View source for Jeremy Corbyn

{{short description|British politician (born 1949)}}
{{redirect|Corbyn|other people with the name|Corbyn (name)}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Use British  English|date=December 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix    = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name                = Jeremy Corbyn
| honorific-suffix    = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|MP]]
| image               = Official portrait of Jeremy Corbyn MP crop 2, 2024.jpg
| image_size          = 
| caption             = Official portrait, 2024
| office              = [[Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)|Leader of the Opposition]]
| monarch             = [[Elizabeth II]]
| predecessor         = [[Harriet Harman]]
| successor           = [[Keir Starmer]]
| primeminister       = {{unbulleted list|[[David Cameron]]|[[Theresa May]]|[[Boris Johnson]]}}
| term_start          = 12 September 2015
| term_end            = 4 April 2020
| deputy1             = [[Tom Watson (Labour politician)|Tom Watson]]
| office1             = [[Leader of the Labour Party (UK)|Leader of the Labour Party]]
| predecessor1        = [[Ed Miliband]]
| successor1          = Keir Starmer
| term_start1         = 12 September 2015
| term_end1           = 4 April 2020
| office2             = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] <br/>for [[Islington North (UK Parliament constituency)|Islington North]]
| term_start2         = 9 June 1983
| majority2           = 7,247 (14.8%)
| predecessor2        = [[Michael O'Halloran (British politician)|Michael O'Halloran]]
| successor2          = 
| deputy3             = [[Chris Nineham]]
| office3             = Chair of the [[Stop the War Coalition]]
| predecessor3        = [[Andrew Murray (trade unionist)|Andrew Murray]]
| successor3          = Andrew Murray
| term_start3         = 14 June 2011
| term_end3           = 12 September 2015
| president3          = [[Tony Benn]]
| vicepresident3      = [[Lindsey German]]
| birth_name          = Jeremy Bernard Corbyn
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1949|05|26|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Chippenham]], Wiltshire, England
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| party               = [[Independent politician|Independent]] (since 2024) <br />[[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] (1965–2024)
| otherparty          = [[Independent Alliance (UK)|Independent Alliance]] (since 2024)
| spouse              = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|[[Jane Chapman]]|1974|1979|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|Claudia Bracchitta|1987|1999|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|Laura Álvarez|2012}}}}
| children            = 3
| relatives           = [[Piers Corbyn]] (brother)
| education           = {{unbulleted list|[[Castle House School]]|[[Adams' Grammar School]]|[[North London Polytechnic]]}}
| residence           = <!-- Only use for residences that come with the office. NOT for towns, cities, states, countries, etc. -->
| signature           = CorbynSignature.svg
| website             = {{official website|https://jeremycorbyn.org.uk/}}
| module              = {{listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Jeremy Corbyn on proportional representation.ogg|title=Jeremy Corbyn's voice|type=speech|description=Corbyn on [[proportional representation]] (PR)<br />Recorded on 7 September 2022}}
}}
{{Jeremy Corbyn sidebar}}

'''Jeremy Bernard Corbyn''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɔːr|b|ᵻ|n}}; born 26 May 1949) is a British politician who has been [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Islington North (UK Parliament constituency)|Islington North]] since 1983. Now an [[Independent politician|independent]], Corbyn had been a member of the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] from 1965 until his expulsion in 2024, and remains a member of the [[Socialist Campaign Group]] parliamentary [[caucus]]. He served as [[Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)|Leader of the Opposition]] and [[Leader of the Labour Party (UK)|Leader of the Labour Party]] from 2015 to 2020. Corbyn identifies ideologically as a [[socialist]] on the [[Labour left|political left]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Calamur |first=Krishnadev |date=18 August 2015 |title=How a Socialist Prime Minister Might Govern Britain |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/08/jeremy-corbyn-labour-britain/401492/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322225501/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/08/jeremy-corbyn-labour-britain/401492/ |archive-date=22 March 2020 |access-date=21 April 2016 |newspaper=The Atlantic |issn=2151-9463}}</ref><ref name=Settle>{{cite news |last=Settle |first=Michael |date=18 August 2015 |title=Corbyn: I'm a Socialist not a Unionist |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13609421.corbyn-im-a-socialist-not-a-unionist/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304162719/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13609421.corbyn-im-a-socialist-not-a-unionist/ |archive-date=4 March 2020 |access-date=4 April 2020 |newspaper=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]]}}</ref>

Born in [[Chippenham]], [[Wiltshire]], Corbyn joined the Labour Party as a teenager. Moving to London, he became a [[List of trade unions in the United Kingdom|trade union]] [[Union representative|representative]]. In 1974, he was elected to [[London Borough of Haringey|Haringey Council]] and became Secretary of [[Hornsey (UK Parliament constituency)|Hornsey]] [[Constituency Labour Party]] until elected as the MP for Islington North in 1983. His activism has included [[Anti-Fascist Action]], the [[Anti-Apartheid Movement]], the [[Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament]], and advocating for a [[united Ireland]] and [[State of Palestine|Palestinian statehood]]. As a [[backbencher]], Corbyn routinely voted against the Labour [[Whip (politics)|whip]], including [[New Labour]] governments. A vocal opponent of the [[Iraq War]], he chaired the [[Stop the War Coalition]] from 2011 to 2015, and received the [[Gandhi International Peace Award]] and [[Seán MacBride Peace Prize]]. Following [[Ed Miliband]]'s resignation after the party had lost the [[2015 United Kingdom general election|2015 general election]], Corbyn won the [[2015 Labour Party leadership election (UK)|2015 party leadership election]] to succeed him. The Labour Party's membership increased sharply, both during the [[Jeremy Corbyn 2015 Labour Party leadership campaign|leadership campaign]] and following his election.<ref name="ibtimes"/>

Taking the party to the left, Corbyn advocated [[renationalising]] public utilities and [[Renationalisation of British Rail|railways]], a [[Non-interventionism|less interventionist]] military policy, and reversals of [[United Kingdom government austerity programme|austerity cuts]] to welfare and public services. Although he had sometimes been critical of the [[European Union]] (EU), he supported the [[Remain campaign]] in the [[2016 EU membership referendum]]. After Labour MPs [[2016 British shadow cabinet resignations|sought to remove him in 2016]] through a leadership challenge, he won a [[2016 Labour Party leadership election (UK)|second leadership contest]] against [[Owen Smith]]. In the [[2017 United Kingdom general election|2017 general election]], Corbyn led Labour to increase its vote share by 10 percentage points to 40 per cent, their largest rise since the [[1945 United Kingdom general election|1945 general election]]. During his tenure as leader, Corbyn was criticised for [[Antisemitism in the British Labour Party|antisemitism within the party]]. He condemned [[antisemitism]]<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Corbyn decries anti-Semitism as 'vile and wrong' following chief rabbi's rebuke |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/corbyn-decries-anti-semitism-as-vile-and-wrong-following-chief-rabbis-rebuke/ |work=The Times of Israel |location=Jerusalem |date=26 November 2019 |access-date=29 October 2020 |archive-date=16 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516234753/https://www.timesofisrael.com/corbyn-decries-anti-semitism-as-vile-and-wrong-following-chief-rabbis-rebuke/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and apologised for its presence,<ref name="MEE">{{cite web |last1=MEE staff |title=BBC issues correction after saying Corbyn refused to apologise on antisemitism |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/antisemitism-bbc-correction-corbyn-refused-apology |access-date=24 April 2023 |website=Middle East Eye |archive-date=24 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424143957/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/antisemitism-bbc-correction-corbyn-refused-apology |url-status=live }}</ref> while his leadership saw a [[Chakrabarti Inquiry|strengthening of disciplinary procedures]] regarding hate speech and racism.<ref>{{cite news |last=Elgot |first=Jessica |title=Labour to adopt new antisemitism rules after conference row |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/sep/26/labour-to-adopt-new-antisemitism-rules-after-conference-row |access-date=25 November 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=26 September 2017 |archive-date=1 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035644/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/sep/26/labour-to-adopt-new-antisemitism-rules-after-conference-row |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, after [[Parliamentary votes on Brexit|deadlock in Parliament over Brexit]], Corbyn endorsed holding a [[Proposed referendum on the Brexit withdrawal agreement|referendum on the withdrawal agreement]], with a personal stance of neutrality. In the [[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019 general election]], Labour's vote share fell to 32 per cent, leading to a loss of 60 seats, leaving it with 202, its fewest since the [[1935 United Kingdom general election|1935 general election]]. Corbyn remained Labour leader for four months while the [[2020 Labour Party leadership election (UK)|leadership election]] to replace him took place. His resignation as Labour leader formally took effect in April 2020 following the election of [[Keir Starmer]], who led the party to victory at [[2024 United Kingdom general election|the next general election]] in 2024 with a vote share of 34 per cent.

After asserting that the scale of antisemitism had been overstated for political reasons, Corbyn was suspended from the party in 2020. In May 2024, after the [[2024 United Kingdom general election|2024 general election]] had been called, Corbyn was not allowed to stand as a Labour candidate for his constituency, and subsequently announced he would [[Islington North in the 2024 United Kingdom general election|stand as an independent candidate for Islington North]]; he was then expelled from Labour.<ref>{{cite news |last=Brown |first=Faye |date=24 May 2024 |title=General election: Jeremy Corbyn confirms he will stand as independent in Islington North |url=https://news.sky.com/story/general-election-jeremy-corbyn-confirms-he-will-stand-as-independent-in-islington-north-13141753 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524071513/https://news.sky.com/story/general-election-jeremy-corbyn-confirms-he-will-stand-as-independent-in-islington-north-13141753 |archive-date=24 May 2024 |access-date=24 May 2024 |publisher=Sky News}}</ref> He won re-election with a majority of 7,247.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dyer |first=Henry |date=5 July 2024 |title=Jeremy Corbyn re-elected in Islington North after expulsion from Labour |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/article/2024/jul/05/jeremy-corbyn-re-elected-in-islington-north-for-first-time-as-independent-mp |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=9 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709030221/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/article/2024/jul/05/jeremy-corbyn-re-elected-in-islington-north-for-first-time-as-independent-mp |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Early life==
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 | image1=Castle House School.jpg|width1=217|caption1=[[Castle House School]], where Corbyn attended [[Preparatory school (United Kingdom)|preparatory school]]|image2=Adams' - Big School.png|width2=217|caption2=[[Adams Grammar School]], where Corbyn attended secondary school}}

Jeremy Bernard Corbyn was born on 26 May 1949 in [[Chippenham]], Wiltshire,<ref name="politics.co.uk bio">{{cite web|url=http://www.politics.co.uk/reference/jeremy-corbyn|title=Jeremy Corbyn|website=politics.co.uk|access-date=26 May 2020|archive-date=19 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150719211041/http://www.politics.co.uk/reference/jeremy-corbyn |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="parliament.uk">[http://www.parliament.uk/about/mps-and-lords/principal/government-opposition/ "Government and Opposition roles"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924104507/http://www.parliament.uk/about/mps-and-lords/principal/government-opposition/ |date=24 September 2015}}. UK Parliament. Retrieved 23 September 2015.</ref> the son of mathematics teacher Naomi Loveday (née Josling; 1915–1987)<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=1988 |title=Obituary: Naomi Corbyn |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135844#page/213/mode/1up |journal=[[Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine]] |volume=82 |issue= |pages=203–204 |via=[[Biodiversity Heritage Library]] {{open access}}}}</ref> and electrical engineer and [[Rectifier|power rectifier]] expert David Benjamin Corbyn (1915–1986).<ref name="telegraph.co.uk" /> He has three elder brothers; one of them, [[Piers Corbyn]] (born 1947), is a weather forecaster who later became known as a [[climate change denier]] and [[Anti-vaccine activism|anti-vaccine conspiracy theorist]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.com/1999/02/weather-2/ |last=Standage |first=Tom |magazine=Wired |title=Everyone Complains About the Weather... Piers Corbyn Is Doing Something About It. |date=1 February 1999 |access-date=11 April 2019 |archive-date=4 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104104415/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/7.02/weather.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/is-there-trouble-ahead-for-jeremy-corbyn-enter-sibling-piers-the-wacky-weatherman-10454680.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220608/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/is-there-trouble-ahead-for-jeremy-corbyn-enter-sibling-piers-the-wacky-weatherman-10454680.html |archive-date=8 June 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Is there trouble ahead for Jeremy Corbyn? Enter sibling Piers, the wacky weatherman... |last=Usborne |first=Simon |newspaper=The Independent |date=13 August 2015 |access-date=11 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Adams |first=Tim |title=Piers Corbyn: the other rebel in the family |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/jan/24/piers-corbyn-other-rebel-in-the-family-jeremy-corbyn-climate-change |access-date=12 June 2018 |work=[[The Observer]] |date=24 January 2016 |archive-date=22 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222131144/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/jan/24/piers-corbyn-other-rebel-in-the-family-jeremy-corbyn-climate-change |url-status=live}}</ref> For the first seven years of his life, the family lived in [[Kington St Michael|Kington St Michael, Wiltshire]].<ref name="telegraph.co.uk">{{cite news |first=Robert |last=Mendick |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/Jeremy_Corbyn/11818744/Jeremy-Corbyn-the-boy-to-the-manor-born.html |location=London |work=The Daily Telegraph |title=Jeremy Corbyn, the boy to the manor born |date=22 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911171337/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/Jeremy_Corbyn/11818744/Jeremy-Corbyn-the-boy-to-the-manor-born.html |archive-date=11 September 2015}}</ref> His parents were [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] members<ref name="LowObs">{{cite news |last=Low |first=Robert |date=23 December 1984 |title=Man in the news: Middle-class boy who meets the people |work=The Observer |page=3}}</ref> and [[peace campaigner]]s who met in the 1930s at a committee meeting in support of the [[Spanish Republic]] at [[Conway Hall Ethical Society|Conway Hall]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]].<ref name=ft>{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7d242bcc-3126-11e5-8873-775ba7c2ea3d.html?siteedition=uk|title=Leftwing outsider Jeremy Corbyn moves to Labour's centre stage|last1=Pickard|first1=Jim|date=23 July 2015|work=Financial Times|access-date=24 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110112945/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7d242bcc-3126-11e5-8873-775ba7c2ea3d.html?siteedition=uk|archive-date=10 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=12 September 2015|title=How underachieving Jeremy Corbyn surprised everyone|first=Patrick|last= Sawer |author2=Tim Ross|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/Jeremy_Corbyn/11859396/How-underachieving-Jeremy-Corbyn-is-on-the-verge-of-surprising-everyone.html|url-status=live|access-date=16 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914203850/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/Jeremy_Corbyn/11859396/How-underachieving-Jeremy-Corbyn-is-on-the-verge-of-surprising-everyone.html|archive-date=14 September 2015|issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Bowcott|first1=Owen|date=7 January 2016|title=Right to legal aid is 'basic human right', Jeremy Corbyn tells Justice Alliance meeting|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/2016/jan/07/right-legal-aid-basic-human-right-jeremy-corbyn-justice-alliance-meeting|url-status=live|access-date=7 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107200341/http://www.theguardian.com/law/2016/jan/07/right-legal-aid-basic-human-right-jeremy-corbyn-justice-alliance-meeting|archive-date=7 January 2016|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

When Corbyn was seven, the family moved to [[Pave Lane|Pave Lane, Shropshire]], where his father bought Yew Tree Manor, a 17th-century farmhouse<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.shropshirestar.com/news/property/2016/12/06/labour-leader-jeremy-corbyns-childhood-home-in-shropshire-for-sale/ | title=Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn's childhood home in Shropshire for sale | website=[[Shropshire Star]] | date=6 December 2016 | access-date=20 October 2022 | archive-date=20 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020093436/https://www.shropshirestar.com/news/property/2016/12/06/labour-leader-jeremy-corbyns-childhood-home-in-shropshire-for-sale/ | url-status=live}}</ref> which was once part of the [[Duke of Sutherland]]'s [[Lilleshall Hall|Lilleshall]] estate.<ref name="BurgessSale">{{cite news |last1=Burgess |first1=Kaya |title=Corbyn's family mansion for sale |url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/corbyn-s-family-mansion-for-sale-cz99j8ck3 |access-date=27 August 2018 |newspaper=[[The Times]] |date=5 December 2016 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211220620/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/corbyn-s-family-mansion-for-sale-cz99j8ck3 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="telegraph.co.uk" /><ref>{{cite news|last2=Sawyer|first2=Patrick|last1=Ross|first1=Tim|title=Labour Turns Left: How the outsider with two grade Es at A-level became a prime minister in waiting|url=http://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-sunday-telegraph/20150913/281715498398812/TextView|work=[[The Sunday Telegraph]] |date=13 September 2015|access-date=17 December 2016|via=Press Reader|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002164535/http://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-sunday-telegraph/20150913/281715498398812/TextView|archive-date=2 October 2015}}</ref> Corbyn attended [[Castle House School]], an independent [[Preparatory school (United Kingdom)|preparatory school]] near [[Newport, Shropshire]], before becoming a day student at Newport's [[Adams Grammar School]] at the age of 11.<ref name="roth profile">{{cite web|url=http://internetserver.bishopsgate.org.uk/files/Parliamentary%20Profiles%20Archive/A-D/CORBYN,%20Jeremy/CORBYN,%20Jeremy.pdf|title=Jeremy (Bernard) Corbyn Parliamentary Profile by Andrew Roth|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923060013/http://internetserver.bishopsgate.org.uk/files/Parliamentary%20Profiles%20Archive/A-D/CORBYN%2C%20Jeremy/CORBYN%2C%20Jeremy.pdf|archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="shropstar">{{cite news|title=Confrontation looms large in life of a rebel with a cause|work=Shropshire Star|date=22 August 2015|page=20}} Part of Special Report on Corbyn and Labour leadership campaign.</ref>

While still at school, Corbyn became active in the [[League Against Cruel Sports]] and the [[Labour Party Young Socialists]] within [[Wrekin (UK Parliament constituency)|The Wrekin]].<ref name="shropstar" /> He joined the Labour Party at the age of 16.<ref name="LowObs"/> He achieved two [[GCE Advanced Level (United Kingdom)|A-Levels]] at grade E, the lowest possible passing grade, before leaving school at 18.<ref>{{cite news|title=A-level results 2015: Labour leader hopeful Jeremy Corbyn received 2 E-grades in his exams. How did other politicians fare?|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/student/istudents/alevel-results-2015-labour-leader-hopeful-jeremy-corbyn-received-2-egrades-in-his-exams-how-did-other-politicians-fare-10454422.html|first=Emily|last= Townsend|date=13 August 2015|access-date=3 September 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150823234024/http://www.independent.co.uk/student/istudents/alevel-results-2015-labour-leader-hopeful-jeremy-corbyn-received-2-egrades-in-his-exams-how-did-other-politicians-fare-10454422.html|archive-date=23 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="beeb" /> Corbyn joined the [[Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament]] in 1966 while at school<ref name=beeb /> and later became one of its three vice-chairs and subsequently vice-president.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/oct/17/jeremy-corbyn-vice-president-campaign-nuclear-disarmament |title=Jeremy Corbyn named vice-president of Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament |newspaper=The Guardian |first=Matthew |last=Taylor |date=17 October 2015 |access-date=26 August 2018 |archive-date=26 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826150130/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/oct/17/jeremy-corbyn-vice-president-campaign-nuclear-disarmament |url-status=live }}</ref> Around this time, he also campaigned against the [[Vietnam War]].<ref>{{cite news |last= Wheeler |first= Brian |date= 17 April 2018 |title= Has Jeremy Corbyn ever supported a war? |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-43737547 |work= BBC News |access-date= 19 October 2019 |archive-date= 25 December 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191225050958/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-43737547 |url-status= live }}</ref>

After school, Corbyn worked briefly as a reporter for the local ''Newport and Market Drayton Advertiser'' newspaper.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shropshirestar.com/news/2015/06/04/shropshire-educated-jeremy-corbyn-joins-labour-leadership-race/|title=Shropshire-educated Jeremy Corbyn joins Labour leadership race|work=Shropshire Star|date=4 June 2015|access-date=22 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923085801/http://www.shropshirestar.com/news/2015/06/04/shropshire-educated-jeremy-corbyn-joins-labour-leadership-race/|archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Night Corbyn devised Wrekin red flag plan|work=Shropshire Star|date=13 October 2014|page=14}}Report by Toby Neal, refers to local Young Socialist activity unconnected with his journalistic work which was remembered by a former colleague quoted in the story.</ref> Around the age of 19, he spent two years doing [[Voluntary Service Overseas]] in Jamaica as a [[youth worker]] and geography teacher.<ref name="beeb" /><ref>{{cite news|first1=Annabelle|last1=Dickson|title=Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn reveals that he has been a geography teacher|url=http://www.edp24.co.uk/news/politics/labour-leader-jeremy-corbyn-reveals-that-he-has-been-a-geography-teacher-1-4371688|newspaper=[[Eastern Daily Press]]|date=7 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916140346/http://www.edp24.co.uk/news/politics/labour-leader-jeremy-corbyn-reveals-that-he-has-been-a-geography-teacher-1-4371688|archive-date=16 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jamaicaglobalonline.com/jeremy-corbyns-mystery-life-in-jamaica/|title=Jeremy Corbyn's Mystery Life in Jamaica – Updated|website=Jamaica Global|date=19 October 2018|access-date=2 February 2023|archive-date=2 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202214902/https://www.jamaicaglobalonline.com/jeremy-corbyns-mystery-life-in-jamaica/|url-status=live}}</ref> He subsequently visited Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay throughout 1969 and 1970. While in Brazil, he participated in a student demonstration in [[São Paulo]] against the [[Brazilian military government]]. He also attended a [[International Workers' Day|May Day]] march in [[Santiago]], where the atmosphere around [[Salvador Allende]]'s [[Popular Unity (Chile)|Popular Unity]] alliance which swept to power in [[1970 Chilean presidential election|the Chilean elections of 1970]] made an impression on him: "[I] noticed something very different from anything I had experienced... what Popular Unity and Allende had done was weld together the folk tradition, the song tradition, the artistic tradition and the intellectual tradition".<ref name="MacAskill1">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/aug/17/jeremy-corbyn-foreign-causes-a-blessing-or-a-curse |title=Jeremy Corbyn's foreign causes: a blessing or a curse? |last=MacAskill |first=Ewen |author-link=Ewen MacAskill |date=17 August 2018 |website=[[theguardian.com]] |access-date=17 August 2018 |archive-date=26 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126025350/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/aug/17/jeremy-corbyn-foreign-causes-a-blessing-or-a-curse |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=¡Hasta siempre, comandante!: The Labour Party is heading for a split |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2016/07/07/hasta-siempre-comandante |magazine=[[The Economist]] |date=7 July 2016 |access-date=17 August 2018 |archive-date=21 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921131411/https://www.economist.com/britain/2016/07/07/hasta-siempre-comandante |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Early career and political activities==
Returning to the UK in 1971, Corbyn worked as an [[Union organizer|official]] for the [[National Union of Tailors and Garment Workers]].<ref name="beeb" /> He began a course in trade union studies at [[North London Polytechnic]] but left after a year without a degree.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mount |first=Harry |author-link=Harry Mount |date=24 October 2015 |title=Corbyn's purge of the Oxbridge set |url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/2015/10/labours-purge-of-oxbridge-intellectuals/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918223450/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2015/10/labours-purge-of-oxbridge-intellectuals/ |archive-date=18 September 2016 |access-date=29 April 2018 |newspaper=[[The Spectator]]}}</ref> He worked as a trade union organiser for the [[National Union of Public Employees]] (NUPE) and [[Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union]],<ref name="roth profile" /><ref name="Hattenstone">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/jun/17/jeremy-corbyn-labour-leadership-dont-do-personal |title=Jeremy Corbyn: 'I don't do personal' |first=Simon |last=Hattenstone |work=The Guardian |date=17 June 2015 |access-date=20 June 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621045700/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/jun/17/jeremy-corbyn-labour-leadership-dont-do-personal|archive-date=21 June 2015}}</ref> where his union was approached by [[Tony Benn]] and "encouraged ... to produce a blueprint for workers' control of [[British Leyland]]"; the plans did not proceed after Benn was moved to a different Department.<ref>{{cite news |last=Corbyn |first=Jeremy |title=Tony Benn: A titan of our movement |url=https://www.morningstaronline.co.uk/a-08f9-Tony-Benn-A-titan-of-our-movement |access-date=6 June 2016 |work=[[Morning Star (British newspaper)|Morning Star]] |date=17 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701114201/https://www.morningstaronline.co.uk/a-08f9-Tony-Benn-A-titan-of-our-movement|archive-date=1 July 2016}}</ref>

Corbyn was appointed a [[Area health authority|member]] of a [[district health authority]] and in early 1974, at the age of 24, he was elected to [[London Borough of Haringey|Haringey Council]] from [[South Hornsey (ward)|South Hornsey]] ward.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://londondatastore-upload.s3.amazonaws.com/docs/LBCE_1974-5-2.pdf |title=London Borough Council Elections 2 May 1974 |publisher=Intelligence Unit, Greater London Council |year=1974 |page=34 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008082403/http://londondatastore-upload.s3.amazonaws.com/docs/LBCE_1974-5-2.pdf |archive-date=8 October 2016}}</ref> After boundary changes in 1978 he was re-elected in [[Harringay (ward)|Harringay]] ward as [[councillor]], remaining so until 1983.<ref name=ft /><ref name="jeremycorbyn.org.uk">{{cite web |url=http://jeremycorbyn.org.uk/about/ |title=About me – Jeremy Corbyn MP |work=jeremycorbyn.org.uk |access-date=20 June 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619072225/http://jeremycorbyn.org.uk/about/ |archive-date=19 June 2015}}</ref> As a delegate from [[Hornsey (UK Parliament constituency)|Hornsey]] to the [[Labour Party Conference]] in 1978, Corbyn successfully moved a motion calling for dentists to be employed by the [[National Health Service]] (NHS) rather than as private contractors.<ref>{{cite book |title=Report of the Seventyseventh Annual Conference of the Labour Party, Blackpool 1978 |year=1978 |page=188}}</ref> He also spoke in another debate, describing a motion calling for greater support for law and order as "more appropriate to the [[National Front (UK)|National Front]] than to the Labour Party".<ref>{{cite book |title=Report of the Seventyseventh Annual Conference of the Labour Party, Blackpool 1978 |year=1978 |pages=376–77}}</ref>

Corbyn became the local Labour Party's agent and organiser,<ref>{{cite news |title=London anti-Front rally banned |last=Walker |first=Martin |author-link=Martin Walker (reporter) |newspaper=The Guardian |date=21 April 1977 |page=2 |id={{ProQuest|185950380}}}}</ref> and had responsibility for the [[1979 United Kingdom general election|1979 general election campaign]] in Hornsey.<ref name="roth profile" />

Around this time, he became involved with the ''[[London Labour Briefing]]'', where he was a contributor. Described by ''[[The Times]]'' in 1981 as "''Briefing''{{'}}s founder",<ref name="Walker1981">{{cite news |last=Walker |first=David |title=A briefing on 'Briefing': Left-wing activists unite in print |work=[[The Times]] |issue=61103 |date=9 December 1981 |location=London |page=2 |issn=0140-0460 |oclc=6967919 |quote={{sic|Iits}} guiding spirit is Mr Jeremy Corbyn, aged 31, ''Briefing''{{'}}s founder, an official of the National Union of Public Employees.}}</ref> ''[[The Economist]]'' in a 1982 article named Corbyn as "''Briefing''{{'}}s general secretary figure",<ref>{{cite news |title=Where Militant matters |newspaper=The Economist |issue=7231 |date=3 April 1982 |page=28 |quote=... Briefing's general secretary figure, Mr Jeremy Corbyn, will be Labour's candidate in Islington North.}}</ref> as did a profile on Corbyn compiled by parliamentary biographer [[Andrew Roth]] in 2004,<ref name="Ridge">{{cite news |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSpMujhSQHE&spfreload=10. |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211028/NSpMujhSQHE |archive-date=28 October 2021 |title=Jeremy Corbyn on the IRA and immigration: Full interview on #Ridge|last=Ridge |first=Sophie|date=21 May 2017 |publisher=Sky News |access-date=21 May 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> which states that he joined the editorial board as General Secretary in 1979.<ref name="roth profile"/> [[Michael Crick]], in the 2016 edition of his book ''Militant'', says that Corbyn was "a member of the editorial board",{{sfn|Crick|2016|p=xvii}} as does Lansley, Goss and [[Christian Wolmar|Wolmar]]'s 1989 work ''The Rise and Fall of the Municipal Left''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lansley |first1=Stewart |last2=Goss |first2=Sue |last3=Wolmar |first3=Christian |author3-link=Christian Wolmar |title=Councils in Conflict: The Rise and Fall of the Municipal Left |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EKyvCwAAQBAJ&q=corbyn |url-status=live |publisher=Springer |date=1 October 1989 |access-date=14 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107172124/https://books.google.com/books?id=EKyvCwAAQBAJ&q=corbyn#v=snippet&q=corbyn&f=false |archive-date=7 November 2023 |isbn=9781349202317}}</ref> Corbyn said in 2017 that these reports were inaccurate, telling [[Sophy Ridge]]: "I read the magazine. I wrote for the magazine. I was not a member of the editorial board. I didn't agree with it."<ref name="Ridge" /><ref name=":0" />

He worked on Tony Benn's [[1981 Labour Party deputy leadership election|unsuccessful deputy leadership campaign in 1981]]. Corbyn was keen to allow former [[International Marxist Group]] member [[Tariq Ali]] to join the party, despite Labour's National Executive having declared him unacceptable, and declared that "so far as we are concerned ... he's a member of the party and he'll be issued with a card."<ref>{{cite news |last=Linton |first=Martin |author-link=Martin Linton |title=Tariq Ali's triumph snatched from his grasp |newspaper=The Guardian |date=18 December 1981 |page=24 |id={{ProQuest|186205704}}}}</ref> In May 1982, when Corbyn was chairman of the Constituency Labour Party, Ali was given a party card signed by Corbyn;<ref>{{cite news |title=Defiant Labour officials give Tariq Ali card |last=Linton |first=Martin |author-link=Martin Linton |newspaper=The Guardian |date=28 May 1982 |page=4 |id={{ProQuest|186328348}}}}</ref> in November, the local party voted by 17 to 14 to insist on Ali's membership "up to and including the point of disbandment of the party".<ref>{{cite news |title=Hornsey Labour rebels back Tariq Ali's membership |newspaper=The Guardian |date=10 November 1982 |page=26 |id={{ProQuest|186401227}}}}</ref>

In the July 1982 edition of ''Briefing'', Corbyn opposed expulsions of the [[Trotskyist]] and [[entryist]] group [[Militant (Trotskyist group)|Militant]], saying that "If expulsions are in order for Militant, they should apply to us too." In the same year, he was the "provisional convener" of "Defeat the Witch-Hunt Campaign", based at Corbyn's then address.{{sfn|Crick|2016|pp=xvii–xviii|ps=: "An article in the July 1982 edition of ''London Labour Briefing'' illustrated Corbyn's public stance: 'If expulsions are in order for Militant,' he wrote, 'they should apply to us too.' And Corbyn, a year before he became an MP, announced himself as 'provisional convenor' of the new 'Defeat the Witch-Hunt Campaign'. It was based at an address in Lausanne Road in Hornsey, north London, Corbyn's own home at that time."}} The [[Metropolitan Police]]'s [[Special Branch (Metropolitan Police)|Special Branch]] monitored Corbyn for two decades, until the early 2000s, as he was "deemed to be a subversive". According to the Labour Party, "The Security Services kept files on many peace and Labour movement campaigners at the time, including anti-Apartheid activists and trade unionists".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dixon |first1=Hayley |last2=McCann |first2=Kate |title=Exclusive: Special Branch monitored Jeremy Corbyn for 20 years amid fears he was 'undermining democracy' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/06/06/exclusive-special-branch-monitored-jeremy-corbyn-20-years-amid/ |url-status=live |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=6 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609215719/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/06/06/exclusive-special-branch-monitored-jeremy-corbyn-20-years-amid/ |archive-date=9 June 2017}}</ref>

==Parliamentary backbencher (1983–2015)==

===Labour in opposition (1982–1997)===
Corbyn was selected as the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] [[Prospective parliamentary candidate|candidate]] for the [[constituency]] of [[Islington North (UK Parliament constituency)|Islington North]], in February 1982,<ref name=beeb /><ref name="Criddle2005">{{citation|author=Byron Criddle|title=The Almanac of British Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4LPsrwLbOs0C&pg=PA483|date=19 August 2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-49381-4|page=483}}</ref> winning the final ballot for selection by 39 votes against 35 for GLC councillor [[Paul Boateng]], who in 1987 became one of the first three Black British [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Members of Parliament]] (MP).<ref name="roth profile" /> At the [[1983 United Kingdom general election|1983 general election]] he was elected MP for the constituency,<ref name="beeb" /> defeating the [[Independent Labour]] incumbent [[Michael O'Halloran (British politician)|Michael O'Halloran]], and immediately joined the socialist<!-- Added 'Socialist' early in the New Labour era. --> [[Campaign Group]], later becoming secretary of the group.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kinnock|first1=Neil|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/2016/07/neil-kinnock-when-corbyn-wanted-me-deposed-i-sought-nominations-mps|title=When Corbyn wanted me deposed, I sought nominations from MPs|work=New Statesman|date=12 July 2016|access-date=15 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512185537/http://www.newstatesman.com/2016/07/neil-kinnock-when-corbyn-wanted-me-deposed-i-sought-nominations-mps|archive-date=12 May 2017}}</ref><ref>[http://leftunity.org/jeremy-corbyn-thinking-the-unthinkable/ "Jeremy Corbyn: thinking the unthinkable"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923055930/http://leftunity.org/jeremy-corbyn-thinking-the-unthinkable/ |date=23 September 2015}}, leftunity.org; retrieved 22 September 2015</ref>

Shortly after being elected to Parliament, he began writing a weekly column for the left-wing ''[[Morning Star (British newspaper)|Morning Star]]'' newspaper.<ref name=LusherIndy>{{cite news|last1=Lusher|first1=Adam|title=Jeremy Corbyn: In search of the man threatening to wrench Labour to the left|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/in-search-of-the-real-jeremy-corbyn--the-man-threatening-to-wrench-labour-to-the-left-10397997.html|access-date=21 September 2015|work=The Independent|date=17 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925171000/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/in-search-of-the-real-jeremy-corbyn--the-man-threatening-to-wrench-labour-to-the-left-10397997.html|archive-date=25 September 2015}}</ref> In May 2015, he said that "the ''Star'' is the most precious and only voice we have in the daily media".<ref>{{cite news |last=Greenslade |first=Roy |title=Morning Star opts for youth by appointing Ben Chacko as editor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2015/may/26/morning-star-opts-for-youth-by-appointing-ben-chacko-as-editor |access-date=22 April 2016 |work=The Guardian |date=26 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305054839/http://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2015/may/26/morning-star-opts-for-youth-by-appointing-ben-chacko-as-editor |archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref> In February 2017, the ''Morning Star'' said of Corbyn: "He has been bullied, betrayed and ridiculed, and yet he carries on with the same grace and care he always shows to others – however objectionable their behaviour and treatment of him might be."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rathor |first1=Skeena |last2=House |first2=Richard |title=The leadership myth: why Corbyn is a great leader |url=https://www.morningstaronline.co.uk/a-4602-The-leadership-myth-why-Corbyn-is-a-great-leader#.WQs7WUwrKUk |work=Morning Star |date=26 May 2015 |access-date=13 August 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814054720/https://www.morningstaronline.co.uk/a-4602-The-leadership-myth-why-Corbyn-is-a-great-leader#.WQs7WUwrKUk |archive-date=14 August 2017}}</ref>

In 1983, Corbyn spoke on a "no socialism without [[gay liberation]]" platform and continued to campaign for [[LGBT rights in the United Kingdom|LGBT rights]].<ref name="bbcprofile2017">{{cite news|last=Wheeler|first=Brian|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2017-39807055|title=The Jeremy Corbyn story: Profile of Labour leader|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=23 May 2017|access-date=13 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612223128/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2017-39807055|archive-date=12 June 2017}}</ref>

He was a campaigner against [[apartheid]] in South Africa, serving on the National Executive of the [[Anti-Apartheid Movement]],<ref name="Proctor">{{cite news|url=http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/labour-mps-switch-andy-burnham-9433599 |title=Labour MPs switch from Andy Burnham to left-winger Jeremy Corbyn in leadership race |first=Kate |last=Proctor |date=13 June 2015 |work=[[Newcastle Evening Chronicle]] |access-date=20 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618164047/http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/labour-mps-switch-andy-burnham-9433599 |archive-date=18 June 2015 }}</ref> and was arrested in 1984 while demonstrating outside [[South Africa House]], leading, decades later, to a viral image of Corbyn being arrested circulated by supporters on social media.<ref name="Prince" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/sep/16/jeremy-corbyn-leadership-david-cameron-libya-labour|title=Jeremy Corbyn has been on the right side of history for 30 years. That's real leadership|last=Bennett|first=Ronan|date=16 September 2016|work=The Guardian|access-date=22 November 2017|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201131939/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/sep/16/jeremy-corbyn-leadership-david-cameron-libya-labour|url-status=live}}</ref> This was as a member of the City of London Anti-Apartheid Group (CLAAG) who carried out a "non-stop picket" for 1,408 days to campaign for [[Nelson Mandela]]'s release from prison. The Anti-Apartheid Movement did not support this protest, as they had agreed not to demonstrate within 30 feet of the embassy, and the picket failed to gain support from the London [[ANC]]; Mandela's failure to respond to CLAAG following his release from prison in 1990 is frequently described as a 'snub'.<ref>Zeffman, Henry (14 September 2018). [https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/mandela-snubbed-corbyn-s-anti-apartheid-group-b6zwpbmmp "Mandela snubbed Corbyn's anti-apartheid group"]. ''The Times''. Retrieved 14 September 2018. {{subscription required}} [https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/mandela-snubbed-corbyn-s-anti-apartheid-group-b6zwpbmmp]</ref><ref>Plait, Martin (13 September 2018). [https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2018/09/no-nelson-mandela-did-not-snub-jeremy-corbyn "No, Nelson Mandela did not ""snub"" Jeremy Corbyn"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220085642/https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2018/09/no-nelson-mandela-did-not-snub-jeremy-corbyn |date=20 December 2019 }}. ''New Statesman''. Retrieved 11 December 2019.</ref>

He supported the [[1984–85 miners' strike]].<ref name="walesonline">{{cite news|last=Williamson|first=David|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/politics/miners-hero-tyrone-osullivan-given-11666739|title=Miners' hero Tyrone O'Sullivan has given Jeremy Corbyn a thundering endorsement|location=Wales|work=[[Wales Online]]|date=27 July 2017|access-date=13 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814020104/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/politics/miners-hero-tyrone-osullivan-given-11666739|archive-date=14 August 2017}}</ref> In 1985, he invited striking miners into the gallery of the House of Commons; they were expelled for shouting: "Coal not dole".<ref name="bbcprofile2017"/> At the end of the strike Corbyn was given a medallion by the miners in recognition of his help.<ref name="walesonline"/>

In 1985, he was appointed national secretary of the newly launched [[Anti-Fascist Action]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tees.openrepository.com/tees/bitstream/10149/615958/2/615958.pdf|title=Copsey, Nigel. "Crossing Borders: Anti-Fascist Action (UK) and Transnational Anti-Fascist Militancy in the 1990s." Contemporary European History 25.4 (2016): 707–727.|access-date=28 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721091327/https://tees.openrepository.com/tees/bitstream/10149/615958/2/615958.pdf|archive-date=21 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

During the BBC's ''[[Newsnight]]'' in 1984, Conservative MP [[Terry Dicks]] said that so-called Labour "scruffs" (such as Corbyn, who at this time was known for wearing an old polo-necked sweater to the Commons<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-34244370|title=Jeremy Corbyn and Islington|first=Josephine|last=McDermott|date=15 September 2015|publisher=BBC News|access-date=19 March 2019|archive-date=25 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425082322/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-34244370|url-status=live}}</ref>) should be banned from addressing the House of Commons unless they maintained higher standards. Corbyn responded, saying that: "It's not a fashion parade, it's not a gentleman's club, it's not a bankers' institute, it's a place where the people are represented."<ref>{{cite AV media|year=1984|title=Scruffy Jeremy Corbyn winds up Tories in 1984|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZsYvkTw4Rg|format=YouTube video|location=[[Houses of Parliament]], London, England|publisher=Newsnight|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912050123/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZsYvkTw4Rg|archive-date=12 September 2015}}</ref>

In 1990, Corbyn opposed the [[Poll tax (Great Britain)|poll tax]] (formally known as the Community Charge)<ref name="Benn2013">{{cite book|last=Benn|first=Tony|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LdCp8S5XK9wC&pg=PA624|title=The Benn Diaries: 1940–1990|publisher=Random House|year=2013|isbn=978-1-4464-9373-1|page=624}}</ref> and nearly went to jail for not paying the tax.<ref name="Prince">{{cite news|last=Prince|first=Rosa|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/labour/11710685/jeremy-corbyn-profile.html|title=Jeremy Corbyn: full story of the lefty candidate the Tories would love to see elected as Labour Leader|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=22 July 2015|access-date=14 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814041024/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/labour/11710685/jeremy-corbyn-profile.html|archive-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> He appeared in court the following year as a result.<ref name="BBCdivorce">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/341706.stm|title='Lack of choice' blamed for MP's marriage split|work=BBC News|date=13 May 1999|access-date=30 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914060921/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/341706.stm|archive-date=14 September 2015}}</ref>

Corbyn supported the campaign to overturn the convictions of Jawad Botmeh and Samar Alami for the [[1994 London Israeli Embassy attack|1994 bombing of the Israeli Embassy in London]] which argued that there was insufficient evidence to tie them to the act, along with [[Amnesty International]], [[Unison]] and a number of journalists and other MPs. Botmeh and Alami had admitted possessing explosives and guns but denied they were for use in Britain. The convictions were upheld by the [[Court of Appeal of England and Wales|High Court of Justice]] in 2001 and by the [[European Court of Human Rights]] in 2007.<ref name=DT2>{{cite news|last=Swinford|first=Steven|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/labour/11837454/Jeremy-Corbyn-campaigned-for-release-of-Embassy-bombers.html|title=Jeremy Corbyn campaigned for release of Embassy bombers|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|date=1 September 2015|access-date=2 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904001044/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/labour/11837454/Jeremy-Corbyn-campaigned-for-release-of-Embassy-bombers.html|archive-date=4 September 2015}}</ref>

Corbyn sat on the [[Department of Social Security (United Kingdom)|Social Security Select Committee]] from 1992 to 1997.<ref name="ParliamentBiography">[http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/jeremy-corbyn/185 "Jeremy Corbyn MP"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716154017/http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/Jeremy-Corbyn/185 |date=16 July 2015}}, parliament.uk; retrieved 22 September 2015.</ref>

====Irish politics====
A longstanding supporter of a [[united Ireland]], in the 1980s Corbyn met [[Sinn Féin]] leader [[Gerry Adams]] a number of times.<ref name=":0"/> Corbyn consistently stated that he maintained links with Sinn Fein in order to work for a resolution to the armed conflict.<ref name=":0"/> According to ''[[The Sunday Times]]'', Corbyn was involved in over 72 events connected with Sinn Féin or other pro-republican groups during the period of the IRA's paramilitary campaign.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/edition/election-2017/abbott-declared-support-for-ira-defeat-of-britain-rp79dvvmk|title=Abbott declared support for IRA defeat of Britain|last=Gilligan|first=Andrew|date=21 May 2017|work=The Sunday Times|access-date=21 May 2017|archive-date=21 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121125430/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-35371204|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}</ref>

Corbyn met Adams at the 1983 and 1989 Labour conferences (facilitated by pro-[[Provisional Irish Republican Army|IRA]] [[Red Action]])<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gilligan |first1=Andrew |title=Police examined Jeremy Corbyn links to pro-IRA group Red Action |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/crime/article/police-examined-jeremy-corbyn-links-to-pro-ira-group-red-action-f5vm32gc2 |access-date=11 November 2019 |work=The Sunday Times |date=19 August 2018 |archive-date=11 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111011003/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/police-examined-jeremy-corbyn-links-to-pro-ira-group-red-action-f5vm32gc2 |url-status=live }}</ref> and in 1983 at Westminster, along with a number of other Labour MPs.<ref>PhD Thesis: 'Analysis of the Development of the British Labour Movement's Policies and Attitudes Towards the Northern Ireland Problem 1979–1997' M. O'Donnell. University of Surrey, 1997. p90.</ref> In 1984, Corbyn and Ken Livingstone invited Adams, two convicted IRA volunteers and other members of Sinn Féin to Westminster.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=Worrall |first=Patrick |date=30 May 2017 |title=Corbyn on Northern Ireland |url=https://www.channel4.com/news/factcheck/factcheck-corbyn-on-northern-ireland |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222165024/https://www.channel4.com/news/factcheck/factcheck-corbyn-on-northern-ireland |archive-date=22 February 2018 |access-date=21 February 2018 |website=Channel 4 News}}</ref> He was criticised by the Labour Party leadership for the meeting, which took place two weeks after the IRA's [[Brighton hotel bombing|bombing]] of the Conservative Party leadership that killed five people.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/labour-frontrunner-corbyn-refuses-to-condemn-the-ira-31433660.html|title=Labour front-runner Corbyn refuses to condemn the IRA|newspaper=The Irish Independent|publisher=Independent News and Media|access-date=30 April 2017|archive-date=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811184325/http://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/labour-frontrunner-corbyn-refuses-to-condemn-the-ira-31433660.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34184265|title=The Jeremy Corbyn Story: Profile of Labour leader|last1=Wheeler|first1=Brian|date=24 September 2016|work=BBC News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912194927/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34184265|archive-date=12 September 2015|quote=He incurred the wrath of the Labour leadership early on his career when he invited two former IRA prisoners to speak at Westminster, two weeks after the Brighton bomb that had nearly killed Margaret Thatcher and her cabinet.}}</ref>

During the 1980s he campaigned on behalf of the [[Guildford Four]] and [[Birmingham Six]], who were wrongly convicted of responsibility for IRA bombings in England in the mid-1970s.<ref>Paul Hill, Ronan Bennett, ''Stolen Years'', Doubleday, 1990, p. 219.</ref><ref>Hughie Callaghan, Sally Mulready, ''Cruel Fate: One Man's Triumph Over Injustice'', University of Massachusetts Press, 1993, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ahfr6gkGMOYC&pg=PA178 178], [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ahfr6gkGMOYC&pg=PA191 191]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/2041634.stm "Jeremy Corbyn"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306184134/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/2041634.stm |date=6 March 2016}}, BBC News, 22 October 2002.</ref><ref>Peter Gruner, [http://www.islingtontribune.com/news/2013/jun/he-reaches-30-year-milestone-islington-north-labour-mp-jeremy-corbyn-reflects-his-care "As he reaches 30-year milestone, Islington North Labour MP Jeremy Corbyn reflects on his career in politics"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306010203/http://www.islingtontribune.com/news/2013/jun/he-reaches-30-year-milestone-islington-north-labour-mp-jeremy-corbyn-reflects-his-care |date=6 March 2016}}, ''Islington Tribune'', 7 June 2013.</ref><ref name="BirmBT">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/11245150/The-Birmingham-bombings-40-years-on-what-can-we-learn-from-IRA-terror.html|title=The Birmingham bombings 40 years on: what can we learn from IRA terror?|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|access-date=3 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925165209/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/11245150/The-Birmingham-bombings-40-years-on-what-can-we-learn-from-IRA-terror.html|archive-date=25 September 2015}}</ref> In 1986, Corbyn was arrested with 15 demonstrators protesting against what they saw as weak evidence and poor treatment during the trial of a group of IRA members including [[Patrick Magee (Irish republican)|Patrick Magee]], who was convicted of the Brighton hotel bombing and other attacks. After refusing police requests to move from outside the court, Corbyn and the other protesters were arrested for obstruction and held for five hours before being released on bail, but were not charged.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilligan|first=Andrew|url=https://www.thetimes.com/edition/news/jeremy-corbyn-was-arrested-at-ira-demo-brighton-bomber-solidarity-protest-old-bailey-labour-gd3tnhmrt|title=Jeremy Corbyn was arrested at IRA demo|work=The Sunday Times|date=14 May 2017|access-date=15 May 2017|archive-date=21 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121125430/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-35371204|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}</ref>

In 1987, Corbyn attended a commemoration by the [[Wolfe Tone Society]] in London for eight IRA members who were killed by [[Special Air Service]] soldiers [[Loughgall ambush|while attacking]] a [[Royal Ulster Constabulary]] police station in [[Loughgall]], [[County Armagh]]. At the commemoration, he told his fellow attendees that "I'm happy to commemorate all those who died fighting for an independent Ireland" and attacked the British government's policies in Northern Ireland, calling for all British troops to be withdrawn from the region.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/night-jeremy-corbyn-stood-in-honour-of-dead-ira-terrorists-1-7008757|title=Night Jeremy Corbyn stood in honour of dead IRA terrorists|website=www.newsletter.co.uk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605192657/http://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/night-jeremy-corbyn-stood-in-honour-of-dead-ira-terrorists-1-7008757|archive-date=5 June 2017}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-mi5">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/19/exclusive-mi5-opened-file-jeremy-corbyn-amid-concerns-ira-links/ |title=Exclusive: MI5 opened file on Jeremy Corbyn amid concerns over his IRA links |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520094724/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/19/exclusive-mi5-opened-file-jeremy-corbyn-amid-concerns-ira-links/ |archive-date=20 May 2017 |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=19 May 2017 |last1=Newell |first1=Claire |last2=Dixon |first2=Hayley |last3=Heighton |first3=Luke |last4=Yorke |first4=Harry}}</ref> Corbyn subsequently said that he had attended the event, which included a [[minute of silence]] for the eight IRA members, to "call for a peace and dialogue process".<ref name=ft30517>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/9f833a98-452c-11e7-8519-9f94ee97d996 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/9f833a98-452c-11e7-8519-9f94ee97d996 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|title=Spotlight falls on Jeremy Corbyn's links with Irish republicans|last=Wright|first=Robin|date=30 May 2017|access-date=14 November 2019|work=Financial Times}}</ref>

He voted against the 1985 [[Anglo-Irish Agreement]], saying "We believe that the agreement strengthens rather than weakens the border between the six and the 26 counties, and those of us who wish to see a United Ireland oppose the agreement for that reason."<ref name=":0" />

In the early 1990s, [[MI5]] opened a file on Corbyn to monitor his links to the IRA.<ref name="telegraph-mi5"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/mi5-jeremy-corbyn-files-kept-ira-sympathies-a7745966.html|title=MI5 'kept file on Jeremy Corbyn over his IRA sympathies'|date=20 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520052242/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/mi5-jeremy-corbyn-files-kept-ira-sympathies-a7745966.html|archive-date=20 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/mi5-had-file-on-jeremy-corbyn-over-ira-10885001|title=MI5 'had file on Jeremy Corbyn over IRA'|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621192504/https://news.sky.com/story/mi5-had-file-on-jeremy-corbyn-over-ira-10885001|archive-date=21 June 2017}}</ref>

In 1994, Corbyn signed a Commons motion condemning the 1974 [[Birmingham pub bombings]], which killed 21 people.<ref name=ft30517 />

A short time after IRA plans to bomb London were foiled in 1996, Corbyn invited Adams to the House of Commons for a press conference to promote Adams' autobiography, ''Before the Dawn''. Shadow Northern Ireland Secretary [[Mo Mowlam]] and Labour leader [[Tony Blair]] condemned the invitation, with Mowlam arguing that it was detrimental to the peace process, and Blair threatening disciplinary action.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://archive.org/stream/NewsUK1996UKEnglish/Sep%2026%201996%2C%20The%20Times%2C%20%2365694%2C%20UK%20%28en%29#mode/2up|title=Blair threatens to expel MP over Adams visit|last1=Webster|first1=Philip|date=26 September 1996|work=[[The Times]]|access-date=11 November 2019|last2=Watt|first2=Nicholas|issue=65694|page=1|last3=Landale|first3=James}}</ref> Adams cancelled the event, to save further embarrassment to Corbyn and to avoid negative publicity.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/adams-cancels-commons-visit-as-labour-criticises-corbyn-1.89558|title=Adams cancels Commons visit as Labour criticises Corbyn|last1=Millar|first1=Frank|date=26 September 1996|newspaper=The Irish Times|access-date=11 November 2019|archive-date=24 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724024141/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/adams-cancels-commons-visit-as-labour-criticises-corbyn-1.89558|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1998, he voted for the [[Good Friday Agreement]], saying he looked forward to "peace, hope and reconciliation in Ireland in the future."<ref name=":0" />

In 2017, Corbyn said that he had "never met the IRA", although Shadow Home Secretary [[Diane Abbott]] later clarified that although he had met members of the IRA, "he met with them in their capacity as activists in Sinn Fein".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politicshome.com/news/uk/home-affairs/terrorism/news/86282/diane-abbott-corbyn-met-ira-members-their-capacity-sinn|title=Diane Abbott: Corbyn met IRA members 'in their capacity as Sinn Fein activists'|last=PoliticsHome.com|date=27 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170527115822/https://www.politicshome.com/news/uk/home-affairs/terrorism/news/86282/diane-abbott-corbyn-met-ira-members-their-capacity-sinn|archive-date=27 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/ira-bombing-campaign-was-completely-wrong-because-it-killed-civilians-corbyn-35761761.html|title=IRA bombing campaign was completely wrong because it killed civilians – Corbyn|newspaper=Belfasttelegraph.co.uk|access-date=27 May 2017|archive-date=21 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121125430/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-35371204|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Labour in government (1997–2010)===
[[File:Jeremy Corbyn, 2006.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Corbyn on the backbenches in 2006]]
Between 1997 and 2010, during the [[New Labour]] governments, Corbyn was the Labour MP who voted most often against the party whip, including [[three-line whip]] votes. In 2005 he was identified as the second most rebellious Labour MP of all time during the New Labour governments.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cowley |first=Philip |title=The Rebels: How Blair mislaid his majority |year=2005 |page=18 |isbn=1-84275-127-1 |publisher=Politico's Publishing |location=London}} The most rebellious was Dennis Skinner who, unlike Corbyn, was a member of Parliament during the Labour government of 1974–79.</ref> He was the most rebellious Labour MP in the 1997–2001 Parliament,<ref>{{cite book |last=Cowley |first=Philip |title=Revolts and Rebellions: Parliamentary voting under Blair |publisher=Politico's Publishing |year=2002 |location=London |page=91 |isbn=1-84275-029-1}}</ref> the 2001–2005 Parliament<ref>{{cite book |last=Cowley |first=Philip |title=The Rebels: How Blair mislaid his majority |year=2005 |page=53 |isbn=1-84275-127-1 |publisher=Politico's Publishing |location=London}}</ref> and the 2005–2010 Parliament, defying the whip 428 times while Labour was in power.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/jeremy-corbyn-nick-brown-rebellions-blair-brown-strength-of-character_uk_58049770e4b0ee3352127fdd|title=Jeremy Corbyn's Votes Against Blair And Brown Showed His 'Strength Of Character' – Labour Chief Whip|date=17 October 2016|access-date=10 March 2019|archive-date=25 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925165012/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/jeremy-corbyn-nick-brown-rebellions-blair-brown-strength-of-character_uk_58049770e4b0ee3352127fdd|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]]'' described him as "a figure who for decades challenged them [Labour Party elites] from the backbench as one of the most rebellious left-wing members of parliament".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wainwright|first=Hilary|title=The Making of Jeremy Corbyn|journal=[[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]]|date=March 2016|url=https://www.jacobinmag.com/2016/03/tony-benn-corbyn-thatcher-labour-leadership/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513043111/https://www.jacobinmag.com/2016/03/tony-benn-corbyn-thatcher-labour-leadership/|archive-date=13 May 2016}}</ref>

Corbyn has called for [[Tony Blair]] to be investigated for alleged [[Iraq War documents leak|war crimes during the Iraq War]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jon |date=23 May 2016 |title=Jeremy Corbyn 'still prepared to call for Tony Blair war crimes investigation' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-still-prepared-to-call-for-war-crimes-investigation-into-tony-blair-a7042926.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012173013/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-still-prepared-to-call-for-war-crimes-investigation-into-tony-blair-a7042926.html |archive-date=12 October 2016 |access-date=31 October 2020 |work=The Independent}}</ref> In July 2016, the [[Chilcot Report]] of the [[Iraq Inquiry]] was issued, criticising Blair for joining the United States in the war against Iraq. Subsequently, Corbyn – who had voted against military action against Iraq – gave a speech in Westminster commenting: "I now apologise sincerely on behalf of my party for the disastrous decision to go to war in Iraq in March 2003" which he called an "act of military aggression launched on a false pretext" something that has "long been regarded as illegal by the overwhelming weight of international opinion".<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=7 July 2016 |title=Tony Blair says world is better as a result of Iraq War |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-36733979 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707103321/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-36733979 |archive-date=7 July 2016 |access-date=7 July 2016 |work=BBC News |quote=He said the report proved the Iraq War had been an "act of military aggression launched on a false pretext", something he said which has "long been regarded as illegal by the overwhelming weight of international opinion"}}</ref> Corbyn specifically apologised to "the people of Iraq"; to the families of British soldiers who died in Iraq or returned injured; and to "the millions of British citizens who feel our democracy was traduced and undermined by the way in which the decision to go to war was taken on."<ref name="Corbyn">Andrew Grice, [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-chilcot-report-iraq-war-inquiry-apology-tony-blair-labour-party-a7123461.html Jeremy Corbyn apologises on behalf of Labour for 'disastrous decision' to join Iraq War] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706173518/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-chilcot-report-iraq-war-inquiry-apology-tony-blair-labour-party-a7123461.html|date=6 July 2016}}, ''The Independent'' (6 July 2016).</ref>

Corbyn sat on the [[London Regional Select Committee]] from 2009 to 2010.<ref name="ParliamentBiography"/>

==== Stop the War Coalition and anti-war activism ====
[[File:Jeremy Corbyn MP speaks at anti-drones rally, 27 April 2013 (8689096394).jpg|thumb|Corbyn speaking at an anti-[[drone strike]] rally organised by the [[Stop the War Coalition]] in 2013|192x192px]]
In October 2001, Corbyn was elected to the steering committee of the [[Stop the War Coalition]], which was formed to oppose the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]] which started later that year. In 2002, Corbyn reported unrest : "there is disquiet...about issues of foreign policy" among some members of the Labour party. He cited "the deployment of troops to Afghanistan and the threat of bombing Iraq" as examples.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Edward|title=Labor [''sic''] Party plans challenge to Blair's leadership stance|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DzEzAAAAIBAJ&pg=6902%2C6043706|access-date=19 September 2015|work=[[The Free Lance-Star]]|agency=Associated Press|date=24 March 2002|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004042822/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DzEzAAAAIBAJ&pg=6902%2C6043706|url-status=live}}</ref> He was vehemently opposed to Britain's involvement in the [[Iraq War]] in 2003, and spoke at dozens of anti-war rallies in Britain and overseas. He spoke at the [[February 15, 2003 anti-war protest|February anti-Iraq War protest]] which was said to be the largest such protest in British political history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/jeremy-corbyn-2003-anti-iraq-war-speech-labour-leader-ahead-of-his-time_uk_577bbbe8e4b0f7b55795fa0a|title=Jeremy Corbyn's Passionate 2003 Anti-Iraq War Speech Reminds Us Where He's Always Stood|date=5 July 2016|website=HuffPost UK|access-date=16 February 2019|archive-date=16 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216212142/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/jeremy-corbyn-2003-anti-iraq-war-speech-labour-leader-ahead-of-his-time_uk_577bbbe8e4b0f7b55795fa0a|url-status=live}}</ref> At the same time, he expressed support for the Iraqi insurgency and the Palestinian intifada when he signed the second Cairo Declaration in December 2003, which said "The Iraqis themselves are now engaged in a titanic struggle to rid their country of occupying forces. The Palestinian intifada continues under the most difficult circumstances. The US administration threatens Iran and other countries on a daily basis. Now is the time to draw together the forces of resistance in the Arab world and from around the globe."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stopwar.org.uk/article.asp?id=250603|title=Call for the Second Cairo Conference Against US Aggression|date=25 July 2003|website=Stop the War Coalition|archive-date=6 August 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030806052448/http://www.stopwar.org.uk/article.asp?id=250603|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2004, Corbyn travelled to Israel with anti-war activist [[Betty Papworth]] to witness the release of the Israeli peace activist and whistle-blower [[Mordechai Vanunu]] from prison.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carrier |first=Dan |date=2008-08-14 |title=Betty Papworth |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2008/aug/15/1 |access-date=2025-06-19 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

In 2006, Corbyn was one of 12 Labour MPs to support [[Plaid Cymru]] and the [[Scottish National Party]]'s call for a [[Iraq Inquiry|parliamentary inquiry into the Iraq War]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/6104310.stm|title=Labour MPs who rebelled on Iraq|date=31 October 2006|access-date=31 October 2006|work=BBC News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630013226/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/6104310.stm|archive-date=30 June 2009}}</ref> He was elected chair of the coalition in succession to [[Andrew Murray (trade unionist)|Andrew Murray]] in September 2011, but resigned once he became [[Leader of the Labour Party (UK)|Leader of the Labour Party]] in September 2015.<ref>{{cite news|last=Nisbet|first=Robert|url=http://news.sky.com/story/1555714/corbyn-quits-anti-war-group-after-queen-poem|title=Corbyn Quits Anti-War Group After Queen Poem|publisher=Sky News|date=19 September 2015|access-date=20 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920190142/http://news.sky.com/story/1555714/corbyn-quits-anti-war-group-after-queen-poem|archive-date=20 September 2015}}</ref>

====Parliamentary groups and activism====
Corbyn is a member of a number of Parliamentary Trade Union Groups: he is sponsored by several trade unions, including [[UNISON]], [[Unite the Union|Unite]] and the [[National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers]]. He is a supporter of the [[Unite Against Fascism]] pressure group. Corbyn was chair of the [[All-Party Parliamentary Group]] (APPG) on the [[Chagos Islands]], chair of the APPG on Mexico, Vice-Chair of the APPG on Latin America and vice-chair of the APPG on Human Rights. He has advocated for the rights of the forcibly removed [[Chagossians]] to return to the [[British Indian Ocean Territory]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Mullin|first1=Chris|title=What's next for Comrade Corbyn?|url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/2016/02/whats-next-for-comrade-corbyn/|access-date=4 April 2017|magazine=Spectator|date=20 February 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404222317/https://www.spectator.co.uk/2016/02/whats-next-for-comrade-corbyn/|archive-date=4 April 2017}}</ref>

[[File:The People's Assembly National Demonstration Jeremy Corbyn MP 21 June 2014 124.jpg|thumb|left|Corbyn addressing London's [[People's Assembly Against Austerity|People's Assembly]] Demonstration in June 2014]]

Corbyn appeared on a call-in show on [[Press TV]], an Iranian government television channel, several times between 2009 and 2012. He was criticised for appearing on the channel in light of Iran executing and imprisoning homosexuals, as well as Corbyn not questioning contributors who called the BBC "Zionist liars" and described Israel as a "disease".<ref name=times02092016>{{cite news|last1=Keate|first1=Georgie|last2=Savage|first2=Michael|title=I used Iran TV role to promote human rights, insists Corbyn|url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/tv-radio/article/i-used-iran-tv-role-to-promote-human-rights-insists-corbyn-r085t37l8|work=[[The Times]]|date=2 September 2016|url-access=subscription|access-date=28 January 2017|archive-date=21 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121125430/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-35371204|url-status=live}}</ref> Corbyn said in response that he used the programme to address "human rights issues" and that his appearance fee was "not an enormous amount" and was used to help meet constituency office costs.<ref name="Payne">{{cite news|last=Payne|first=Adam|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/jeremy-corbyn-paid-iran-press-tv-tortured-journalist-2016-6|title=Jeremy Corbyn was paid by an Iranian state TV station that was complicit in the forced confession of a tortured journalist|work=Business Insider UK|date=2 July 2016|access-date=16 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817173559/http://www.businessinsider.com/jeremy-corbyn-paid-iran-press-tv-tortured-journalist-2016-6|archive-date=17 August 2016}}</ref><ref name=times02092016/> Corbyn's final appearance was six months after the network was fined by [[Ofcom]] for its part in filming an interview with [[Maziar Bahari]], an Iranian journalist, saying the interview had been held under duress and after torture.<ref name="Payne"/>

===Labour in opposition (2010–2015)===
In the [[2010 Labour Party leadership election (UK)|2010 Labour Party leadership election]], Corbyn supported Diane Abbott in the first round in which she was eliminated; thereafter, he supported [[Ed Miliband]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.labour.org.uk/leadership-mps-and-meps |title=Votes by MPs and MEPs |publisher=Labour Party |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101171158/http://www2.labour.org.uk/leadership-mps-and-meps |archive-date=1 January 2011}}</ref>

Corbyn was one of 16 signatories to an open letter to Ed Miliband in January 2015 calling for Labour to make a commitment to [[Anti-austerity movement in the United Kingdom|opposing further austerity]], to take [[Rail franchising in Great Britain|rail franchises]] back into [[Renationalisation of British Rail|public ownership]], and to strengthen [[collective bargaining]] arrangements.<ref name="plan">{{cite news|title=What is Jeremy Corbyn's programme for Government?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-33772024|access-date=12 September 2015|work=BBC News|date=14 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913053655/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-33772024|archive-date=13 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Eaton|first1=George|title=The Labour left demand a change of direction – why their intervention matters|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2015/01/labour-left-demand-change-direction-why-their-intervention-matters|access-date=5 April 2015|journal=[[New Statesman]]|date=26 January 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412090810/http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2015/01/labour-left-demand-change-direction-why-their-intervention-matters|archive-date=12 April 2015}}</ref>

Corbyn sat on the [[Justice Select Committee]] from 2010 to 2015.<ref name="ParliamentBiography"/> Before becoming party leader Corbyn had been returned as member of Parliament for Islington North seven times, gaining 60.24% of the vote and a majority of 21,194 in the [[2015 United Kingdom general election|2015 general election]].<ref>{{cite web|title = Jeremy Corbyn MP|url = http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/jeremy-corbyn/185|website = UK Parliament|access-date = 3 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150601032832/http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/Jeremy-Corbyn/185|archive-date = 1 June 2015|df = dmy-all}}</ref>

=== Leadership elections ===
{{Main|2015 Labour Party leadership election (UK)|Jeremy Corbyn 2015 Labour Party leadership campaign|2016 Labour Party leadership election (UK)}}
[[File:Official portrait of Jeremy Corbyn crop 2.jpg|thumb|Official portrait, 2017]]
Following the Labour Party's defeat at the general election on 7 May 2015, [[Ed Miliband]] resigned as its party leader, triggering a [[2015 Labour Party leadership election (UK)|leadership election]]. Corbyn decided to stand as a candidate, having been disillusioned by the lack of a left-wing voice, and said to his local newspaper, ''The [[Islington Tribune]]'', that he would have a "clear anti-austerity platform". He also said he would vote to scrap the Trident nuclear weapons system and would "seek to withdraw from NATO". He suggested that Britain should establish a national investment bank to boost house-building and improve economic growth and lift wages in areas that had less investment in infrastructure. He would also aim to eliminate the current budget deficit over time and restore the 50p top rate of income tax.<ref name="Gn1508072">{{cite news |last=Watt |first=Nicholas |date=7 August 2015 |title=Jeremy Corbyn: 'We are not doing celebrity, personality or abusive politics – this is about hope' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/aug/07/jeremy-corbyn-interview-we-are-not-doing-celebrity-personality-or-abusive-politics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407085709/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/aug/07/jeremy-corbyn-interview-we-are-not-doing-celebrity-personality-or-abusive-politics |archive-date=7 April 2017 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> He added: "This decision is in response to an overwhelming call by Labour Party members who want to see a broader range of candidates and a thorough debate about the future of the party. I am standing to give Labour Party members a voice in this debate".<ref name="BBC News 3 June 20152">{{cite news |date=3 June 2015 |title=Labour leadership: Jeremy Corbyn enters race |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-33000155 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150603214622/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-33000155 |archive-date=3 June 2015 |access-date=3 June 2015 |website=[[BBC News Online]]}}</ref> He indicated that, if he were elected, policies that he put forward would need to be approved by party members before being adopted and that he wanted to "implement the democratic will of our party".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Corbyn |first1=Jeremy |date=26 August 2015 |title=Labour must clean up the mess it made with PFI, and save the health service |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/aug/26/pfi-labour-nhs-health-service-private-finance-initiative |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921153327/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/aug/26/pfi-labour-nhs-health-service-private-finance-initiative |archive-date=21 September 2016 |access-date=24 March 2019 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> The other candidates were Shadow Home Secretary [[Yvette Cooper]], Shadow Health Secretary [[Andy Burnham]] and Shadow Care Minister [[Liz Kendall]].<ref>{{cite news |date=15 June 2015 |title=Labour leadership: Jeremy Corbyn completes the line-up |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-33127323 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901132337/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-33127323 |archive-date=1 September 2015 |access-date=16 September 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mason |first1=Rowena |last2=Halliday |first2=Josh |date=17 August 2015 |title=Ballots sent out in Labour leadership vote |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/aug/17/ballots-sent-out-in-labour-leadership-vote |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914215537/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/aug/17/ballots-sent-out-in-labour-leadership-vote |archive-date=14 September 2015 |access-date=16 September 2015 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> Several who nominated Corbyn later said they had ensured he had enough votes to stand, more to widen the political debate within the party than because of a desire or expectation that he would win.<ref name="nominators2">{{cite web |last1=Cox |first1=Jo |last2=Coyle |first2=Neil |date=6 May 2016 |title=We nominated Jeremy Corbyn for the leadership. Now we regret it |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/may/06/jeremy-corbyn-leadership-labour-mps-elections |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520031532/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/may/06/jeremy-corbyn-leadership-labour-mps-elections |archive-date=20 May 2016 |access-date=21 May 2016 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="Corbyn nominees opposed2">{{cite news |last1=Hope |first1=Christopher |date=22 July 2015 |title=Half of the Labour MPs who backed Jeremy Corbyn desert to rival candidates |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/labour/11756688/Half-of-the-Labour-MPs-who-backed-Jeremy-Corbyn-desert-him.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406203138/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/labour/11756688/Half-of-the-Labour-MPs-who-backed-Jeremy-Corbyn-desert-him.html |archive-date=6 April 2016 |access-date=21 May 2016 |website=Daily Telegraph}}</ref>

At the Second Reading of the [[Welfare Reform and Work Bill]] in July 2015, Corbyn joined 47 Labour MPs to oppose the Bill, describing it as "rotten and indefensible", whilst the other three leadership candidates abstained under direction from interim leader Harriet Harman.<ref>{{cite web |last=Demianyk |first=Graeme |date=22 July 2015 |title=Jeremy Corbyn Voted Against Welfare Bill Because It Was 'Rotten And Indefensible' |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/07/22/jeremy-corbyn-welfare-bill-labour-leader_n_7849434.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130002/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/07/22/jeremy-corbyn-welfare-bill-labour-leader_n_7849434.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |work=Huffington Post}}</ref> In August 2015, he called on [[Iain Duncan Smith]] to resign as [[Secretary of State for Work and Pensions]] after it was reported that thousands of disabled people had died after being found fit to work by [[Work Capability Assessment]]s (instituted in 2008) between 2011 and 2014, although this was challenged by the government and by FullFact who said that the figure included those who had died and therefore their claim had ended, rather than being found fit for work.<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jon |date=28 August 2015 |title=Iain Duncan Smith 'should resign over disability benefit death figures', says Jeremy Corbyn |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/iain-duncan-smith-should-resign-over-disability-benefit-death-figures-says-jeremy-corbyn-10475017.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150827151224/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/iain-duncan-smith-should-resign-over-disability-benefit-death-figures-says-jeremy-corbyn-10475017.html |archive-date=27 August 2015 |newspaper=The Independent}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=28 August 2015 |title=Reporting on 'fit for work' deaths isn't fit for purpose |url=https://fullfact.org/economy/reporting-fit-work-deaths-isnt-fit-purpose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219031358/https://fullfact.org/economy/reporting-fit-work-deaths-isnt-fit-purpose/ |archive-date=19 February 2018 |access-date=18 February 2018 |website=Full Fact}}</ref>

Corbyn rapidly became the frontrunner among the candidates and was perceived to benefit from a large influx of new members. Hundreds of supporters turned out to hear him speak at the [[husting]]s across the nation and their enthusiastic reception and support for him was dubbed "Corbynmania" by the press.<ref name="LPP2">{{citation |last=Roe |first=Kevin |title=Leadership: Practice and Perspectives |pages=36–37 |year=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780198777106}}</ref> Membership numbers continued to climb after the start of his leadership.<ref name="ibtimes"/><ref name="bbc-20150812">{{cite news |date=12 August 2015 |title=Labour leadership: Huge increase in party's electorate |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-33892407 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929072843/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-33892407 |archive-date=29 September 2015 |access-date=15 September 2015 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> In addition, following a rule change under Miliband, members of the public who supported Labour's aims and values could join the party as "registered supporters" for £3 and be entitled to vote in the election.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-33849773 "How is Labour vetting new members?"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831185202/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-33849773|date=31 August 2015}}, bbc.co.uk; retrieved 20 September 2015.</ref> There was speculation that the rule change would lead to Corbyn being elected by registered supporters without majority support from ordinary members.<ref name="IndyIndy2">{{cite news |last1=Stone |first1=Jon |date=12 September 2015 |title=Jeremy Corbyn won a landslide with full Labour party members, not just £3 supporters |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-won-a-landslide-with-full-labour-party-members-not-just-3-supporters-10498221.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923031800/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-won-a-landslide-with-full-labour-party-members-not-just-3-supporters-10498221.html |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=20 September 2015 |work=The Independent}}</ref> He was elected party leader in a landslide victory on 12 September 2015 with 59.5% of first-preference votes in the first round of voting.<ref name="Mason2">{{cite news |last=Mason |first=Rowena |date=12 September 2015 |title=Labour leadership: Jeremy Corbyn elected with huge mandate |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/sep/12/jeremy-corbyn-wins-labour-party-leadership-election |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917033507/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/sep/12/jeremy-corbyn-wins-labour-party-leadership-election |archive-date=17 September 2015 |access-date=16 September 2015 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> He would have won in the first round with 51% of votes, even without "£3 registered supporters", having gained the support of 49.6% of full members and 57.6% of affiliated supporters.<ref name="IndyIndy2" /><ref>{{cite news |date=12 September 2015 |title=Labour leadership results in full |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34221155 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913022414/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34221155 |archive-date=13 September 2015 |website=BBC News}}</ref> His 40.5% majority was a larger proportional majority than that attained by Tony Blair in [[1994 Labour Party leadership election|1994]].<ref>{{cite news |date=12 September 2015 |title=Jeremy Corbyn wins Labour leadership contest |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34223157 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912024752/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34223157 |archive-date=12 September 2015 |access-date=12 September 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="Mason2" /> His margin of victory was said to be "the largest mandate ever won by a party leader".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Eaton |first1=George |date=12 September 2015 |title=The epic challenges facing Jeremy Corbyn as Labour leader |url=http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2015/09/epic-challenges-facing-jeremy-corbyn-labour-leader |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923085835/http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2015/09/epic-challenges-facing-jeremy-corbyn-labour-leader |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=20 September 2015 |work=New Statesman |quote=Jeremy Corbyn's landslide victory – the largest mandate ever won by a party leader – will at least come as no surprise to him.}}</ref>

An internal Labour Party report, entitled ''[[The work of the Labour Party's Governance and Legal Unit in relation to antisemitism, 2014–2019]]'', was leaked to the media in April 2020. The report stated that during the 2015 and 2016 leadership contests, staff members at Labour party headquarters looked for ways to exclude from voting members who they believed would vote for Corbyn. The staff members referred to this activity as "[[Trotskyism|trot]] busting", "bashing trots" and "trot spotting".<ref name="independent130420">{{cite news |last1=Stone |first1=Jon |date=13 April 2020 |title=Anti-Corbyn Labour officials worked to lose general election to oust leader, leaked dossier finds |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/labour-leak-report-corbyn-election-whatsapp-antisemitism-tories-yougov-poll-a9462456.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220608/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/labour-leak-report-corbyn-election-whatsapp-antisemitism-tories-yougov-poll-a9462456.html |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=3 September 2020 |work=The Independent}}</ref>

==== Corbynmania ====
[[File:Jeremy_Corbyn_rally_2016.jpg|right|thumb|A rally in [[Bristol]] during Corbyn's [[Jeremy Corbyn 2015 Labour Party leadership campaign|leadership campaign in 2016]]. Corbyn returned to College Green in 2019 for an election rally but his reception was then less enthusiastic.<ref>{{citation |author=John Crace |title=Corbyn plays all the old favourites in Bristol but no one's dancing |date=9 December 2019 |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/dec/09/corbyn-plays-all-the-old-favourites-in-bristol-but-no-ones-dancing |access-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802042918/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/dec/09/corbyn-plays-all-the-old-favourites-in-bristol-but-no-ones-dancing |archive-date=2 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Corbyn was initially viewed as a [[Tokenism#In politics|token candidate]] for the left wing of the party and not expected to win. However, many new, young party members, who had joined after the membership fee had been reduced to £3, were attracted by what they saw as Corbyn's [[Authentic leadership|authentic]], informal style and radical policies.<ref>{{citation |last=Azhar |first=Mobeen |title=Where is Labour's 'Jeremy Corbyn mania' coming from? |date=13 August 2015 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-33881104 |access-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106024125/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-33881104 |archive-date=6 November 2018 |url-status=live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Hundreds of supporters turned out to hear him speak at the [[husting]]s across the nation and their enthusiastic reception and support for him was dubbed "Corbynmania" by the press.<ref name="LPP2"/>

Jonathan Dean characterised Corbynmania as a political [[fandom]], comparable with the enthusiastic followings of popular media stars and other modern politicians such as [[Bernie Sanders]] and [[Justin Trudeau]]. Specific features included use of the #jezwecan [[hashtag]], attendance at rallies and the posting of pictures such as [[selfie]]s on social media. Artistic, merchandising and other activity consolidated and spread this fannish enthusiasm. This included a "Jeremy Corbyn for Prime Minister" (JC4PM) tour by celebrities such as [[Charlotte Church]], [[Jeremy Hardy]] and [[Maxine Peake]]; a Corbyn superhero comic book; mash-ups and videos. Many of Corbyn's supporters felt he possessed personal qualities such as earnestness and modesty leading them to develop a sense of emotional attachment to him as individual. These were seen as cultish by critics such as [[Margaret Beckett]] who said in 2016 that the Labour Party had been turned into the "Jeremy Corbyn Fan Club".<ref name="Dean">{{citation |last=Dean |first=Jonathan |title=Politicising Fandom |journal=British Journal of Politics and International Relations |volume=19 |number=2 |pages=408–424 |year=2017 |url=http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/113409/3/DeanPoliticising%20Fandom.pdf |access-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124200441/http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/113409/3/DeanPoliticising%20Fandom.pdf |archive-date=24 January 2021 |url-status=live |doi=10.1177/1369148117701754 |issn=1369-1481 |s2cid=219972166}}</ref>

A [[chant]] of "Oh, Jeremy Corbyn" was adopted as an anthem or chorus by his supporters. Sung in the style of a [[football chant]] to the tune of a [[riff]] from "[[Seven Nation Army#"Oh Jeremy Corbyn"|Seven Nation Army]]" by [[The White Stripes]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Harrison |first=Andrew |date=7 October 2017 |title='Oh, Jeremy Corbyn' – how Seven Nation Army inspired the political chant of a generation |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/oct/07/oh-jeremy-corbyn-chant-white-stripes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907073807/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/oct/07/oh-jeremy-corbyn-chant-white-stripes |archive-date=7 September 2018 |access-date=31 October 2020 |work=The Observer |issn=0029-7712}}</ref> it attracted special attention at the [[Glastonbury Festival 2017]], where Corbyn appeared and spoke to the crowds.<ref name="G">{{citation |last=Shabi |first=Rachel |title=Corbynmania isn't dangerous – there's irony in those chants |date=20 July 2017 |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jul/20/jeremy-corbyn-corbynmania-dangerous-supporters-young-people-labour |access-date=5 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802022236/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jul/20/jeremy-corbyn-corbynmania-dangerous-supporters-young-people-labour |archive-date=2 August 2020 |url-status=live |author-link=Rachel Shabi}}</ref><ref name="T">{{citation |last1=Humphries |first1=Will |title=Corbynmania rocks the crowd at Glastonbury festival |date=24 June 2017 |newspaper=[[The Times]] |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/corbynmania-rocks-the-crowd-at-glastonbury-mz5mvlwr6 |access-date=5 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806060645/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/corbynmania-rocks-the-crowd-at-glastonbury-mz5mvlwr6 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |url-status=live |last2=Burgess |first2=Kaya}}</ref><ref name="E">{{citation |author=Bagehot |title=Sounding the death knell for Corbynmania |date=4 May 2018 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |url=https://www.economist.com/bagehots-notebook/2018/05/04/sounding-the-death-knell-for-corbynmania |access-date=5 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524022547/https://www.economist.com/bagehots-notebook/2018/05/04/sounding-the-death-knell-for-corbynmania |archive-date=24 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Labour's weaker-than-expected performance in the [[2018 United Kingdom local elections|2018 local elections]] led to suggestions that Corbynmania had peaked.<ref name="E" /><ref>{{citation |last=Baxter |first=Sarah |title=Corbyn plays the patriotic card — but gets a red one |date=8 July 2018 |newspaper=The Sunday Times |url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/corbyn-plays-the-patriotic-card-but-gets-a-red-one-3f6hr7clw |access-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806033052/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/corbyn-plays-the-patriotic-card-but-gets-a-red-one-3f6hr7clw |archive-date=6 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Leadership of the Labour Party (2015–2020)==
{{Main|Labour Party leadership of Jeremy Corbyn}}

=== First term as Leader of the Opposition (2015–2017) ===
[[File:Corbyn_trident.jpg|thumb|Corbyn speaking at the #StopTrident rally at [[Trafalgar Square]] on 27 February 2016]]
After being elected leader, Corbyn became [[Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)|Leader of the Official Opposition]] and shortly thereafter his appointment to the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]] was announced.<ref>{{cite news |date=12 September 2015 |title=Reaction to Corbyn victory |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-politics-34205207 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912103046/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-politics-34205207 |archive-date=12 September 2015 |access-date=12 September 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=16 September 2015 |title=Will Jeremy Corbyn kneel to The Queen at Privy Council ceremony? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-34275164 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918224043/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-34275164 |archive-date=18 September 2015 |access-date=23 September 2015 |publisher=bbc.com}}</ref> In Corbyn's first [[Prime Minister's Questions]] session as leader, he broke with the traditional format by asking the Prime Minister six questions he had received from members of the public, the result of his invitation to Labour Party members to send suggestions, for which he received around 40,000 emails.<ref>{{cite news |date=16 September 2015 |title=Jeremy Corbyn asks David Cameron 'questions from public' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34264683 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916012622/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34264683 |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=16 September 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Corbyn stressed his desire to reduce the "theatrical" nature of the House of Commons, and his début was described in a ''[[The Guardian|Guardian]]'' editorial as "a good start" and a "long overdue" change to the tone of PMQs.<ref>{{cite news |date=16 September 2015 |title=The Guardian view on Jeremy Corbyn's PMQs debut: a very reasonable start |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/sep/16/the-guardian-view-on-jeremy-corbyns-pmqs-debut-a-very-reasonable-start |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009023237/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/sep/16/the-guardian-view-on-jeremy-corbyns-pmqs-debut-a-very-reasonable-start |archive-date=9 October 2015 |access-date=16 September 2015 |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London}}</ref> He delivered his first Labour Party Conference address as leader on 29 September 2015.<ref>{{cite news |date=29 September 2015 |title=Jeremy Corbyn says Britain 'can and must change' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34385586 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929190702/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34385586 |archive-date=29 September 2015 |access-date=30 September 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Party membership nearly doubled between the May 2015 election and October 2015, attributed largely to the election as leader of Corbyn.<ref name="ibtimes">{{cite news |last=Piggott |first=Mark |date=8 October 2015 |title=Jeremy Corbyn: Membership of Labour party has doubled since 2015 general election |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/jeremy-corbyn-membership-labour-party-has-doubled-since-2015-general-election-1523171 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205131359/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/jeremy-corbyn-membership-labour-party-has-doubled-since-2015-general-election-1523171 |archive-date=5 December 2016 |access-date=11 October 2016 |work=International Business Times}}</ref>

In September 2015 an unnamed senior serving general in the British Army stated that a mutiny by the Army could occur if a future Corbyn government moved to scrap Trident, pull out of Nato or reduce the size of the armed forces. The general said "the Army just wouldn't stand for it. The general staff would not allow a prime minister to jeopardise the security of this country and I think people would use whatever means possible, fair or foul to prevent that. You can't put a maverick in charge of a country's security".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mortimer |first1=Caroline |date=20 September 2015 |title=British Army 'could stage mutiny under Corbyn', says senior serving general |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/british-army-could-stage-mutiny-under-corbyn-says-senior-serving-general-10509742.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220608/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/british-army-could-stage-mutiny-under-corbyn-says-senior-serving-general-10509742.html |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=4 April 2019 |newspaper=The Independent}}</ref>

In July 2016, a study and analysis by academics from the [[London School of Economics]] of national newspaper articles about Corbyn in the first months of his leadership of Labour showed that 75% of them either distorted or failed to represent his actual views on subjects.<ref name="independent12">{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jon |date=16 July 2016 |title=Three-quarters of newspaper stories about Jeremy Corbyn fail to accurately report his views, LSE study finds |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-media-bias-attacks-75-per-cent-three-quarters-fail-to-accurately-report-a7140681.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621102036/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-media-bias-attacks-75-per-cent-three-quarters-fail-to-accurately-report-a7140681.html |archive-date=21 June 2017 |access-date=29 May 2017 |newspaper=[[The Independent]]}}</ref><ref name="independent22">{{cite news |last=Cammaerts |first=Bart |date=19 July 2016 |title=Our report found that 75% of press coverage misrepresents Jeremy Corbyn – we can't ignore media bias anymore |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/jeremy-corbyn-media-bias-labour-mainstream-press-lse-study-misrepresentation-we-cant-ignore-bias-a7144381.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609044929/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/jeremy-corbyn-media-bias-labour-mainstream-press-lse-study-misrepresentation-we-cant-ignore-bias-a7144381.html |archive-date=9 June 2017 |access-date=29 May 2017 |newspaper=[[The Independent]]}}</ref>

=== 2017 general election ===
[[File:Labour_Party_General_Election_Launch_2017.jpg|thumb|Corbyn with members of his [[Shadow Cabinet]] in [[EventCity]], Greater Manchester, at the Labour Party 2017 General Election Launch]]
The Labour campaign in the [[2017 United Kingdom general election|2017 general election]] focused on social issues such as health care, education and ending austerity.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bell |first1=Emma |date=11 July 2018 |title=The 2017 Labour General Election Campaign: Ushering in a 'New Politics'? |journal=Revue française de civilisation britannique |volume=23 |issue=2 |page=38 |doi=10.4000/rfcb.2029 |issn=2429-4373 |s2cid=158258323 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Corbyn's election campaign was run under the slogan "For the Many, Not the Few"<ref>{{cite news |last1=Frankel |first1=Alex |date=7 June 2016 |title='For the many, not the few' asks voters to see the world differently. It could work |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jun/07/for-the-many-not-the-few-asks-voters-to-see-the-world-differently-it-could-work |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324111856/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jun/07/for-the-many-not-the-few-asks-voters-to-see-the-world-differently-it-could-work |archive-date=24 March 2019 |access-date=24 March 2019 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> and featured rallies with a large audience and connected with a [[grassroots]] following for the party, including appearing on stage in front of a crowd of 20,000 at the Wirral Live Festival in [[Prenton Park]].<ref>{{cite news |date=21 May 2017 |title=Jeremy Corbyn takes to the stage as warm up act for the Libertines |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/21/jeremy-corbyn-takes-stage-warm-act-libertines/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522034503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/21/jeremy-corbyn-takes-stage-warm-act-libertines/ |archive-date=22 May 2017 |access-date=14 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=22 May 2017 |title=Jeremy Corbyn Gatecrashes Wirral Live Music Festival Headlined By The Libertines |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/jeremy-corbyn-wirral-live-libertines_uk_5921ab9de4b034684b0d091f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616103158/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/jeremy-corbyn-wirral-live-libertines_uk_5921ab9de4b034684b0d091f |archive-date=16 June 2017 |access-date=14 June 2017 |work=Huffington Post}}</ref>

Although Labour started the campaign as far as 20 points behind, and again finished as the second largest party in parliament, it increased its share of the popular vote to 40%, resulting in a net gain of 30 seats and a hung parliament. This was its greatest vote share since [[2001 United Kingdom general election|2001]]. It was the first time Labour had made a net gain of seats since 1997, and the party's 9.6% increase in vote share was its largest in a single general election since 1945.<ref name="ftge20172">{{cite news |last1=Pickard |first1=Jim |date=9 June 2017 |title=Jeremy Corbyn confounds critics with 'gobsmacking' gain |url=https://www.ft.com/content/907f0208-4c92-11e7-919a-1e14ce4af89b |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611053334/https://www.ft.com/content/907f0208-4c92-11e7-919a-1e14ce4af89b |archive-date=11 June 2017 |access-date=9 June 2017 |publisher=FT}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=9 June 2017 |title=UK election 2017: Conservatives 'to fall short of majority' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/election-2017-40209282 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609030540/http://www.bbc.com/news/election-2017-40209282 |archive-date=9 June 2017 |access-date=9 June 2017 |work=BBC News}}</ref> This was partly attributed to the popularity of its 2017 Manifesto that promised to scrap tuition fees, address public sector pay, make housing more affordable, end austerity, nationalise the railways and provide school students with free lunches.<ref>{{cite web |last=Travis |first=Alan, and Phillip Inman |date=1 June 2017 |title=Labour manifesto 2017: the key points, pledges and analysis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/may/16/labour-manifesto-analysis-key-points-pledges |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224061843/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/may/16/labour-manifesto-analysis-key-points-pledges |archive-date=24 December 2019 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Stewart |first=Heather |date=22 September 2017 |title=The inside story of Labour's election shock |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/sep/22/the-inside-story-of-labours-election-shock-jeremy-corbyn |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703145912/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/sep/22/the-inside-story-of-labours-election-shock-jeremy-corbyn |archive-date=3 July 2019 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |date=11 July 2017 |title=Why people voted Labour or Conservative at the 2017 general election |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2017/07/11/why-people-voted-labour-or-conservative-2017-gener |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926214651/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2017/07/11/why-people-voted-labour-or-conservative-2017-gener |archive-date=26 September 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref>

=== 2019 general election and resignation ===
{{Main|2019 United Kingdom general election}}
[[File:Launching_the_2019_General_Election_campaign_(49013452132).jpg|thumb|Corbyn launching the Labour Party's [[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019 general election]] campaign]]
In May 2019, [[Theresa May]] announced her resignation and stood down as prime minister in July, following the election of her replacement, former [[Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)|Foreign Secretary]] [[Boris Johnson]].<ref name="bbc pm announcement">{{cite news |date=23 July 2019 |title=UK waits for prime minister announcement |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-politics-49073992 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929123230/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-politics-49073992 |archive-date=29 September 2023 |access-date=23 July 2019 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Corbyn said that Labour was ready to fight an election against Johnson.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mason |first=Rowena |date=28 July 2019 |title=Corbyn: I'm ready to fight Boris Johnson in a general election |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/jul/28/corbyn-worried-boris-johnson-election-labour-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810185835/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/jul/28/corbyn-worried-boris-johnson-election-labour-brexit |archive-date=10 August 2019 |access-date=10 August 2019 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>
[[File:Jeremy_Corbyn_at_Nottingham_Castle_(49168555938).jpg|thumb|Corbyn campaigning in the 2019 general election at [[Nottingham Castle]]]]
The 2019 Labour Party Manifesto included policies to increase funding for health, negotiate a Brexit deal and hold a referendum giving a choice between the deal and remain, raise the minimum wage, stop the pension age increase, nationalise key industries, and replace [[universal credit]].<ref>{{cite news |date=21 November 2019 |title=Labour Party manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50501411 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127201836/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50501411 |archive-date=27 November 2019 |access-date=20 December 2019 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Due to the plans to nationalise the "big six" energy firms, the National Grid, the water industry, Royal Mail, the railways and the broadband arm of BT, the 2019 manifesto was widely considered as the most radical in several decades, more closely resembling Labour's politics of the 1970s than subsequent decades.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mason |first=Paul |date=15 August 2016 |title=The parallels between Jeremy Corbyn and Michael Foot are almost all false |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/commentisfree/2016/aug/15/the-parallels-between-jeremy-corbyn-and-michael-foot-are-almost-all-false |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403204612/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/commentisfree/2016/aug/15/the-parallels-between-jeremy-corbyn-and-michael-foot-are-almost-all-false |archive-date=3 April 2019 |access-date=20 December 2019 |work=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

During the campaign for the upcoming general elections, Corbyn was accused by the [[Hindu Council UK]] of promoting [[anti-Hindu sentiment]]s<ref>{{cite web |date=27 November 2019 |title=Fresh blow for Labour as Hindu Council claims party discriminates against community |url=https://www.politicshome.com/news/uk/political-parties/labour-party/jeremy-corbyn/news/108229/fresh-blow-labour-hindu-council |access-date=1 December 2019 |website=Politics Home}}</ref> following his disparaging comments on the [[Caste system in India|caste system]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ehsaan |first=Rakib |date=17 May 2017 |title=How the Conservatives stole the British Indian vote from Labour |url=https://theconversation.com/how-the-conservatives-stole-the-british-indian-vote-from-labour-77275 |work=The Conversation |quote=Corbyn’s opposition to the caste system also puts him at odds with those British Hindus and Sikhs who object to politicians intervening on culturally sensitive issues.}}</ref> and his condemnation of the [[Hindutva|Hindu-right]] wing [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] led Indian government's [[revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite web |date=12 November 2019 |title=General election 2019: Labour seeks to calm Hindu voters' anger |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/election-2019-50382791 |access-date=1 December 2019 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Many [[Hinduism in the United Kingdom|Hindus living in the UK]] saw Corbyn's attitude towards Hindus to be heavily influenced by [[British Pakistanis|Pakistani]] [[Islam in the United Kingdom|Muslim]] leaders of his party,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roy |first=Amit |date=13 December 2019 |title=Indians punish Corbyn over Kashmir |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/amp/world/indians-punish-corbyn-over-kashmir/cid/1726627 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref> with whom he shared a common pro-Palestinian stance.

The [[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019 general election]] was the worst defeat in seats for Labour since 1935, with Labour winning just 202 out of 650 seats, their fourth successive election defeat.<ref>{{cite news |last=Watson |first=Iain |date=13 December 2019 |title=General election 2019: Does Labour need a new direction after Corbyn? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50787431 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406071752/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50787431 |archive-date=6 April 2020 |access-date=14 December 2019 |website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=13 December 2019 |title=Jeremy Corbyn: 'I did everything I could to lead Labour' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/election-2019-50784811 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218143311/https://www.bbc.com/news/election-2019-50784811 |archive-date=18 December 2019 |access-date=20 December 2019 |work=BBC News}}</ref> At 32.2%, Labour's share of the vote was down around eight points on the 2017 general election and is lower than that achieved by Neil Kinnock in 1992, although it was higher than in 2010 and 2015. In the aftermath, opinions differed to why the Labour Party was defeated to the extent it was. The Shadow Chancellor [[John McDonnell]] largely blamed [[Brexit]] and the [[Media bias|media representation]] of the party.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 December 2019 |title=Labour leadership race threatens party civil war as MPs fear 'continuity Corbyn' figure |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/labour-leadership-contest-corbyn-rebecca-long-bailey-emily-thornberry-a9247966.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217040329/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/labour-leadership-contest-corbyn-rebecca-long-bailey-emily-thornberry-a9247966.html |archive-date=17 December 2019 |access-date=20 December 2019 |work=The Independent}}</ref> [[Tony Blair]] argued that the party's unclear position on Brexit and the economic policy pursued by the Corbyn leadership were to blame.<ref>{{cite news |date=18 December 2019 |title=General election 2019: Blair attacks Corbyn's 'comic indecision' on Brexit |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/election-2019-50829352 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228223454/https://www.bbc.com/news/election-2019-50829352 |archive-date=28 December 2019 |access-date=29 December 2019 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Blair: 2019 general election result 'brought shame on us' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-politics-50834895/blair-2019-general-election-result-brought-shame-on-us |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219132205/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-politics-50834895/blair-2019-general-election-result-brought-shame-on-us |archive-date=19 December 2019 |access-date=29 December 2019 |work=BBC News}}</ref>

Following the Labour Party's unsuccessful performance in the 2019 general election, Corbyn [[Concession (politics)|conceded defeat]] and stated that he intended to step down as leader following the election of a successor and that he would not lead the party into the next election.<ref name="Reflection">{{cite web |author=Thomas Colson and Adam Bienkov |date=12 December 2019 |title=Jeremy Corbyn announces he will resign as Labour Party leader |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/jeremy-corbyn-resigns-as-labour-party-leader-after-election-defeat-2019-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326034336/https://www.businessinsider.com/jeremy-corbyn-resigns-as-labour-party-leader-after-election-defeat-2019-12 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=13 December 2019 |website=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=13 December 2019 |title=Jeremy Corbyn: 'I will not lead Labour at next election' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50766114 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214155812/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50766114 |archive-date=14 December 2019 |access-date=4 April 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Corbyn himself was re-elected for Islington North with 64.3% of the vote share and a majority of 26,188 votes over the runner-up candidate representing the Liberal Democrats, with Labour's share of the vote falling by 8.7%.<ref>{{cite news |title=Islington North Parliamentary constituency |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/politics/constituencies/E14000763 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191201071705/https://www.bbc.com/news/politics/constituencies/E14000763 |archive-date=1 December 2019 |access-date=23 December 2019 |website=BBC}}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'' described the results as a "realignment" of UK politics as the Conservative landslide took many traditionally Labour seats in England and Wales.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=13 December 2019 |title=Election result signifies realignment of UK politics |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/dec/13/election-result-signifies-realignment-of-uk-politics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213165737/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/dec/13/election-result-signifies-realignment-of-uk-politics |archive-date=13 December 2019 |access-date=14 December 2019 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Corbyn insisted that he had "pride in the manifesto" that Labour put forward and blamed the defeat on Brexit.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mason |first1=Rowena |last2=Walker |first2=Peter |date=13 December 2019 |title=Jeremy Corbyn 'very sad' at election defeat but feels proud of manifesto |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/dec/13/jeremy-corbyn-very-sad-at-election-defeat-but-feels-proud-of-manifesto |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213151002/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/dec/13/jeremy-corbyn-very-sad-at-election-defeat-but-feels-proud-of-manifesto |archive-date=13 December 2019 |access-date=14 December 2019 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> According to polling by the Conservative peer [[Lord Ashcroft]], Corbyn was himself a major contribution to the party's defeat.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ash |first1=Sebastien |last2=Stamp |first2=Gavin |date=11 February 2020 |title=Poll fuels debate on why Labour lost election |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51457739 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226050843/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51457739 |archive-date=26 February 2020 |access-date=26 February 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Corbyn remained Labour leader for four months while the [[2020 Labour Party leadership election (UK)|leadership election]] to replace him took place. His resignation as Labour leader formally took effect in April 2020 following the election of [[Keir Starmer]].

== Post-leadership ==
=== EHRC report and suspension ===
On 29 October 2020, a report by the [[Equalities and Human Rights Commission]] into [[antisemitism in the Labour Party]] was published, finding that the party was responsible for unlawful acts of harassment and discrimination.<ref>{{cite web |title=EHRC Response |url=https://labour.org.uk/antisemitism/ehrc-report/ |access-date=13 October 2021 |website=The Labour Party |archive-date=27 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027175739/https://labour.org.uk/antisemitism/ehrc-report/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-54730425 |title=Labour suspends Jeremy Corbyn over reaction to anti-Semitism report |work=BBC News |date=29 October 2020 }}</ref> In response to the report, Corbyn said that while antisemitism was "absolutely abhorrent" and that "one anti-Semite [in the Labour Party] is one too many", he said that "the scale of the problem was also dramatically overstated for political reasons by our opponents inside and outside the party, as well as by much of the media".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Walker |first1=Peter |last2=Elgot |first2=Jessica |title=Jeremy Corbyn rejects overall findings of EHRC report on antisemitism in Labour |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/oct/29/jeremy-corbyn-rejects-findings-of-report-on-antisemitism-in-labour |website=The Guardian |date=29 October 2020 |access-date=29 March 2023}}</ref> He further said that "the public perception in an opinion poll last year was that one third of all Labour party members were somehow or other under suspicion of antisemitism. The reality is, it was 0.3 per cent of party members had a case against them which had to be put through the process."<ref name=leefactcheck>{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Georgina |title=FactCheck: Corbyn's claim that Labour antisemitism numbers are 'exaggerated' |url=https://www.channel4.com/news/factcheck/factcheck-corbyns-claim-that-labour-antisemitism-numbers-are-exaggerated |website=Channel 4 News |date=31 October 2020 |access-date=29 March 2023}}</ref> A [[fact check]] by ''[[Channel 4 News]]'' noted that Corbyn's "0.3 per cent" claim was likely based on an estimate provided by Labour General Secretary [[Jennie Formby]] during her investigation and first published in a 2019 study co-authored by media scholar Greg Philo.<ref name="leefactcheck"/><ref>Philo, Greg & Berry, Mike & Schlosberg, Justin & Lerman, Antony & Miller, David. (2019). ''Bad News for Labour: Antisemitism, the Party and Public Belief''. p. 52. 10.2307/j.ctvpbnn3r.</ref> Corbyn's claim that "one-third" of party members were believed to be involved in antisemitism complaints by the public likely originated in a [[Survation]] poll of 1,009 people conducted in 2019, in which the average perception of respondents familiar with the issue was that 34% of party members were involved in antisemitism complaints; this number is over 300 times the estimate of antisemitism cases arrived at by Formby's actual investigation.<ref>Philo, Greg & Berry, Mike & Schlosberg, Justin & Lerman, Antony & Miller, David. (2019). ''Bad News for Labour: Antisemitism, the Party and Public Belief''. 10.2307/j.ctvpbnn3r.</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Broder |first=David |title=How Labour Became "Antisemitic" |url=https://jacobin.com/2019/10/labour-party-antisemitism-claims-jeremy-corbyn |website=Jacobin |access-date=29 March 2023}}</ref>

[[File:PMQs 22.04.2020 - Rt Hon Jeremy Corbyn MP (Islington North).jpg|thumb|Corbyn sits on the [[Backbencher|backbenches]] in his first [[Prime Minister's Questions]] since his resignation as Labour leader, 22 April 2020]]

In his press conference around half an hour after Corbyn's statement, Starmer said that anyone who thought the problems were "exaggerated" or were a "factional attack" were "part of the problem and... should be nowhere near the Labour Party". Corbyn defended his comments in a TV interview later that day; shortly after it aired, the Labour Party announced that it had suspended Corbyn pending an investigation.<ref>{{cite news |last=Scott |first=Jennifer |date=30 October 2020 |title=Why was Jeremy Corbyn suspended from the Labour Party? |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-54746452 |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref> Corbyn's suspension was welcomed by Labour figures including [[Margaret Hodge]],<ref name="BBC-suspension">{{Cite news |date=29 October 2020 |title=Labour suspends Jeremy Corbyn over anti-Semitism report |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-54730425 |access-date=29 October 2020 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> and [[Harriet Harman]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Harman |first=Harriet |date=29 October 2020 |title=This is the right thing to do. If you say that AS exaggerated for factional reasons you minimise it & are, as @Keir_Starmer says, part of the problem. |url=https://twitter.com/harrietharman/status/1321802143410593797|access-date=29 October 2020 |website=Twitter}}</ref> as well as by the [[Board of Deputies of British Jews]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Corbyn suspended from British Labor Party over human rights report |url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2020/10/29/Corbyn-suspended-from-British-Labor-Party-over-human-rights-report/7891603980281/ |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=UPI}}</ref> Corbyn stated he would "strongly contest" his suspension.<ref name="Guardian-corbynallies">{{cite news |last=Elgot |first=Jessica |date=29 October 2020 |title=Labour in turmoil as Corbyn's allies call for suspension to be lifted|language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/oct/29/turmoil-in-labour-as-corbyns-allies-strongly-object-to-suspension |access-date=29 October 2020 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> [[John McDonnell]], Unite leader [[Len McCluskey]], and [[Momentum (organisation)|Momentum]] expressed opposition to Corbyn's suspension.<ref name="Guardian-corbynallies" />

===Peace and Justice Project===
{{main|Peace and Justice Project}}

On 13 December 2020, Corbyn announced the Project for Peace and Justice. Corbyn launched the project on 17 January 2021, and its affiliates include [[Christine Blower]], [[Len McCluskey]] and [[Zarah Sultana]]. [[Rafael Correa]] said that he "welcome[d] the creation" of the project.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jeremy Corbyn Has A New Project |date=13 December 2020 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/jeremy-corbyn-has-a-new-project_uk_5fd6261ac5b62f31c1fe0b73 |publisher=Huffington Post |access-date=13 December 2020 |archive-date=16 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516144215/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/jeremy-corbyn-has-a-new-project_uk_5fd6261ac5b62f31c1fe0b73 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Davis |first=Barney |date=13 December 2020 |title=Corbyn announces launch of Peace and Justice Project |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/politics/jeremy-corbyn-peace-and-justice-project-b293495.html |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=Evening Standard |archive-date=13 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213205443/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/politics/jeremy-corbyn-peace-and-justice-project-b293495.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=13 December 2020 |title=Jeremy Corbyn to start global social justice project 'for the many' |url=http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/dec/13/jeremy-corbyn-to-start-global-social-justice-project-for-the-many |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=The Guardian |archive-date=9 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709030046/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/dec/13/jeremy-corbyn-to-start-global-social-justice-project-for-the-many |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jeremy Corbyn: Why I'm Launching a Project for Peace and Justice |url=https://jacobinmag.com/2020/12/jeremy-corbyn-project-for-peace-and-justice-launch |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=jacobinmag.com |archive-date=10 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110111419/https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/12/jeremy-corbyn-project-for-peace-and-justice-launch |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Stop the War Coalition statement on Ukraine crisis===
[[File:Jeremy Corbyn - Stand Up To Racism (51952400403) (cropped 2).jpg|thumb|Corbyn addresses the March Against Racism in [[Parliament Square]], March 2022]]
On 18 February 2022, in the week before the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], Corbyn alongside 11 Labour MPs cosigned a statement from the [[Stop the War Coalition]] opposing any war in Ukraine.<ref name="20220224guardian">{{cite web |last1=Walker |first1=Peter |title=Labour MPs drop backing for statement criticising Nato after Starmer warning |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/feb/24/labour-mps-drop-backing-for-statement-criticising-nato-after-starmer-warning |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=27 February 2022 |date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301074659/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/feb/24/labour-mps-drop-backing-for-statement-criticising-nato-after-starmer-warning |url-status=live }}</ref> The statement said that "the crisis should be settled on a basis which recognises the right of the Ukrainian people to self-determination and addresses Russia's security concerns", that NATO "should call a halt to its eastward expansion", and that the British government's sending of arms to Ukraine and troops to eastern Europe served "no purpose other than inflaming tensions and indicating disdain for Russian concerns".<ref name="20220218-stwc">{{cite web |title=List of signatories: Stop the War statement on the crisis over Ukraine |url=https://www.stopwar.org.uk/article/list-of-signatories-stop-the-war-statement-on-the-crisis-over-ukraine/ |website=Stop the War Coalition |access-date=27 February 2022 |date=18 February 2022 |archive-date=26 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226095549/https://www.stopwar.org.uk/article/list-of-signatories-stop-the-war-statement-on-the-crisis-over-ukraine/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The statement's authors also said that they "refute the idea that NATO is a defensive alliance".<ref name="20220218-stwc" />

On the evening of 24 February, the first day of the invasion, Labour chief whip [[Alan Campbell (politician)|Alan Campbell]] wrote to all 11 Labour MPs who had signed the statement, requesting that they withdraw their signatures.<ref name="20220224guardian" /><ref name="20200225-independent">{{cite news |last1=Cowburn |first1=Ashley |last2=Scott |first2=Geraldine |title=Labour MPs withdraw from anti-Nato statement after threat to lose whip |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/labour-labour-mps-mps-stop-the-war-coalition-claudia-webbe-b2022770.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220608/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/labour-labour-mps-mps-stop-the-war-coalition-claudia-webbe-b2022770.html |archive-date=8 June 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |website=[[The Independent]] |access-date=27 February 2022 |date=25 February 2022}}</ref> All 11 agreed to do so the same evening.<ref name="20220224guardian" /><ref name="20200225-independent" /> Corbyn and fellow former Labour independent MP [[Claudia Webbe]] did not withdraw their signatures from the statement, though [[David Lammy]] urged Corbyn to do so.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chappell |first1=Elliot |title=David Lammy: Labour has no plans to reinstate Jeremy Corbyn as Labour MP |url=https://labourlist.org/2022/02/david-lammy-labour-has-no-plans-to-reinstate-jeremy-corbyn-as-labour-mp/ |website=Labour List |access-date=27 February 2022 |date=27 February 2022 |archive-date=9 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709030202/https://labourlist.org/2022/02/david-lammy-labour-has-no-plans-to-reinstate-jeremy-corbyn-as-labour-mp/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Expulsion from the Labour Party and 2024 general election===
{{Main|Islington North in the 2024 United Kingdom general election}}

Media speculation that Corbyn would contest the [[2024 United Kingdom general election|2024 general election]] as an Independent was reported in October 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last=Adams |first=Tim |date=7 October 2023 |title=Will Jeremy Corbyn take on Labour for his Islington seat – and will he win? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2023/oct/07/will-jeremy-corbyn-take-on-labour-for-his-islington-seat-will-he-win |access-date=25 February 2024 |work=The Observer |language=en-GB |issn=0029-7712 |archive-date=9 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709030046/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2023/oct/07/will-jeremy-corbyn-take-on-labour-for-his-islington-seat-will-he-win |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Maguire |first=Patrick |date=25 February 2024 |title=Jeremy Corbyn to run against Labour as an independent, say allies |url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/keir-starmer-to-block-jeremy-corbyn-from-standing-as-labour-mp-w6nm9kr9p |access-date=25 February 2024 |newspaper=[[The Times]] |issn=0140-0460 |archive-date=25 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225103555/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/keir-starmer-to-block-jeremy-corbyn-from-standing-as-labour-mp-w6nm9kr9p |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite "unanimous support" from his [[Constituency Labour Party]] (CLP),<ref>{{cite news |last=Allegretti |first=Aubrey |date=18 May 2023 |title=Jeremy Corbyn tells local Labour party he wants to carry on as their MP |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2023/may/18/jeremy-corbyn-tells-local-labour-party-he-wants-to-carry-on-as-their-mp |access-date=25 February 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=9 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709030657/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2023/may/18/jeremy-corbyn-tells-local-labour-party-he-wants-to-carry-on-as-their-mp |url-status=live }}</ref> Corbyn was not permitted to stand as a Labour parliamentary candidate. After announcing on 24 May 2024 that he would stand as an independent parliamentary candidate for Islington North, he was fully expelled from the Labour Party.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jeremy Corbyn confirms he will stand against Labour in Islington |date=24 May 2024 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c288xxvrdz7o |access-date=24 May 2024 |publisher=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=25 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525020639/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c288xxvrdz7o |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Jeremy Corbyn expelled from Labour Party after confirming he will stand as independent in general election |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-islington-general-candidate-mp-b2550779.html |access-date=24 May 2024 |newspaper=The Independent |date=24 May 2024 |language=en-GB |last=Rkaina |first=Sam |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526195757/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-islington-general-candidate-mp-b2550779.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He was endorsed by [[Mick Lynch (trade unionist)|Mick Lynch]] of the [[National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers]].<ref>{{cite news |date=24 February 2024 |title=RMT leader Mick Lynch gives Jeremy Corbyn general election backing |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-68393822 |access-date=25 February 2024 |publisher=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=25 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225000751/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-68393822 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Corbyn responded to Keir Starmer's claim of knowing the party would lose the 2019 election by saying "Well, he never said that to me, at any time. And so I just think rewriting history is no help. It shows double standards, shall we say, that he now says he always thought that but he never said it at the time or anything about it. He was part of the campaign. He and I spoke together at events and I find it actually quite sad."<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2024 |title=Jeremy Corbyn accuses Keir Starmer of rewriting history |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cn008x70kr6o |access-date=15 June 2024 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=5 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705022820/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cn008x70kr6o |url-status=live }}</ref>

Leading members of the Islington North CLP resigned in order to support Corbyn, while also criticising the manner in which Nargund was selected as Islington North's candidate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Islington: Local Labour members resign to campaign for Corbyn |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crgejv0xxg2o |access-date=6 July 2024 |website=www.bbc.com |date=29 June 2024 |language=en-GB |archive-date=9 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709030552/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crgejv0xxg2o |url-status=live }}</ref> Corbyn was comfortably re-elected as an independent, even as Labour won a landslide victory in the general election. His majority over Nargund was over 7,000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tahir |first=Tariq |date=5 July 2024 |title=Jeremy Corbyn re-elected: Chants of 'Free Palestine' as former leader beats Labour |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/uk/2024/07/05/jeremy-corbyn-re-elected-chants-of-free-palestine-as-former-leader-beats-labour/ |access-date=6 July 2024 |website=The National |language=en |archive-date=6 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706021928/https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/uk/2024/07/05/jeremy-corbyn-re-elected-chants-of-free-palestine-as-former-leader-beats-labour/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Policies and views==
{{main|Political positions of Jeremy Corbyn}}
[[File:Leader_of_the_Opposition_(51184221345).jpg|thumb|Corbyn at a march for Palestine in [[Oxford]] in 2021]]
Corbyn self-identifies as a [[socialist]].<ref name="Settle" /> He has also been referred to as a "mainstream [Scandinavian] [[social democrat]]".<ref>{{cite news |last=Gjersø |first=Jonas |date=9 June 2017 |title=Jeremy Corbyn – a mainstream [Scandinavian] social democrat |url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/jeremy-corbyn-mainstream-scandinavian-social-democrat/ |access-date=21 April 2021 |work=openDemocracy |archive-date=9 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709030657/https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/jeremy-corbyn-mainstream-scandinavian-social-democrat/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He advocates reversing [[United Kingdom government austerity programme|austerity cuts]] to public services and some welfare funding made since 2010, as well as [[renationalisation]] of public utilities and [[Renationalisation of British Rail|the railways]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Asthana |first1=Anushka |last2=Stewart |first2=Heather |date=11 May 2017 |title=Labour party's plan to nationalise mail, rail and energy firms |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/may/10/labour-party-manifesto-pledges-to-end-tuition-fees-and-nationalise-railways |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831132900/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/may/10/labour-party-manifesto-pledges-to-end-tuition-fees-and-nationalise-railways |archive-date=31 August 2017 |access-date=31 August 2017 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> A longstanding [[anti-war]] and [[anti-nuclear]] activist, he supports a foreign policy of military [[non-interventionism]] and [[Unilateral disarmament|unilateral]] [[nuclear disarmament]], and has been a prominent activist for Palestinian solidarity throughout the [[Gaza–Israel conflict]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=McTague |first1=Tom |last2=Cooper |first2=Charlie |date=26 September 2016 |title=Jeremy Corbyn under fire for stance on nuclear weapons |url=http://www.politico.eu/article/jeremy-corbyn-under-fire-for-stance-on-nuclear-weapons/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831134200/http://www.politico.eu/article/jeremy-corbyn-under-fire-for-stance-on-nuclear-weapons/ |archive-date=31 August 2017 |access-date=31 August 2017 |work=Politico}}</ref> Writer [[Ronan Bennett]], who formerly worked as a research assistant to Corbyn, has described him as "a kind of vegan, pacifist idealist, one with a clear understanding of politics and history, and a commitment to the underdog".<ref name="MacAskill1" />

In 1997, the political scientists [[David Butler (psephologist)|David Butler]] and [[Dennis Kavanagh]] described Corbyn's political stance as "[[far-left]]".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Butler |first1=David |title=The British General Election of 1997 |last2=Kavanagh |first2=Dennis |publisher=Macmillan |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-333-64776-9 |location=Basingstoke |page=171}}</ref> Corbyn has described [[Karl Marx]] as a "great economist"<ref name="Corbyn12">{{cite news |last1=Maidment |first1=Jack |year=2017 |title=The Marx Brothers: Jeremy Corbyn joins John McDonnell in praising Communist icon's work |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/08/marx-brothers-jeremy-corbyn-joins-john-mcdonnell-praising-communist/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808035924/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/08/marx-brothers-jeremy-corbyn-joins-john-mcdonnell-praising-communist/ |archive-date=8 August 2017 |newspaper=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=2017 |title=Jeremy Corbyn backs John McDonnell and says Marx was a 'great economist'|first=John |last=Ashmore |url=https://www.politicshome.com/news/uk/political-parties/labour-party/jeremy-corbyn/news/85762/jeremy-corbyn-backs-john-mcdonnell |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808045204/https://www.politicshome.com/news/uk/political-parties/labour-party/jeremy-corbyn/news/85762/jeremy-corbyn-backs-john-mcdonnell |archive-date=8 August 2017 |access-date=7 August 2017}}</ref> and said he has read some of the works of [[Adam Smith]], Marx and [[David Ricardo]] and has "looked at many, many others".<ref name="Corbyn12" /> However, some have argued that Corbyn is less radical than previously described:<ref>{{Cite news |title=Far from being a left-wing radical, Jeremy Corbyn is slouching towards Milibandism |url=http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2017/03/far-being-left-wing-radical-jeremy-corbyn-slouching-towards-milibandism|first=Stephen|last=Bush|author-link=Stephen Bush |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620074652/http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2017/03/far-being-left-wing-radical-jeremy-corbyn-slouching-towards-milibandism |archive-date=20 June 2017 |access-date=10 June 2017 |work=New Statesman}}</ref> for example, the journalist [[George Eaton (journalist)|George Eaton]] has called him "[[Keynesian]]".<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2017 |title=Labour's manifesto is more Keynesian than Marxist|first=George|last=Eaton |url=http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/june2017/2017/05/labours-manifesto-more-keynesian-marxist |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519000542/http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/june2017/2017/05/labours-manifesto-more-keynesian-marxist |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=10 June 2017 |website=New Statesman}}</ref> In 2023, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' reported that most of the tax policies in Corbyn's 2019 general election manifesto had been implemented by the winning Conservative government, including a higher [[corporation tax]], a [[Windfall tax (United Kingdom)|windfall tax]] on oil companies, a reduction in annual tax allowances on dividend income, raising income tax on high earners, and introducing a [[Taxation of digital goods#United Kingdom|digital services tax]] on online retailers.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brennan |first1=Harry |date=9 March 2023 |title=Corbyn's hard-Left vision for Britain is close to reality – thanks to the Tories |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tax/news/how-jeremy-corbyns-hard-left-high-tax-manifesto-delivered/ |access-date=9 March 2023 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |archive-date=9 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709030555/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/tax/news/how-jeremy-corbyns-hard-left-high-tax-manifesto-delivered/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Corbyn named [[John Smith (Labour Party leader)|John Smith]] as the former Labour leader whom he most admired, describing him as "a decent, nice, inclusive leader". He also said he was "very close and very good friends" with [[Michael Foot]].<ref name="Gn1508072"/>

==Media coverage==
Analyses of domestic media coverage of Corbyn have found it to be critical or antagonistic.<ref name="LSOE">{{cite web |last1=Cammaerts |first1=Bart |last2=DeCillia |first2=Brooks |last3=Magalhães |first3=João Carlos |last4=Jimenez-Martinez |first4=Cesar |date=August 2016 |title=Journalistic Representations of Jeremy Corbyn in the British Press |url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/media-and-communications/research/research-projects/representations-of-jeremy-corbyn |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205211516/http://www.lse.ac.uk/media-and-communications/research/research-projects/representations-of-jeremy-corbyn |archive-date=5 February 2020 |access-date=7 February 2020 |publisher=London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/dec/12/uk-news-push-alerts-negative-labour-positive-tories|title=UK news push alerts skew negative on Labour and positive for Tories|last=Hern|first=Alex|work=The Guardian|date=12 December 2019|access-date=7 February 2020|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121202446/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/dec/12/uk-news-push-alerts-negative-labour-positive-tories|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2016, academics from the London School of Economics published a study of 812 articles about Corbyn taken from eight national newspapers around the time of his Labour leadership election. The study found that 75 percent of the articles either distorted or failed to represent his actual views on subjects. The study's director commented that "Our analysis shows that Corbyn was thoroughly delegitimised as a political actor from the moment he became a prominent candidate and even more so after he was elected as party leader".<ref name="independent12"/><ref name="independent22"/>

Another report by the Media Reform Coalition and [[Birkbeck, University of London|Birkbeck College]] in July 2016, based on 10 days of coverage around the time of multiple shadow cabinet resignations, found "marked and persistent imbalance" in favour of sources critical to him; the ''[[International Business Times]]'' was the only outlet that gave him more favourable than critical coverage.<ref name="ind300716">{{cite news|last=Worley|first=Will|date=30 July 2016|title=Media 'persistently' biased against Jeremy Corbyn, academic study finds|work=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/jeremy-corbyn-media-bias-labour-party-media-reform-coalition-birkbeck-a7163706.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220608/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/jeremy-corbyn-media-bias-labour-party-media-reform-coalition-birkbeck-a7163706.html |archive-date=8 June 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref>

In August 2016, a [[YouGov]] survey found that 97% of Corbyn supporters agreed that the "mainstream media as a whole has been deliberately biasing coverage to portray Jeremy Corbyn in a negative manner", as did 51% of the general "Labour selectorate" sample.<ref name="thecon190716">{{cite news|last=Mills|first=Tom|date=19 July 2016|title=Media bias against Jeremy Corbyn shows how politicised reporting has become|work=The Conversation|url=http://theconversation.com/media-bias-against-jeremy-corbyn-shows-how-politicised-reporting-has-become-71593|access-date=29 October 2019|archive-date=4 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804222424/http://theconversation.com/media-bias-against-jeremy-corbyn-shows-how-politicised-reporting-has-become-71593|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=YouGov Survey Results |url=https://d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net/cumulus_uploads/document/pvxdr2lh73/InternalResults_160830_LabourSelectorate.pdf |access-date=29 October 2019 |archive-date=22 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222202135/https://d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net/cumulus_uploads/document/pvxdr2lh73/InternalResults_160830_LabourSelectorate.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

In May 2017, [[Loughborough University]]'s Centre for Research in Communication and Culture concluded that the media was attacking Corbyn far more than May during nine election campaign weekdays examined.<ref name="ind190517">{{cite news|last=Griffin|first=Andrew|date=19 May 2017|title=Jeremy Corbyn far more likely to be attacked by media than Theresa May, election reporting audit reveals|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-theresa-may-reporting-bias-general-election-2017-labour-conservative-a7745401.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220608/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-theresa-may-reporting-bias-general-election-2017-labour-conservative-a7745401.html |archive-date=8 June 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=20 May 2017}}</ref> The ''Daily Mail'' and ''Daily Express'' praised Theresa May for election pledges that were condemned when proposed by Labour in previous elections.<ref name="huffingtonpost">{{cite news|last=Demianyk|first=Graeme|date=19 May 2017|title=Jeremy Corbyn far more likely to be attacked by media than Theresa May, election reporting audit reveals|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/newspaper-hostility-jeremy-corbyn-election_uk_591e49b1e4b03b485cb03123|access-date=20 May 2017|archive-date=8 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608205235/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/newspaper-hostility-jeremy-corbyn-election_uk_591e49b1e4b03b485cb03123|url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2018, Momentum reported that attacks on Corbyn in the press were associated with increases in their membership applications.<ref name="guardian250218">{{cite news|last=Khomani|first=Nadia|date=25 February 2018|title=Anti-Corbyn rightwing press attacks 'boost Momentum support'|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/feb/25/anti-corbyn-rightwing-press-attacks-boost-momentum-support-daily-mail|access-date=29 October 2019|archive-date=9 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109015053/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/feb/25/anti-corbyn-rightwing-press-attacks-boost-momentum-support-daily-mail|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2019, Labour leaders argued that traditional mainstream media outlets showed bias.<ref name="guardian250919">{{cite news|last=Waterson|first=Jim|date=25 September 2019|title=Labour v Fleet Street: why Corbyn is picking a fight with the media|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/sep/25/labour-media-tactics-more-trumpian-admit-jeremy-corbyn|access-date=29 October 2019|archive-date=7 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207010452/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/sep/25/labour-media-tactics-more-trumpian-admit-jeremy-corbyn|url-status=live}}</ref>

In December 2019, a study by Loughborough University found that British press coverage was twice as hostile to Labour and half as critical of the Conservatives during the 2019 general election campaign as it had been during the 2017 campaign.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/uk-election-press-media-conservative-tory-labour-criticism-bias-a9255551.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220608/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/uk-election-press-media-conservative-tory-labour-criticism-bias-a9255551.html |archive-date=8 June 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=British press dramatically cut criticism of ruling Tories for 2019 election, study finds|last=Stone|first=Jon|date=21 December 2019|access-date=22 December 2019|work=The Independent}}</ref>

In an interview with ''[[Middle East Eye]]'' in June 2020, Corbyn described the media's treatment of himself while he was Labour leader as obsessive and "at one level laughable, but all designed to be undermining".<ref name="mee020620">{{cite news |last1=Oborne |first1=Peter |title=Jeremy Corbyn: British media waged campaign to destroy me |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/jeremy-corbyn-labour-british-media-campaign-destroy |access-date=4 June 2020 |work=Middle East Eye |publisher=Middle East Eye |date=2 June 2020 |archive-date=4 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604105330/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/jeremy-corbyn-labour-british-media-campaign-destroy |url-status=live }}</ref> He said that the media coverage had diverted his media team from helping him pursue "a political agenda on homelessness, on poverty in Britain, on housing, on international issues" to "rebutting these crazy stories, abusive stories, about me the whole time".<ref name="mee020620" /> He said he considered suing as a result of media treatment but was guided by advice from Tony Benn, who told him, "Libel is a rich man's game, and you're not a rich man [...] Go to a libel case – even if you win the case, you'll be destroyed financially in doing so".<ref name="mee020620" />

==Personal life==
[[File:Jeremy Corbyn 2.jpg|thumb|270x270px|Corbyn in 2007]]
Corbyn lives in the [[Finsbury Park (area)|Finsbury Park]] area of London.<ref name="Islington">{{cite web|last=Cadwalladr|first=Carole|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/aug/09/blair-corbyn-islington-north-london-labour|title=From Blair to Corbyn: the changing face of Islington, Labour's London heartland|work=The Observer|issn=0029-7712|oclc=50230244|date=9 August 2015|access-date=9 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903013255/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/aug/09/blair-corbyn-islington-north-london-labour|archive-date=3 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Morris|first=James|url=http://www.islingtongazette.co.uk/news/exclusive_jeremy_corbyn_promises_islington_will_not_be_forgotten_1_4235739|title=Jeremy Corbyn promises Islington 'will not be forgotten'|work=Islington Gazette|date=17 September 2015|access-date=9 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006082628/http://www.islingtongazette.co.uk/news/exclusive_jeremy_corbyn_promises_islington_will_not_be_forgotten_1_4235739|archive-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> He has been married three times and divorced twice, and has three sons with his second wife.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tatler.com/gallery/jeremy-corbyn-children|title=Meet the sons of Jeremy Corbyn|first=Isaac|last=Bickerstaff|website=Tatler|date=20 November 2019|access-date=26 May 2021|archive-date=26 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526000718/https://www.tatler.com/gallery/jeremy-corbyn-children|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1974, he married his first wife, [[Jane Chapman]], a fellow Labour Councillor for Haringey and now a professor at the [[University of Lincoln]].<ref name="beeb">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34184265|title=The Jeremy Corbyn Story: Profile of Labour's new leader|last=Wheeler|first=Brian|date=12 September 2015|work=BBC News|access-date=12 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912194927/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34184265|archive-date=12 September 2015}}</ref> They divorced in 1979.<ref name="Silverman">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/Jeremy_Corbyn/11860417/Jeremy-Corbyns-ex-wife-I-donated-to-Yvette-Coopers-campaign.html|title=Jeremy Corbyn's ex-wife: 'I donated to Yvette Cooper's campaign'|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London, UK|date=12 September 2015|access-date=12 September 2015|author=Silverman, Rosa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913145158/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/Jeremy_Corbyn/11860417/Jeremy-Corbyns-ex-wife-I-donated-to-Yvette-Coopers-campaign.html|archive-date=13 September 2015}}</ref> In the late 1970s, Corbyn had a brief relationship with Labour MP [[Diane Abbott]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/jeremy-corbyn-and-diane-abbott-were-lovers-70p983f0d5n |first1=David |last1=Brown |author2=Dominic Kennedy |newspaper=[[The Times]] |title=Jeremy Corbyn and Diane Abbott were lovers |date=17 September 2015 |url-access=subscription |access-date=30 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225220120/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/politics/article4559169.ece|archive-date=25 December 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/politics/article4678585.ece |author=Badshah, Nadeem |title=How Corbyn revealed Abbott was his lover |newspaper=[[The Times]] |date=30 January 2016 |url-access=subscription |access-date=30 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131015254/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/politics/article4678585.ece |archive-date=31 January 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1987, Corbyn married Chilean exile Claudia Bracchitta, granddaughter of Ricardo Bracchitta ([[List of diplomatic missions of Spain|Consul-General of Spain in Santiago]]), with whom he has three sons. He missed his youngest son's birth as he was lecturing National Union of Public Employees members at the same hospital.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wheeler|first=Brian|date=24 September 2016|title=The Jeremy Corbyn Story: Profile of Labour leader|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34184265|url-status=live|department=Politics|publisher=BBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813151649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34184265|archive-date=13 August 2018|access-date=13 August 2018|quote=In 1987, Corbyn married Claudia Bracchita, a Chilean exile, with whom he had three sons. The youngest, Tommy, was born while Corbyn was lecturing NUPE members elsewhere in the same hospital.}}</ref> Following a difference of opinion about sending their son to a [[Grammar schools debate|grammar school]] (Corbyn opposes [[selective education]]), they divorced in 1999 after two years of separation, although Corbyn said in June 2015 that he continues to "get on very well" with her.<ref name="BBCdivorce"/><ref name="Hattenstone" /><ref>{{cite news |last=McSmith |first=Andy |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/may/16/theobserver.uknews |title= How a point of principle tore our lives apart |newspaper=The Observer |location=London |date=16 May 1999 |access-date=12 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151001163144/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/may/16/theobserver.uknews |archive-date=1 October 2015}}</ref> His son subsequently attended [[Queen Elizabeth's School, Barnet|Queen Elizabeth's School]], which had been his wife's first choice.<ref>[http://news.sky.com/story/1523475/what-you-need-to-know-about-jeremy-corbyn "What You Need To Know About Jeremy Corbyn"], Sky.com, 22 July 2015. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724223347/http://news.sky.com/story/1523475/what-you-need-to-know-about-jeremy-corbyn |date=24 July 2015}}, 10 September 2015.</ref> Their second son, Sebastian, worked on his leadership campaign and was later employed as [[John McDonnell]]'s Chief of Staff.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyns-son-seb-appointed-as-john-mcdonnells-chief-of-staff-a6669996.html |title=Jeremy Corbyn's son Seb appointed as John McDonnell's chief of staff |first=Nigel |last=Morris |date=28 September 2015 |newspaper=The Independent |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009191556/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyns-son-seb-appointed-as-john-mcdonnells-chief-of-staff-a6669996.html |archive-date=9 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/Politics/article1612373.ece |title=Plum job for the son of party leader |first=James |last=Lyons|date=27 September 2015|newspaper=The Sunday Times |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009184346/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/Politics/article1612373.ece |archive-date=9 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/aug/15/jeremy-corbyn-world-supporters-mentors-influences |title=Jeremy Corbyn's world: his friends, supporters, mentors and influences |first=Daniel |last=Boffey |date=15 August 2015 |work=The Guardian |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913010747/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/aug/15/jeremy-corbyn-world-supporters-mentors-influences |archive-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

Corbyn's second-eldest brother, Andrew, who was a geologist, died of a brain haemorrhage while in [[Papua New Guinea]] in 2001. Corbyn escorted the body from Papua New Guinea to Australia, where his brother's widow and children lived.<ref>{{cite news |last=Oppenheim |first=Maya |title=Jeremy Corbyn says picking up his brother's dead body was one of the 'most horrific things' he has ever done |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-brother-dead-body-horrific-john-bishop-a8071631.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The Independent |date=23 November 2017 |access-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220608/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-brother-dead-body-horrific-john-bishop-a8071631.html |archive-date=8 June 2022}}</ref>

In 2012, Corbyn went to Mexico to marry his Mexican partner Laura Álvarez,<ref>{{cite news |last=Collier |first=Hatty |title=Who is Jeremy Corbyn's wife Laura Alvarez? The Labour leader's spouse who keeps a low profile |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/politics/who-is-jeremy-corbyns-wife-laura-alvarez-the-labour-leaders-spouse-who-keeps-a-low-profile-a3552546.html |access-date=12 April 2018 |work=Evening Standard |date=30 May 2017 |archive-date=12 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412212128/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/politics/who-is-jeremy-corbyns-wife-laura-alvarez-the-labour-leaders-spouse-who-keeps-a-low-profile-a3552546.html |url-status=live }}</ref> who runs a [[fair trade]] coffee import business that has been the subject of some controversy.<ref name=graunprofile>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/aug/12/jeremy-corbyn-profile-unlikely-candidate-remarkable-ascent |title=Jeremy Corbyn profile: 'He talks like a human being, about things that are real' |last=Addley |first=Esther |date=12 August 2015 |work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=12 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812151014/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/aug/12/jeremy-corbyn-profile-unlikely-candidate-remarkable-ascent |archive-date=12 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/hard-left-candidates-wife-sells-coffee-for-pound10-but-the-farmers-get-just-93p-n2m6ctrdjfp |title=Hard left candidate's wife sells coffee for £10 — but the farmers get just 93p |first=Alice |last=Hutton |newspaper=The Sunday Times |date=16 August 2015 |access-date=16 September 2018 |archive-date=16 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916202606/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/hard-left-candidates-wife-sells-coffee-for-pound10-but-the-farmers-get-just-93p-n2m6ctrdjfp |url-status=live }}</ref> A former human rights lawyer in Mexico, she first met Corbyn shortly after his divorce from Bracchitta, having come to London to support her sister Marcela following the abduction of her niece to America by her sister's estranged husband. They contacted fellow Labour MP Tony Benn for assistance, who introduced them to Corbyn, who met with the police on their behalf and spoke at fundraisers until the girl was located in 2003.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tucker |first=Duncan |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/25/jeremy-corbyn-wife-laura-alvarez-mexico-uk-relations |title=Corbyn surge raises hopes that Mexico might soon have a friend in No 10 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=25 June 2017 |access-date=25 June 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625092530/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/25/jeremy-corbyn-wife-laura-alvarez-mexico-uk-relations |archive-date=25 June 2017}}</ref> Álvarez then returned to Mexico, with the couple maintaining a long-distance relationship until she moved to London in 2011.<ref>{{cite book|last=Prince|first=Rosa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sUZ3CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT155|title=Comrade Corbyn|location=London|publisher=[[Biteback Publishing]]|year=2016|page=155|isbn=9781785900044|access-date=1 September 2017|archive-date=9 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709030553/https://books.google.com/books?id=sUZ3CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT155#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Myall |first=Steve |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/politics/who-jeremy-corbyns-wife-laura-10392461 |title=Who is Jeremy Corbyn's wife? Inside his marriage to Laura Alvarez: Love, politics, vegetables and nights in watching EastEnders |work=[[Daily Mirror]] |date=12 June 2017 |access-date=24 June 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612123513/http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/politics/who-jeremy-corbyns-wife-laura-10392461 |archive-date=12 June 2017}}</ref> Álvarez has described Corbyn as "not very good at house work but he is a good politician".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hope|first1=Christopher|title=Jeremy Corbyn's key aide claims a mole in his inner circle leaks his PMQs attack lines to the media in new fly-on-the-wall documentary|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/01/jeremy-corbyns-key-aide-claims-a-mole-in-his-inner-circle-leaks/|access-date=2 June 2016|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=1 June 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602092559/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/01/jeremy-corbyns-key-aide-claims-a-mole-in-his-inner-circle-leaks/|archive-date=2 June 2016}}</ref> They had a cat called El Gato ("The Cat" in Spanish).<ref name="telegraph1">{{cite news |last=Hughes |first=Laura |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/Jeremy_Corbyn/12104166/Jeremy-Corbyn-wont-name-his-cat-and-instead-simply-calls-it-the-cat.html |title=Jeremy Corbyn won't name his cat and instead simply calls it 'the cat' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=17 January 2016 |access-date=19 July 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709071256/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/Jeremy_Corbyn/12104166/Jeremy-Corbyn-wont-name-his-cat-and-instead-simply-calls-it-the-cat.html |archive-date=9 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Howie |first=Michael |date=21 January 2025 |title=Jeremy Corbyn announces death of his beloved cat El Gato |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/jeremy-corbyn-cat-death-el-gato-b1206028.html |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> Corbyn had previously owned a dog called Mango, described by ''[[The Observer]]'' in 1984 as his "only constant companion" at the time.<ref name="LowObs"/>

===Personal beliefs and interests===
When interviewed by ''[[The Huffington Post]]'' in December 2015, Corbyn refused to reveal his religious beliefs and called them a "private thing", but denied that he was an [[atheist]].<ref name=":1" /> He has said that he is "sceptical" of having a [[Deity|god]] in his life.<ref name="telegraph1"/> He compared his concerns about the environment to a sort of "spiritualism".<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/12/21/jeremy-corbyn-denies-atheist-religious-beliefs_n_8855528.html |website=HuffPost|first=Jack |last=Sommers|title=Jeremy Corbyn denies he is an atheist but says his actual religious beliefs are 'private' |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222231528/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/12/21/jeremy-corbyn-denies-atheist-religious-beliefs_n_8855528.html |archive-date=22 December 2015 |date=21 December 2015}}</ref> Corbyn has described himself as [[frugal]], telling [[Simon Hattenstone]] of ''[[The Guardian]]'': "I don't spend a lot of money, I lead a very normal life, I ride a bicycle and I don't have a car."<ref name="Hattenstone" /> He has been a vegetarian for over 50 years, after having volunteered on a pig farm in Jamaica when he was 19, and stated in April 2018 that he was considering becoming a [[vegan]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Roberts|first1=Rachel|title=Committed vegetarian Jeremy Corbyn suggests he is considering turning vegan|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-vegetarian-considering-going-vegan-a7929821.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220608/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-vegetarian-considering-going-vegan-a7929821.html |archive-date=8 June 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=12 April 2018|work=[[The Independent]]|date=5 September 2017}}</ref> Although he has been described in the media as [[teetotal]], he said in an interview with the ''[[Daily Mirror]]'' that he does drink alcohol but "very, very little".<ref name=beeb /><ref>{{cite news|last=Gulliver|first=John|url=http://www.camdennewjournal.com/welcome-hillside|title=A welcome in the hillside|work=Camden New Journal|date=13 August 2015|access-date=14 August 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923222005/http://www.camdennewjournal.com/welcome-hillside|archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref><ref name=Mirrorinterview>{{cite news|last=Moss|first=Vincent|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/jeremy-corbyn-says-party-backs-6433177|title=Jeremy Corbyn says 'Party backs me, I have jacket from my sons and I'm ready to be PM'|work=[[Daily Mirror]]|date=12 September 2015|access-date=18 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916042615/http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/jeremy-corbyn-says-party-backs-6433177|archive-date=16 September 2015}}</ref>

Corbyn is a member of the [[All-party parliamentary group|All-Party Parliamentary Group on Cycling]].<ref name="BBC: Who is Jeremy Corbyn">{{cite news|title=Who is Jeremy Corbyn? Labour leadership contender guide|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-33624145|access-date=27 September 2015|work=BBC News|date=30 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006000553/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-33624145|archive-date=6 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://allpartycycling.org/|title=About|website=All-Party Parliamentary Cycling Group|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407004711/http://allpartycycling.org/|archive-date=7 April 2013}}</ref> He enjoys reading and writing,<ref name=Mirrorinterview /> and speaks fluent Spanish.<ref name="beeb" /> He supports [[Arsenal F.C.]], which is based in his constituency, and has signed parliamentary motions praising the successes of its men's and [[Arsenal W.F.C.|women's teams]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Stone|first1=Jon|title=Jeremy Corbyn signed motion saying Arsenal is the best football team in the world|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-signed-motion-saying-arsenal-is-the-best-football-team-in-the-world-10452120.html|access-date=1 November 2015|work=The Independent|date=13 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815020557/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-signed-motion-saying-arsenal-is-the-best-football-team-in-the-world-10452120.html|archive-date=15 August 2015}}</ref> In 2015 Corbyn supported a campaign for the club to pay its staff the [[Living Wage Foundation|London Living Wage]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/10061820/jeremy-corbyn-joins-arsenal-fans-in-campaign-over-pay |title=Jeremy Corbyn joins Arsenal fans in campaign over pay |date=8 November 2015 |work=Sky Sports |access-date=1 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Benge|first=James|title=Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn names his favourite Arsenal players|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/labour-leader-jeremy-corbyn-names-his-favourite-arsenal-players-a2954171.html|access-date=1 November 2015|newspaper=London Evening Standard|date=23 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927024441/http://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/labour-leader-jeremy-corbyn-names-his-favourite-arsenal-players-a2954171.html|archive-date=27 September 2015}}</ref> Corbyn is an avid "drain spotter" and has photographed decorative drain and [[manhole cover]]s throughout the country.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kirby|first=Dean|title=Jeremy Corbyn: Admirers of drains and manhole covers find a hero in the Labour leader|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/jeremy-corbyn-admirers-of-drains-and-manhole-covers-find-a-hero-in-the-labour-leader-a6668401.html|access-date=17 September 2016|newspaper=The Independent|date=26 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918012748/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/jeremy-corbyn-admirers-of-drains-and-manhole-covers-find-a-hero-in-the-labour-leader-a6668401.html|archive-date=18 September 2016}}</ref>

Corbyn co-edited with Len McCluskey the anthology ''Poetry for the Many'', published in November 2023 by [[OR Books]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.orbooks.com/catalog/poetry-for-the-many/|title=Poetry for the Many|publisher=OR Books|access-date=10 December 2023|archive-date=10 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210011301/https://www.orbooks.com/catalog/poetry-for-the-many/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Interview under police caution===

On 19 January 2025, Corbyn, alongside former [[Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer]] [[John McDonnell]], agreed to be interviewed under caution by police following a pro-Palestinian rally in central London. The Metropolitan Police said they witnessed a "deliberate effort, including by protest organisers" to breach conditions that had been imposed on the event. However, it is unclear as to the specific reasons as to why Corbyn was invited to an interview.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/clykrvp1g83o |title=Corbyn and McDonnell face police interview after pro-Palestinian rally |work=BBC News |last=Walker |first=Amy |date=19 January 2025 |access-date=31 January 2025}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==
In 2013, Corbyn was awarded the [[Gandhi International Peace Award]] for his "consistent efforts over a 30-year parliamentary career to uphold the [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhian]] values of social justice and non‐violence".<ref name="prize 2013">{{cite web|url=http://gandhifoundation.org/2014/01/09/the-gandhi-foundation-international-peace-award-2013|title=The Gandhi Foundation International Peace Award 2013|work=gandhifoundation.org|publisher=The Gandhi Foundation|date=9 January 2014|access-date=2 May 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413203322/https://gandhifoundation.org/2014/01/09/the-gandhi-foundation-international-peace-award-2013/|archive-date=13 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.camdennewjournal.com/gulliver-jeremy-corbyn-mp-%E2%80%98gandhian-values%E2%80%99|title=GULLIVER: Jeremy Corbyn – An MP with 'Gandhian values'|journal=[[Camden New Journal]]|access-date=20 June 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113307/http://www.camdennewjournal.com/gulliver-jeremy-corbyn-mp-%E2%80%98gandhian-values%E2%80%99|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> In the same year, he was honoured by the [[Grassroot Diplomat]] Initiative for his "ongoing support for a number of non-government organisations and civil causes".<ref>{{cite news|title=Grassroot Diplomat Who's Who|url=http://www.grassrootdiplomat.org/whoswho|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520125406/http://www.grassrootdiplomat.org/whoswho/|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 May 2015|access-date=27 April 2015|work=Grassroot Diplomat|date=15 March 2015}}</ref> Corbyn has won the Parliamentary "Beard of the Year Award" a record six times, as well as being named as the [[Beard Liberation Front]]'s ''Beard of the Year'', having previously described his beard as "a form of dissent" against [[New Labour]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Beards – Diary|first=Jack|last=Malvern|work=[[The Times]]|location=London, UK|date=10 January 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-wins-parliamentary-beard-of-the-year-for-record-sixth-time-a6769616.html|title=Jeremy Corbyn wins Parliamentary Beard of the Year for record sixth time|first=Matt |last=Dathan|date=11 December 2015|work=The Independent|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224231453/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-wins-parliamentary-beard-of-the-year-for-record-sixth-time-a6769616.html|archive-date=24 December 2015}}</ref>

In 2016, Corbyn was the subject of a musical entitled ''Corbyn the Musical: The Motorcycle Diaries'', written by journalists Rupert Myers and Bobby Friedman.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/what-to-see/corbyn-the-musical--first-look-review-the-bearded-one-is-the-new/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/what-to-see/corbyn-the-musical--first-look-review-the-bearded-one-is-the-new/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Corbyn: the Musical – first-look review: the bearded one is the news story that keeps giving|last=Auld|first=Tim|date=13 April 2016|access-date=11 October 2019|work=The Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In 2017 the American magazine ''[[Foreign Policy]]'' named Corbyn in its Top 100 Global Thinkers list for that year "for inspiring a new generation to re-engage in politics".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://2017globalthinkers.foreignpolicy.com/2017/profile/jeremy-corbyn?c0244ec121= |title=Jeremy Corbyn |last=Palmer |first=James |website=[[foreignpolicy.com]] |access-date=7 February 2019 |archive-date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522223550/https://2017globalthinkers.foreignpolicy.com/2017/profile/jeremy-corbyn?c0244ec121= |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2017 he was one of three recipients awarded the [[Sean MacBride Peace Prize|Seán MacBride Peace Prize]] "for his sustained and powerful political work for disarmament and peace".<ref name="ipb">{{cite web|title=Press release: Séan MacBride Peace Prize 2017|date=6 September 2017|url=http://www.ipb.org/activities/press-release-sean-macbride-peace-prize-2017/|publisher=[[International Peace Bureau]]|access-date=9 December 2017|archive-date=10 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210071600/http://www.ipb.org/activities/press-release-sean-macbride-peace-prize-2017/|url-status=live}}</ref> The award was announced the previous September.<ref>{{cite news|last=Worrall|first=Patrick|url=https://www.channel4.com/news/factcheck/factcheck-has-the-media-ignored-good-news-about-jeremy-corbyn|title=Has the media ignored good news about Jeremy Corbyn?|work=Channel 4 News|date=11 December 2017|access-date=12 December 2017|archive-date=11 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211182031/https://www.channel4.com/news/factcheck/factcheck-has-the-media-ignored-good-news-about-jeremy-corbyn|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Electoral history of Jeremy Corbyn]]
* [[List of peace activists]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
{{Library resources box}}
{{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
* Allen, Peter. "Political science, punditry, and the Corbyn problem". ''British Politics'' 15.1 (2020): 69–87 [https://purehost.bath.ac.uk/ws/files/190180612/BP_Final_Accepted_Version.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210531073431/https://purehost.bath.ac.uk/ws/files/190180612/BP_Final_Accepted_Version.pdf |date=31 May 2021 }}.
* Bolton, Matthew. "Conceptual Vandalism, Historical Distortion: The Labour Antisemitism Crisis and the Limits of Class Instrumentalism". ''Journal of Contemporary Antisemitism'' 3.2 (2020) [http://journals.academicstudiespress.com/index.php/JCA/article/view/55 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104041307/http://journals.academicstudiespress.com/index.php/JCA/article/view/55 |date=4 November 2020 }}.
* Bolton, Matt, and Frederick Harry Pitts, eds. ''Corbynism: A Critical Approach'' (Bingley: Emerald, 2018). 
* [[Bower, Tom]]. ''[[Dangerous Hero (Corbyn biography)|Dangerous Hero: Corbyn's Ruthless Plot for Power]]'' (2019) {{ISBN|978-0-008-29957-6}}
* Cammaerts, Bart, Brooks DeCillia, and João Carlos Magalhães. "Journalistic transgressions in the representation of Jeremy Corbyn: From watchdog to attackdog". ''Journalism'' 21.2 (2020): 191–208 [http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/84338/1/Corbyn_Journalism_Revision_FINAL_Revised.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427072152/http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/84338/1/Corbyn_Journalism_Revision_FINAL_Revised.pdf |date=27 April 2021 }}.
* Cawthorne, Nigel. ''Jeremy Corbyn: Leading from the Left''. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2015 {{ISBN|978-1516971893}}
* {{cite book |last=Crick |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Crick |title=Militant |publisher=Biteback Publishing Ltd |location=London |date=10 March 2016 |isbn=978-1-78590-029-7}}
* Gilbert, W. Stephen. ''[[Jeremy Corbyn: Accidental Hero]]''. London: Eyeware Publishing Ltd (Squint Books series), 2015. {{ISBN|978-1-908998-89-7}}.
* Hedges, Paul, and Luca Farrow. "UK Elections: Jeremy Corbyn, Anti-Semitism, and Islamophobia". ''RSIS Commentaries'' (2 January 2020) [https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/136691/2/CO20002.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106072947/https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/136691/2/CO20002.pdf |date=6 November 2020 }}.
* {{cite magazine |last=Knight |first=Sam |date=23 May 2016 |title=Enter Left: will a fervent socialist reshape British politics or lead his party to irrelevance? |department=Letter from London |magazine=The New Yorker |volume=92 |issue=15 |pages=28–35 |url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/05/23/the-astonishing-rise-of-jeremy-corbyn |access-date=22 December 2016 |archive-date=30 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930133405/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/05/23/the-astonishing-rise-of-jeremy-corbyn |url-status=live }}
* Manwaring, Rob, and Evan Smith. "Corbyn, British labour and policy change". ''British Politics'' 15.1 (2020): 25–47 [http://www.academia.edu/download/62494015/Manwaring-Smith2020_Article_CorbynBritishLabourAndPolicyCh.pdf online]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}.
* Mueller, Frank, Andrea Whittle, and Gyuzel Gadelshina. "The discursive construction of authenticity: The case of Jeremy Corbyn". ''Discourse, Context & Media'' 31 (2019): 100324 [https://researchportal.northumbria.ac.uk/files/21474215/Corbyn_Paper_proxies_Forthcoming_2019_open_access_version.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709030555/https://researchportal.northumbria.ac.uk/files/21474215/Corbyn_Paper_proxies_Forthcoming_2019_open_access_version.pdf |date=9 July 2024 }}.
* Prince, Rosa. ''[[Comrade Corbyn]]: A Very Unlikely Coup: How Jeremy Corbyn Stormed to the Labour Leadership'' (Biteback Publishing, 2016) {{ISBN|978-1849549967}}
* {{Cite AV media |title=Oh, Jeremy Corbyn – The Big Lie |people=[[Alexei Sayle|Sayle, Alexei]] (narrator) |publisher=Platform Films |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PXvaWz4gpTc |via=[[YouTube]] |date=January 2023 |access-date=19 April 2024 |archive-date=19 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419112311/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=PXvaWz4gpTc |url-status=live }} (59 mins)
* Seymour, Richard. ''Corbyn: The Strange Rebirth of Radical Politics''. Verso Books, 2016. {{ISBN|9781784785314}}
* Sinha, Paresha, Owain Smolović Jones, and Brigid Carroll. "Theorizing dramaturgical resistance leadership from the leadership campaigns of Jeremy Corbyn". ''Human Relations'' (2019): 0018726719887310. [https://oro.open.ac.uk/68279/1/Dramaturgical%20resistance%20leadership.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506222306/http://oro.open.ac.uk/68279/1/Dramaturgical%20resistance%20leadership.pdf |date=6 May 2020 }}
* Watts, Jake, and Tim Bale. "Populism as an intra-party phenomenon: The British Labour party under Jeremy Corbyn". ''British Journal of Politics and International Relations'' 21.1 (2019): 99–115 [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1369148118806115 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210531054134/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1369148118806115 |date=31 May 2021 }}
* Whiteley, Paul and others. "Oh Jeremy Corbyn! Why did Labour Party membership soar after the 2015 general election?". ''British Journal of Politics and International Relations'' 21.1 (2019): 80–98. [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1369148118815408 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601173930/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1369148118815408 |date=1 June 2021 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://jeremycorbyn.org.uk/}}
* {{Bluesky}}
* {{Twitter}}
* [https://www.votecorbyn.com/ Campaign website for the 2024 general election]
* {{UK MP links|parliament=jeremy-corbyn/185|hansard=mr-jeremy-corbyn|hansardcurr=2717|guardian=1116/jeremy-corbyn|publicwhip=Jeremy_Corbyn|theywork=jeremy_corbyn|record=Jeremy-Corbyn/1002|bbc=25692.stm|journalisted=jeremy-corbyn}}
* {{C-SPAN|1000753}}

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