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{{Short description|American basketball player and author (born 1940)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox basketball biography
| name = Jerry Lucas
| image = Jerry Lucas 1961.jpeg
| width = 
| caption = Lucas in 1961
| height_ft = 6
| height_in = 8
| weight_lb = 230
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1940|3|30}}
| birth_place = [[Middletown, Ohio]], U.S.
| high_school = [[Middletown High School (Ohio)|Middletown]] (Middletown, Ohio)
| college = [[Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball|Ohio State]] (1959–1962)
| draft_round =
| draft_pick = [[NBA territorial pick|territorial pick]]
| draft_year = 1962
| draft_team = [[Cincinnati Royals]]
| career_position = [[Power forward]]
| career_number = 16, 47, 32
| career_start = 1962
| career_end = 1974
| years1 = {{nbay|1963|start}}–{{nbay|1969|start}}
| team1 = [[Cincinnati Royals]]
| years2 = {{nbay|1969|start}}–{{nbay|1970|end}}
| team2 = [[San Francisco Warriors]]
| years3 = {{nbay|1971|start}}–{{nbay|1973|end}}
| team3 = [[New York Knicks]]
| highlights =
* [[NBA champion]] ({{nbafy|1973}})
* 7× [[NBA All-Star]] ({{nasg|1964}}–{{nasg|1969}}, {{nasg|1971}})
* [[NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award|NBA All-Star Game MVP]] ({{nasg|1965}})
* 3× [[All-NBA First Team]] ({{nbay|1964|end}}, {{nbay|1965|end}}, {{nbay|1967|end}})
* 2× [[All-NBA Second Team]] ({{nbay|1963|end}}, {{nbay|1966|end}})
* [[NBA Rookie of the Year Award|NBA Rookie of the Year]] ({{nbay|1963|end}})
* [[NBA All-Rookie First Team]] ({{nbay|1963|end}})
* [[NBA anniversary team]] ([[50 Greatest Players in NBA History|50th]], [[NBA 75th Anniversary Team|75th]])
* [[List of NCAA Men's Division I Basketball champions|NCAA champion]] ([[1960 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|1960]])
* 2× [[NCAA basketball tournament Most Outstanding Player|NCAA Final Four MOP]] ([[1960 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|1960]], [[1961 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|1961]])
* 2× Consensus [[List of U.S. men's college basketball national player of the year awards|national college player of the year]] (1961, 1962)
* 3× Consensus first-team [[NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans|All-American]] ([[1960 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans|1960]]–[[1962 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans|1962]])
* 2× [[List of NCAA Division I men's basketball season rebounding leaders|NCAA rebounding leader]] (1961, 1962)
* 3× First-team All-[[Big Ten Conference|Big Ten]] (1960–1962)
* No. 11 [[Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball#Retired numbers|retired by Ohio State Buckeyes]]
* 2× [[Mr. Basketball USA]] (1957, 1958)
* 2× First-team [[Parade All-America Boys Basketball Team|''Parade'' All-American]] (1957, 1958)
| stats_league = NBA
| stat1label = [[Point (basketball)|Points]]
| stat1value = 14,053 (17.0 ppg)
| stat2label = [[Rebound (basketball)|Rebounds]]
| stat2value = 12,942 (15.6 rpg)
| stat3label = [[Assist (basketball)|Assists]]
| stat3value = 2,732 (3.3 apg)
| HOF_player = jerry-lucas
| CBBASKHOF_year = 2006
| medaltemplates=
{{Medal|Sport|Men's [[basketball]]}}
{{MedalCountry | {{bk|United States}} }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Basketball at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Basketball at the 1960 Summer Olympics|1960 Rome]] | [[1960 United States men's Olympic basketball team|Team competition]]}}
}}
'''Jerry Ray Lucas''' (born March 30, 1940) is an American former [[basketball]] player. He was a nationally awarded high school player, national college star at [[Ohio State University]], and 1960 [[Olympic medal|gold medal Olympian]] and international player before later starring as a professional player in the [[National Basketball Association]] (NBA).

As a collegian, Lucas led the [[Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball|Ohio State Buckeyes]] to three straight [[NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|NCAA finals]] (1960–1962), winning the national championship in 1960, and finishing as runner-up in 1961 and 1962.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ncaa.com/history/basketball-men/d1 |title=NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship History |website=NCAA.com |access-date=July 14, 2020}}</ref> He is the only three-time Big Ten Basketball Player of the Year and was named the NCAA Player of the Year in 1961 and 1962 by the [[United States Basketball Writers Association]] (now [[Oscar Robertson Award]]), the [[Associated Press]], and the [[Sporting News|''Sporting News'']].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bigten.org/documents/2019/9/26/2019_20_Media_Guide_FINAL.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212020555/https://bigten.org/documents/2019/9/26/2019_20_Media_Guide_FINAL.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 12, 2019 |title=2019–2020 Big Ten Men's Basketball Media Guide |page=102 |access-date=July 14, 2020}}</ref> He was also named [[Sports Illustrated Sportsperson of the Year|''Sports Illustrated'' Sportsman of the Year]] in 1961.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jerry Lucas: Sports Illustrated's 1961 Sportsman of the Year |url=https://vault.si.com/vault/1962/01/08/jerry-lucas |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20221005221853/https://vault.si.com/vault/1962/01/08/jerry-lucas |archive-date=October 5, 2022 |access-date=December 5, 2025 |work=Sports Illustrated Vault {{!}} SI.com |language=en-us}}</ref>

As a professional, Lucas was named [[All-NBA First Team]] three times,<ref name=allnba>{{cite web |url=https://www.nba.com/history/awards/all-nba-team |title=Year-by-year All-NBA Teams |date=May 23, 2019 |website=NBA.com |access-date=July 10, 2020}}</ref> [[All-NBA Second Team]] twice,<ref name=allnba/> an [[NBA All-Star]] seven times (including six years in a row),<ref name=nbaref>{{cite web |url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/l/lucasje01.html |title=Jerry Lucas |website=basketball-reference.com |access-date=July 10, 2020}}</ref> was the 1964 NBA Rookie of the Year,<ref name=nbaroy>{{cite web |url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/roy.html |title=NBA & ABA Rookie of the Year Award Winners |website=basketball-reference.com |access-date=July 10, 2020}}</ref> and was named Most Valuable Player of the 1965 [[NBA All-Star Game]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nba.com/history/all-star/1965 |title=1965 NBA All-Star recap |author=NBA.com Staff |date=August 24, 2017 |website=NBA.com |access-date=July 10, 2020}}</ref> among other honors and awards. He is one of eight players to ever achieve the [[Triple Crown (American basketball)|basketball Triple Crown]], and was inducted to the [[Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame]] in 1980.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hoophall.com/hall-of-famers/jerry-lucas/ |title=Jerry R. Lucas |website=hoophall.com |access-date=July 10, 2020}}</ref>

==Early life==
Jerry Ray Lucas was born on March 30, 1940, in [[Middletown, Ohio]], a community of 30,000+ halfway between [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]] and [[Cincinnati]]. Middletown then called itself "The Basketball Capital of Ohio", based on the success of the basketball teams from the town's one high school. The Middies had already won five Ohio state high school championships between 1945 and 1955 before Lucas ever played at Middletown High. Local support for the team was remarkably high in the early and mid-1950s. A tall youth, Lucas was encouraged to take up the game and soon dedicated himself to the town's game.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://middletownmiddiebasketball.com/tradition/jerry_lucas.html |title=The Streak – 50 years ago in Middletown, a streak began |date=December 19, 2005 |last=Trotter |first=Jake |access-date=November 12, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425161050/http://middletownmiddiebasketball.com/tradition/jerry_lucas.html |archive-date=April 25, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In addition to strong local support for Middletown High basketball, the city was also home to a remarkable summer outdoor basketball scene that had developed at Sunset Park. Previous Middletown players who had gone on to play at the college level had successfully recruited other college players to play there in the summer. By the time Lucas was age 15 in 1955, Sunset Park was one of the best summer basketball scenes in the region. By then, Lucas had also grown to 6'7" and had the opportunity to scrimmage against these college players, advancing his game greatly. Lucas was, in fact, outplaying college-level big men before he played his first game for Middletown High.{{Citation needed span|date=April 2021|}}

The budding basketball star had, by then, also started to display a remarkable, if unusual intelligence. A straight-A student with a penchant for memorizing his school work, Lucas had started to develop memory games for himself as early as age nine. One trick he would be known for was his ability to take words apart and reassemble them quickly in alphabetical order. "Basketball" became "aabbekllst". He also applied his intelligence successfully to his coaching in the game.

==High school==
Lucas started play at Middletown as a sophomore in the 1955–56 season. Even at 15, Lucas was a remarkable athlete who could play above the rim. His coach, Paul Walker, had already won three Ohio state champions at Middletown, and Lucas consistently found himself surrounded by strong teammates. As a sophomore, Lucas focused his game primarily on rebounding and passing, but still became a scoring star. Middletown's schedule often featured strong teams from Cincinnati, Dayton, and Columbus, but remained undefeated. A February game held at Cincinnati Gardens against rival Hamilton, itself a nearby former state champion, drew over 13,000 at a time when crowd sizes of that kind were uncommon at any level of the game. The two state powers repeated that feat there in 1958.

In addition to being an excellent rebounder, Lucas also made 60% of his shots from the floor and 75% of his free throws. Wearing number #13, he was often compared to Wilt Chamberlain during his high school years. The 1955–56 Middletown team went undefeated, winning the state championship, and the 1956–57 team did too. He suffered just one loss as a senior, a 63–62 defeat in a state semi-final game against Columbus North. That loss ended a state-record 76 game win streak. Lucas carried a 34-point scoring average through his high school years, and received national press when he surpassed Chamberlain's high school total in points.

Throughout Lucas' career Middletown continued playing top prep teams from around the state. At Cleveland Arena, 12,000 fans saw Lucas score 53 points as Middletown won 99–78 against the undefeated Cleveland East Tech team in the 1956 state playoffs.<ref name=ohsaa_bball/> In 1957, over 15,000 watched Middletown top Toledo Macomber in another state playoff game at Saint John Arena,<ref name=ohsaa_bball/> then the home floor of the Ohio State Buckeyes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ohiostatebuckeyes.com/sports/athletics/facilities/st-john-arena/ |title=St. John Arena |website=ohiostatebuckeyes.com |date=May 18, 2018 |access-date=July 30, 2020}}</ref> With this high level of exposure, Lucas received college scholarship offers from more than 150 schools, and was one of the most publicized American high school players when he graduated from high school in 1958. Lucas also threw the discus in track and field, finishing third at state in 1957,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ohsaa.org/Portals/0/Sports/Track-Field/pastresults/boys/TF_1957.pdf |title=1957 Ohio State Track Meet |page=2 |website=ohsaa.org |access-date=July 30, 2020}}</ref> and fifth at state in 1958.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ohsaa.org/Portals/0/Sports/Track-Field/pastresults/boys/TF_1958.pdf |title=1958 Ohio State Track Meet |page=2 |website=ohsaa.org |access-date=July 30, 2020}}</ref> Lucas was also a member of the National Honor Society.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nhs.us/about/famous-nhs-members/ |title=Famous NHS Members |website=nhs.us |date=February 23, 2017 |access-date=July 30, 2020}}</ref>

Lucas ended his high school career as Middletown's number one scorer with 2,460 points. In three years on the varsity he led the Middies to a 76–1 record, three state final fours (1956–1958), winning two state championships (1956 & 1957).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.richlandsource.com/sports/boys_basketball/boys-state-basketball-tourney-marks-50th-anniversary-of-ohios-greatest-team/article_eb73973a-3f59-11e9-bdeb-6bee17f25c84.html |title=Boys state basketball tourney marks 50th anniversary of Ohio's greatest team |first=Larry |last=Phillips |date=March 17, 2019 |access-date=July 16, 2020}}</ref><ref name=ohsaa_bball>{{cite web |url=https://ohsaa.org/Portals/0/Sports/Basketball-Boys/BBKAllTimeStateTournamentResults.pdf |title=OHSAA All-Time State Tournament Results |website=ohsaa.org |access-date=July 17, 2020}}</ref>

==College career==
[[File:Ohio jerrylucas 1960.jpg|thumb|150px|Lucas in action with Ohio State in 1960]]
Lucas was the subject of considerable recruiting interest while at Middletown, to such a degree that measures were taken to protect the privacy of Lucas and his family. When he announced for Ohio State, he became the center of a legendary recruiting class in 1958 that included two more future Hall of Famers in player [[John Havlicek]] and future coach [[Bob Knight]]. [[Mel Nowell]] joined the group as well, giving the group three future NBA players with Lucas and Havlicek. Buckeyes freshman coach Fred Taylor helped all four feel comfortable with coming to Ohio State and soon after he was promoted to head varsity coach. 
Lucas had insisted on an academic scholarship to Ohio State and would continue to be an A-student at the college level.<ref name="ESPN">[https://www.espn.com/classic/biography/s/lucas_jerry.html ESPN Classic – Lucas had a secret weapon, his mind<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In addition to publicized scrimmages against an 11–11 1958–59 Ohio State varsity, the freshman Lucas was also asked by Woody Hayes to tutor Ohio State football players in their studies. Such was his reputation as a student. Lucas was also a member of the fraternity Beta Theta Pi at Ohio State.

Lucas played at a time when freshmen athletes were ineligible for varsity college sports, so he and his new teammates had to wait until 1959–60 to lead Ohio State. The four new recruits joined future NBA players Larry Siegfried and Joe Roberts on a loaded Buckeyes team for second-year varsity coach Taylor. The high offense Buckeyes scored 90 points per game and were soon known for their shooting accuracy and rebounding. After two early losses to Utah and Kentucky, the team lost only one more the rest of the way en route to the 1960 NCAA national championship. The Buckeyes overwhelmed defending champion California, 75–55, at the Cow Palace in San Francisco to win the 1960 title. Lucas, passing often, still averaged 26 points per game on a then-record 63% shooting. He also averaged 16 rebounds per game and was named Most Outstanding Player of the 1960 NCAA Final Four. Lucas was on the cover of ''Sports Illustrated'' for the first time in January 1960.

In 1960–61, #1-ranked Ohio State ran a winning streak of 32 games all the way to the NCAA Final. Lucas and the team received considerable national publicity that year, especially after winning the 1960 Holiday Tournament at Madison Square Garden. In March 1961 against Kentucky, Lucas became the only college player to date to ever record a "30–30" in an NCAA tournament game (33 points, 30 rebounds). But in the finals, they were upset by the University of Cincinnati Bearcats, in overtime, 70–65.

By the time the 1961–62 season had started, the 6' 8" 230-pound Lucas had played basketball nearly non-stop for two years—he played the 1959–60 season, 1960 Olympics, 1960–61 season, and then the 1961 [[Amateur Athletic Union]] (AAU) tour of the Soviet Union. Therefore, health was an issue when he returned from Russia weighing just 200 pounds in the fall of 1961. His sore knees were also an issue throughout his basketball career. But Lucas and the Buckeyes again posted another strong season and made it to the NCAA final, their third straight. Lucas was badly injured against Wake Forest in the semifinal preceding his rematch against the University of Cincinnati Bearcats. But he opted to play in the 1962 final anyway, believing it was his last game ever. During his college career, he had stated repeatedly that he would never turn pro. In his final college game, he moved poorly and Cincinnati again topped Ohio State. 
Lucas was All-American First Team all three years at Ohio State. His #11 was later the second number ever retired by the college in any sport. He is still widely considered the greatest player to ever play in the Big Ten today. The team went 78–6 during his years.
Gaining strong national exposure during these years, Lucas was named 1961 Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year, the first-ever basketball player to win the award. In 1963, he was awarded the [[Big Ten Medal of Honor]], which recognizes one student from the graduating class of each Big Ten member school, for demonstrating joint athletic and academic excellence throughout their college career.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 11, 2014|title=Big Ten Conference Celebrates 100th Anniversary of Big Ten Medal of Honor|url=https://bigten.org/news/2014/3/11/big_ten_conference_celebrates_100th_anniversary_of_big_ten_medal_of_honor.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205151921/https://bigten.org/news/2014/3/11/big_ten_conference_celebrates_100th_anniversary_of_big_ten_medal_of_honor.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 5, 2021|access-date=|website=}}</ref> Lucas is still widely regarded as one of the greatest college players of all time.
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bigten.org/news/2019/1/28/michigan-michigan-state-and-minnesota-earn-weekly-mens-basketball-honors.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129010209/https://bigten.org/news/2019/1/28/michigan-michigan-state-and-minnesota-earn-weekly-mens-basketball-honors.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 29, 2019|title=Michigan, Michigan State and Minnesota Earn Weekly Men's Basketball Honors|access-date=January 28, 2019|date=January 28, 2019|publisher=[[CBS Interactive]]|website=BigTen.org}}</ref>

==1960 Olympics and international play==
In the wake of leading the 1960 NCAA champions, Lucas was also named to the [[1960 United States men's Olympic basketball team|1960 U.S.A. Olympic team]] for the [[Basketball at the 1960 Summer Olympics|Rome Games]] that year. He had a sub-par Olympic Trials, due to fatigue from the NCAA final and the high altitude of the Trials in Denver, but still easily led all Trials players in rebounding. Initially named to the U.S. team as a reserve forward, Lucas begged Olympic head coach [[Pete Newell]] to try him at his natural center spot. Despite the fact that two 6'11" centers, [[Walt Bellamy]] and [[Darrall Imhoff]], were present, Lucas got time at center and emerged as the regular starter for the U.S. team. The biggest game was played against the [[Soviet Union national basketball team|Soviet Union]] in September at the [[Palazzetto dello Sport]] in Rome, which the Americans won, 81–65. Lucas then scored 21 points in the gold medal final against [[Brazilian national basketball team|Brazil]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151115144935/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/game/p/gid/4/grid/1/rid/414/sid/2935/tid/379/_/1960_Olympic_Games_Tournament_for_Men/statistic.html Game: BRAZIL vs USA (Group 1) Date: 10 September 1960.]</ref> to finish second to teammate [[Oscar Robertson]] for the team lead in scoring, with 134 points scored in the Olympics over eight games.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151121020045/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/team/p/sid/2935/tid/379/_/1960_Olympic_Games_Tournament_for_Men/accumulated-statistics.html 1960 Olympic Games : Tournament for Men.]</ref> Despite the physical play near the basket during those Games, Lucas received just six free throws total, but shot 80% from the floor to be a top scorer.

Afterward, Coach Newell, whose California team had just lost to Ohio State and Lucas in the 1960 NCAA final, called Lucas "the greatest player I ever coached, and the most unselfish".{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} The U.S. team also included future pro stars [[Jerry West]], [[Terry Dischinger]], [[Adrian Smith (basketball)|Adrian Smith]], and [[Bob Boozer]]. Lucas's international play also includes being named to a team of AAU stars that toured the Soviet Union in mid-1961. That team played games in [[Moscow]], [[Leningrad]], and [[Kyiv]] with Lucas starring at center, and won all eight games played. The coach of the team was future Basketball Hall of Famer [[John McLendon]]. The team had gotten the Soviet invitation when the AAU [[Cleveland Pipers]], owned by a young [[George Steinbrenner]], had won the [[List of AAU men's basketball champions|AAU national championship]]. At the time, Steinbrenner was considering Lucas as a future pro player, and maneuvered to invite him onto the tour team. In 1964, Lucas was also part of a team of NBA players that played behind the Iron Curtain in [[Poland]], [[Romania]] and [[Yugoslavia]]. Having toured the Soviet Union in 1961 as that team's big star, Lucas was reportedly requested by these countries for the 1964 NBA tour. That team was coached by basketball Hall of Famer [[Red Auerbach]] and included several Boston Celtics, in addition to his Cincinnati pro teammate, Oscar Robertson.

==Professional career==
===Cleveland Pipers===
"I never had any special desire to be a professional basketball player," Lucas later said about his pro career.{{citation needed span|date=April 2021|}} In 1962, pro basketball had two cash-strapped leagues—the [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] and the startup [[American Basketball League (1961–62)|ABL]]—and both coveted Lucas because of the crowds he drew.
In the NBA, the [[Cincinnati Royals]] had long held that league's rights to Lucas, having drafted him as a high schooler with a territorial selection, which was allowed in the league then. However, Lucas declined their contract offer in May 1962.

This created an opportunity for the other league. The now-ABL Cleveland Pipers drafted Lucas, too. They interested the young star with a rare combination business-player contract offer. As part of the deal, Lucas received ownership stock in the team. The ABL agreed to shorten their season for him as well.

The NBA then made overtures to have the Pipers, with Lucas, jump leagues that summer. When that deal was approved by Steinbrenner, the NBA Royals protested and admission fees were added to the Cleveland deal. Unable to make all of the considerable payments, Steinbrenner's team later collapsed and folded. With the ABL losing their league champion in Cleveland and dropping to just six teams afterward, their league folded as well at the end of 1962.

By then, Lucas had signed a business deal with Cleveland advertisers Howard Marks and Carl Glickman, and spoke often of having an NBA franchise in Cleveland. Because of this contract, he missed the 1962–63 NBA season. When the Marks expansion deal was denied by the NBA, Lucas was released from that contract. He decided he wanted to play pro basketball after all, and the Royals retained his rights.

===Cincinnati Royals (1963–1969)===
[[File:Jerry Lucas 1965.jpeg|thumb|180px|Jerry Lucas in 1965]]
The Cincinnati Royals had reportedly been considering Lucas since before their arrival to the city of Cincinnati in 1957. They had secured rights to him in 1958 and drafted him in 1962. In August 1963, Lucas finally signed with Warren Hensel, who was then in process of briefly becoming the team's owner. Signing the locally well-known Middletown and Ohio State star surged ticket sales for the team which had steadily declined in the two seasons before his signing. Attendance at Royals games doubled during Lucas's first season of 1963–64.

In addition to Lucas, the 1963–64 Royals squad included three NBA All-Stars: [[Oscar Robertson]], [[Wayne Embry]] and [[Jack Twyman]]. Lucas was moved to the big forward position his first season, and the Royals soon had the second-best record in the NBA that year. His role on the team would again be chiefly rebounding and other support play, but he scored 20 or more points several times, and led the league in field goal percentage as a rookie. Lucas also had four 30-rebound games, and one 40-rebound game on February 29, 1964, and remains the only NBA forward with a 40-rebound game. In the 1964 NBA playoffs, Lucas was injured when a Philadelphia player collided with him from behind. He played through the injury, but never quite recovered his form during the playoffs. In Cincinnati's one playoff game win over Boston, Lucas posted a triple-double game with 16 points, 10 assists, and 25 rebounds,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/l/lucasje01/gamelog-playoffs/ |title=Jerry Lucas Playoffs Game Log |website=basketball-reference.com |access-date=August 16, 2020}}</ref> but the Royals lost in the Eastern Conference Finals.

In his second season, 1964–65, Lucas was asked to shoot and score more. In 1964–65 and 1965–66, he enjoyed his best seasons in Cincinnati, with the Royals posting a top 3 finish in the league each season. As one of the NBA's most accurate shooters, Lucas posted two seasons of over 21 points per game as the team's #2 scorer. He also averaged over 20 rebounds per game both seasons. In 1965–66, Lucas averaged 21.1 rebounds over 79 games, with 1668 rebounds total on the season. Those are both still all-time rebounding marks for NBA forwards. In addition to his scoring, rebounding, and shooting, Lucas made a name for himself as a big minutes man. In a sport where a regulation NBA game is 48 minutes, Lucas routinely played 43–44 minutes per game at two positions, starting forward, then backup center. Knee pain was still a big concern, and after the 1965–66 season, he nearly retired, but he found a prescription anti-inflammatory drug that allowed him to continue as a player. In the 1964–65 playoffs, Lucas averaged 23.3 points, 21 rebounds and 48.8 minutes over four games against Philadelphia. In the 1965–66 playoffs, he averaged 21.4 points, 20.2 rebounds and 46.2 minutes over the best-of-five series. He had again been injured in the 1966 playoffs, accidentally undercut from behind by a teammate, but still toughed through big minutes of play. He was named Most Valuable Player of the 1965 NBA All-Star Game in St. Louis, having scored 26 points. In the 1966 All-Star Game held in Cincinnati, he collected a team-high 19 rebounds for the East. 
In the fall of 1966, the Royals announced the move of nine or more home games to Cleveland, where the team hoped to use Lucas, the former would-be ABL Piper, as a popular crowd draw. He was becoming a heavier player who weighed 240–250 pounds, but he still was a starting East All-Star.

With the team declining at this point, and with his own health concerns, Lucas focused more on off-court business. As a cutting-edge corporate athlete, he sought endorsements. He also studied investment opportunities and tax shelters. By 1968, Lucas was reportedly worth over a million dollars, most of it built on off-court investments. There were only two or three other millionaire players in the NBA at that time. His most famous investment was his growing fast-food chain, Jerry Lucas Beef N Shakes. Lucas also created a number of children's games during this period, starting his own toys and games company. He published a book on the many magic card tricks he often performed himself.

Healthier in 1967–68, he bounced back to postseason averages of 21.5 points per game, 52% shooting, 19 rebounds, and 44.1 minutes over all 82 games. He was second in the league to Chamberlain in rebounds and minutes played. He had also topped Bill Russell of Boston by more than 100 rebounds on the season as just the second player ever to out-rebound Russell over a full season. He was First Team All-NBA again, but the Royals missed the playoffs on the last day of the season.

Over 308 games from 1964 to 1968, Lucas averaged 20.5 points and 19.8 rebounds per game. The only other NBA player to be '20–20' as often was Chamberlain. The 1968–69 season saw the Royals briefly in first place early in the season. Tom Van Arsdale had been added to a team that included Robertson, Lucas and Connie Dierking, but the team played 15 regular season home games outside Cincinnati, which increased their traveling. The extra travel caused the team to wear down after their hot start. Lucas played in his sixth straight All-Star Game in 1969.

In 1969, the American economy tightened, and Lucas saw his lines of credit for his many investments close. Overextended on several fronts, his portfolio of investments collapsed. Lucas was soon forced to declare bankruptcy. His popularity among players, some of whom had lost their investments with him, declined markedly for a time.

===San Francisco Warriors (1969–1971)===
In 1969, Bob Cousy took over as coach of the Royals, who had again missed the playoffs in the tough NBA East Division of the day. Wanting more of a running team, Cousy did not favor Lucas, now a heavier, slower player. But Lucas had a no-trade clause in his contract, and could steer his transfer to a chosen team. He chose San Francisco.
In 1969–70, he suffered a broken hand, and went through a tough season. He bounced back to form in 1970–71, though, bringing himself back into playing shape at 230 pounds. Lucas averaged 19.2 points per game on 50% shooting, 15.8 rebounds and 3.7 assists. He returned to the NBA All-Star Game in 1971 for the seventh and final time. He was fifth in the league in rebounding in an NBA that now had 17 teams. Playing with Nate Thurmond, Clyde Lee, Jeff Mullins and Ron Williams, the .500 Warriors made the 1971 playoffs before losing to a powerful Milwaukee team that later won the 1971 NBA title.

===New York Knicks (1971–1974)===
By 1971, Lucas had established himself as one of the most accurate shooters and top rebounders in the league. With the Warriors needing a small scoring forward, Lucas was acquired by the [[1971&ndash;72 New York Knicks season|New York Knicks]] for [[Cazzie Russell]] on May 7, 1971.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1971/05/08/archives/knicks-deal-russell-for-warriors-lucas.html "Knicks Deal Russell for Warriors' Lucas," ''The New York Times'', Saturday, May 8, 1971.] Retrieved September 23, 2023.</ref> The Knicks needed a big man to back up their starting center [[Willis Reed]] and power forward [[Dave DeBusschere]]. However, early in the [[1971–72 NBA season|1971–72 season]], Reed went down with a season-ending injury and Lucas was pressed into service at center. He was the smallest center in the league, and many were skeptical about how Lucas and the Knicks would do with this lineup. But at 31, Lucas had what may have been his best pro season, leading the Knicks in rebounds and shooting accuracy, and second on the team in both scoring and assists to [[Walt Frazier]]. His outside shooting, often well past today's three-point line, changed defensive strategies, as opponents were forced to send their big man 20 feet from the basket to guard Lucas.

Lucas shot 51.2% from the floor that season. He was also an outstanding passing center, just as he had been in college. The team was fourth in the NBA in defense with Lucas at center. The Knicks then upset both Baltimore and Boston to make the 1972 NBA finals against Los Angeles. Lucas figured strongly in both series wins. Lucas also played very well, averaging 20.8 points on 50% shooting, 9.8 rebounds, 6.2 assists and 46.6 minutes in the series against the Lakers and Wilt Chamberlain. When Game Four went to overtime, he played all 53 minutes. But New York lost the series.

During this time, Lucas gained some press for a magic trick, "The Phone Book". In it, he memorized about 50 pages of the Manhattan White Pages [[phone book]]. After other demonstrations, a party held by writer [[Dick Schaap]] and teammate [[Bill Bradley]] saw the trick tested by world chess champion [[Bobby Fischer]], who was reportedly astounded.

In 1972–73, Reed, the New York team captain and star, returned. Lucas was sent to the bench for the first time in his career. But, to keep Reed healthy for the playoffs, he still played often. In averaging ten points and seven rebounds, he also averaged 4.5 assists. The team made the NBA finals again, and this time New York won.
This made Lucas one of the first to become a champion at every level of the game – high school, college, Olympics, and NBA (a feat matched by [[Quinn Buckner]], and [[Magic Johnson]]). He is one of eight players who has ever achieved the [[Triple Crown (American basketball)|basketball Triple Crown]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Beslic |first= Stephen|date=November 11, 2022 |title=Eight players who have won NCAA, NBA, and Olympic titles |url=https://www.basketballnetwork.net/latest-news/seven-players-who-have-won-ncaa-nba-and-olympic-titles |work= Basketball Network|location= |access-date=November 27, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Cohn|first=Jordan |date= October 11, 2020|title= Anthony Davis joins 7 other players to win NBA Finals, NCAA Championship, Olympic gold medal|url=https://www.audacy.com/thefandc/sports/nba/anthony-davis-joins-basketballs-triple-crown-club |work=[[106.7 The Fan]] |location= |access-date=November 27, 2024}}</ref>

In the 1973–74 season, the Knicks made a run to repeat as champions, but lost to perennial rival Boston in the Eastern Conference Finals. Lucas played far less and was physically declining in his 11th professional season. The 34-year-old Lucas retired from the NBA following the season. His 15.6 per game career rebounding average is fourth-highest in league history as of 2020,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.landofbasketball.com/all_time_leaders/rebounds_per_game_career_season.htm |title=NBA All-Time Rebounds Leaders: Career Per Game Average in the Regular Season |website=landofbasketball.com |date=March 15, 2020 |access-date=July 10, 2020}}</ref> and his 12,942 total is 17th all-time.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/nba/history/leaders/_/stat/rebounds |title=NBA History – Rebounds Leaders |website=ESPN.com |access-date=July 10, 2020}}</ref> He is also seventh all-time in minutes played per game,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/leaders/mp_per_g_career.html |title=NBA & ABA Career Leaders and Records for Minutes Per Game |website=basketball-reference.com |access-date=July 10, 2020}}</ref> despite being a reserve the last two years of his career.

==Legacy==
In 1980, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial [[Basketball Hall of Fame]] with [[Oscar Robertson]] and [[Jerry West]], all in their first year of eligibility. He was selected by the NBA in 1996 as one of its [[50 Greatest Players in NBA History]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nba.com/history/nba-at-50/top-50-players |title=NBA at 50: Top 50 Players |author=NBA.com Staff |website=NBA.com |date=November 3, 2017|access-date=July 10, 2020}}</ref> and again in 2021 as part of the [[NBA 75th Anniversary Team]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nba.com/75 |title=NBA's 75 Anniversary {{pipe}} NBA.com |website=www.nba.com |access-date=January 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019025017/https://www.nba.com/75 |archive-date=October 19, 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1999 ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' named Lucas to their ''Five Man College Team of the Century''.<ref name=Latimer>{{cite news |last=Latimer |first=Clay |date=November 22, 2011 |title=Jerry Lucas Leapt Above With Brawn And Brains Grasp: His recall power keeps the former hoop star rising |work=Investor's Business Daily }}</ref> In 2021, to commemorate the NBA's 75th Anniversary ''[[The Athletic]]'' ranked the top 75 players of all time, and named Lucas as the 72nd greatest player in NBA history.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/3137873/2022/02/23/the-nba-75-the-top-75-nba-players-of-all-time-from-mj-and-lebron-to-lenny-wilkens/ | title=NBA 75: Top 75 NBA players of all time | work=The New York Times | date=June 10, 2025 }}</ref>

As an all-time player, Lucas is remembered for his remarkable fame as an amateur player, his dominance as a rebounder, especially for his height, and as a big man with a dangerous long-range shot, a combination unmatched before and only becoming approached since.

==NBA career statistics==
{{NBA player statistics legend|champion=y|leader=y}}

===Regular season===
{{NBA player statistics start}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|1963}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1963–64 Cincinnati Royals season|Cincinnati]]
| 79 || {{sort|-|—}} || 41.4 || style="background:#cfecec;"|.527* || {{sort|-|—}} || .779 || 17.4 || 2.6 || {{sort|-|—}} || {{sort|-|—}} || 17.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|1964}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1964–65 Cincinnati Royals season|Cincinnati]]
| 66 || {{sort|-|—}} || 43.4 || .498 || {{sort|-|—}} || '''.814''' || 20.0 || 2.4 || {{sort|-|—}} || {{sort|-|—}} || 21.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|1965}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1965–66 Cincinnati Royals season|Cincinnati]]
| 79 || {{sort|-|—}} || '''44.5''' || .453 || {{sort|-|—}} || .787 || '''21.1''' || 2.7 || {{sort|-|—}} || {{sort|-|—}} || '''21.5'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|1966}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1966–67 Cincinnati Royals season|Cincinnati]]
| style="background:#cfecec;"|81* || {{sort|-|—}} || 43.9 || .459 || {{sort|-|—}} || .791 || 19.1 || 3.3 || {{sort|-|—}} || {{sort|-|—}} || 17.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|1967}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1967–68 Cincinnati Royals season|Cincinnati]]
| '''82''' || {{sort|-|—}} || 44.1 || .519 || {{sort|-|—}} || .778 || 19.0 || 3.3 || {{sort|-|—}} || {{sort|-|—}} || '''21.5'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|1968}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1968–69 Cincinnati Royals season|Cincinnati]]
| 74 || {{sort|-|—}} || 41.6 || '''.551''' || {{sort|-|—}} || .755 || 18.4 || 4.1 || {{sort|-|—}} || {{sort|-|—}} || 18.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|1969}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1969–70 Cincinnati Royals season|Cincinnati]]
| 4 || {{sort|-|—}} || 29.5 || .514 || {{sort|-|—}} || .714 || 11.3 || 2.3 || {{sort|-|—}} || {{sort|-|—}} || 10.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|1969}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1969–70 San Francisco Warriors season|San Francisco]]
| 63 || {{sort|-|—}} || 36.5 || .507 || {{sort|-|—}} || .786 || 14.4 || 2.6 || {{sort|-|—}} || {{sort|-|—}} || 15.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|1970}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1970–71 San Francisco Warriors season|San Francisco]]
| 80 || {{sort|-|—}} || 40.6 || .498 || {{sort|-|—}} || .787 || 15.8 || 3.7 || {{sort|-|—}} || {{sort|-|—}} || 19.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|1971}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1971–72 New York Knicks season|New York]]
| 77 || {{sort|-|—}} || 38.0 || .512 || {{sort|-|—}} || .791 || 13.1 || 4.1 || {{sort|-|—}} || {{sort|-|—}} || 16.7
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#afe6ba;"|{{nbay|1972}}{{dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1972–73 New York Knicks season|New York]]
| 71 || {{sort|-|—}} || 28.2 || .513 || {{sort|-|—}} || .800 || 7.2 || '''4.5''' || {{sort|-|—}} || {{sort|-|—}} || 9.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|1973}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1973–74 New York Knicks season|New York]]
| 73 || {{sort|-|—}} || 22.3 || .462 || {{sort|-|—}} || .698 || 5.1 || 3.2 || '''.4''' || '''.3''' || 6.2
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 829 || {{sort|-|—}} || 38.8 || .499 || {{sort|-|—}} || .783 || 15.6 || 3.3 || .4 || .3 || 17.0
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|All-Star
| 7 || 6 || 26.1 || .547 || {{sort|-|—}} || .905 || 9.1 || 1.7 || {{sort|-|—}} || {{sort|-|—}} || 12.7
{{s-end}}

===Playoffs===
{{NBA player statistics start}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1964 NBA playoffs|1964]]
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1963-64 Cincinnati Royals season|Cincinnati]]
| 10 || {{sort|-|—}} || 37.0 || .390 || {{sort|-|—}} || .703 || 12.5 || 3.4 || {{sort|-|—}} || {{sort|-|—}} || 12.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1965 NBA playoffs|1965]]
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1964-65 Cincinnati Royals season|Cincinnati]]
| 4 || {{sort|-|—}} || '''48.8''' || '''.507''' || {{sort|-|—}} || .773 || '''21.0''' || 2.3 || {{sort|-|—}} || {{sort|-|—}} || '''23.3'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1966 NBA playoffs|1966]]
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1965-66 Cincinnati Royals season|Cincinnati]]
| 5 || {{sort|-|—}} || 46.2 || .471 || {{sort|-|—}} || .771 || 20.2 || 2.8 || {{sort|-|—}} || {{sort|-|—}} || 21.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1967 NBA playoffs|1967]]
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1966-67 Cincinnati Royals season|Cincinnati]]
| 4 || {{sort|-|—}} || 45.8 || .436 || {{sort|-|—}} || '''1.000''' || 19.3 || 2.0 || {{sort|-|—}} || {{sort|-|—}} || 12.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1971 NBA playoffs|1971]]
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1970-71 San Francisco Warriors season|San Francisco]]
| 5 || {{sort|-|—}} || 34.2 || .506 || {{sort|-|—}} || .688 || 10.0 || 3.2 || {{sort|-|—}} || {{sort|-|—}} || 17.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1972 NBA playoffs|1972]]
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1971-72 New York Knicks season|New York]]
| 16 || {{sort|-|—}} || 46.1 || .500 || {{sort|-|—}} || .831 || 10.8 || '''5.3''' || {{sort|-|—}} || {{sort|-|—}} || 18.6
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#afe6ba;"|[[1973 NBA playoffs|1973]]{{dagger}}
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1972-73 New York Knicks season|New York]]
| '''17''' || {{sort|-|—}} || 21.6 || .482 || {{sort|-|—}} || .870 || 5.0 || 2.3 || {{sort|-|—}} || {{sort|-|—}} || 7.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1974 NBA playoffs|1974]]
| style="text-align:left;"|[[1973-74 New York Knicks season|New York]]
| 11 || {{sort|-|—}} || 10.5 || .238 || {{sort|-|—}} || {{sort|-|—}} || 2.0 || .8 || '''.4''' || .0 || .9
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 72 || {{sort|-|—}} || 32.9 || .467 || {{sort|-|—}} || .786 || 10.0 || 3.0 || .4 || .0 || 12.4
{{s-end}}

==Post-playing career==
After his NBA career ended, Lucas pursued publishing and educational endeavors. In 1974 he co-authored a ''New York Times'' best-seller, ''The Memory Book'', and he developed an educational product he named the ''Lucas Learning System''.<ref name=Latimer /> Along with multiple editions of ''The Memory Book'', Lucas has written over 70 other books, most of them related to education or memorization.<ref>{{cite news |last=Atkin |first=Ross |date=February 7, 1997 |title=Jerry Lucas Takes Aim at Educational Goals |work=Christian Science Monitor}}</ref> In 1977, he appeared as a contestant on the game show ''[[The $128,000 Question]]'', answering questions on the subject of [[Bible|the Bible]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCH1eRmxEqU |title=The $128,000 Question{{!}}Alex Trebek{{!}}Episode 65 |date=2025-06-25 |last=The Game Show Vault |access-date=2025-06-27 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Lucas has been a committed Christian since his final year in the NBA when he memorized large sections of the [[New Testament]], and many of his current speaking engagements are at churches. He was married to Treva Lucas while in college and divorced in 1974.  That same year he married contemporary Christian singer Sharalee Beard. In the 1980s he and Sharalee divorced, and Lucas married Cheri Wulff.  Lucas and his wife currently live in [[Gallipolis, Ohio]]. His younger brother is the former football coach [[Roy Lucas (American football)|Roy Lucas]], who died in 2019.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Wolff |first=Alexander |date=June 30, 2003 |title=Thanks for the memory: The Hall of Fame forward has been reborn as an educational evangelist, preaching his radical gospel of memorizing through visualization |url=https://vault.si.com/vault/2003/06/30/thanks-for-the-memory-the-hall-of-fame-forward-has-been-reborn-as-an-educational-evangelist-preaching-his-radical-gospel-of-memorizing-through-visualization |magazine=Sports Illustrated |access-date=December 27, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Crowe |first=Jerry |date=January 11, 2010 |title=Innovation comes naturally to basketball Hall of Famer Jerry Lucas |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-jan-11-la-sp-crowe11-2010jan11-story.html# |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=December 27, 2020}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Mr. Basketball USA]]
*[[List of National Basketball Association career rebounding leaders]]
*[[List of National Basketball Association players with most rebounds in a game]]
*[[List of NCAA Division I men's basketball season rebounding leaders]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.hoophall.com/hall-of-famers/jerry-lucas/ Lucas' Basketball Hall of Fame page]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121018081041/http://www.nba.com/history/players/lucasj_bio.html NBA biography of Jerry Lucas]
* [https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/l/lucasje01.html Career stats]
* [https://sites.google.com/a/lanepl.org/jbcols/home/2014-articles/for-some-older-butler-county-fans-cincinnati-gardens-memories-focus-on-hamilton-middletown-rivalry-1 Hamilton Middletown Rivalry]
* [http://www.lawrettawrites.com/memory-book-harry-lorayne-jerry-lucas/ Memory Book Harry Lorayne Jerry Lucas]
* [https://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/ap_poy.html Awards]
* [https://doctormemory.com/ doctormemory]

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