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{{short description|Imperial Japanese soldiers who kept fighting after the surrender of Japan in 1945}}
[[File:Japanese holdout soldiers occupying Bukittinggi.jpg|thumb|Japanese holdout soldiers still [[Japanese occupation of West Sumatra|occupying]] the city of [[Bukittinggi]], after the Surrender of Japan and the [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence]]]]

'''Japanese holdouts''' ({{langx|ja|残留日本兵|translit=zanryū nipponhei|lit=remaining Japanese soldiers}}) were soldiers of the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] (IJA) and [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] (IJN) in the [[Asiatic-Pacific Theater|Pacific Theatre]] of [[World War II]] who continued fighting after the [[surrender of Japan]] at the [[End of World War II in Asia|end of the war]]. Japanese holdouts either doubted the veracity of the formal surrender, were not aware that the war had ended because communications had been cut off by [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] advances, feared they would be killed if they surrendered to the Allies, or felt bound by honor and loyalty to never surrender.

After Japan officially surrendered on 2 September 1945, Japanese holdouts in [[Southeast Asia]] and the [[List of islands in the Pacific Ocean|Pacific islands]] that had been [[List of territories acquired by the Empire of Japan|part of the Japanese Empire]] continued to fight local police, government forces, and Allied troops stationed to assist the newly formed governments. For nearly 30 years after the end of the war, dozens of holdouts were discovered in the jungles of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with the last verified holdout, Private [[Teruo Nakamura]], surrendering on the island of [[Morotai]] in 1974.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Trefalt |first=Beatrice |title=Japanese Army Stragglers and Memories of the War in Japan, 1950-75 |publisher=Routledge Curzon |year=2003 |isbn=9780415406284}}</ref> Although newspapers throughout East Asia and the Pacific reported more holdouts and searches continued until 2005, no additional holdouts were found.

==History==
===Individuals===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Person
! Date found
! Duration since WWII end <!--official end was September 2, 1945-->
!Location
! class="unsortable" | Short summary
|-
| Yamakage Kufuku
| rowspan="2" | January 6, 1949
| rowspan=2| {{Ayd|1945|9|2|1949|1|10}}
| rowspan="2" |Iwo Jima
| rowspan="2" | Yamakage Kufuku and Matsudo Linsoki, two Imperial Japanese Navy machine gunners, surrendered on [[Iwo Jima]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Japanese Surrender After Four Year Hiding|date=Jan 10, 1949|work=Pacific Stars and Stripes|page=5|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/pacific-stars-and-stripes/1949-01-10/page-5?tag=kufuku&rtserp=tags/kufuku?ndt=by&py=1949&pey=1951|access-date=January 31, 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130717075553/http://newspaperarchive.com/pacific-stars-and-stripes/1949-01-10/page-5?tag=kufuku&rtserp=tags/kufuku%3Fndt=by&py=1949&pey=1951|archive-date=July 17, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title= Profiles of Known Japanese Holdouts {{!}} Yamakage Kufuku | url= http://www.wanpela.com/holdouts/profiles/kufuku.html | access-date= 2012-06-05 | publisher= Wanpela | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071009185024/http://www.wanpela.com/holdouts/profiles/kufuku.html | archive-date= 2007-10-09 | url-status= live }}</ref> While the original news article did not correctly report their names, their correct names became known when they co-wrote a book in 1968 of their experiences under the names {{nihongo|Rikio Matsudo|松戸利喜夫}} and {{nihongo|Kōfuku Yamakage|山蔭光福}}.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://iss.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000039-I000014551-00|title=Iōtō Saigo no Futari (硫黄島最後の二人)|year=1968 |publisher=読売新聞社 }}</ref>
|-
| Matsudo Linsoki
|-
| Yūichi Akatsu
| March 1950
| {{Ayd|1945|9|2|1950|3|31}}
|Lubang, Philippines
| Private 1<sup>st</sup> Class Yūichi Akatsu continued to fight on [[Lubang Island]] in the [[Philippines]] from 1944 until surrendering in the village of [[Looc, Occidental Mindoro|Looc]] in March 1950.<ref>{{Citation | title = Three Jap Stragglers Hold Out on Tiny Isle | newspaper = The Lima (O.) News | date = April 8, 1952 | page = 5}}</ref>
|-
| Murata Susumu
| 1953
| {{Ayd|1945|9|2|1953|12|31}}
|Tinian, Mariana Islands
| Murata Susumu, the last holdout on [[Tinian]], was captured in 1953.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.wanpela.com/holdouts/registry.html |work= No Surrender Japanese Holdouts |title= Registry |access-date= 2018-11-13 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120204162701/http://www.wanpela.com/holdouts/registry.html |archive-date= 2012-02-04 |url-status= live }}</ref>
|-
| {{nihongo|Shōichi Shimada|島田庄一}}
| May 1954
| {{Ayd|1945|9|2|1954|5|31}}
|Lubang, Philippines
| Corporal {{nihongo|Shōichi Shimada|島田庄一}}, who was holding out with Lt. Onoda, continued to fight on Lubang until he was killed in a clash with Filipino soldiers in May 1954.<ref name = "Onoda">{{Citation | title = Onoda Home; 'It Was 30 Years on Duty' | newspaper = Pacific Stars and Stripes | date = March 14, 1974 | page = 7}}</ref>
|-
| Noboru Kinoshita
| November 1955
| {{Ayd|1945|9|2|1955|11|30}}
|Luzon, Philippines
| In November 1955, Seaman Noboru Kinoshita was captured in the [[Luzon]] jungle, but shortly afterwards committed suicide by [[hanged|hanging]] himself rather than "return to Japan in defeat".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=u1EmAAAAIBAJ&dq=indian-trail-inn&pg=1826,3265324|title=Gettysburg Times |via= Google News Archive Search|website=news.google.com|access-date=2017-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429084628/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=u1EmAAAAIBAJ&sjid=L_8FAAAAIBAJ&dq=indian-trail-inn&pg=1826,3265324|archive-date=2016-04-29|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Bunzō Minagawa
| May 1960
| {{Ayd|1945|9|2|1960|5|20}}
| rowspan="3" |Guam
| Private Bunzō Minagawa held out from 1944 until around mid-May 1960 on [[Guam]].<ref>{{Citation | title = Japanese Soldier Finds War's Over | newspaper = Oakland Tribune | date = May 21, 1960 | page = 1}}</ref>
|-
| [[Masashi Itō]]
| May 23, 1960
| {{Ayd|1945|9|2|1960|5|23}}
| Sergeant Masashi Itō, Minagawa's superior, surrendered days later, May 23, 1960, on Guam.<ref>{{Citation | title = Straggler Reports to Emperor | newspaper = Pacific Stars and Stripes | date = June 8, 1960 | page = 1}}</ref>
|-
| [[Shoichi Yokoi]]
| January 1972
| {{Ayd|1945|9|2|1972|1|31}}
| [[File:Shouichi_yokoi.jpg|thumb|upright| Shoichi Yokoi during the war]] In January 1972, Sergeant [[Shoichi Yokoi]], who served under Masashi Itō, was captured on Guam.<ref name="A Blast from the Past"/><ref>{{Citation | last = Kristof | first = Nicholas D | url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE7D81F3BF935A1575AC0A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2 | title = Shoichi Yokoi, 82, Is Dead; Japan Soldier Hid 27 Years | newspaper = The New York Times | date = September 26, 1997 | access-date = February 9, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090201172619/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE7D81F3BF935A1575AC0A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2 | archive-date = February 1, 2009 | url-status = live }}</ref>
|-
| Kinshichi Kozuka
| October 1972
| {{Ayd|1945|9|2|1972|10|31}}
|Philippines
| In October 1972, Private 1<sup>st</sup> Class Kinshichi Kozuka, who had held out with Lt. Onoda for 28 years, was killed in a shootout with the [[Integrated National Police|Philippine police]].<ref>{{Citation | title = The Last PCS for Lieutenant Onoda | newspaper = Pacific Stars and Stripes | date = March 13, 1974 | page = 6}}</ref>
|-
| [[Hiroo Onoda]]
| March 1974
| {{Ayd|1945|9|2|1974|3|10}}
|Lubang, Philippines
| [[File:Onoda-young.jpg|thumb|upright| Hiroo Onoda in 1944 on Lubang]] In March 1974, Lieutenant Hiroo Onoda surrendered on Lubang after holding out on the island from December 1944 with Akatsu, Shimada and Kozuka. Onoda refused to surrender until he was relieved of duty by his former commanding officer, Major Yoshimi Taniguchi, who was flown to Lubang to formally relieve Onoda.<ref name = "Onoda" />
|-
| [[Teruo Nakamura]]
| December 18, 1974
| {{Ayd|1945|9|2|1974|12|18}}
|Morotai, Indonesia
| Private Teruo Nakamura ([[Amis language|Amis]]: Attun Palalin), an [[Amis people|Amis aborigine]] from [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Taiwan]] and member of the [[Takasago Volunteers]], was discovered by the [[Indonesian Air Force]] on Morotai, and surrendered to a search patrol on December 18, 1974.<ref name="A Blast from the Past"/><ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,917064,00.html?iid=chix-sphere | title = The Last Last Soldier? | newspaper = Time | date = January 13, 1975 | access-date = May 30, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130522035545/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,917064,00.html?iid=chix-sphere | archive-date = May 22, 2013 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Nakamura, who spoke neither [[Japanese language|Japanese]] nor [[Mandarin Chinese|Chinese]], was the last confirmed holdout.
|-style="background: #FFFFCC;"
| {{nihongo|[[Fumio Nakahara]]|中晴文夫}}
| January 1980
| align="center"| Not confirmed
|Mount Halcon, Philippines
| The ''[[Asahi Shimbun]]'' reported in January 1980 that Captain Fumio Nakahara (中晴文夫) was still holding out on [[Mount Halcon]] in the [[Philippines]]. A search team headed by his former comrade-in-arms Isao Miyazawa (宮沢功) believed they had found his hut.<ref>[[Asahi Shimbun]], January 18, 1980</ref><ref>{{Citation | publisher = Fulton History | url = http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2011/Geneva%20NY%20Finger%20Lake%20Times/Geneva%20NY%20Finger%20Lake%20Times%201980%20Apr%201980/Geneva%20NY%20Finger%20Lake%20Times%201980%20Apr%201980%20-%200296.pdf | title = Still fighting, 35 years after V-J day | newspaper = Finger Lakes Times | date = April 10, 1980 | page = 1 | access-date = November 6, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120513141753/http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2011/Geneva%20NY%20Finger%20Lake%20Times/Geneva%20NY%20Finger%20Lake%20Times%201980%20Apr%201980/Geneva%20NY%20Finger%20Lake%20Times%201980%20Apr%201980%20-%200296.pdf | archive-date = May 13, 2012 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1368&dat=19800405&id=J3pQAAAAIBAJ&pg=6758,842754 | title = Soldier's hut found in Philippines | newspaper = Milwaukee Sentinel | date = April 5, 1980 | page = 3 | access-date = November 22, 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151123065140/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1368&dat=19800405&id=J3pQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=AxIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6758,842754 | archive-date = November 23, 2015 | url-status = live }}</ref> Miyazawa kept looking for Nakahara for many years.<ref>{{cite journal|last=宮沢|first=功|title=連載 サラリーマン男のロマン ミンドロ島戦友捜索奮戦記|journal=実業之日本|year=1957|volume=83|issue=6|pages=102–105|publisher=[[Jitsugyo no Nihon Sha]]}}</ref> However, no evidence that Nakahara was still alive at the time was found.
|}

===Groups===
[[File:Oba Sakae portrait.JPG|thumb|upright|Second Lieutenant [[Sakae Ōba]], a Japanese holdout, photo from 1937.]]

* Captain [[Sakae Ōba]], who led his company of 46 men in [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla]] actions against United States troops following the [[Battle of Saipan]], surrendered on December 1, 1945, three months after the war ended.
* On January 1, 1946, 20 Japanese Army personnel who had been hiding in a tunnel at [[Corregidor]] Island surrendered to a U.S. serviceman after learning the war had ended from a newspaper found while collecting water.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/hidden-japanese-surrender-after-pacific-war-has-ended|title=Hidden Japanese surrender after Pacific War has ended, Jan 01, 1946 |website= history.com|access-date=December 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092626/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/hidden-japanese-surrender-after-pacific-war-has-ended|archive-date=March 4, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Lieutenant Ei Yamaguchi and his 33 soldiers emerged on [[Peleliu]] in late March 1947, attacking the [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine Corps]] detachment stationed on the island believing the war was still being fought. Reinforcements were sent in, along with a Japanese [[admiral]] who was able to convince them that the war was over. They finally surrendered in April 1947.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wanpela.com/holdouts/profiles/yamaguchi.html | title = Profiles of Known Japanese Holdouts {{!}} Lt Ei Yamaguchi, Surrendered – April 1947 | publisher = Wanpela | access-date = 2012-07-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120830213748/http://www.wanpela.com/holdouts/profiles/yamaguchi.html | archive-date = 2012-08-30 | url-status = live }}</ref>
* On May 12, 1948, the [[Associated Press]] reported that two unnamed Japanese soldiers had surrendered to civilian policemen in Guam the day before.<ref>{{cite news|work=Albuquerque Journal|date=May 12, 1948|title=Hirohito Photo with MP's Induces Japs to Give Up|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/albuquerque-journal/1948-05-12/page-6?tag=japanese+soldiers&rtserp=tags/?ndt=ex&pd=12&py=1948&pm=5&pep=japanese-soldiers|page=6}}</ref>
* On June 27, 1951, the Associated Press reported that a Japanese [[petty officer]] who surrendered on [[Anatahan]] Island in the [[Mariana Islands|Marianas]] two weeks before said that there were 18 other holdouts there. A [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] plane that flew over the island spotted 18 Japanese soldiers on a beach waving [[white flag]]s.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pacific War Finally Ends for 19 Die-Hard Japanese|work=Pacific Stars and Stripes|date=Jun 27, 1951|page=1|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/pacific-stars-and-stripes/1951-06-27?tag=japanese+soldiers&rtserp=tags/?ndt=ex&pd=27&py=1951&pm=6&pep=japanese-soldiers}}</ref> However, the Navy remained cautious, as the Japanese petty officer had warned that the soldiers were "well-armed and that some of them threatened to kill anyone who tried to give himself up. The leaders profess to believe that the war is still on." The Navy dispatched a seagoing [[Tugboat|tug]], the ''Cocopa'', to the island in hopes of picking up some or all of the soldiers without incident. After a formal surrender ceremony, all the men were retrieved.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.argunners.com/japanese-surrender-1951-island-anatahan/ |title=Japanese Surrender in 1951 at Island of Anatahan |date=7 July 2016 |access-date=2018-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020140615/https://www.argunners.com/japanese-surrender-1951-island-anatahan/ |archive-date=2018-10-20 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Japanese occupation of the island inspired the [[Anatahan (film)|1953 Japanese film ''Anatahan'']]<ref name="A Blast from the Past">{{cite web | title = Final Straggler: the Japanese soldier who outlasted Hiroo Onoda | publisher = A Blast from the Past | date = September 15, 2015  | url = https://allkindsofhistory.wordpress.com/2015/09/15/final-straggler-the-japanese-soldier-who-outlasted-hiroo-onoda/ | access-date = 2015-09-22}}</ref> and the [[Cage on the Sea|1998 novel ''Cage on the Sea'']].
* In 1955, four Japanese airmen surrendered at [[Jayapura|Hollandia]] in [[Dutch New Guinea]]: Shimada Kakuo, Shimokubo Kumao, Ojima Mamoru and Jaegashi Sanzo. They were the survivors of a bigger group.
* In 1956, nine soldiers were discovered and sent home from Indonesia's [[Morotai]] island.<ref name="A Blast from the Past"/>
* In November 1956, four men surrendered on the Philippines' island of [[Mindoro]]: Lieutenant Shigeichi Yamamoto and Corporals Unitaro Ishii, Masaji Izumida and Juhie Nakano.
* Several Japanese soldiers joined local Communist and insurgent groups to avoid surrender. For example in 1956 and 1958, two Japanese soldiers returned to Japan after serving in China's People's Liberation Army. In 1989, two Japanese soldiers (Shigeyuki Hashimoto and Kiyoaki Tanaka) who had defected with a larger group to the Malayan Communist Party around 1945 laid down their arms along with the party, and returned to Japan in 1990.<ref>{{cite news| title = The real Japanese surrender| url = http://staff.science.nus.edu.sg/~sivasothi/blog/pdf/jap_surrender-st04sep2005.pdf| archive-url = https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080119210334/http://staff.science.nus.edu.sg/~sivasothi/blog/pdf/jap_surrender-st04sep2005.pdf| url-status = dead| archive-date = 19 January 2008| publisher = The Sunday Times| date = 4 September 2005| access-date = 9 December 2009}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140104205245/http://dspace.wul.waseda.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2065/30089/1/AjiaTaiheiyoTokyu_14_Hara.pdf Japanese Communist Guerrillas in Malaya]</ref>

===Alleged sightings (1981–2005)===
In 1981, a [[National Diet|Diet of Japan]] committee mentioned newspaper reports that holdouts were still living in the forest on [[Vella Lavella]] in the [[Solomon Islands]]. However, it is believed that these were hoaxes made up to lure Japanese tourists to the islands.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Japanese Jungle Holdouts {{!}} Mark Felton |date=15 June 2015 |url=http://markfelton.co.uk/publishedbooks/japanese-jungle-holdouts/ |access-date=2023-04-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> Searches for holdouts were conducted by the Japanese government on many Pacific islands throughout the 1980s, but the information was too scant to take any further action, and the searches ended by 1989.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kokkai.ndl.go.jp/SENTAKU/sangiin/094/1200/09404141200007c.html |title=第０９４回国会 社会労働委員会 第７号 昭和五十六年四月十四日（火曜日） |language=ja |publisher=Kokkai.ndl.go.jp |access-date=2014-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104212646/http://kokkai.ndl.go.jp/SENTAKU/sangiin/094/1200/09404141200007c.html |archive-date=2014-01-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1992, it was reported that a few holdouts still lived on the island of [[Kolombangara]], though subsequent searches were unable to find any evidence. An investigation into similar reports of holdouts on [[Guadalcanal]] in 2001 failed to turn up evidence.<ref name=":0" />

The last report taken seriously by Japanese officials took place in May 2005, when two elderly men emerged from the jungle in the Philippines claiming to be ex-soldiers.<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112102833/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/may/28/secondworldwar.japan|archivedate=November 12, 2013|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/may/28/secondworldwar.japan|title=60 years after the war ends, two soldiers emerge from the jungle|author=Justin McCurry|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=May 27, 2005|accessdate=March 7, 2023}}</ref> It was initially assumed that the media attention scared the two men off as they disappeared and were not heard from again.<ref name="ST2005">{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107232548/https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/60-years-in-hiding-for-wwii-soldiers/|archivedate=November 7, 2020|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/60-years-in-hiding-for-wwii-soldiers/|title=60 years in hiding for WWII soldiers?|author=Oliver Teves|work=The Seattle Times|date=May 28, 2005|accessdate=March 7, 2023}}</ref> Suspicions of a hoax or a kidnapping attempt later mounted as the area where the alleged soldiers emerged from is "notorious" for ransom kidnappings and attacks by Islamist separatists.<ref name="ST2005"/><ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307142222/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna8005296|archivedate=March 7, 2023|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna8005296|title=Reports of Japanese WWII holdouts a hoax?|work=Reuters via NBC News|date=May 27, 2005|accessdate=March 7, 2023}}</ref> It was reported by [[Tokyo Shimbun]] on May 31, 2005 that unconfirmed information about remaining Japanese soldiers is said to be rampant in the Philippines. These reports are connected to scams tied to wealth, such as the alleged location of [[Yamashita's gold]] and {{ill|M資金|ja}} (The M Fund).<ref>Tokyo Shimbun, "Background to the proliferation of Philippine 'survival information'", May 31, 2005. (東京新聞『フィリピン『生存情報』氾らんの背景』2005年5月31日。)</ref> It is unknown how many or if any legitimate Japanese holdouts remain today, but after over three quarters of a century since the end of the war, harsh jungle terrain, and equatorial climates, it is highly unlikely that any are still alive. [[The National WWII Museum]] reported in 2022 that surviving veterans are "dying quickly", as those who served are now "in their 90s or older".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/wwii-veteran-statistics |title=WWII Veteran Statistics |publisher=[[The National WWII Museum]] |access-date=7 October 2022}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Volunteer Fighting Corps]], planned Japanese resistance post-occupation
* [[Shindo Renmei]], Brazilian Japanese emigres refusing to believe Japan's surrender
* [[Werwolf]], planned German resistance post-occupation
* [[Siege of Baler]], Spanish soldiers in the Philippines who refused to believe the end of the Philippine Revolution and Spanish{{ndash}}American war
* {{ill|Vladimir Šipčić|sr}}, a Serbian [[Chetnik]] who fought until 1957

===Post World War II resistance===
* [[Cursed soldiers]], Polish post-World War II resistance fighters
* [[Forest Brothers]], Baltic post-World War II resistance fighters

===Fiction===
* ''[[Block-Heads]]'', 1938 [[Laurel and Hardy]] film in which [[Stan Laurel]] is found holding out in a [[World War I]] trench 20 years after the [[Armistice of 11 November 1918|Armistice]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.wanpela.com/holdouts/ Holdouts]
* [http://faroutliers.wordpress.com/2005/05/27/two-more-japanese-holdouts-in-the-philippines/ Two more Japanese holdouts in the Philippines]
* [http://mikedashhistory.com/2015/09/15/final-straggler-the-japanese-soldier-who-outlasted-hiroo-onoda/ Final Straggler: the Japanese soldier who outlasted Hiroo Onoda]
* [https://eccentricparabola.blogspot.com/2013/06/mia-second-world-war-japanese-hold-outs.html M.I.A. - Second World War Japanese 'Hold Outs']

{{Japanese holdouts after World War 2}}
{{JapanEmpireNavbox}}
{{World War II}}

[[Category:Japanese holdouts| ]]
[[Category:Aftermath of World War II in Japan]]
[[Category:History of Guam]]
[[Category:Japan in World War II]]
[[Category:Pacific War]]
[[Category:Resistance against the Allied powers]]