2021 |website=www.nhpcindia.com}}</ref> In May 2025, after suspending [[Indus Water Treaty|IWT]], India has decided to significantly increase the capacity of the Kishanganga Project.<ref name=expandp1>[https://www.msn.com/hi-in/news/india/%E0%A4%B8-%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7-%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D-%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%9C-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9-%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88-%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%B8-%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B5-%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%B8/ar-AA1F8u6j?ocid=msedgntp&pc=U531&cvid=bba154bf80c34f52bce04cfd6624dfb5&ei=33 सिंधु जल संधि का क्‍या हश्र करने जा रही है मोदी सरकार? किसानों से संवाद में इरादे का खुलासा], MSN.com, 20 May 2025.</ref>

** [[Uri Dam#U1S1|Uri-I Stage-I Hydroelectric Power Project]], 480 MW, in [[Baramulla]] district, completed in 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NHPC Limited : Projects : Power Stations : Uri – I |url=http://www.nhpcindia.com/Default.aspx?id=186&lg=eng&CatId=1&ProjectId=27 |access-date=14 February 2021 |website=www.nhpcindia.com |archive-date=5 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405155036/http://www.nhpcindia.com/Default.aspx?id=186&lg=eng&CatId=1&ProjectId=27 |url-status=live }}</ref>

** [[Uri Dam#U1S2|Uri-I Stage-II Hydroelectric Power Project]], 240 MW, in Baramulla district, under tendering in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NHPC Limited : Projects : Power Stations : Uri-II |url=http://www.nhpcindia.com/Default.aspx?id=186&lg=eng&CatId=1&ProjectId=14 |access-date=14 February 2021 |website=www.nhpcindia.com |archive-date=30 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030065520/http://www.nhpcindia.com/Default.aspx?id=186&lg=eng&CatId=1&ProjectId=14 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=ur3>[https://www.msn.com/hi-in/news/india/%E0%A4%AA-%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%97-%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%97-%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9-%E0%A4%AA-%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%AD-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%96-%E0%A4%B8-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%8F-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%AB-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8/ar-AA1GtT2T?ocid=msedgntp&pc=U531&cvid=4bd0551e275a4787a99f76d9247fb3b4&ei=21 पानी को लेकर गिड़गिड़ा रहा पाक, इधर भारत ने बना लिया खास प्लान; नए प्रोजेक्ट्स में स्टोरेज पर फोकस], MSN, 11 June 2025.</ref> 

* On tributaries of Jhelum
** Owari Nag Nallah 
*** Karnah Hydroelectric Power Project, 12 MW, at village Haridal (Pingla Haridal) in the Kupwara district. 53% complete in October 2023.<ref name=updtjh1>[https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1988259 Energy deficit in J&K down from 17.8% during 2018-19 to 1.5% up to November 2023 during 2023-24: Union Minister for Power and New & Renewable Energy], PIB, 9 Dec 2023.</ref>

** [[Kalnai River]]
*** [[Kalnai_River#Dams|Lower Kalnai Hydroelectric Project]], 48 MW, at [[Donadi]] in Doda district,<ref name="k952">{{cite web | last=Excelsior | first=Daily | title=Hanging fate of Lower Kalnai power project | website=[[Daily Excelsior]] | date=24 February 2022 |url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/hanging-fate-of-lower-kalnai-power-project/ | access-date=10 July 2023}}</ref> under-construction stalled project expedited in April 2025 after the termination of IWT.<ref name=stat1>[https://www.timesnownews.com/business-economy/economy/indus-waters-treaty-suspended-modi-government-fast-tracks-five-major-hydropower-projects-in-jammu-kashmir-details-here-article-151516416 Indus Waters Treaty Suspended: Modi Government Fast-Tracks Five Major Hydropower Projects in Jammu & Kashmir - Details Here], timesnownews.com, 28 Apr 2025.</ref>

** [[Sind River]]
*** [[Sind_River#Dam|Upper Sind Hydroelectric Project 1st]] at Sumbal in Bandipora district, 22.6 MW, completed in 1973.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2010/Apr/27/upper-sindh-partially-resumes-generation-88.asp|title=Upper Sindh partially resumes generation|publisher=greaterkashmir.com|access-date=2010-04-27}}</ref> 

*** [[Sind_River#Dam|Upper Sind Hydroelectric Project 2nd]], 127.6 MW, at Kangan in Ganderbal district, completed in 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2009/Sep/15/upper-sindh-project-still-not-working-72.asp|title=Upper Sindh Project still not working|publisher=greaterkashmir.com|access-date=2009-09-15}}</ref> 

*** Lower Sind Hydroelectric Power project at Ganderbal in Ganderbal district, 15 MW (produced only 2MW due to reduced flow), completed in 1955.<ref>[https://ganderbal.nic.in/about-district Genderbal district], ganderbal.nic.in, accessed 18 May 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.greaterkashmir.com/front-page-2/ganderbals-15-mw-hydel-plant-now-producing-just-2-mw Ganderbal’s 15 MW hydel plant now producing just 2 MW], greaterkashmir.com, 27 Dec 2024.</ref>

====Pakistan====

* [[Karot Hydropower Project]], 720 MW, concrete-core rockfill gravity large dam in Pakistan was completed in 2022.<ref name="A">{{Cite web|date=2022-07-01|title=CPEC's Karot Hydropower Plant put into 'full commercial operation'|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2364053/cpecs-karot-hydropower-plant-put-into-full-commercial-operation|access-date=2022-07-01|website=The Express Tribune|language=en}}</ref>

* [[Mangla Dam]], 1070 MW, 7278 MCM, completed in 1967, is one of the largest [[Embankment dam|earth-fill]] dams in the world.

* [[Rasul Barrage]], 22 MW, constructed in 1967, has a maximum flow of 850,000&nbsp;ft³/s (24,000 m³/s).

* [[Trimmu|Trimmu Barrage]], 1263 MW, constructed in 1939 20&nbsp;km from Jhang city at the confluence with the Chenab, has maximum discharge capacity of 645,000&nbsp;ft³/s (18,000 m³/s).

===Canals===

* Pakistan 
** [[Upper Jhelum Canal]] runs from [[Mangla Dam]] to the [[Chenab River|Chenab]].
** [[Rasul-Qadirabad Link Canal]]<!--NOTE: retain REDLINK to ENCOURAGE ARTICLE CREATION.--> 
** [[Chashma-Jhelum Link Canal]]<!--NOTE: retain REDLINK to ENCOURAGE ARTICLE CREATION.--> runs from the [[Chashma Barrage]] on the [[Indus River]] to the Jhelum river.

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Jhelum river, Baramullah, Kashmir, 1880s.jpg|Jhelum river, Baramullah, Kashmir, 1880s
File:Jhelum River abt 1900.jpg|Jhelum River c. 1900; photo taken by Eugene Whitehead Esq.
File:Crossing the boiling floods of Jhelum River by a bridge of one raw-hide rope, at Uri in Jammu and Kashmir (c. 1903).jpg|Jhelum River at [[Uri, Jammu and Kashmir|Uri]] in [[Kashmir]], 1903
File:Bridge made of three ropes across the Jhelum river.jpg|[[Rope Bridge]] at [[Karli, India|Karli]], 1908
File:Srinagar (Kashmir), 1969, bridge over the Jelhum river..jpg|Bridge over the river, [[Srinagar]], 1969
File:Jehlum River Muzaffarabad best view.jpg|Jhelum river near [[Muzaffarabad]] (2014)
File:Jhelum River (Muzaffarabad) 11.jpg|File:River Jehlum, Muzaffarabad
File:Jehlum- River Muzaffarabad.jpg|Near Muzaffarabad, 2014
File:Jhalum river water fall at verinag.JPG|The Jhelum at [[Verinag]], 2014
File:Jhelum River Bridge.JPG|Jhelum River at [[Jhelum]] City, 2005
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* [[Rivers of Jammu and Kashmir]]
* [[List of rivers of Pakistan]]
* [[Beas River]]
* [[Indus River]]
* [[Kalnai River]]
* [[Ravi River]]
* [[Satluj River]]
* [[Chenab River]]
}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|45em|group="Note"}}
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|40em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.livius.org/ja-jn/jhelum/hydaspes.html Livius.org pictures of the Hydaspes] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014084608/http://www.livius.org/ja-jn/jhelum/hydaspes.html |date=14 October 2013 }}

{{PunjabGeography}}
{{Kashmir Valley}}
{{Five rivers of the Punjab}}
{{Hydrography of Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Waters of India}}
{{Waters of Pakistan}}
{{Waters of South Asia}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:River gods in Greek mythology]]
[[Category:Rivers of Azad Kashmir]]
[[Category:Rivers of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Indus River]]
[[Category:International rivers of Asia]]
[[Category:Jhelum]]
[[Category:Jhelum District]]
[[Category:Rigvedic rivers]]
[[Category:Rivers in Buddhism]]
[[Category:Rivers of Punjab, Pakistan]]

[[pa:ਜੇਹਲਮ]]