View source for Jaywalking

{{Short description|Pedestrian crossing of a carriageway outside of a crosswalk}}
{{Redirect2|Jaywalk|Jaywalker|the album|Jaywalker (album)|other uses|Jaywalk (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
[[File:Jaywalking.jpg|thumb|right|Sign prohibiting jaywalking in [[Singapore]]'s Orchard Road]]
'''Jaywalking''' is the act of [[pedestrian]]s walking in or crossing a roadway if that act contravenes traffic regulations. The term ''jay-walker'' originated in the United States as a derivation of the phrase ''jay-driver'' (the word ''jay'' meaning a [[wikt:greenhorn|greenhorn]], or [[rube]]<ref name="Webster">{{Cite web
 | title        = Why Jaywalking is Called Jaywalking
 | url          = https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/why-is-it-called-jaywalking
 | access-date  = 2017-09-10
 | website      = Merriam Webster
 | language     = en
}}</ref>), referring to people who drove horse-drawn carriages and automobiles on the wrong side of the road.

The arrival of the automobile in the opening decades of the 20th century led to increasingly deadly conflicts in the street, and the public was generally unsympathetic to motorists or to early legislative attempts to control pedestrian behavior.<ref name="Norton paper">{{cite journal
 | last1        = Norton
 | first1       = Peter D.
 | date         = 2007-04-02
 | title        = Street Rivals: Jaywalking and the Invention of the Motor Age Street.
 | url          = https://muse.jhu.edu/article/215409
 | publisher    = [[Johns Hopkins University Press]]
 | department   = [[Project MUSE]]
 | journal      = Technology and Culture
 | volume       = 48
 | issue        = 2
 | pages        = 331–359
 | doi          = 10.1353/tech.2007.0085
 | s2cid = 144015588
 | access-date  = 2021-05-27
| url-access= subscription
 }}</ref>{{sfn|Norton|2008}}
In response, the US automobile industry and associated organizations undertook public campaigns to identify pedestrians, often impugned as jay-walkers, as a problem to be managed in the new automotive age.<ref name="Norton paper" /> The first widely successful criminalization of jaywalking was enacted by the [[Los Angeles]] city council in 1925, using legislation drafted by the auto lobby that inspired similar ordinances in other American cities.<ref name="Norton paper" />

Jaywalking laws vary widely by jurisdiction. In many countries, the word is not generally used and, with the exception of certain high-speed roads such as [[motorway]]s, there are no laws limiting how pedestrians are allowed to cross public highways. Thus, globally speaking, legal texts use different concepts, one of which is ''Rules applicable to pedestrians'', put forward by the [[Vienna Convention on Road Traffic]].<ref name="crt1968e">{{Cite web
 | title        = Vienna Convention on Road Traffic (Amendment 1, 1968-11-08)
 | url          = https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/conventn/crt1968e.pdf
 | date         = 1968-11-08
 | publisher    = [[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe|United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)]]
 | language     = en
}}</ref> As an example of the subtleties and discrepancies of the laws governing pedestrian road traffic, even as a signing member of the Vienna convention, the United Kingdom does not have jaywalking laws: its [[Highway Code]] relies on the pedestrians making their own judgment on whether it is safe to cross based on the [[Green Cross Code]].

{{TOC limit|2}}

==Origin==
[[File:Don't jay walk 1937.jpg|thumb|right|An anti-jaywalking poster created in 1937 as part of the United States [[Works Progress Administration|WPA]]'s [[Federal Art Project]] ]]
While jaywalking is associated with pedestrians today, the earliest references to "jay" behavior in the street were about horse-drawn carriages and automobiles in 1905 Kansas: "[[Jay-driver|jay drivers]]" who did not drive on the correct side of the street.<ref name="Webster" /> The term swiftly expanded to pedestrians, and by 1909, ''The Chanute Daily Tribune'' warned "The jay walker needs attention as well as the jay driver, and is about as big a nuisance."<ref name="Webster" /> No historical evidence supports an alternative [[folk etymology]] by which the word is traced to either the letter "J" (characterizing the route a jaywalker might follow), or "[[jake walk]]" (an early term related to a drunkard's walk).{{according to whom|date=October 2024}}

The automobile lobby in the US took up the cause of labeling and scorning jaywalkers in the 1910s and early 1920s{{sfn|Norton|2008|p=78–79}}<ref name="Norton paper" /> In 1912, for instance, ''[[Popular Mechanics]]'' magazine reported that the term was current in [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]]: "The city pedestrian who cares not for traffic regulations at street corners, but strays all over the street, crossing in the middle of the block, or attempting to save time by choosing a diagonal route across a street intersection instead of adhering to the regular crossing, is designated as a "jay walker," in Kansas City."<ref name="Popular Mechanics 1912">{{Cite web |date=September 1912 |title="Jay Walking" Stopped in Kansas City |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9B7ZAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA414 |access-date=2023-12-27 |website=[[Popular Mechanics]] |language=en}}</ref> The earliest citation in the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' dates to 1917. The word was promoted by the pro-automobile lobby in the 1920s, according to historian and alternative transportation advocate [[Peter Norton (historian)|Peter D. Norton]].<ref name="Vanderbilt 2009">{{Cite web |last=Vanderbilt |first=Tom |date=2009-11-02 |title=In Defense of Jaywalking |url=https://slate.com/human-interest/2009/11/a-defense-of-jaywalking.html |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate Magazine]] |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120124805/https://slate.com/human-interest/2009/11/a-defense-of-jaywalking.html|archive-date=2018-11-20}}</ref> Today, in the US, the word is often used synonymously with its current legal definition, crossing the street illegally.<ref name="Vanderbilt 2009" />

Originally in the US, the legal rule was that "all persons have an equal right in the highway, and that in exercising the right each shall take due care not to injure other users of the way".<ref>Miller McClintock for the Chicago Association of Commerce, "Report and Recommendations of the Metropolitan Street Traffic Survey", p. 133, quoted by {{harvtxt|Norton|2008|p=289}}.</ref> In time, however, streets became the province of vehicular traffic, both practically and legally.<ref name="Norton paper"/>{{sfn|Norton|2008}}

==Causes==
[[File:MIDTOWN TRAFFIC CONGESTION AND JAYWALKING PEDESTRIANS - NARA - 549863.jpg|thumbnail|Jaywalkers cross a congested street in [[Midtown Manhattan]], 1973.]]
People jaywalk for various reasons, including convenience, the expectation of the right to free movement of individuals, and sometimes even personal safety, generally to cross the street. Going to a [[Pedestrian crossing|crosswalk]] can require a long detour.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xu |first1=Yaoshan |last2=Li |first2=Yongjuan |last3=Zhang |first3=Feng |date=2013 |title=Pedestrians' Intention to Jaywalk: Automatic or Planned? A Study Based on A Dual-Process Model in China |journal=Accident Analysis & Prevention |language=en |volume=50 |pages=811–819 |doi=10.1016/j.aap.2012.07.007 |pmid=22836117}}</ref>

Although [[cultural norm]]s about jaywalking vary by locality, the practice cannot simply be explained by corresponding differences in law. For example, [[Copenhagen]] and [[New York City]] have historically had similar restrictions on jaywalking at signalised crosswalks, but the practice is far more common in New York.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Emma |first1=Fitzsimmons |title=Jaywalking Is a New York Tradition. Now it's Legal Too |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/29/nyregion/jaywalking-legal-law-nyc.html |work=New York Times|date=October 29, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Bekendtgørelse af færdselsloven (LBK nr. 38 af 05/01/2017, gældende pr. 2017-03-30), § 10, stk. 5|date=2017-01-05 |url=https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=185819#id80f6114f-894c-4f54-a7c7-c537fde9dff6 |quote=Ved passage over kørebane eller cykelsti skal fodgængerfelt benyttes, såfremt et sådant findes i nærheden. |publisher=Retsinformation|language=da|access-date=2017-03-30}}</ref>

Pedestrians are often forced to walk outside crosswalks, when they are blocked by cars due to traffic congestion or drivers stopping too far forward. The common practice of car-centric traffic-signal synchronisation produces [[green wave]]s for motorists but not necessarily for pedestrians, who may encounter little or no conflicting traffic at cross streets where signals instruct them to wait.

Pedestrians may dislike crossing at intersections for other reasons, such as discomfort dealing with traffic from several directions (whereas a jaywalker at a location distant from an intersection only needs to observe at most two directions of traffic), or wanting to avoid the extra air emissions generated by vehicles stopping and starting (given that vehicular emissions are significantly less when vehicles are moving at steady speeds). In rural and suburban areas, people may jaywalk due to a lack of sidewalks. Some pedestrians are unwilling to observe lengthy wait times at signals. They are also more likely to make "informal crossings" at wide roads, or at locations where formal crosswalks are too distant to be practical for them to use.

Some crosswalk signals that require a pedestrian to push a button are unusable for orthodox Jews on the [[Shabbat]].<ref name="Vanderbilt 2008" />{{Rp|112–113}}

==Safety==
Unsignalised marked crosswalks where drivers are more likely to yield to pedestrians are not necessarily safer than their unmarked counterparts, where pedestrians behave more cautiously, not expecting motorists to yield.<ref name="Vanderbilt 2008">{{Cite book |last=Vanderbilt |first=Tom |url=https://archive.org/details/trafficwhywedriv00tom_2oa |title=Traffic: Why We Drive the Way We Do (And What It Says About Us) |publisher=Alfred A Knopf |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-307-26478-7 |location=New York |language=en |author-link=Tom Vanderbilt |url-access=registration}}</ref>{{Rp|198}}

Many American newspapers publish stories that are critical of pedestrian road users' safety practices, while police departments often instigate education and enforcement campaigns to curb jaywalking. While nearly 60% of American pedestrian deaths occur outside of crosswalks, fewer than 20% occur in close proximity to a crosswalk.<ref name="Vanderbilt 2009" />

== Legal view by jurisdiction ==
When used in the technical sense, jaywalking specifically refers to violation of pedestrian traffic regulations and laws and is therefore illegal. In many countries, such regulations do not exist and jaywalking is an unknown concept.

=== Africa ===
==== Zimbabwe ====
In Zimbabwe, jaywalking is illegal, according to the traffic laws gazetted in 2013 by the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Development. Disregarding designated crossing points or passing through red traffic lights carries a punishment of up to six months in jail or a 7,238.00 Zimbabwean Dollars fine (i.e around $20), as part of the new Highway Code. The code also deals with all road users; it used to emphasise rules for motorists and cyclists.<ref>{{cite web
 | title        = Pedestrians to be jailed
 | url          = http://www.herald.co.zw/pedestrians-to-be-jailed/
 | date         = 28 December 2013
 | work         = [[The Herald (Zimbabwe)]]
 | last = Matambanadzo
 | first = Peter
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131230011753/www.herald.co.zw/pedestrians-to-be-jailed/
 | archive-date = 2013-12-30
}}</ref>

=== Asia ===
In many Asian countries, the low level of traffic control means that jaywalking is often more of a necessity to a pedestrian and is rarely punished except in major commercial hubs such as Singapore. In many countries like India and Vietnam, the amount of traffic and the lack of knowledge and obedience to traffic safety rules makes it common for pedestrians to walk out into oncoming traffic and effectively "carve out" a route to the other side of the road.{{citation needed|date=October 2013}}

====Mainland China====
[[File:Intersection of East Chang'an Avenue and Nanheyan Street, Beijing, 2014.jpg|thumb|Fences, like here in Beijing, deter jaywalkers from crossing the road.]]
In recent years, jaywalking has become more strictly controlled in China as car traffic increased. Police have tested facial recognition to identify jaywalkers.<ref>{{cite web
 | title        = Attention, jaywalkers: ''You'll be sprayed with water in central China city''
 | url          = https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/attention-jaywalkers-youll-be-sprayed-with-water-in-central-china-city
 | publisher    = [[The Straits Times]]
 | date         = 20 April 2018
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 | title        = Jaywalking in China: ''Facial recognition surveillance will soon instantly fine citizens via text message''
 | url          = http://www.newsweek.com/jaywalking-china-facial-recognition-surveillance-will-soon-fine-citizens-text-861401
 | website      = [[Newsweek]]
 | date         = 27 March 2018
}}</ref> The authorities applied a new method to deter jaywalkers by displaying their photo on large public screens in the area where the jaywalking occurred, to publicly shame any violator of pedestrian street rules. The system has flaws: the photo of the businesswoman [[Dong Mingzhu]] was displayed on those screens after the AI systems misinterpreted her appearance on a passing bus advertisement as a real person crossing the street in an illegal fashion.<ref>{{cite web
 | author       = Li Tao
 | title        = Facial recognition snares China's air con queen Dong Mingzhu for jaywalking, but it's not what it seems
 | url          = https://www.scmp.com/tech/innovation/article/2174564/facial-recognition-catches-chinas-air-con-queen-dong-mingzhu
 | website      = [[South China Morning Post]]
 | date         = 23 November 2018
 | access-date  = 13 June 2019
}}</ref>

==== Hong Kong ====
In Hong Kong, it is an offence to cross roads within the zigzag area around [[zebra crossing]]s, or within 15 m of other crossing points (including signal-controlled crossings, footbridges and subways) without using the crossing, or climb over fences to cross the road.<ref>Cap 374G, Section 39</ref> It is also an offence to cross the road at a signalled crossing when it is red.<ref>Cap 374G, Section 33(6), with penalty listed in Section 61(2)</ref>

====Israel====
Israeli transit regulations section 110<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.gov.il/he/departments/legalInfo/pedestrians_legislation |title=חקיקה - הולכי רגל |author=לשכה משפטית ופניות ציבור, הרשות הלאומית לבטיחות בדרכים |date=May 18, 2017}}</ref> states a person shall not cross a road unless they have checked to make sure it is safe to do so. Where there is a "nearby" pedestrian crossing, a pedestrian shall not cross the road except at the pedestrian crossing. Where there is no pedestrian crossing nearby but there is a "nearby" intersection, the pedestrian shall cross "near" the intersection. In any case, the pedestrian shall cross at a reasonable speed and in the shortest straight line across the road, without spending undue time on the road.

Israeli courts have ruled that the legislature left the term "nearby" deliberately vague and it must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.<ref>{{citation |url=https://lite.takdin.co.il/document/2188299/%D7%AA%20%D7%AA%20%D7%AA%D7%9C%20%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91%20%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%2045552%2005%20%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA%20%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%20%D7%A0%20%D7%91%D7%9F%20%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93%20 |title=הכרעת דין - מדינת ישראל נ' בן דוד עמוס |date=December 16, 2007}}</ref>

==== South Korea ====
In Korea, it is illegal to cross the road outside of the crosswalk mark on a road with a crosswalk or to cross without following traffic lights on the crosswalk. On a crossing controlled by traffic light, pedestrians can cross only on green. Except for persons with physical disabilities, pedestrians must use the facilities to cross the roads with overpasses or underground sidewalks. Jaywalking is naturally prohibited on roads with pedestrian prohibition signs such as expressways.{{cn|date=April 2023}}

[[File:KR road sign 230.svg|thumb|150px|South Korean traffic safety sign instructing pedestrians to not walk in a certain area]]

The fine for jaywalking is 20,000 won.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

However, pedestrians can cross a road which does not have any crosswalk. They also cross the intersection and near part of intersections without traffic lights at the shortest distance. The standard for not having a crosswalk is usually 200 meters. In addition, on roads that do not have a distinction between center lines or lanes, pedestrians can occupy the entire road, walk and cross. This is entirely legal and pedestrians are legally protected from cars.{{cn|date=April 2023}}

==== India ====
In India, jaywalking is not explicitly included in the law as an offence but is covered under the broader term 'obstruction of traffic' in state and metropolitan laws. Examples include section 28B of the Delhi Police Act, 33B of the Bombay Police Act and 92G of the Karnataka Police Act.<ref>* {{cite web |url= http://lawmin.nic.in/ld/P-ACT/1978/The%20Delhi%20Police%20Act,%201978.pdf |title= The Delhi Police Act, 1978 |publisher= Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India |access-date= 2017-11-15 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171116031625/http://lawmin.nic.in/ld/P-ACT/1978/The%20Delhi%20Police%20Act,%201978.pdf |archive-date= 2017-11-16 |url-status= dead }}
* {{cite web |url= http://mahapolice.gov.in/mahapolice/jsp/temp/html/bombay_police_act_1951.pdf |title= Bombay Police Act, 1951 |website= mahapolice.gov.in |access-date= 2017-11-15 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171215082003/http://mahapolice.gov.in/mahapolice/jsp/temp/html/bombay_police_act_1951.pdf |archive-date= 2017-12-15 |url-status= dead }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.bcp.gov.in/doc/Karnataka%20Police%20%20Act%201963.pdf |title=The Karnataka Police Act, 1963 |publisher=PRS Legislative Research |access-date=2017-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116025649/http://www.bcp.gov.in/doc/Karnataka%20Police%20%20Act%201963.pdf |archive-date=2017-11-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, jaywalking is common in cities because of the lack of regulated crossings and footpaths, ignorance of safety rules, and the poor regulation of related laws by authorities.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chaitanya Swamy|first1=HM|title=Bad footpaths force jaywalking in Bangalore|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-bad-footpaths-force-jaywalking-in-bangalore-1643681|access-date=15 November 2017|work=DNA|date=30 January 2012}}</ref> Drives against jaywalking are conducted by the police departments from time to time and offenders are given fines of 100 to 500 [[Indian rupees]], depending upon the jurisdictions.<ref>{{cite news| first=Karthik |last=Balasubramanian |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/jaywalking-drive-resumes-28-fined/story-CMjqmSNLueS9koReYqzVfM.html |title=Jaywalking drive resumes, 28 fined |date=29 October 2009 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=15 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116023136/https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/jaywalking-drive-resumes-28-fined/story-CMjqmSNLueS9koReYqzVfM.html|archive-date=2017-11-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Chaitanya Swamy|first1=HM|title=Beware, jaywalkers! Now you will be fined|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-beware-jaywalkers-now-you-will-be-fined-1809712|access-date=15 November 2017|work=DNA|date=11 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Rao|first1=Mohit M|title=Walking into danger|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/walking-into-danger/article7990141.ece|access-date=15 November 2017|work=The Hindu|date=15 December 2015}}</ref> Drivers must yield the right of way for pedestrians at unsignalled crossings and marked pedestrian crossings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://transport.bih.nic.in/Acts/The-Road-Regulations-Rules-1989.pdf |title=Rules of the road regulations, 1989 |publisher=Government of India |date=12 June 1989 |access-date=November 15, 2017 |archive-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819231340/http://transport.bih.nic.in/Acts/The-Road-Regulations-Rules-1989.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Who has the right-of-way?|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/who-has-the-rightofway/article4391278.ece|access-date=15 November 2017|work=The Hindu|date=8 February 2013}}</ref>

==== Iran ====
In [[Iran]], crossing outside crossing points within 150m of one or if the pedestrian light is red, as well as starting to cross when the light is flashing, has been prohibited since the 1970s. If in an intersection there is no pedestrian light, traffic lights would be considered and so it is illegal when it is red or orange. As of November, 2009, jaywalking carries fines from 300,000 up to 2,000,000 [[Iranian rial|rials]] (US$9 to US$60). The law has almost never been enforced.<ref name="Jaywalking new fines announcement through the Widely-Circulated Daily Newspapers">{{cite web|url=http://www1.jamejamonline.ir/newstext.aspx?newsnum=100862565256|title=عابران پياده! از فردا تخلف ممنوع|access-date=8 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="Traffic laws of Iran">{{Cite web
 | title        = 4-_جدول_جرايم_راهنمايي_و_رانندگي.pdf (4- Table of crimes instruction and driving)
 | url        = http://www.police.ir/uploads/4-_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%88_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D9%8A.pdf
 | access-date        = January 21, 2014
 | archive-date        = December 26, 2013
 | archive-url        = https://web.archive.org/web/20131226120148/http://police.ir/uploads/4-_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%88_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D9%8A.pdf
 | url-status        = dead
 }}</ref>

====Kazakhstan====
In [[Kazakhstan]], jaywalking is illegal and punishable by a fine.  This is enforced on major streets in large cities. {{citation needed|date=November 2019}}

====Philippines====
[[File:Walang Tawiran Nakamamatay (4311640879).jpg|thumb|Anti-jaywalking sign of the MMDA located on the [[Ortigas Avenue]] road median in [[Metro Manila]]. The sign roughly translates to "There is no crossing. Deadly."]]
In the [[Philippines]], jaywalking is not illegal. The [[Land Transportation and Traffic Code]], which was passed in 1964, states that within commercial or residential areas, drivers of vehicles must yield the [[Traffic#Passage priority (right of way)|right of way]] to pedestrians crossing public roads on pedestrian crossings, except when traffic movement is regulated by traffic enforcers. Likewise, pedestrians must yield their right of way to motor vehicles when crossing a public road at any point other than a pedestrian crossing.<ref name="RA4136">{{Cite PH act|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1964/06/20/republic-act-no-4136/|chamber=RA|number=4136|date=June 20, 1964|title=Land Transportation and Traffic Code|access-date=August 30, 2023|archive-date=August 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830112751/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1964/06/20/republic-act-no-4136/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is however, illegal to cross or traverse an [[Philippine expressway network|expressway]] on foot based on the Revised Rules and Regulations Governing Limited Access Highways.<ref name="DPWC-AO-1-1968">{{Cite PH act|url=https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/sites/default/files/issuances/DO_123_S2001.pdf |chamber=AO|prefix=[[Department of Public Works and Highways|Department of Public Works and Communications]]|number=1|date=February 19, 1968|title=Revised Rules and Regulations Governing Limited Access Highways|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809211830/https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/sites/default/files/issuances/DO_123_S2001.pdf|archive-date=August 9, 2017}}</ref>

[[Administrative divisions of the Philippines|Local government unit]]s may explicitly prohibit jaywalking in their localities through local ordinances, such as [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority]] (MMDA) Ordinance No. 1 series of 1995, which supplements city and municipal anti-jaywalking ordinances in [[Metro Manila]] on [[List of roads in Metro Manila|major roads]].<ref>{{Cite PH act|url=https://mmda.gov.ph/images/pdf/regulation/MMDA-Regulation-12-001.pdf|chamber=REG|number=12-001|prefix=MMDA|date=May 29, 2012|title=Strictly Implementing Anti-Jaywalking and Further Amending Ordinance No. 1, Series of 1995 Entitled "Anti-Jaywalking in Metropolitan Manila and Providing Penalties Therefor" as Amended by MMDA Regulation No. 99-013, Series of 1999}}</ref>

In 2007, the [[Supreme Court of the Philippines]] exemplified Article 2179 of the [[Civil Code of the Philippines]] in the context of jaywalking, ruling that a pedestrian who is injured as a result of jaywalking may forfeit the right to recover [[damages]] if their own [[negligence]] contributed to the injury. Alternatively, the pedestrian may only recover partial damages if the vehicle driver is found to have [[contributory negligence]].<ref name="CivilCodePH">{{Cite PH act|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1949/06/18/republic-act-no-386/|chamber=RA|number=386|date=June 18, 1949|title=Civil Code of the Philippines}}{{source-attribution}}</ref><ref name="GR130003">{{Cite PH act|url=https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2007/jun2007/gr_164012_2007.html|chamber=GR|number=164012|date=June 8, 2007|title=Flordeliza Mendoza vs. Mutya Soriano and Minor Julie Ann Soriano duly represented by her natural mother and guardian ad litem Mutya Soriano}}</ref>

====Singapore====
[[File:Singapore road sign - Prohibitory - No jaywalking.svg|thumbnail|A "No Jaywalking" sign from Singapore]]
In [[Singapore]], jaywalking (not using a traffic crossing while within 50m of it) is an offence. A fine of $50 is payable for the first offence. Repeat offenders can be charged $1000 and a jail term of 3 months, but the latter is rarely imposed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20120201-325253.html|title=8,650 caught jaywalking|publisher=AsiaOne|access-date=8 April 2016|archive-date=October 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010213757/http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20120201-325253.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2011, 8,650 people were caught jaywalking and fined in Singapore.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.singapore-the-fine-city.com/2009/04/jaywalk.html |title=Jaywalking Is An Offence in Singapore |publisher=The FINE City |access-date=8 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307002113/http://www.singapore-the-fine-city.com/2009/04/jaywalk.html |archive-date=7 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Between January and March 2012, Singapore prosecuted 1,758 for jaywalking, and between January and March 2013, 2,409 jaywalkers were fined.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/more-are-jaywalking-despite-the-danger|title=More are jaywalking, despite the danger |work=The Straits Times|access-date=8 April 2016|date=2013-05-06 }}</ref>

===Europe===
[[File:Luxembourg road sign C,3g (bottom) with C,19.jpg|thumb|150px|Pedestrian prohibition in Luxembourg]]
[[File:Autoroute F.svg|thumb|150px|right|The [[motorway]]'s status is signed at its entries and exits by a symbol, conforming to international agreements but specific to each country. Pedestrians are usually banned on European motorways.]]

In many European countries, pedestrians are banned from high speed roads such as motorways or expressways, but they are generally permitted on regular rural and urban roads. That is done in compliance with the [[Vienna Convention on Road Traffic]],<ref name="crt1968e" /> which also contains concepts addressing the question of the usage of the road or street by pedestrians for walking or crossing. Some countries like Ireland do not comply with the convention as rigorously as others. Laws and traditions vary from country to country.

Pedestrians account for 10% of motorway fatalities: 217 pedestrian fatalities on EU motorways in 2012 and 847 between 2010 and 2012. The rate is 20% in Poland, 17% in Great Britain, 15% in Spain and 10% in France. These include vehicle users who leave their vehicles after they have broken down, workers in work zones and individuals who illegally enter the motorway on foot.<ref>{{Citation |last=European Transport Safety Council |title=Ranking EU Progress on Improving Motorway Safety (PIN Flash 28) |date=2015 |url=http://etsc.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015-03-pin-flash-report-28.pdf |postscript=. |language=en}}</ref>

==== Belgium ====
Pedestrians must use marked crossings within 20&nbsp;m if the speed limit is above 30&nbsp;km/h.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Verkeerregels voor Voetgangers en Fietsers |trans-title=Traffic Rules for Pedestrians and Cyclists |url=http://www.lokalepolitie.be/5363/diensten/verkeer/110-verkeerregels-voor-voetgangers-en-fietsers.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612154149/http://www.lokalepolitie.be/5363/diensten/verkeer/110-verkeerregels-voor-voetgangers-en-fietsers.html |archive-date=2016-06-12 |access-date=8 April 2016 |website=Lokale Politie |language=nl}}</ref> However, any physical injury to a pedestrian caused by a traffic accident is compensated by the insurance of the drivers involved, regardless of the responsibility of the pedestrian, unless the pedestrian is over 14 and wanted the accident and its consequences to occur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_loi/loi_a1.pl?DETAIL=1989112130/F&caller=list&row_id=1&numero=1&rech=2&cn=1989112130&table_name=LOI&nm=1989011371&la=F&chercher=t&dt=LOI&language=fr&fr=f&choix1=ET&choix2=ET&fromtab=loi_all&sql=dt+contains++%27LOI%27+and+dd+=+date%271989-11-21%27and+actif+=+%27Y%27&ddda=1989&tri=dd+AS+RANK+&trier=promulgation&dddj=21&dddm=11&imgcn.x=33&imgcn.y=26#LNK0016|title=LOI - WET|website=www.ejustice.just.fgov.be}}</ref>

====Finland====
It is legal to cross all roads except motorways in [[Finland]]. Crossing a road must be done in a perpendicular direction, without undue delay, and must use a zebra crossing if one is nearby. Cars are required by law to give way to pedestrians at [[zebra crossing]]s unless there is a traffic light.{{according to whom?|date=October 2024}}

====France====
[[File:Panneau B9a sur l'A406.jpeg|thumb|alt=Panneau d'interdiction d'accès aux piétons| {{ill|Panneau d'interdiction d'accès aux piétons en France|fr}} near the [[A406 autoroute|A406 motorway]]. Notice the fence, that motorists must cross to safety in case of breakdown.]]
 
Pedestrians are required to use sidewalks (if any), and zebra crossings for crossing a street if one is within 50&nbsp;m; they must also
* cross at right angles to the road axis,
* only cross a ''place'' (including a market/town square in which motor vehicles are permitted) or any intersection on a formal crossing
* cross only at the green pedestrian light if in situ, and
* obey a police officer, if one regulates crossing.

More rules apply at night, on countryside roads, to groups of marching people, etc. Disregarding those rules may be punished by a fine of the lowest grade ("''contravention de première classe''": 11 to 17€, or 33€ if paid late)<ref>{{Citation |title=Code de la route, Articles R412-34 to R412-43 |url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCodeArticle.do?idArticle=LEGIARTI000023095943&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006074228 |postscript=. |language=fr |access-date=30 September 2016 |via=Legifrance}}</ref> but few people were ever fined for such behavior; any actual fines were usually because they showed contempt instead of apologising or providing some valid safety reason. On the other hand, drivers must always let pedestrians cross if they have already started or if they clearly demonstrate the intention to do so, even when the pedestrian is disregarding the rules, and will bear full responsibility if an accident occurs.<ref>{{Citation |title=Code de la route, Article R415-11 |url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCodeArticle.do?idArticle=LEGIARTI000019277039&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006074228&categorieLien=id&dateTexte=20101116 |language=en |via=Legifrance}}</ref> These rules are often not respected; most pedestrians would cross anywhere (including at a red pedestrian light) when no car can be seen nearby on the road, but would not take the risk of trying to cross even on a zebra crossing when a car is coming, until it stops.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}

On French motorways, pedestrians are banned; in case of breakdown motorists are required to leave the car and walk away to safety, behind fences or lines marking the road boundaries, where no car can hit them. Nonetheless, some pedestrians are injured on motorways: in 2016, on the tolled motorway network:<ref>{{Citation |last=ASFA |title=Sécurité Sur Autoroute Accidents Mortels Chiffres Clés / Motorway Safety Fatal Accidents Key Figures |date=2016 |url=http://www.autoroutes.fr/FCKeditor/UserFiles/File/Chiffres%20cl%C3%A9s%20accidents%20mortels%202016.pdf |postscript=. |language=fr,en}}</ref>
* 16% of fatalities were pedestrians, an average of 23 pedestrian fatalities per year on the network.
* 69% of pedestrian motorway fatalities occurred on motorway lanes, 28% occurred on emergency lanes, and 3% in rest areas.
* injured pedestrians' presence on the motorway was due to breakdowns, stopping in emergency lanes (40%), accidents (28%), motorway staff (3%), providing assistance (2%), or other reasons (27%).

==== Germany ====
Pedestrians must follow rules when crossing the street. Even so, Section&nbsp;1 of the Road Traffic Regulation ({{Ill|Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung|de|Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (Deutschland)}} [StVO]), the most important section,<ref>{{Citation |title=Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung, § 1 |url=https://dejure.org/gesetze/StVO/1.html |language=de |via=dejure.org}}</ref> requires the road user not to endanger anybody. Car drivers must always be prepared to brake for pedestrians, especially for children and elderly people. On the other hand, pedestrians, according to Section 25 <span class="plainlinks-print">[https://dejure.org/gesetze/StVO/25.html § 25, Abs. 3, StVO]</span> ([http://www.sicherestrassen.de/VwV/Frameaufbau.htm?http://www.sicherestrassen.de/VwV/V25.htm VwV]), must watch the vehicular traffic carefully and cross a street quickly and using the shortest way across the driving lanes.

Depending on the situation on the street, pedestrians may not cross the street except at intersections or within the markings of traffic signals or crosswalks. Pedestrians who cross the street at intersections or crossings must use existing traffic signals or crosswalks. Cars and bikes are required by law to give way to pedestrians (but not bicycle riders) at zebra crossings unless there is a traffic light. If one wants to cross the street outside the markings of traffic lights or crosswalks, one must carefully observe before and during the crossing that the road is clear, and wait before crossing if a vehicle approaches. A pedestrian may not interrupt the flow of traffic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fahrbahnüberquerung durch Fußgänger |trans-title=Pedestrians Cross the Lane |url=http://www.verkehrslexikon.de/Module/Fahrbahnueberquerung_durch_Fussgaenger.php |website=Das Verkehrslexikon |language=de }}, cases at verkehrslexikon.de</ref>

Although being within 15 meters is not considered "at" the crosswalk or traffic light, pedestrians may not cross the street within 30 meters of a crosswalk or 40 meters of a traffic light. During heavy traffic, pedestrians may not cross the street, as they might have to stop on a traffic lane. Typical fines for not using existing crosswalks or traffic lights in Germany are between 5€ and 10€.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bußgeldkatalog: Womit Fußgänger bei Verstößen Rechnen Müssen |trans-title=Catalog of Fines: What Pedestrians Have to Expect in the Event of Violations |url=https://www.bussgeldkatalog.de/fussgaenger |website=Bussgeldcatalog.de |language=de}}</ref>

==== Hungary ====
Whilst jaywalking is not specifically defined by the Hungarian Highway Code ([[:hu:KRESZ|KRESZ]]) as an offence, various restrictions and prohibitions apply for pedestrians crossing or walking along roads. Fines are applied at the discretion of the police of up to 30,000 [[forint]] for each offence, according to Section [http://www.kresz.info/ 21 (1-13)] of the code. Pedestrians have the right of way on crosswalks and may cross the road at certain specified points such as at intersections if crosswalks are not available.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kreszabc.hu/para.php?para=23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624045302/http://www.kreszabc.hu/para.php?para=23|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 24, 2013|title=KRESZ ABC; naprakész KRESZ szabályok böngészője|website=www.kreszabc.hu}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}

==== Ireland ====
[[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] maintains a jaywalking law, which requires a pedestrian to use a pedestrian crossing if they are within {{convert|15|m|ft}} of one. When crossing a road, pedestrians are advised to wait until it is safe to cross. Vehicles should give way to the pedestrian who uses a zebra crossing. Irish children are taught the [[Road Safety Authority]] safe cross code in schools where it teaches them to stop, listen, and look out for any oncoming traffic whilst crossing a road and only cross a road if safe to do so. It also advises them to use traffic lights and zebra crossings to cross a road rather than jaywalk. The [[Garda Síochána]] usually do not take action on jaywalkers unless they caused possible harm to drivers or others.<ref name="Larkin 2014">{{Cite news |last=Larkin |first=Laura |date=June 17, 2014 |title=Majority of People Want Fines Imposed for Jaywalking |language=en |work=Irish Independent |url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/news/majority-of-people-want-fines-imposed-for-jaywalking-30361305.html |access-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909210836/https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/majority-of-people-want-fines-imposed-for-jaywalking/30361305.html|archive-date=2024-09-09}}</ref>

==== Italy ====
[[File:Italian traffic signs - preavviso di inizio strada extraurbana principale (figura II 347).svg|upright=1.2|thumb|Warning sign of the start of the ''[[strada extraurbana principale]]'' where some restrictions are indicated.]]

Pedestrians are allowed to cross a street without any recognised crossing point only if there are no zebra crossings within a range of 100&nbsp;m, but they should be careful anyway. If pedestrians cross a street at a crosswalk, drivers must yield.<ref>{{Citation |title=Codice della strada, Art. 190 |date=11 July 2016 |url=http://www.aci.it/i-servizi/normative/codice-della-strada/titolo-v-norme-di-comportamento/art-190-comportamento-dei-pedoni.html |postscript=. |language=it |access-date=2017-02-21 |via=Automobile Club d'Italia}}</ref><br>
Walking on highways (''[[Autostrade of Italy|autostrade]]'') and main suburban roads (''[[strade extraurbane principali]]'') is always forbidden.

====Netherlands====
There is no concept of jaywalking in the Netherlands' traffic laws, so it is not an offence as such.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-04 |title=When There Is No Such Concept as 'Jaywalking' |url=https://bicycledutch.wordpress.com/2017/09/05/when-there-is-no-such-concept-as-jaywalking/ |access-date=2019-09-21 |website=Bicycle Dutch |language=en}}</ref> Without zebra stripes, pedestrians must yield, but at a zebra, road traffic must slow down and yield as soon as pedestrians ''seem about to'' cross.

====Poland====
Jaywalking is an offence. One must cross only at recognised crossing points if there is one within 100&nbsp;m (including pedestrian tunnels and footbridges). Otherwise, regular roads may be crossed with due care. Crossing dual carriageways (except motorways) is allowed only outside towns. Crossing tram and train tracks that are separate and parallel to street is always prohibited. Crossing on red lights is prohibited and considered to be an offence.<ref>although there are some considerations on this subject, because the offense is punishable under the provisions of the Code of Offenses, which states that "who violates other traffic rules", where the term "other" is not defined by law</ref> According to regulations of "Prawo o Ruchu Drogowym" (Traffic Regulations Act) crossing the road outside the pedestrian crossing is allowed only if it does not endanger traffic safety or obstruct traffic. The pedestrian is not obliged to give priority to vehicles and should follow the shortest line to the opposite edge of the road, perpendicular to the road axis. Crossing the track separated from the road is only allowed in designated locations.<ref>[https://prawo.money.pl/kodeks/drogowy/dzial-ii-ruch-drogowy/rozdzial-2-ruch-pieszych/art-13 Article 13 of the Road Traffic Act] (in Polish)</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Ustawa z dnia 20 czerwca 1997 r. - Prawo o ruchu drogowym |url=http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU19970980602/U/D19970602Lj.pdf |postscript=. |trans-title=Act of June 20, 1997 - Road Traffic Law |language=pl |via=prawo.sejm.gov.pl |access-date=August 26, 2019 |archive-date=August 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826203136/http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU19970980602/U/D19970602Lj.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

====Portugal====
It is illegal to cross the road except when the nearest zebra crossing is more than 50&nbsp;m away. Any crossing above that distance is legal. Pedestrians have priority over cars.

==== Romania ====
Jaywalking can be fined, but you are still permitted to cross the street on the corner of the street if no crosswalk exists but you do not have priority over the cars.

==== Russia ====
Pedestrians must cross all roads at defined crossing points such as zebra crossings, pedestrian tunnels, footbridges, or unmarked crossings. Pedestrians are free to cross all roads without safety barriers, or a median if there is no crossing point in sight.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ПДД РФ, 4. Обязанности пешеходов \ КонсультантПлюс |url=https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_2709/1736bcf22f8e05f9d3db535f6d084651bad887a4/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=www.consultant.ru}}</ref> Jaywalkers may be fined 500 rubles at the discretion of the police, or 1000-1500 rubles if intoxicated.<ref>{{Cite web |title=КоАП РФ Статья 12.29. Нарушение Правил дорожного движения пешеходом или иным лицом, участвующим в процессе дорожного движения \ КонсультантПлюс |url=https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_34661/20eb60eb2fdfdf7b25ec84d4986aca7dc4f8424c/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=www.consultant.ru}}</ref>

====Scandinavia====
It is legal to cross all roads except motorways in [[Denmark]], [[Sweden]] and [[Norway]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-07 |title=Is Jaywalking Illegal In Norway? Detailed Answer! - The Norway Guide |url=https://thenorwayguide.com/jaywalking-in-norway/ |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=thenorwayguide.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Cars and bikes are required by law to give way to pedestrians (but not bicycle riders) at zebra crossings unless there is a traffic light with a green light and it is green for the cars or bikes and no pedestrians are currently using the crossing. Pedestrians are encouraged to cross the road at zebra crossings if there is one nearby and are discouraged from crossing at a red light.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}

In Norway, a red man at the crossing is the signal for pedestrians not to begin crossing if it would impede cars or entail danger,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lovdata.no/for/sf/sd/xd-20051007-1219.html#24|title=Forskrift om offentlige trafikkskilt, vegoppmerking, trafikklyssignaler og anvisninger (skiltforskriften)|date=7 October 2005|publisher=Lovdata|language=no|access-date=13 December 2009}} (ch 12 §24, no. 1086 covers pedestrian signals)</ref> but a person may walk across if there are no cars nearby. Risking oneself by running across in front of cars is not legal.<ref name=":2" /> Cyclists are required to stop at red lights, but because not everyone is aware of that, the Norwegian national cyclists' organisation has proposed to end confusion by prohibiting all people from crossing at red lights.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/norge/Vil-forby-a-ga-pa-rodt-404889b.html|title=Vil forby å gå på rødt|last=Dregelid|first=Solrun|date=19 May 2006|publisher=Aftenposten|language=no|access-date=13 December 2009}}</ref>

In Denmark, it is illegal to cross the road outside of a pedestrian crossing if one is nearby.<ref>{{Citation |title=Bekendtgørelse af færdselsloven (LBK nr. 38 af 05/01/2017, gældende pr. 2017-03-30), § 10, stk. 5|date=2017-01-05 |url=https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=185819#id80f6114f-894c-4f54-a7c7-c537fde9dff6 |quote=Ved passage over kørebane eller cykelsti skal fodgængerfelt benyttes, såfremt et sådant findes i nærheden. |publisher=Retsinformation|language=da|access-date=2017-03-30}}</ref>

In Sweden, it is illegal, but not punishable, for a pedestrian to cross at a red light. However, if doing this causes a traffic accident, the pedestrian could be convicted of negligence in traffic.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NTF |title=Gående |url=https://ntf.se/konsumentupplysning/lagar-och-regler/gaende/ |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=ntf.se}}</ref>

====Serbia====
In [[Serbia]], it is illegal to cross roads other than at pedestrian crossings if there is a zebra crossing within 100&nbsp;m.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zakon o bezbednosti saobraćaja na putevima: 41/2009-3, 53/2010-12, 101/2011-270, 32/2013-22 (US), 55/2014-61, 96/2015-106 (dr. zakon), 9/2016-178 (US), 24/2018-70, 41/2018-122, 41/2018-32 (dr. zakon), 87/2018-26, 23/2019-3, 128/2020-3 (dr. zakon) |trans-title=Law on Road Traffic Safety: 41/2009-3, 53/2010-12, 101/2011-270, 32/2013-22 (CC), 55/2014-61, 96/2015-106 (other law), 9/2016-178 (CC), 24/2018-70, 41/2018-122, 41/2018-32 (other law), 87/2018-26, 23/2019-3, 128/2020-3 (other law) |url=http://www.pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs/SlGlasnikPortal/eli/rep/sgrs/skupstina/zakon/2009/41/1/reg/20201026 |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs}}</ref>

====Slovakia====
In [[Slovakia]], it is illegal to cross roads other than at pedestrian crossings if there is a zebra crossing within {{convert|50|m|ft|abbr=on}}, or for certain types of road. If not regulated by traffic lights, pedestrians have priority on pedestrian crossings over cars but not trams. However, pedestrians must wait for a safe moment to cross and so cars usually fail to stop if there are pedestrians around, unlike in other European countries where pedestrians may cross immediately.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}

====Slovenia====
In [[Slovenia]], pedestrians must use [[zebra crossing]]s and obey traffic signals. They may cross elsewhere only if the nearest zebra crossing is at least {{convert|100|m|ft|abbr=on}} away and the lanes are not divided by a solid center line or median. Pedestrians have priority only at zebra crossings; elsewhere, vehicles are not required to yield. Violations are punishable by a fine of 40 euros.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PISRS - ZPrCP|url=https://pisrs.si/pregledPredpisa?id=ZAKO5793|language=sl}}</ref>

[[File:06 Jaywalking traffic offense - crossing crosswalk with red light in Barcelona, Spain.jpg|thumb|Pedestrians in [[Barcelona]] jaywalking with red light]]

====Switzerland====
In [[Switzerland]], pedestrians are generally allowed to cross the street everywhere. They have priority on zebra crossings but should cross with care.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Loi fédérale sur la circulation routière (LCR) |url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/fr/classified-compilation/19580266/201307010000/741.01.pdf |language=fr |via=admin.ch}}</ref> However, they must use a pedestrian crossing, bridge or underpass if it is within 50&nbsp;m.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/1962/1364_1409_1420/fr|title=Fedlex|website=www.fedlex.admin.ch}}</ref> Certain types of roads must not be entered by pedestrians, such as highways and motorways. Failure to comply is subject to a fine of 20 Swiss Francs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/19960142/index.html#app1|title=SR 741.031 Ordnungsbussenverordnung (OBV) vom 4. März 1996|website=www.admin.ch|access-date=2019-02-23}}</ref> Likewise, crossing or bypassing of closed railway gates is prohibited.

On motorways, fines may vary based on the situation. A driver driving at 100&nbsp;km/h on a road with a 120&nbsp;km/h speed limit, if the light visibility is 60&nbsp;m and the braking distance is 65&nbsp;m, may be fined for not noticing a person on the road. Even if that person is suicidal, as in a court case in 2017, that fact does not matter. A fine of 210 [[Swiss francs]] fine is cheaper than the court costs. However, such circumstances may also be considered to be exceptional and unpredictable.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.thelocal.ch/20170622/swiss-court-convicts-driver-for-killing-suicidal-woman-who-lay-on-motorway |title = Swiss court convicts driver for killing suicidal woman who lay on motorway|date = 2017-06-22}}</ref>

==== United Kingdom ====
[[File:UK traffic sign 625.1.svg|150px|thumb|right|Pedestrians prohibited sign in the United Kingdom]]

In England, Wales and Scotland (Great Britain) it is not illegal to cross or walk on any roads except [[motorways]] (where pedestrians and slow vehicles are not permitted), and roads with the "No Pedestrians" sign displayed. The [[Highway Code]] contains rules for crossing a road safely,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/TravelAndTransport/Highwaycode/DG_070108 |title=1-35: Rules for pedestrians: Directgov - Travel and transport |publisher=Direct.gov.uk |access-date=2010-04-04}}</ref> but these are recommendations and not legally directly enforceable, though branches of the highway code may be used as supporting evidence in prosecutions. As with other advisory parts of the Highway Code, compliance and non-compliance can be used to claim/counterclaim/defend against liability in [[civil law (common law)|civil law]] claims such as insurance claims.<ref name="RTA">{{cite web |url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1988/Ukpga_19880052_en_2.htm#mdiv38 |title=Road Traffic Act 1988 (c.52), s.38(7) |access-date=3 August 2006 |publisher=[[Office of Public Sector Information]]}}</ref>

The term "jaywalking" can be obscure to those not exposed to American culture. There is no law preventing such an act. British citizens, like citizens from other countries where it is not an offence, are more prone to infringe jaywalking laws abroad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What every Brit should know about jaywalking |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/6251431.stm |work=BBC News |date=12 January 2007 |access-date=2019-06-15}}</ref> [[Transport for London]] identified tourists visiting London as being particularly vulnerable due to the personal assessment of risk expected of all pedestrians who cross roads. Some tourists copy locals' most risky crossing stunts, falsely assuming there was no advanced risk assessment involved or a higher [[right-of-way (traffic)|right-of-way]] to vehicles, without understanding they have less right-of-way in all but a few places and times.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Confusion Area - Visitor Road Safety |url=http://content.tfl.gov.uk/visitor-pedestrian-safety-final-report.pdf |page=32 |work=Transport for London |date=July 2010 |access-date=2019-06-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Easton |first=Mark |title=Advice for foreigners on how Britons walk |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-28352045 |work=BBC News |date=18 July 2014 |access-date=2019-06-15}}</ref> A third reason is that many visitors are not used to all traffic driving on the left. Recent changes to the Highway Code have given priority to pedestrians waiting to cross a road.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/the-highway-code-8-changes-you-need-to-know-from-29-january-2022|title=The Highway Code: 8 changes you need to know from 29 January 2022|website=GOV.UK|date=January 29, 2022 }}</ref>

A 2014 [[Yougov]] poll found 77% of Britons believed walking on roads when it is safe to do so should remain legal; 14% favored making it illegal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Green Man gets the Red Light |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2013/09/06/green-man-gets-red-light |work=Yougov |date=6 September 2013 |access-date=2019-06-15}}</ref> A similar US Yougov poll found 30% believed "jaywalking" should be legal—in most settlements, there is next to no centuries-old societal norm of specific roads on which it may in daytime be safe to walk, such as horse-frequented, cobbled or hump-calmed rural village.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Almost everyone jaywalks, but many still want it to be illegal |url=https://today.yougov.com/topics/lifestyle/articles-reports/2014/09/25/almost-everyone-jaywalks |work=Yougov |date=25 September 2014 |access-date=2019-06-15}}</ref>

When crossing, pedestrians are expected to use their judgement and wait until it is safe to cross. Under Rule 170 of the Highway Code, if a pedestrian is waiting to cross or has already started crossing the road (from either side) across a side street into which a car is about to turn, vehicles should always give way and let them leave the road safely.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rule 170 |url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/using-the-road-159-to-203#rule170 |work=Highway Code |access-date=2023-12-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/TravelAndTransport/Highwaycode/DG_070332 |title=Road Junctions |publisher=Direct.gov.uk |access-date=2010-04-04}}</ref> (Prior to January 2022 this only applied for pedestrians who had already started to cross the road<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Highway Code rules - what you need to know |url=https://www.rac.co.uk/drive/advice/legal/new-highway-code-rules-what-you-need-to-know/#pedestrian-priority |website=www.rac.co.uk |access-date=2023-12-02}}</ref>). In UK schools children are taught to cross roads safely through the [[Green Cross Code]]. British children are taught to "Stop, Look and Listen" before crossing a road, as demonstrated in the ''Think!'' campaign.

Unlike the rest of the UK, in [[Northern Ireland]] jaywalking is an offence. This is through article 38 of the Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Order 1995, which states "If a pedestrian through his own negligence on a road endangers his own safety, or that of any other person, he is guilty of an offence."<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=12 January 2023 |title=FREEDOM OF INFORMATION REQUEST |url=https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/932011/response/2205814/attach/3/00008%20Jaywalking.pdf |access-date=20 January 2023 |website=What Do They Know |publisher=Police Service of Northern Ireland}}</ref> In both 2005 and 2006, hundreds of fines were issued for jaywalking,<ref>{{cite web |title=FREEDOM OF INFORMATION REQUEST: Questions About Pedestrians Issued With Fixed Penalty Tickets |url=https://www.psni.police.uk/globalassets/advice--information/our-publications/disclosure-logs/2010/road-policing/pedestrians_fixed_penalty_tickets.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701095401/https://www.psni.police.uk/globalassets/advice--information/our-publications/disclosure-logs/2010/road-policing/pedestrians_fixed_penalty_tickets.pdf |archive-date=1 July 2017 |access-date=17 January 2022 |website=Police Service of Northern Ireland |language=English}}</ref> however from 2018 onwards this had reduced to approximately 50 per year.<ref name=":1" />

===North America===
====Canada====
[[File:Dundas East.jpg|thumb|A pedestrian in Toronto walks across a street, several metres away from a pedestrian crosswalk.]]
Jaywalking is not in the Criminal Code and is not considered a criminal offence in Canada. No law on jaywalking exists at the federal level, although several provinces, territories, and municipalities have enacted regulations or by-laws that restrict when a pedestrian may cross a roadway.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ontario.ca/laws/view|title=Law Document English View|date=July 24, 2014|website=Ontario.ca}}</ref> Enforcement of these provincial regulations and municipal by-laws remains extremely rare.<ref name="globe" /><ref>{{cite web|date=30 November 2011|title=Jaywalking all too common in Prince Albert|url=https://saskatoon.ctvnews.ca/jaywalking-all-too-common-in-prince-albert-1.733485|access-date=24 June 2020|work=CTV News|publisher=BellMedia}}</ref>

Section 144 of [[Ontario]]'s ''[[Highway Traffic Act]]'' permits pedestrians to cross a roadway when they are not adjacent to a marked crosswalk and they yield to oncoming traffic, although the same section also requires them to use a marked crosswalk to cross the roadway when they are near one.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="star">{{Cite news |last=Ellison |first=Marc |date=5 September 2013 |title=Data Shows Torontonians Love to Jaywalk — And Sometimes Pay the Price |language=en |work=The Toronto Star |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2013/09/05/data_shows_torontonians_love_to_jaywalk_and_sometimes_pay_the_price.html |access-date=8 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.toronto.ca/311/knowledgebase/kb/docs/articles/transportation-services/district-transportation-services/traffic-operations/rules-for-crossing-the-street-jaywalking-pedestrian-traffic-signals.html|title=Rules for crossing the street - jaywalking - pedestrian traffic signals|publisher=City of Toronto|website=www.toronto.ca|year=2020|access-date=23 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/pedestrian-deaths-scarborough-mid-block-crossing-1.4316359|title=When is it legal to jaywalk? Toronto police weigh in after 2 pedestrian deaths|work=CBC News|last=Draaisma|first=Muriel|date=2 October 2017|access-date=23 June 2020|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> Similar traffic regulations also exist in [[Quebec]]'s highway safety code, and [[Saskatchewan]]'s ''Traffic Safety Act''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.discoverweyburn.com/local/is-jaywalking-considered-a-traffic-violation-in-weyburn|title=Is Jaywalking Considered a Traffic Violation in Weyburn|publisher=Golden West Broadcasting|website=www.discoverweyburn.com|last=McManus|first=Marna|date=25 November 2018|access-date=24 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://montrealgazette.com/opinion/columnists/josh-freed-what-happened-to-montreals-jaywalkers#:~:text=Quebec%27s%20traffic%20code%20only%20forbids,get%20ticketed%2C%E2%80%9D%20says%20Rivard.|title=What happened to Montreal's jaywalkers|last=Freed|first=Josh|date=13 January 2018|access-date=24 June 2020|work=The Globe and Mail|publisher=The Woodbridge Company}}</ref> Most of these provincial regulations, in addition to municipal by-laws, do not use the term jaywalking to describe when a pedestrian unlawfully crosses a roadway.<ref name="star" />

As a result of differing provincial/territorial regulations and/or municipal by-laws, the fine that is charged for crossing a motorway varies across the country, from [[Canadian dollar|C$]]30 in Quebec, to C$697.50 in [[Nova Scotia]].<ref name="globe">{{cite web|date=7 December 2015|title=Pedestrians seeing red after Nova Scotia boosts jaywalking fine to nearly $700|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/pedestrians-seeing-red-after-nova-scotia-boosts-jaywalking-fine-to-nearly-700/article27638527/|access-date=24 June 2020|work=The Globe and Mail|publisher=The Woodbridge Group}}</ref> In Ontario, motorway crossing related fines are typically charged under section 144 of the ''Highway Traffic Act'', or a municipal by-law, with an average fine of C$35;<ref name="star" /> although the maximum fine a pedestrian can be charged under the Ontario's ''Highway Traffic Act'' is C$50.<ref name="globe" />

====Mexico====
Jaywalking is not illegal in Mexico. However, on the Paseo de la Reforma, one of [[Mexico City]]'s longest and most important avenues, [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]], then the city's mayor, commissioned the installation of concrete prisms along the avenue's central curb, to discourage pedestrians from crossing the road.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}}

==== United States ====
State road rules in the [[United States]] usually require a driver to yield the right of way to a pedestrian crossing a road when the pedestrian crosses at a marked [[Pedestrian crossing|crosswalk]] or an unmarked crosswalk. Unmarked crosswalks generally exist as the logical extensions of sidewalks at intersections with approximately right angles. Following the [[Uniform Vehicle Code]], state codes often do not prohibit a pedestrian from crossing a roadway between intersections if at least one of the two adjacent intersections is not controlled by a signal, but they stipulate that a pedestrian not at a crosswalk must yield the right of way to approaching drivers. State codes often permit pedestrians to use roads that are not [[controlled access]] facilities and without sidewalks but such use is usually regulated. For example, in [[Florida]] they must keep to the shoulder of the leftmost side of the road and yield to any oncoming traffic.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://southfloridainjuryaccidentblog.com/2014/12/11/hit-by-a-car-pedestrian-accidents-in-florida/|title=Hit By a Car: Pedestrian Accidents in Florida {{!}} South Florida Personal Injury & Car Accident Blog|website=southfloridainjuryaccidentblog.com|date=11 December 2014|access-date=2018-02-10}}</ref>

State codes may include provisions that allow local authorities to prohibit pedestrian crossing at locations outside crosswalks, but since municipal pedestrian ordinances are often not well known to drivers or pedestrians and can vary from place to place in a metropolitan area that contains many municipalities, obtaining compliance with local prohibitions of pedestrian crossings much more restrictive than statewide pedestrian regulations can be difficult. Signs, fences, and barriers of various types (including planted hedges) have been used to prohibit and prevent pedestrian crossing at some locations. If the detour to a legal crossing would be highly inconvenient, even fences are sometimes not effective. Street design, traffic design, and locations of major building entrances that make crosswalks the most logical and practical locations to cross streets are usually more effective than police enforcement to reduce illegal or reckless pedestrian crossings.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}

At a signaled crossing, a pedestrian is subject to the applicable pedestrian [[traffic signal]] or, if no pedestrian signal is displayed, the signal indications for the parallel vehicular movement. A pedestrian signal permits a pedestrian to begin crossing a street during the "Walk" display; pedestrians are usually considered to be "jaywalking" only if they enter the crosswalk some other time. The meanings of pedestrian signal indications are summarised in Section 4E.02 of the national [[Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/pdfs/2003r1r2/ch4.pdf|title=Part 4, ''Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices'', Federal Highway Administration, 2003}}</ref>

Jaywalking is considered an [[infraction]], but in some jurisdictions, it is a [[misdemeanor]] or requires a court appearance.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}} The penalty is usually a fine. In some cities, such as [[Chicago]], [[Los Angeles]], and [[Boston]], although prohibited, "jaywalking" has been so common that police generally cite or detain jaywalkers only if their behavior is considered excessively dangerous or disruptive, such as running out in front of a moving vehicle or crossing after the light is about to change to allow cross traffic to proceed. Penalties for jaywalking vary by state, and, within a state, may vary by [[county (United States)|county]] or [[municipality]]. A sampling of US cities found fines ranging from $1 to $1,000.<ref>{{cite news|author=Peter DeMarco |url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/08/06/punishable_by_a_fine_of_1/ |title=Boston |newspaper=Boston.com |publisher=Boston |date=2006-08-06 |access-date=2010-04-04}}</ref>

In May 2017, a ''[[Boston Globe]]'' reporter spent the day attempting to get a $1 citation for jaywalking in downtown traffic. The reporter walked against lights, crossed in the middle of streets, and across the middle of blocks and did not receive a ticket, even when committing infractions in front of police officers.<ref>{{cite news |last=Arnett |first=Dugan |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/2017/05/24/what-does-guy-have-get-jaywalking-ticket-this-town/9BDQOg1luOChfuwZhhevSK/story.html |title=What does a guy have to do to get a jaywalking ticket in this town? |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=2017-05-25 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180716070540/https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/2017/05/24/what-does-guy-have-get-jaywalking-ticket-this-town/9BDQOg1luOChfuwZhhevSK/story.html |archive-date= 2018-07-16 |url-status= dead  }}</ref>

Jaywalking at a signalised intersection may carry higher fines in some jurisdictions for disobeying the signalised controls. Many jurisdictions have a separate law defining the difference between jaywalking, or "disobedience of traffic signal controls." Some jurisdictions may fine pedestrians up to the same amount as a vehicle running a red light, but no driving points are issued, as the pedestrian was not driving at the time.

In September 2024 [[New York City Council]] passed legislation allowing pedestrians to cross the street at any time without adhering to traffic signals.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bragg |first=Julianna |date=2024-11-01 |title=Jaywalking is now legal in New York City, but it’s not any less dangerous |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/jaywalking-legalized-new-york-city |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>

=====California=====
On 30 September 2022, California governor [[Gavin Newsom]] signed a bill decriminalizing jaywalking in the state of [[California]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-01 |title=Jaywalking is decriminalized in California under new law |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-10-01/jaywalking-decriminalized-in-california-under-new-law |access-date=2022-10-05 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> The bill, [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB2147 2022 AB-2147], known as The Freedom to Walk Act, was initially introduced by Assembly member [[Phil Ting]] (D-[[California's 19th State Assembly district|19]]). It bars law enforcement from stopping and citing a pedestrian for "safe mid-block crossings" except in the circumstances where "a reasonably careful person would realize there is an immediate danger of a collision".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Assembly Bill No. 2147 |url=https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB2147 |website=California Legislative Information}}</ref> This bill amended [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=21955.&lawCode=VEH Section 21955 of the California Vehicle Code] to include this provision. It also states that it does not relieve a pedestrian from the duty of using due care for his or her safety.<ref>{{Cite web |last=LLP |first=Rose, Klein & Marias |date=2023-06-19 |title=Jaywalking Legalized in California – What It Means for Pedestrians |url=https://www.rkmlaw.net/jaywalking-legalized-in-california/ |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Rose, Klein & Marias LLP. |language=en-US}}</ref>

=====Safety considerations=====
In the United States, jaywalking is linked to pedestrian injuries and fatalities,<ref name="Heinonen & Eck 2007">{{cite web |first1=Justin A. |last1=Heinonen |first2=John E. |last2=Eck |year=2007 |title=Pedestrian Injuries & Fatalities |url=http://www.popcenter.org/problems/pedestrian_injuries/ |website=ASU Center for Problem-Oriented Policing }}</ref>
but no available data provide an exact risk rate because of missing jaywalking frequency data.<ref name="Heinonen & Eck 2007"/>

In the United States, jaywalking is mainly an urban issue (71%), but it can also be a suburban or rural issue when no pavement is available.<ref name="Heinonen & Eck 2007"/>

In the United States, jaywalking might be understood as:
*    walking against a pedestrian walk signal,
*    crossing a street where there is no crosswalk (midblock crossing),
*    crossing a street outside of a marked crosswalk where one is present, and
*    walking on a street along with the traffic flow (ignoring designated pedestrian pathways).<ref name="Heinonen & Eck 2007"/>

However other pedestrian behavior might be considered as unsafe while not qualified of jaywalking, for instance, failure of drivers to yield for pedestrians, jogging/walking in the wrong direction, working on a parked car, leaning on a parked car, pushing a disabled car, standing between parked cars, and standing in a road.<ref name="Heinonen & Eck 2007"/>

Some pedestrian factors that lead to a jaywalking behavior were found to be pedestrian perceptions of risk, consumption of alcohol, perceptions of crossing devices, speed and pace of life, speed versus crossing-device speed, perceptions of enforcement risk, unawareness of pedestrian laws and safety, following the leader.

Some known environmental factors include absence of midblock crosswalks, width of roads, poor timing of crossing signals, poor conditions of sidewalks, absence of sidewalks in certain areas, capacity of sidewalks, weather, people with limited mobility, people with occupational risks, children and teens, parking areas near shopping centers, street repair and construction sites, major highways, one-way streets, location of attractions, and unlawful street-vending.<ref name="Heinonen & Eck 2007"/>

=====Racial bias=====

In [[California]], differences by [[Race (human categorization)|race]] in charging of pedestrians for jaywalking has led to assertions of [[Racism|racial bias]] and proposals to end considering jaywalking to be an offense.{{r|KTLA 2022-10-01}}

California Assembly member [[Phil Ting]] proposed decriminalizing jaywalking.<ref>{{cite news|author=Wayne Freedman |url=https://abc7news.com/ca-jaywalking-laws-repeal-assemblymember-phil-ting-citations/10448802/ |title=Bay Area lawmaker seeks to decriminalize jaywalking, cites racial bias in enforcement |date=26 March 2021 |work=ABC 7 News |access-date=2021-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Gutierrez|first=Melody|date=8 Oct 2021|title=Newsom vetoes jaywalking bill aimed at easing fines, targeted enforcement|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-10-08/new-california-law-will-limit-jaywalking-tickets|access-date=8 Feb 2022|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> The bill, AB 2147, The Freedom To Walk Act, passed by the legislature and signed by Governor [[Gavin Newsom]], took effect on January 1, 2023.<ref name="KTLA 2022-10-01">{{Cite news |last=Chow |first=Vivian |date=2022-10-01 |title=New law allows Californians to legally jaywalk |url=https://ktla.com/news/new-law-allows-californians-to-legally-jaywalk/ |access-date=2022-10-01 |work=KTLA |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Seattle]] City Council members [[Bruce Harrell]] and [[Lorena González (Seattle politician)|Lorena González]] raised issues of bias in jaywalking tickets in that city as well.<ref>{{cite web|author=Josh Cohen |url=https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/seattle-jaywalking-tickets-police-bias |title=Seattle Council Member Questions Jaywalking Law |publisher=Next City |date=2017-08-03 |access-date=2021-06-04}}</ref>

===Oceania===
==== Australia ====
In Australia, it is illegal to start crossing the road at an intersection if a pedestrian light is red or flashing red.<ref name="Aust Road Rules 231">Australian Road Rules Feb 2012, Part 14 Section 231(2)</ref> If no such pedestrian light exists, the traffic lights are used, making it illegal to proceed on red or orange. Furthermore, it is illegal to cross any road within 20&nbsp;m of an intersection with pedestrian lights or within 20&nbsp;m of any pedestrian crossing (including a zebra crossing, school crossing, or any other pedestrian crossing).<ref name="Aust Road Rules 234">Australian Road Rules Feb 2012, Part 14 Section 234(1)</ref>

However, laws against jaywalking are rarely enforced, with the exception of the occasional police "blitz" on jaywalking for a week or so at a time, when the laws are enforced more stringently. Some roads with a record of pedestrian accidents feature fences in the center to discourage pedestrians, but there is no law against crossing them.<ref name="Aust Road Rules, Part 14">Australian Road Rules Feb 2012, Part 14 Division 1</ref> States set their own fines for jaywalking. The fine in [[Victoria (state)|Victoria]] is 2 [[penalty unit]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.legislation.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-04/17-41sra020-authorised.pdf|title=Road Safety Road Rules 2017|website=content.legislation.vic.gov.au}}</ref> The fine is $50 in [[Western Australia]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.rsc.wa.gov.au/Road-Rules/Browse/Pedestrians |title = Pedestrians| date=May 17, 2023 }}</ref>

==== New Zealand ====
Pedestrians in New Zealand must, if possible, cross at right angles to the curb or side of the roadway unless they use pedestrian crossings or school crossing points.<ref name="Land Transport (Road User) Rule 2004, Section 11.4 Crossing roadway">{{cite web|title=Land Transport (Road User) Rule 2004 |url=https://www.nzta.govt.nz/assets/resources/rules/docs/road-user-2004.pdf|website=New Zealand Transport Agency|access-date=21 February 2016}}</ref> Pedestrians must use a pedestrian crossing, footbridge, underpass or traffic signal within 20&nbsp;m.<ref name="Pedestrian crossings">{{cite web|title=Information for pedestrians|url=http://www.nzta.govt.nz/resources/roadcode/about-other-road-users/information-for-pedestrians/ |website=The Official New Zealand Road Code|publisher=New Zealand Transport Agency|access-date=21 February 2016}}</ref> At intersections controlled by signals, pedestrians should wait for the green man to display and may not begin crossing when the static or the flashing red man is displayed.<ref name="Jaywalk and you could be in court">{{cite web|last1=Shadwell|first1=Talia|title=Jaywalk and you could be in court |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/news/9698716/Jaywalk-and-you-could-be-in-court|website=Stuff|date=10 February 2014|publisher=The Dominion Post|access-date=21 February 2016}}</ref> The fine for jaywalking is up to $35.<ref name="Land Transport (Offences and Penalties) Regulation 1999 (side heading 3.5(1))">{{cite web|title=Land Transport (Offences and Penalties) Regulation 1999 (side heading 3.5(1))|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/1999/0099/latest/DLM280158.html|website=New Zealand Legislation|access-date=29 March 2016}}</ref>

=== South America ===
==== Argentina ====
In [[Argentina]], jaywalking is legal.

==== Brazil ====
In [[Brazil]], it is illegal to cross the road if the nearest zebra crossing is within 50&nbsp;m. Pedestrians have priority over cars. According to CONTRAN resolution 706/17 from April 25, 2018, violators could pay a fine up to 44.19 [[Brazilian real]]s; however, the measure is rarely enforced.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/L9503Compilado.htm|title=Brazilian Transit Code}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Red flag traffic laws]]
* [[Automotive city]]
* [[Effects of the car on societies]]
* [[Green transport hierarchy]]
* [[Misdemeanor]]
* [[Pedestrian crossing]]
* [[Pedestrian village]]
* [[Reclaim the Streets]]
* [[Shared space]]
* [[Walkability]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book
 | last         = Norton
 | first        = Peter D.
 | author-link  = Peter Norton (historian)
 | year         = 2008
 | title        = Fighting Traffic: The Dawn of the Motor Age in the American City
 | url          = http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5hhckp
 | location     = 
 | publisher    = [[MIT Press]]
 | series       = Inside Technology
 | pages        = 408
 | jstor = j.ctt5hhckp
 | isbn         = 978-0-262-28075-4
}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite web |date=11 February 2014 |title=Jaywalking: How the Car Industry Outlawed Crossing the Road |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-26073797 |website=BBC News |language=en|last=Lewis|first=Aidan}}
* {{Cite web |date=4 November 2015 |title=The Forgotten History of How Automakers Invented the Crime of 'Jaywalking' |url=https://www.vox.com/2015/1/15/7551873/jaywalking-history |website=Vox |language=en|last=Stromberg|first=Joseph}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Jaywalking}}
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/6251431.stm What every Brit should know about jaywalking]; [[BBC News]]
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429002542/http://www.theatlanticcities.com/commute/2012/04/invention-jaywalking/1837/|date=April 29, 2012|title=The Invention of Jaywalking}}

[[Category:Road transport]]
[[Category:Pedestrian safety]]
[[Category:Walking]]
[[Category:Car crime]]