View source for Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership

{{short description|Jewish US gun rights organization}}
{{redirect|JPFO|the Jewish section of the [[International Workers Order|IWO]]|Jewish People's Fraternal Order}}
{{primary sources|date=May 2021}}
{{POV|date=August 2023}}

{{Infobox organization 
| name = Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership
| image = JPFO organization logo.jpg
| caption = JPFO logo (2018)
| formation = {{start date and age|1989}}
| membership = 7,000 <sub>(as of 2011)</sub>
| headquarters = [[Bellevue, Washington]]
| tax_id = 39-1732344<ref name= 990-2016>"[http://www.guidestar.org/FinDocuments/2016/391/732/2016-391732344-0da0d55e-9.pdf Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax]". ''Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership''. [[Guidestar]]. December 31, 2016.</ref> 
| status = [[501(c)(3)]] [[nonprofit organization]]
| employees = 0<ref name= 990-2016/>
| employees_year = 2016
| volunteers = 12<ref name= 990-2016/>
| volunteers_year = 2016
| leader_name = Alan M. Gottlieb<ref name= 990-2016/>
| leader_title = [[President (corporation)|President]], [[Board of Directors|Director]]
| revenue = $127,851<ref name= 990-2016/>
| revenue_year = 2016
| expenses = $79,336<ref name= 990-2016/>
| expenses_year = 2016
| founder = Aaron S. Zelman
| website = {{URL|http://www.jpfo.org/}}
}}

'''Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership''' ('''JPFO''') is a [[501(c)(3)]] [[nonprofit organization]] dedicated to the preservation of [[gun rights]] in the United States and to encourage Americans to understand, uphold, and defend "all of the [[United States Bill of Rights|Bill of Rights]] for all Citizens."<ref name="What Is Bill of Rights Day">JPFO "[http://jpfo.org/filegen-a-m/jpfobor.htm What Is Bill of Rights Day?]"</ref> The group was founded by U.S. Navy veteran, former [[Federal firearms license|federally licensed]] gun dealer, and author [[Aaron S. Zelman]] in 1989. Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership recognizes the [[Second Amendment to the United States Constitution|Second Amendment]] as protecting a pre-existing natural law right of individuals to keep and bear arms. It is based in [[Bellevue, Washington]].<ref>[http://jpfo.org/filegen-a-m/about.htm JPFO: ''About JPFO''] Retrieved 2012-12-16</ref>

Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership takes the position that an armed citizenry is the population's last line of defense against tyranny by their own government.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Gregg Lee Carter|author=Samuel C. Wheeler III|article=Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership (JPFO)|title=Guns in American Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oD46JBOhMU0C&pg=PA455 |year=2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-38670-1|pages=455–456}}</ref><ref>Horwitz, Joshua and Anderson, Casey. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=9qDIamIBC90C&pg=PA137 Guns, Democracy, and the Insurrectionist Idea]'', p. 137 (University of Michigan Press, 2009).</ref>  The organization is noted for producing materials (bumper stickers, posters, billboards, booklets, videos, etc.) with messages that equate gun control with [[totalitarianism]], often through the [[Nazi gun control argument]]. The most famous of these are the "All in favor of Gun Control raise your right hand" materials, which features a drawing of [[Adolf Hitler]] giving a [[Nazi salute]].<ref>[http://shop.jpfo.org/cart.php?m=product_detail&p=78 JPFO online store: ''Raise Your Right Hand poster''] Retrieved 2012-12-16</ref> The organization also attempts to prove that [[genocide]] is linked to [[gun control]], by showing that most countries where a genocide has taken place had gun control first.<ref>[http://www.jpfo.org/filegen-a-m/deathgc.htm JPFO: ''The Human Cost of "Gun Control" Ideas''] Retrieved 2012-12-16</ref>

Members are not required to be [[Jew]]ish. The only membership requirement is that you must be a "law-abiding citizen," by "obeying the Bill of Rights."<ref>[http://www.jpfo.org/filegen-a-m/member.htm JPFO: ''JPFO Membership Information''] Retrieved 2012-12-16</ref>

== History ==
In 2010, JPFO Founder Aaron Zelman issued an open letter to NRA Board of Directors member Ted Nugent, titled "The Day I'll join the NRA.<ref>Zelman, Aaron S. (2010). "[http://jpfo.org/articles-assd02/nugent-open-letter.htm The Day I'll Join the NRA.]" JPFO</ref>"

Zelman died on December 21, 2010, age 64.<ref>[http://www.arrangeonline.com/obituary/obituary.asp?ObituaryID=69648006 National Obituary Archive: ''Aaron S. Zelman''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707163927/http://www.arrangeonline.com/obituary/obituary.asp?ObituaryID=69648006 |date=2011-07-07 }} Retrieved 2012-12-16</ref><ref>[http://jpfo.org/tribute.htm JPFO: ''In Memorian: Aaron Zelman''] Retrieved 2012-12-16</ref>

The JPFO David & Goliath Award, created in 2011, is given to individuals or groups who advocate for firearms ownership. Recipients include: David Codrea and Mike Vanderboegh, the investigative reporters who broke the [[Fast And Furious Scandal|Fast and Furious]]<ref>Sharyl Attkisson (February 12, 2018) "[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/a-primer-on-the-fast-and-furious-scandal/ A primer on the 'Fast and Furious' scandal]" CBS News</ref> scandal (2011);<ref>Ammoland (October 3, 2011) "[https://www.ammoland.com/2011/10/mike-vanderboegh-david-codrea-awarded-jpfos-david-and-goliath-award-2011/#axzz5TtI1cX00 Mike Vanderboegh & David Codrea Awarded JPFO’s David and Goliath Award]" Ammoland Gun Rights News</ref> [[Emily J. Miller|Emily Miller]], the Washington Times columnist who documented Washington, D.C.’s reluctance to obey its own gun laws (2013);<ref>Emily Miller (February 8th, 2012) "[https://www.washingtontimes.com/blog/guns/2012/feb/8/miller-emily-got-her-gun/ Emily got her gun!]" Washington Times</ref><ref>Ammoland (September 30, 2013) "[https://www.ammoland.com/2013/09/jpfo-presents-emily-miller-with-david-goliath-award/#axzz5TtI1cX00 JPFO Presents Emily Miller with David & Goliath Award]" Ammoland Featured Articles</ref> [[Stephen Halbrook|Stephen P. Halbrook]], Ph.D., the author and attorney who linked Nazi gun confiscations directly to the Holocaust (2014):<ref>Audrey D. Kline (August 21, 2014) "[https://mises.org/library/gun-control-third-reich-disarming-jews-and-enemies-state-stephen-p-halbrook Gun Control in the Third Reich: Disarming the Jews and Enemies of the State]" Mises Institute</ref> and [[Kyle Kashuv]], [[Stoneman Douglas High School shooting|Stoneman Douglas High School mass murder]] survivor and [[Second Amendment to the United States Constitution|Second Amendment rights]] activist (2018).<ref>Ammoland (October 8. 2018) "[https://www.ammoland.com/2018/10/parkland-high-school-survivor-receives-david-goliath-award/#axzz5TtI1cX00 Parkland High School Survivor Receives David & Goliath Award]" Ammoland Gun Rights News</ref>

Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership has been highly critical of the [[Anti-Defamation League|Anti-Defamation League (ADL)]]. In pamphlets such as "Why Does the ADL Support Nazi-Based Laws?"<ref>[http://www.jpfo.org/alerts/alert20070920.htm JPFO: "Why Does the ADL Support Nazi-Based Laws?"] Retrieved 2012-12-16</ref> and "JPFO Facts vs. ADL Lies,"<ref>[http://jpfo.org/filegen-a-m/jpfacts.htm JPFO: "JPFO Facts vs. ADL Lies."] Retrieved 2012-12-16</ref> the JPFO has accused the ADL of undermining the welfare of the Jewish people. In response, [[Abraham Foxman]], National Director of the Anti-Defamation League, wrote about the JPFO, "[[Anti-Semitism]] has a long and painful history, and the linkage to gun control is a tactic by Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership to manipulate the fear of anti-Semitism toward their own end... It is a campaign that has been viewed with concern by many in the Jewish community."<ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE7D6123CF932A15756C0A963958260  Abraham Foxman, ADL, in New York Times opinion piece, May 16, 1995: "N.R.A. Doesn't Represent George Bush or Even Most Members; Jewish Pro-Gun Group."] Retrieved 2012-12-16</ref>

In 2016, JPFO launched the "Don't Inspire Evil Initiative<ref>JPFO "[http://jpfo.org/articles-2016/korwin-media-initiative.htm Amendment to Journalism Ethics Proposed.]"</ref>", a proposal that urges journalists "to refrain from gratuitous or repetitious portrayal of mass murderers' names and images."

Modeled after the [[Doomsday Clock]], JPFO's "Gun Confiscation Clock<ref>JPFO "[http://jpfo.org/alerts2017/alert20170814.htm Gun Confiscation Clock Moves Closer to Midnight.]"</ref>" tracks what JPFO sees as the threat to Americans' right to keep and bear arms.

In 2018, JPFO advisory board member Dov Marhoffer, a [[Holocaust]] [[Concentration Camp|concentration camp]] survivor, penned an [[op-ed]] titled "Never Again<ref>Dov Marhoffer (July 11, 2018) "[http://www.jewishaz.com/opinion/never-again-belongs-to-the-holocaust-not-to-the-movement/article_244c47fa-8542-11e8-a7cb-4bb851136f69.html ‘Never again’ belongs to the Holocaust, not to the movement for gun control]" Jewish News</ref><ref>Dov Marhoffer (July 17, 2018) "[http://www.sdjewishworld.com/2018/07/17/oped-never-again-should-be-reserved-for-holocaust/ Never Again should be reserved for Holocaust]" [[San Diego Jewish World]]</ref>" calling attention to what JPFO believes to be an appropriate historical understanding and context of the [[motto]]. In the piece, Marhoffer sees alternative usage of the motto promoting gun control as inappropriate.

==Political positions==
{{see also|Nazi gun control argument|Gun politics in Germany}}
Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership claims that parts of the text of the [[Gun Control Act of 1968]] were translated from Nazi legislation.<ref>[http://jpfo.org/filegen-a-m/GCA_68.htm JPFO: ''"Gun Control’s" Nazi Connection''] Retrieved 2012-12-16</ref> The [[Gun legislation in Germany#Hitler.27s partial relaxation of gun control on government workers in Nazi Germany|German Weapons Law]], which existed before the Nazis came to power in 1933, was altered on 18 March 1938 by the Nazi Government. The JPFO's claim is based in part on the fact that the 1968 GCA introduces the "sporting purpose" test to distinguish different types of weapons, similar to the "sporting purpose" test that existed in the German law in question. Senator Thomas Dodd was a prosecutor at the [[Nuremberg Trials]] and had reviewed copies of the Nazi Germany firearms laws, and in 1968 requested translations of these from the Library of Congress.

[[Bernard Harcourt]], professor at the [[University of Chicago Law School]], in discussing this fundamental proposition advanced by the JPFO, notes, "[O]n January 13th, 1919, the Reichstag enacted legislation requiring surrender of all guns to the government. This law, as well as the August 7, 1920, ''Law on the Disarmament of the People'' passed in light of the Versailles Treaty, remained in effect until 1928, when the German parliament enacted the ''Law on Firearms and Ammunition'' (April 12, 1928)—a law which relaxed gun restrictions and put into effect a strict firearm licensing scheme."<ref>[http://www.law.uchicago.edu/faculty/harcourt/harcourt_fordham.pdf Bernard E. Harcourt, April 5, 2004: ''Hitler and Gun Registration''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071126220900/http://www.law.uchicago.edu/faculty/harcourt/harcourt_fordham.pdf |date=November 26, 2007 }} Retrieved 2012-12-16</ref> Harcourt continued, "To be sure, the Nazis were intent on killing Jewish persons and used the gun laws and regulations to further the genocide", but he concluded that the firearms laws were not central to implementing the Holocaust.

Attorney and author [[Stephen Halbrook]], in his law article "Nazi Firearms Law and the Disarming of the German Jews", asserts that German arms laws were extremely lax, and even under the 1920 "Law on the Disarmament of the People", only items such as grenades and machineguns were banned and small arms such as rifles and pistols remained in common use.<ref name=Halbrook>[http://www.stephenhalbrook.com/article-nazilaw.pdf Stephen Halbrook, 17 Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law, 2000: ''Nazi Firearms Law and the Disarming of the German Jews''] Retrieved 2012-12-16</ref> Valery Polozov, a former advisor to the committee on national security in the Russian Duma, claims in his book "Firearms in Civil Society" that Germany did not in fact have comprehensive gun control legislation up until 1928, which created the legal framework later built upon by the Nazis. Halbrook did clarify in the first sentences of his article that, "Gun control laws are depicted as benign and historically progressive. However, German firearm laws and hysteria created against Jewish firearm owners played a major role in laying the groundwork for the eradication of German Jewry in the Holocaust."<ref name=Halbrook />

== Activities ==
JPFO publishes for its membership the "Bill of Rights Sentinel,<ref>JPFO "[http://jpfo.org/filegen-n-z2/sentinel-archive.htm Bill of Rights Sentinel Archive.]"</ref>" a quarterly newsletter, with a masthead featuring the motto, "All the Bill of Rights for All Citizens."

JPFO's Rabbinic Directors, providing guidance on Judaism and firearms, include Rabbi R. Mermelstein<ref>Mermelstein, Rabbi R. (April 11, 2001). "[http://jpfo.org/alerts/alert20010411.htm Redefining Hypocrisy and Chutzpah.]" JPFO.</ref> and Rabbi Dovid Bendory.<ref>Bendory, Rabbi Dovid (Archives) "[http://jpfo.org/rabbi/rabbi-archive.htm Rabbi Bendory's Archive Page.]" JPFO</ref>

JPFO founder Aaron Zelman encouraged Americans to celebrate Bill of Rights Day<ref name="What Is Bill of Rights Day"/> (December 15).

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{official web site|http://www.jpfo.org/}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NwqHeh-Fckw Interview with Jay Simpkin] (Research Director at JPFO) on the [[G. Gordon Liddy| G. Gordon Liddy Show]]

{{USgunorgs}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jews For The Preservation Of Firearms Ownership}}
[[Category:Jewish-American political organizations]]
[[Category:Gun rights advocacy groups in the United States]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1989]]