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{{Short description|Judaic spiritual movement}}
{{Jews and Judaism sidebar|denominations}}
{{other uses}}
{{NewThought}}
'''Jewish Science''' is a [[Judaism|Judaic]] spiritual [[new religious movement|movement]] comparable to the [[New Thought Movement]].  Many of its members also attend services at conventional [[synagogue]]s.<ref name="jweekly.com">{{cite magazine | last=Horowitz | first=Sarah | url=https://jweekly.com/1998/01/16/jewish-science-groups-explore-karma-reincarnation/ <!-- https://web.archive.org/web/20060321164425/http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/7792/edition_id/148/format/html/displaystory.html --> | title=Jewish Science groups explore karma, reincarnation | magazine=Jewish Bulletin of Northern California | publisher=San Francisco Jewish Community Publications | date=16 January 1998}}</ref>

It is an interpretation of [[Jewish philosophy]] that was originally conceived by Rabbi [[Alfred Geiger Moses]] in the early 1900s in response to the growing influence of [[Christian Science]] and the New Thought Movement. Rather than the paternal God figure encountered  in [[Hebrew]] tradition, "Jewish Science views God as an energy or force penetrating the reality of the universe. God is the source of all reality, and not separate from but a real part of our world."{{r|jweekly.com}} His fundamental teachings are found in his 1916 book ''Jewish Science: Divine Healing in Judaism''. The movement was institutionalized in 1922<!-- according to two of the references quoted below --> with Rabbi [[Morris Lichtenstein]]'s founding of the Society of Jewish Science.{{sfn|Umansky|2005|p=104}}

==History==
Thanks to radio broadcasts on [[WMCA (AM)|WMCA]] and the establishment of the ''Jewish Science Interpreter'' [[magazine]] the movement attracted numerous adherents, thereby helping its rise to prominence in the Jewish community.

In 1938, [[Tehilla Lichtenstein]] became the spiritual leader of the Society of Jewish Science in New York, making her the first Jewish American woman to serve as the spiritual leader of an ongoing Jewish congregation, although she was not ordained.<ref name="tehilla">{{cite web|url=http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/lichtenstein-tehillah |title=Tehilla Lichtenstein {{pipe}} Jewish Women's Archive |publisher=Jewish Women's Archive |access-date=2012-07-23}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1938">{{cite web |url=http://jwa.org/thisweek/dec/04/1938/tehilla-lichtenstein |title=This Week in History - Tehilla Lichtenstein becomes leader of Society of Jewish Science &#124; Jewish Women's Archive |publisher=Jwa.org |date=1938-12-04 |accessdate=2012-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101050518/http://jwa.org/thisweek/dec/04/1938/tehilla-lichtenstein |archive-date=2013-11-01 |url-status=live }}</ref> 

Currently, the Society's "Home Center" and synagogue is located in midtown Manhattan, New York.{{cn|date=January 2022}} The Society also maintains a congregation in Los Angeles California, and many study groups around the country which focus on each of the main texts of Jewish Science.{{r|jweekly.com}}

==Affirmative prayer==
{{New Thought beliefs}}
Jewish Science leader [[Morris Lichtenstein]] found [[affirmative prayer]] to be particularly useful because, he believed, it provided the personal benefits of prayer without requiring the belief in a supernatural God who could suspend the laws of nature.{{sfn|Umansky|2005|p=104}} He considered affirmative prayer to be a method to access inner power that could be considered divine, but not supernatural. He taught that the origins of affirmative prayer can be found in the Hebrew Bible's Book of [[Psalms]], and that affirmations, or affirmative prayers, are best offered in silence.{{sfn|Umansky|2005|p=104}}

==See also==
* [[Divine Science]]
* [[List of New Thought writers]]
* [[List of New Thought denominations and independent centers]]
* [[Religious Science]]
* [[Unity Church]]

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==

=== Primary sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book | date=1916 | last=Moses | first=Alfred G. | title=Jewish Science: Divine healing in Judaism | publisher=Author | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_AbCV5bkCIEC}}
* {{cite book | date=1920 | last=Moses | first=Alfred G. | title=Jewish Science: Psychology of Health, Joy and Success: Or, The Applied Psychology of Judaism | publisher=Searcy & Pfaff | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c_stAAAAYAAJ}}
* {{cite book | date=1925 | last=Lichtenstein | first=Morris | title=Jewish Science and Health: Text book of Jewish Science | publisher=Jewish Science Publishing Company | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kL0sAAAAIAAJ |isbn=0-943745-00-4}}
* {{cite book | date=1927 | last=Lichtenstein | first=Morris | title=Peace of Mind: Jewish Science Essays | publisher=Jewish Science Publishing Company | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4_MGAQAAIAAJ |isbn=0-943745-01-2}}
* {{cite book | date=1934 | last=Lichtenstein | first=Morris | title=Judaism: A presentation of its essence and a suggestion for its preservation | publisher=Jewish Science Publishing Company | isbn=978-0-943745-03-9}}
* {{cite book | date=1938 | last=Lichtenstein | first=Morris | title=Joy of Life: Jewish Science Essays | publisher=Jewish Science Publishing Company | isbn=0-943745-04-7}}
* {{cite book | date=1957 | last=Lichtenstein | first=Morris |title=How to Live | publication-place=New York |publisher=Society of Jewish Science |isbn=978-0-943745-02-2}}
* {{cite book | date=1974 | last=Lichtenstein | first=Morris | title=The Healing of the Soul | publisher=Society of Jewish Science | isbn=978-0-943745-05-3}}
* {{cite book | date=1989 | last1=Lichtenstein | first1=Tehilla | last2=Friedman | first2=Doris | title=Applied Judaism: Selected Jewish Science Essays | publisher=Society of Jewish Science |isbn=978-0-943745-08-4}}
* {{cite book | date=1998 | last1=Lichtenstein | first1=Morris | last2=Kaplan | first2=Steven J. | title=Healing the Distressed: A Jewish Approach | publisher=Society of Jewish Science | isbn=978-0-943745-13-8}}
{{refend}}

=== Secondary sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book | last=Umansky | first=Ellen M. | date=2005 | title=From Christian Science to Jewish Science: Spiritual Healing and American Jews | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=978-0-19-504400-3 | doi=10.1093/0195044002.001.0001}}
{{refend}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite magazine | last=Joselit |first=Jenna Weissman | title=Prayer Fare: A Look Back at 'Jewish Science' | magazine=The Forward | issn=1051-340X | date=4 February 2005 | url=https://forward.com/news/2890/prayer-fare-a-look-back-at-e2-80-98jewish-science-e2-80-99/ | access-date=26 September 2023}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [http://www.appliedjudaism.org/ Society of Jewish Science]
* [http://www.irenedanon.com/jsindex.htm California society of Jewish Science]

{{Jews and Judaism}}

[[Category:Jewish religious movements]]
[[Category:Jewish new religious movements]]
[[Category:New Thought denominations]]
[[Category:Jewish organizations established in 1922]]