View source for James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde

{{Short description|Irish politician and soldier (1665–1745)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix   = [[General (United Kingdom)|General]] [[His Grace]]
| name               = The Duke of Ormonde
| honorific-suffix   = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KG|PC}}
| image              = James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde by Michael Dahl.jpg
| caption = Portrait by [[Michael Dahl]]
| alt                = Painted portrait of a clean-shaven man with long hair or a wig in full armour with a red sleeveless cloak over it holding a staff 
| order              = [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]]
| term_start         = 19 February 1703
| term_end           = 30 April 1707
| monarch            = [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Anne]]
| predecessor        = [[Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester|The Earl of Rochester]]
| successor          = [[Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke|The Earl of Pembroke]]
| term_start1        = 26 October 1710
| term_end1          = 22 September 1713
| monarch1           = [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Anne]]
| predecessor1       = [[Thomas Wharton, 1st Marquess of Wharton|The Earl of Wharton]]
| successor1         = [[Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury|The Duke of Shrewsbury]]
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|1665|04|29|df=yes}}
| birth_place        = [[Dublin]], [[Leinster]]<br />[[Kingdom of Ireland|Ireland]]
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|1745|09|16|1665|04|29|df=yes}}
| death_place        = [[Avignon|Papal Enclave of Avignon]]
| spouse             = Lady Anne Hyde<br />[[Mary Butler, Duchess of Ormonde|Lady Mary Somerset]]
| children           = 4
| parents            = [[Thomas Butler, 6th Earl of Ossory]]<br />[[Emilia Butler, Countess of Ossory|Emilia van Nassau-Beverweerd]]
| allegiance         = {{flag|Kingdom of England}}<br />{{flag|Kingdom of Great Britain}}<br />{{flagicon|Spain|1701}} [[Kingdom of Spain|Spain]]
| branch             = [[English Army]]<br />[[British Army]]<br />[[Spanish Army]]
| rank               = [[General]]
| battles            = [[Monmouth Rebellion]]<br />[[Williamite War in Ireland]]<br />[[Nine Years' War]]<br />[[War of the Spanish Succession]]<br />[[Jacobite rising of 1715]] 
| awards             = [[Order of the Garter|Knight of the Garter]]
}}

'''James FitzJames Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde''', {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|KG|PC}} (29 April 1665 – 16 September 1745) was an Irish statesman and soldier. He was the third of the Kilcash branch of the family to inherit the [[Earl of Ormond (Ireland)|earldom of Ormond]]. Like his grandfather, the 1st Duke, he was raised as a [[Protestant]], unlike his extended [[Butler dynasty|family]] who held to Roman Catholicism. He served in the campaign to put down the [[Monmouth Rebellion]], in the [[Williamite War in Ireland]], in the [[Nine Years' War]] and in the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] but was accused of [[treason]] and went into exile after the [[Jacobite rising of 1715]].
{{TOC limit|3}}

== Birth and origins ==
James was born on 29 April 1665 at [[Dublin Castle]]. He was the second but eldest surviving son of [[Thomas Butler, 6th Earl of Ossory|Thomas Butler]] by his wife [[Emilia Butler, Countess of Ossory|Emilia van Nassau-Beverweerd]].{{Sfn|Ward|1886|p=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati08stepuoft/page/60/ 60]|ps=. "... was born in Dublin Castle, 29 April 1665, the second but eldest living son of Thomas, Earl of Ossory, and of his wife Emilia, daughter of de Beverweerd&nbsp;..."}} His father was known as Lord Ossory. He was heir apparent of [[James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond]] but predeceased him and so never became duke. His father's family, the [[Butler dynasty]], was [[Normans in Ireland|Old English]] and descended from [[Theobald Walter, 1st Chief Butler of Ireland|Theobald Walter]], who had been appointed Chief Butler of Ireland by [[Henry II of England|King Henry II]] in 1177.{{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n218/ 640]|ps=. "Theobald le Boteler on whom that office [Chief Butler of Ireland] was conferred by King Henry II., 1177&nbsp;..."}} James's mother was Dutch. She descended from a cadet branch of the [[House of Nassau]]. Both parents were Protestant. They married on 17 November 1659.{{Sfn|Lodge|1789|p=[https://archive.org/details/peerageofireland04lodg/page/59/ 59, line 27]|ps=. "He married 17 November 1659, N.S. the Lady Amelia Nassau, eldest daughter of Louis, Lord of Beverwaert&nbsp;..."}}

They had eleven children.{{Sfn|Davies|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/226/ 226, right column]|ps=. "The marriage produced eleven children&nbsp;..."}}

{|{{Table|hide}}
!align="left"|James listed among his siblings
|-
|He appears among some of his siblings as the fourth child:
#Elizabeth (died 1717), married [[William Stanley, 9th Earl of Derby]] in 1673{{Sfn|Debrett|1816|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage07debrgoog/page/n336/ 130, line 22]|ps=. "William-Richard-George, 9th earl, lord-lieutenant of Lancashire, May 11, 1676, m. Elizabeth Butler, daughter of Thomas, Earl of Ossory, and sister of James, duke of Ormond&nbsp;..."}}
#[[Henrietta d'Auverquerque, Countess of Grantham|Henrietta]] (died 1724), married [[Henry de Nassau d'Auverquerque, 1st Earl of Grantham]]{{Sfn|Burke|Burke|1915|p=[https://archive.org/details/b3136410x/page/1550/ 1550, right column, line 19]|ps=. "3. Henrietta, m. 12 Jan. 1697, D'Auverquerque, Earl of Grantham, and d. 11 Oct. 1724&nbsp;..."}}
#Amelia (died 1760), inherited from her brother Charles and never married{{Sfn|Dunboyne|1968|p=[https://archive.org/details/butlerfamilyhist00dunb/page/18 18]|ps=. "While the 2nd Duke was in exile, his estates were bought in 1721 by his brother, the Earl of Arran, and settled first on their sister, Lady Amelia Butler, who inherited them when, in the words of Walpole 'a young heiress of 99'— she died two months short of her centenary — and secondly on John Butler of Kilcash, the representative of Richard, younger brother of the 1st Duke."}}
#'''James''' (1665–1745)
#[[Charles Butler, 1st Earl of Arran|Charles]] (1671–1758), became the ''de jure'' 3rd Duke of Ormonde, following his elder brother's attainder in 1715
|}

== Early life ==
He was educated in France and afterwards at [[Christ Church, Oxford]].{{Sfn|Handley|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/164 164, left column]|ps=. "in 1680 he immatriculated at Christ Church, Oxford."}} On the death of his father on 30 July 1680 he became Baron Butler in the English peerage and the 7th Earl of Ossory in the Irish Peerage.{{Sfn|Cokayne|1895|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerage06cokahrish/page/n151/ 150, line 28]|ps=. "He [Ossory] d. v.p. of a violent fever, after four days illness, 30 July 1680&nbsp;..."}} On 9 February 1683 he was admitted to the [[Middle Temple]], alongside his grandfather, [[James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond]], and several other peers.<ref>Sturgess H.A.C. (1949). Register of Admissions of the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple. Vol. 1. London: Butterworth & Co. (Publishers) Ltd. p. 209.</ref>

== Early military career ==
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[[File: The Battle of the Boyne, 1 July 1690 (by Jan Wyck).jpg |thumb|left|The [[Battle of the Boyne]], at which Butler commanded the Queen's Troop.]]
[[File:Arms of James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde.svg|thumb|left|Arms of James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde]]
He obtained command of a cavalry regiment in [[Ireland]] in 1683,{{Sfn|Handley|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/164/ 164, right column, line 9]|ps=. "In autumn 1683 he was appointed colonel of an Irish regiment of horse."}} and having received an appointment at court on the accession of [[James II of England|James&nbsp;II]], he served against the [[James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth|Duke of Monmouth]] at the [[Battle of Sedgemoor]] in July 1685.{{Sfn|Handley|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/164/ 164 right column, line22]|ps=. "He was present at the battle of Sedgemoor on 6 July."}} Having succeeded his grandfather as '''2nd Duke of Ormonde''' on 21 July 1688, he was appointed a [[Order of the Garter|Knight of the Order of the Garter]] on 28&nbsp;September 1688.{{Sfn|London Gazette|1688|loc=[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/2386/page/2 Issue 2386, page 2]|ps=. "Whitehall, Sept 28. This day a Chapter being held of the most Noble Order of the Garter, his Grace the Duke of Berwick and his Grace the Duke of Ormond were Elected Knights Companions of that Order, and invested with the Garter&nbsp;..."}} In 1688 he also became [[Chancellor of the University of Dublin]]{{Sfn|Taylor|1845|p=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_RQ0HAAAAQAAJ/page/n239/ 218]|ps=. "1688. James, Duke of Ormond, grandson to the former (outlawed in 1715"}} and [[Chancellor of the University of Oxford]].{{Sfn|Wood|1790|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=X1dbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA152 152]|ps=. "James Duke of Ormonde was installed Chancellor of the University in his House in St. James Square, within the liberty of Westminster&nbsp;..."}}

In January and February 1689 he voted against the motion to put [[William III of England|William of Orange]] and [[Mary II of England|Mary]] on the throne and against the motion to declare that James&nbsp;II had abdicated it.{{Sfn|Handley|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/164 164, right column, line 53]|ps=. "Ormond voted on 31 January 1689 against the motion to declare William and Mary king and queen&nbsp;..."}} Nevertheless, he subsequently joined the forces of William of Orange, by whom he was made colonel of the [[2nd Troop of Horse Guards|Queen's Troop of Horse Guards]] on 20 April 1689. He accompanied William in his [[Williamite War in Ireland|Irish campaign]], debarking with him in [[Carrickfergus]] on 14 June 1690{{Sfn|Cane|Lenihan|1884|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyofwilliam00cane/page/197 197]|ps=. "William landed at Carrickfergus on the 14th of June 1690. He was accompanied to Ireland by Prince George, together with the Duke of Ormonde&nbsp;..."}} and commanded this troop at the [[Battle of the Boyne]] in July 1690.{{Sfn|Handley|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/165 165, left column, line 12]|ps=. "... was present at the battle of the Boyne on 12 July."}} In February 1691 he became [[Lord Lieutenant of Somerset]].{{Sfn|Handley|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/165 165, left column, line 16]|ps=. "... in February 1691 he was named lord lieutenant of Somerset."}}

He served on the continent under William of Orange during the [[Nine Years' War]] and, having been promoted to [[major-general]], he fought at the [[Battle of Steenkerque]] in August 1692 and the [[Battle of Landen]] in July 1693, where he was taken prisoner by the French and then exchanged for the [[James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick|Duke of Berwick]], James&nbsp;II's illegitimate son.{{Sfn|Handley|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/165 165, left column, line 34]|ps=. "... seeing action in July 1693 at Landen, where he was wounded and taken prisoner by the French, before being exchanged for James FitzJames, duke of Berwick&nbsp;..."}} He was promoted to [[lieutenant-general]] in 1694.{{Sfn|Handley|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/165 165, left column, line 38]|ps=. "He was raised to the rank of lieutenant-general in 1694."}}

After the accession of [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]] in March 1702, he became commander of the land forces co-operating with [[George Rooke|Sir George Rooke]] in Spain, where he fought in the [[Battle of Cádiz (1702)|Battle of Cádiz]] in August 1702{{Sfn|Handley|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/165 165, right column, line 16]|ps=. "Following the accession of Queen Ann, Ormond was employed in April 1702 to command the land forces for the attack of Cadiz."}} and the [[Battle of Vigo Bay]] in October 1702 during the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] (1701–1714).{{Sfn|Handley|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/165 165, right column, line 21]|ps=. "... the fortuitous sighting of the Spanish treasure fleet at Vigo enabled some military advantage to be gained&nbsp;..."}} Having been made a [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]]lor, Ormonde succeeded [[Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester|Lord Rochester]] as [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]] in 1703.{{Sfn|Smollett|1800|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyengland01smolgoog/page/n203 193]|ps=. "The Earl of Wharton surrendered his commission of Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, which the Queen conferred on the Duke of Ormond."}} In 1704 he leased and rebuilt a property that became known as [[Ormonde Lodge]] in [[Richmond, London|Richmond]] outside [[London]].{{Sfn|Desmond|2007|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyofroyalbo0000desm/page/4/ 4, line 5]|ps=. "The property was leased in 1702 to James Butler, Duke of Ormonde, who partially rebuilt the house&nbsp;... Ormonde Lodge."}}

Following the dismissal of the [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough|Duke of Marlborough]], Ormonde was appointed [[Commander-in-Chief of the Forces]] and colonel of the [[Grenadier Guards|1st Regiment of Foot Guards]] on 4 January 1712{{Sfn|London Gazette|1711a|loc=[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/4948/page/1 Issue 4948, page 1]|ps=. "Whitehall, January 4. Her Majesty hath been graciously pleas'd to Constitute his Grace the Duke of Ormonde Commander of all Her Majesty's Land Forces in that part of the Kingdom of Great Britain call'd England, and Colonel of Her Majesty's First Regiment of Foot Guards."}} and [[Captain general#Commander-in-Chief of the Forces|Captain-General]] on 26 February 1712.{{Sfn|London Gazette|1711b|loc=[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/4971/page/1 Issue 4971, page 1]|ps=. "Whitehall, Feb. 26. Her Majesty hath been graciously pleas'd to sign a Commission, appointing His Grace the Duke of Ormond Captain-General of all and singular Her Majesty's Forces, rais'd or to be rais'd and employed in Her Service, within the Kingdom of Great Britain, or which are or shall be employ'd Abroad, in Conjunction with the Troops of her Allies."}}{{Sfn|Stanhope|1870|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyenglandc01stangoog/page/n550/ 518]|ps=. "Already was the Duke of Ormond named General in Flanders in succession to the Duke of Marlborough; and in the course of April he joined his colleague Prince Eugene at Tournay."}} In the Irish Parliament Ormonde and the majority of peers supported the [[Tories (British political party)|Tory]] interest.{{Sfn|Smollett|1800|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyengland01smolgoog/page/n223 213]|ps=. "In the Irish Parliament held during the summer, the Duke of Ormond and the majority of the peers supported the Tory interest."}}

{{Chart top|width=auto|collapsed=no|align=right|clear=right|Family tree}}
{{Tree chart/start|style=clear: both; font-size: 90%; width: 40em;}}
{{Tree chart|Txt|Txt=James Butler with wife, parents, and other selected relatives.{{Efn|This family tree is partly derived from the condensed Butler family tree pictured in Dunboyne.{{Sfn|Dunboyne|1968|pp=[https://archive.org/details/butlerfamilyhist00dunb/page/16 16–17]|ps=. "Butler Family Tree condensed"}} Also see the lists of siblings and children in the text.}}|boxstyle_Txt=border: 0 solid white; text-align: left;}}
{{Tree chart/end}}
{{Tree chart/start}}
{{Tree chart| | | |WtO11|boxstyle=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;
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{{Tree chart| | | | |!}}
{{Tree chart| | | |Thrls|y|ElzbP|boxstyle=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;
 |Thrls=[[Thomas Butler, Viscount Thurles|Thomas<br />'''Viscount<br />Thurles''']]<br />d. 1619<br />d.v.p.*
 |ElzbP=[[Elizabeth, Lady Thurles|'''Elizabeth<br />Pointz''']]<br />1587–1673}}
{{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|.}}
{{Tree chart|JsDO1|y|ElzPr| |Rchrd|y|Frncs|boxstyle=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;
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 |ElzPr=[[Elizabeth Butler, Duchess of Ormond|'''Elizabeth<br />Preston''']]<br />1615–1684
 |Rchrd=[[Richard Butler of Kilcash|'''Richard B.''']]<br />of Kilcash<br />1615–1701
 |Frncs='''Frances<br />Tuchet'''}}
{{Tree chart| | | |!| | | | | | | |`|-|-|.}}
{{Tree chart| | |ThOs6|y|Emili| | | | |Waltr|boxstyle=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;
 |ThOs6=[[Thomas Butler, 6th Earl of Ossory|Thomas<br />'''6th Earl<br />Ossory''']]<br />1633–1680<br />d.v.p.*
 |Emili=[[Emilia Butler, Countess of Ossory|'''Emilia<br />von<br />Nassau''']]<br />1635–1688
 |Waltr='''Walter B.'''<br />of Garryricken<br />d. 1700<br />d.v.p.*}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.|`|-|-|.}}
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 |MaryS=[[Mary Butler, Duchess of Ormonde|'''Mary<br />Somerset''']]<br />1664–1733
 |JsDO3=[[Charles Butler, 1st Earl of Arran|Charles<br />1st Earl Arran<br />de jure<br />'''3rd Duke''']]<br />1671–1758|boxstyle_JsDO3=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; background: lavender;
 |ThmGr=[[Thomas Butler of Garryricken|'''Thomas B.''']]<br />of Garryricken<br />d. 1738}}
{{Tree chart| | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | | |,|'}}
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 |Thoms='''Thomas<br />Butler'''<br />1686–1689
 |JnO15=[[John Butler, 15th Earl of Ormonde|John<br />de jure<br />'''15th Earl''']]<br />d. 1766|boxstyle_JnO15=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; background: lavender;}}
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[[File:James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde, 1665-1745, when Lord Ossory RMG BHC2923.tiff|thumb|left|James when he was still Lord Ossory]]

=== The Guiscard affair ===
He played a dramatic role at the notorious meeting of the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]] on 8&nbsp;March 1711 when [[Antoine de Guiscard]], a French double agent who was being questioned about his treasonable activities, attempted to assassinate [[Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford]], against whom he had a personal grudge for drastically cutting his allowance, by stabbing him with a penknife (how he managed to get into the Council room with a weapon remains a mystery).{{Sfn|Gregg|1980|p=[https://archive.org/details/queenanne0000greg/page/337/ 337, line 14]|ps=. "... while being interrogated by the council, he attempted to assassinate Harvey by stabbing a penknife into his breast&nbsp;..."}} Harley was wounded, but not seriously, due largely to the fact that he was wearing a heavy gold brocade [[waistcoat]], in which the knife got stuck. Several Councillors, including Ormonde, stabbed Guiscard in return.{{Sfn|Gregg|1980|p=[https://archive.org/details/queenanne0000greg/page/337/ 337, line ]|ps=. "Guiscard was run through by the Duke of Ormond and St. John&nbsp;..."}} Guiscard implored Ormonde to finish the deed, but Ormonde replied that it was not for him to play the hangman.{{Sfn|Hamilton|1969|p=[https://archive.org/details/backstairsdragon0000hami/page/181/ 181]|ps=. "Guiscard implored Ormonde to finish him off, but the duke replied that it was no task for a honest man 't'is for the hangman.'"}} In any case, he had the sense to see that Guiscard must be kept alive at least long enough to be questioned, although as it turned out Guiscard's wounds were fatal and he died a week later.{{Sfn|Hamilton|1969|p=[https://archive.org/details/backstairsdragon0000hami/page/181/ 181, last line]|ps=. "Harley was well aware of this fact. 'Pray let nobody hurt him' he said."}}

=== The last campaign ===
On 23 April 1712 he left [[Harwich]] for [[Rotterdam]] to lead the British troops taking part in the war.{{Sfn|London Gazette|1712|loc=[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/4994/page/1 Issue 4994, page 1]|ps=. "Hague April 26 NS. His Grace the Duke of Ormond who set Sail from Harwich on the 23rd Instant, with a Convoy of Seven Men of War, two Yatchts, and about forty Transports, arriv'd at the Mouth of the Maes Yesterday Morning; where meeting a contrary Tide, His Grace took the Boat and went directly to Rotterdam&nbsp;..."}} Once there he allowed himself to be made the tool of the Tory ministry, whose policy was to carry on the [[War of the Spanish Succession|war]] in the [[Netherlands]] while giving secret orders to Ormonde to take no active part in supporting their allies under [[Prince Eugene of Savoy|Prince Eugene]].{{Sfn|Smollett|1800|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyengland01smolgoog/page/n248 238]|ps=. "In the mean time the Duke of Ormond, who was now invested with the supreme command of the British forces, received a particular order that he should not hasard an engagement."}} In July 1712 Ormonde advised Prince Eugene that he could no longer support the siege of [[Le Quesnoy|Quesnoy]] and that he was withdrawing the British troops from the action and instead intended to take possession of [[Dunkirk]].{{Sfn|Stanhope|1870|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyenglandc01stangoog/page/n562/ 530, line 3]|ps=. "Orders were sent accordingly to Ormond to separate his army from Eugene's and refraining from further warfare fall back and take quiet possession of Dunkirk."}} The Dutch were so exasperated at the withdrawal of the British troops that they closed the towns of [[Bouchain]] on [[Douai]] to British access, despite the fact that they had plenty of stores and medical facilities available. Ormonde took possession of [[Ghent]] and [[Bruges]] as well as Dunkirk, in order to ensure his troops were adequately provided for.{{Sfn|Stanhope|1870|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyenglandc01stangoog/page/n562/ 530, line 20]|ps=. "As he marched back the Dutch governors of Bouchain, Tournay and Douay closed their gates against him; and Ormond thereupon as if in reprisal took possession of Ghent and Bruges in the name of the Queen."}} On 15 April 1713 he became [[Lord Lieutenant of Norfolk]].{{Sfn|London Gazette|1713|loc=[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/5112/page/1 Issue 5112, page 1]|ps=. "At the Court at St. James's, April 15, 1713. ... THIS day His Grace, James Duke of Ormond, took the Oaths appointed to be taken instead of the oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy, his Grace being Lord lieutenant of the County of Norfolk, and of the City of Norwich and County of the same."}}

== Jacobite ==
Ormonde's position as Captain-General made him a personage of much importance in the crisis brought about by the death of Queen Anne and, during the last years of Queen Anne, Ormonde almost certainly had [[Jacobitism|Jacobite]] leanings and corresponded with the Jacobite Court including his cousin, [[Piers Butler, 3rd Viscount Galmoye]], who kept barrels of gunpowder at [[Kilkenny Castle]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kilkennycastle.ie/en/TouroftheCastle/TheBuildingoftheCastle/Treason/|title=Treason|publisher=Kilkenny Castle|access-date=11 May 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303044321/http://www.kilkennycastle.ie/en/TouroftheCastle/TheBuildingoftheCastle/Treason/|archive-date=3 March 2012}}</ref> [[George I of Great Britain|King George I]] on his accession to the throne in August 1714 instituted extensive changes and excluded the Tories from royal favour. Ormonde was stripped of his posts as Captain-General, as colonel of the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards and as Commander in Chief of the Forces with the first two posts going to the Duke of Marlborough{{Sfn|Smollett|1800|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyengland01smolgoog/page/n304 300]|ps=. "The Duke of Ormond was dismissed from his command, which the King restored to the Duke of Marlborough&nbsp;..."}} and the role of Commander-in-Chief going to the [[John Dalrymple, 2nd Earl of Stair|Earl of Stair]]. On 19 November 1714 Ormonde was instead made a member of the reconstituted [[Privy Council of Ireland]].{{Sfn|London Gazette|1714|loc=[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/5278/page/4 Issue 5278, page 4]|ps=. "St. James's, November 16.&nbsp;... His Majesty has been pleased to dissolve the Privy Council of Ireland, and to appoint a new one consisting of the Persons following, viz.&nbsp;... James Duke of Ormonde&nbsp;..."}}

[[File:James-Butler-Ormonde.JPG|thumb|left|James Butler c. 1725–1730]]

Accused of supporting the [[Jacobite rising of 1715]], during which the rebels had shouted "High church and Ormond",{{Sfn|Smollett|1800|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyengland01smolgoog/page/n316 312]|ps=. "The people even obliged the life-guards, who patroled through the streets, to join in the cry of 'High-church and Ormond!'."}} he was impeached for [[high treason]] by [[James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope|Lord Stanhope]] on 21 June 1715.{{Sfn|Smollett|1800|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyengland01smolgoog/page/n318 314]|ps=. "On the twenty-first day of June, Mr. Secretary Stanhope impeached James Duke of Ormond, of high-treason&nbsp;..."}} He might have avoided the impending storm of parliamentary prosecution, if he had remained in England and stood trial but instead he chose to flee to France in August 1715{{Sfn|HMC|1902|p=[https://archive.org/details/calendarofstuart01grea/page/n496 387]|ps=. "1715, Wednesday night [Aug. 7]. Your Majesty is already informed of the D. of O[rmonde's] arrival in this place&nbsp;..."}} and initially stayed in [[Paris]] with [[Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke|Lord Bolingbroke]].{{Sfn|London Gazette|1715a|loc=[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/5352/page/1 Issue 5352, page 1]|ps=. "Paris, August 9. The Duke of Ormond came to this Place on Wednesday last from Dieppe where he landed the Sunday before with one Renauld his Domestick Servant."}} On 20 August 1715 he was [[Attainder|attainted]] by the '''{{visible anchor|Attainder of Duke of Ormonde Act 1714}}''' ([[1 Geo. 1. St. 2]]. c. 17); his estate forfeited, and honours extinguished.{{Sfn|London Gazette|1715b|loc=[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/5357/page/1 Issue 5357, page 1]|ps=. "Westminster, August 20. ... An act for the Attainder of James Duke of Ormond of High Treason, unless he shall render himself to Justice by a day certain therin mentioned."}} The [[Earl Marshal]] was instructed to remove the names and armorial bearings of Ormonde and Bolingbroke from the list of peers{{Sfn|Smollett|1800|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyengland01smolgoog/page/n325 321, line 24]|ps=. "The Duke of Ormond and Lord Viscount Bolingbroke having omitted to surrender themselves within the limited time, the House of Lords ordered the Earl-Marshall to raze out of the list of Peers their names and armorial bearings."}} and Ormonde's banner as Knight of the Garter was taken down in [[St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle|St George's Chapel]].{{Sfn|Smollett|1800|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyengland01smolgoog/page/n325 321, line 29]|ps=. "... the Duke's achievements as a knight of the Garter were taken down from St. George's chapel at Windsor."}}

On 20 June 1716, the [[Parliament of Ireland]] passed the [[County Palatine of Tipperary Act 1715]] (2 Geo. 1. c. 8 (I)), extinguishing the regalities and liberties of the [[county palatine]] of Tipperary; for vesting his estate in the crown<ref name=CIH>{{Cite book|editor=Moody, T. W.|title=A New History of Ireland. '''8''': A Chronology of Irish History|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1989|isbn=978-0-19-821744-2|display-editors=etal}}</ref> and for giving a reward of £10,000 for his apprehension, should he attempt to land in Ireland.{{Sfn|London Gazette|1719a|loc=[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/5715/page/1 Issue 5715, page 1]|ps=. "By the Lords Justices and Council of Ireland a Proclamation.&nbsp;... An Act for Extinguishing the Regalities and Liberties of the County of Tipperary, and Cross Tipperary, commonly called, the County Palatine of Tipperary, and for Vesting in his Majesty, the Estate of James Butler commonly called James Duke of Ormond, and for giving a Reward of Ten Thousand Pounds to any Person who shall seize or secure him, in Case he shall attempt to Land in this Kingdom."}} But the Parliament of Great Britain passed the [[Crown Lands (Forfeited Estates) Act 1720]] ([[7 Geo. 1. St. 1]]. c. 22) on 24 June 1721 which enabled his brother, [[Charles Butler, 1st Earl of Arran]], to purchase his estate, which he accordingly did.{{Sfn|Handley|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/166 166, right column]|ps=. "His English and Irish estates were now administrated by the forfeited estates commissioners until a private act of 1721 allowed Ormond's brother Arran to buy them back."}}

Ormonde subsequently moved to [[Spain]]{{Sfn|London Gazette|1719b|loc=[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/5727/page/1 Issue 5727, page 1]|ps=. "Paris March 15. Our freshest Advices from Spain say, that the late Duke of Ormond took his Leave of that Court the 14th of the last Month, and set out from Madrid the next Day for Cadiz 5 that Eight Men of War, and about 50 Transport Ships, were fitted out in that Port, on board which 13 Battallions and a Regiment of Dragoons, all or most of them Irish, were to embark&nbsp;..."}} where he held discussions with [[Giulio Alberoni|Cardinal Alberoni]].{{Sfn|Stanhope|1836|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyenglandc00unkngoog/page/n514/ 496]|ps=. "... Alberoni resolved to assist the Pretender with an expedition of his own. Accordingly, he gave directions for equipping a formidable armament at Cadiz, and offered its command to the Duke of Ormond&nbsp;..."}} He later took part in a Spanish and Jacobite plan to invade England and put [[James Francis Edward Stuart]] on the British throne in 1719, but his fleet was disbanded by a storm in the [[Bay of Biscay]].{{Sfn|Stanhope|1836|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyenglandc00unkngoog/page/n519/ 501]|ps=. "Scarcely had the Spanish fleet lost sight of cape Finisterre before it was assailed by a tremendous tempest. The surges of the Bay of Biscay&nbsp;..."}}{{Sfn|London Gazette|1719c|loc=[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/5799/page/1 Issue 5799, page 1]|ps=. "Dublin Nov. 10. Upon Advice from England of the late Duke of Ormond's being at Sea, with some Spanish Ships and Land Forces, intending probably to make an Attempt on this Kingdom;"}} In 1732 he moved to [[Avignon]],{{Sfn|Handley|2004|p=[rchive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/167/ 167, left column, line 53]|ps=. "... until 1732, when he settled in Avignon."}} where he was seen in 1733 by the writer, [[Lady Mary Wortley Montagu]].{{Sfn|Handley|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/167/ 167, left column, line 58]|ps=. "Lady Mary Wortley Montagu described his existence there in 1743: 'he keeps an assembly where all the best company go twice a week, lives her in great magnificence, is quite inoffensive&nbsp;...'"}} Ormonde died at Avignon in exile on 16 November 1745, but his body was brought back to London  and buried in [[Westminster Abbey]] on 22 May 1746.{{Sfn|Handley|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/167 167, right column, line 10]|ps=. "His body was taken back to England for burial on 22 May 1746 in Westminster Abbey."}}{{Sfn|Chester|1876|p=[https://archive.org/details/marriagebaptism01chesgoog/page/n387/ 370]|ps=. "1746 May 22 The most noble and puissant Prince, James Duke of Ormond: in the Ormond vault."}}

[[File:Michael_Dahl_Mary_Somerset_(detail).png|thumb|right|Mary Somerset, his second wife, painted by [[Michael Dahl]]]]

== Marriage and children ==
On 20 July 1682 he, then called Lord Ossory, married Lady Anne Hyde, daughter of [[Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester|Laurence Hyde]], who was then Viscount Hyde of Kenilworth but became Earl of Rochester in November.{{Sfn|Handley|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/164/ 164, right column]|ps=. "On 20 July 1682 Ossory married Anne, daughter of Laurence Hyde, then Viscount Hyde of Kenilworth, and from November 1682 Earl of Rochester."}} The couple had a daughter, Mary, who died young in 1688.{{Sfn|Burke|Burke|1915|p=[https://archive.org/details/b3136410x/page/1550/ 1550, right column, line 76]|ps=. "... had a dau., Mary, d. 1688."}}

Following the death of his first wife (which is known to have caused him intense grief) in 1685, Ossory planned to marry again, in order to secure a male heir. He gained permission from the House of Lords for the arranging of a [[jointure]] for another marriage in May 1685,<ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords Journal Volume 14: 27 May 1685 Pages 19–20 Journal of the House of Lords: Volume 14, 1685–1691. Originally published by His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1767–1830. |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/lords-jrnl/vol14/pp19-20#h3-0003 |website=British History Online |access-date=19 July 2020}}</ref> and in August of that year, he married [[Mary Butler, Duchess of Ormonde|Lady Mary Somerset]],{{Sfn|Lodge|1789|p=[https://archive.org/details/peerageofireland04lodg/page/63/ 63, line 23]|ps=. "He married secondly, 3 August 1685, Mary, eldest surviving daughter of Henry, first Duke of Beaufort, and by her, who died 19 November 1733 ... he had one son Thomas, born 26 September 1686, who died 27 February 1689&nbsp;..."}} daughter of the [[Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of Beaufort|Duke of Beaufort]] and [[Mary Somerset, Duchess of Beaufort (1630–1715)|Mary Capel]]. {{Sfn|Cokayne|1895|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerage06cokahrish/page/n153/ 152]|ps=. "He m. secondly, 3 August 1685, Mary, 2nd but 1st surviving da. of Henry [SOMERSET], first DUKE OF BEAUFORT by Mary, da. of Arthur [CAPELL] 1st Arthur Capell, 1st BARON CAPELL of HADHAM."}} The couple had a son, Thomas (1686–1689), and two daughters, Elizabeth (1689–1750) and [[Lady Mary Butler|Mary]] (1690–1713).{{Sfn|Handley|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/164/ 164, right column, line 25]|ps=. "A son, Thomas, died in infancy, two daughters reached adulthood."}} Ormonde's second wife was a [[lady of the bedchamber]] to Queen Anne.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/56935/mary-n%C3%A9e-somerset-duchess-ormonde-1665-1733-lady-bedchamber-and-second-wife-2nd-duke-ormonde|title=Mary (née Somerset), Duchess of Ormonde, 1665–1733. Lady of the Bedchamber and second wife of 2nd Duke of Ormonde|publisher=National Galleries Scotland|access-date=10 February 2018}}</ref> Their younger daughter, Mary, married [[John Ashburnham, 1st Earl of Ashburnham]].{{Sfn|Burke|Burke|1915|p=[https://archive.org/details/b3136410x/page/1550/ 1550, right column, line 80]|ps=. "2. Mary m., 21 Oct. 1710, John, 1st Earl of Ashburnham, and d.s.p. 2 Jan. 1712."}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFLondon_Gazette1688|CITEREFLondon_Gazette1711a|CITEREFLondon_Gazette1711b|CITEREFLondon_Gazette1712|CITEREFLondon_Gazette1713|CITEREFLondon_Gazette1714|CITEREFLondon_Gazette1715a|CITEREFLondon_Gazette1715b|CITEREFLondon_Gazette1719a|CITEREFLondon_Gazette1719b|CITEREFLondon_Gazette1719c}}
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
=== Books ===
{{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
* [[Toby Barnard|Barnard, Toby]], and Jane Fenlon (eds.) (2000). ''The Dukes of Ormonde, 1610–1745''. Woodbridge: [[Boydell Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-85115-761-0}} {{OCLC|44956083}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Burke |first1=Bernard |author1-link=Bernard Burke |last2=Burke |first2=Ashworth Peter |date=1915 |title=A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage and Baronetage, the Privy Council, Knightage and Companionage |edition=77th |publisher=Harrison |location=London |oclc=1155471554 |url=https://archive.org/details/b3136410x/}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Cane |first1=Robert |author-link=Robert Cane |last2=Lenihan |first2=Maurice |date=1884 |title=The History of the Williamite and Jacobite Wars in Ireland from their Origin to the Capture of Athlone with Continuation to the Death of James II |publisher=[[James Duffy (Irish publisher)|James Duffy and sons]] |location=Dublin |oclc=1046587889 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofwilliam00cane/}}
* {{Cite book|last=Chester |first=Joseph Lemuel |date=1876 |title=Registers of Westminster Abbey |publisher=Private Edition |location=London |oclc=1140248 |url=https://archive.org/details/marriagebaptism01chesgoog/}} – Marriages, baptisms and burials from about 1660 to 1875
* {{Cite book|last=Cokayne |first=George Edward |author-link=George Edward Cokayne |date=1895 |title=Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant |edition=1st |volume=VI |publisher=[[George Bell and Sons]] |location=London |oclc=1180818801 |url=https://archive.org/details/completepeerage06cokahrish/}} – N to R (for Ormonde)
* {{Cite encyclopedia|last=Davies |first=J. D. |author-link=J. D. Davies |editor1-last=Matthew |editor-first=Henry Colin Gray. |editor1-link=Colin Matthew |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=Brian |editor2-link=Brian Harrison (historian) |date=2004 |title=Butler, Thomas, sixth earl of Ossory (1634–1680) |encyclopedia=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]] |volume=9 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=New York |pages=226–229 |isbn=0-19-861359-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/226/ |url-access=registration}} (for his father)
* {{Cite book|last=Debrett |first=John |author-link=John Debrett |date=1816 |title=Peerage of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |edition=10th |volume=I |publisher=F. C. and J. Rivington |location=London |oclc=23089464 |url=https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage07debrgoog/}} – England (for his sister Elizabeth, cited in this edition because the corresponding page is missing in the 1828 edition.)
* {{Cite book|last=Debrett |first=John |author-link=John Debrett |date=1828 |title=Peerage of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |edition=17th |volume=II |publisher=F. C. and J. Rivington |location=London |oclc=54499602 |url=https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/}} – Scotland and Ireland
* {{Cite book|last=Desmond |first=Ray |date=2007 |title=The History of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew |publisher=Kew Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-1-8424-6168-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofroyalbo0000desm/ |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book|last=Dunboyne |first=Patrick Theobald Tower Butler, Baron |date=1968 |title=Butler Family History |edition=2nd |publisher=Rothe House |location=Kilkenny |url=https://archive.org/details/butlerfamilyhist00dunb/}}
*{{Cite book|last=Gregg |first=Edward |date=1980 |title=Queen Anne |publisher=[[Routledge|Routledge & Kegan Paul]] |location=London |isbn=0-7100-0400-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/queenanne0000greg/}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia|last=Handley |first=Stuart |editor1-last=Matthew |editor-first=Henry Colin Gray. |editor1-link=Colin Matthew |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=Brian |editor2-link=Brian Harrison (historian) |date=2004 |title=Butler, James, second duke of Ormond (1665–1745) |encyclopedia=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]] |volume=9 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=New York |pages=163–168 |isbn=0-19-861359-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613598/page/163/ |url-access=registration}} (for him)
* {{Cite book|last=Hamilton |first=Elizabeth |date=1969 |title=The Backstairs Dragon – a life of Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford |publisher=[[Hamish Hamilton]] |location=London |isbn=0-241-01601-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/backstairsdragon0000hami/}}
* {{Cite book|last=Historical Manuscripts Commission (HMC) |date=1902 |title=Calendar of the Stuart Papers |volume=1 |publisher=HM Stationery Office |location=London |oclc=1041616450 |url=https://archive.org/details/calendarofstuart01grea |ref=CITEREFHMC1902}} <!-- The use of CITEREF allows abbreviating Historical Manuscripts Commission as HMC. -->
* {{Cite book|last=Lodge |first=John |author-link=John Lodge (archivist) |editor-last=Archdall |editor-first=Mervyn |editor-link=Mervyn Archdall (Irish antiquary) |date=1789 |title=The Peerage of Ireland or, A Genealogical History of the Present Nobility of that Kingdom |volume=IV |publisher=James Moore |location=Dublin |oclc=264906028 |url=https://archive.org/details/peerageofireland04lodg/}} – Viscounts (for Ormond under Butler, Viscount Mountgarrett)
* {{Cite book|last=Smollett |first=Tobias |author-link=Tobias Smollett |date=1800 |title=The History of England from the revolution to the death of George the Second (Designed as a continuation of Mr. Hume's History)|edition=A new |volume=II |publisher=T. Cadell |location=London |oclc=6017016 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyengland01smolgoog/}} – From the revolution to the death of George II
* {{Cite book|last=Stanhope |first=Philip Henry |author-link=Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl Stanhope |date=1836 |title=History of England From the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle |volume=I |publisher=[[John Murray (publishing house)|John Murray]] |location=London |oclc=5417396 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyenglandc00unkngoog/}} – 1713 to 1748
* {{Cite book|last=Stanhope |first=Philip Henry |author-link=Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl Stanhope |date=1870 |title=History of England Comprising the Reign of Queen Anne Until the Peace of Utrecht |publisher=[[John Murray (publishing house)|John Murray]] |location=London |oclc=896128 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyenglandc01stangoog/}} – 1700 to 1713
* {{Cite book|last=Taylor |first=William Benjamin Sarsfield |author-link=William Benjamin Sarsfield Taylor |date=1845 |title=History of the University of Dublin |publisher=T. Cadell |location=London |oclc=458216575 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_RQ0HAAAAQAAJ/}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia|last=Ward |first=Adolphus William |author-link=Adolphus Ward |editor-last=Lee |editor-first=Sidney |editor-link=Sidney Lee |date=1886 |title=Butler, James, second Duke of Ormonde (1665–1745) |encyclopedia=[[Dictionary of National Biography]] |volume=VIII |publisher=[[MacMillan and Co.]] |location=New York |pages=60–65 |oclc=8544105 |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati08stepuoft/page/60/}}
* {{Cite book|last=Wood |first=Anthony |date=1790 |title=Fasti Oxonienses |work=The History and Antiquities of the Colleges and Halls in the University of Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |oclc=982206292 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X1dbAAAAQAAJ}}
{{Refend}}

<!-- I separate the London Gazette sources mainly because they cannot be sorted by author-->

=== London Gazette ===
* {{London Gazette|issue=2386 |date=27 September – 1 October 1688 |ref={{Sfnref|London Gazette|1688}}}}
* {{London Gazette|issue=4948 |date=3–5 January 1711 |ref={{Sfnref|London Gazette|1711a}}}}
* {{London Gazette|issue=4971 |date=26–28 February 1711 |ref={{Sfnref|London Gazette|1711b}}}}
* {{London Gazette|issue=4994 |date=19–22 April 1712 |ref={{Sfnref|London Gazette|1712}}}}
* {{London Gazette|issue=5112 |date=14–18 April 1713 |ref={{Sfnref|London Gazette|1713}}}}
* {{London Gazette|issue=5278 |date=16–20 November 1714 |ref={{Sfnref|London Gazette|1714}}}}
* {{London Gazette|issue=5352 |date=2–6 August 1715 |ref={{Sfnref|London Gazette|1715a}}}}
* {{London Gazette|issue=5357 |date=20–23 August 1715 |ref={{Sfnref|London Gazette|1715b}}}}
* {{London Gazette|issue=5715 |date=24–27 January 1719 |ref={{Sfnref|London Gazette|1719a}}}}
* {{London Gazette|issue=5727 |date=7–10 March 1719 |ref={{Sfnref|London Gazette|1719b}}}}
* {{London Gazette|issue=5799 |date=14–17 November 1719 |ref={{Sfnref|London Gazette|1719c}}}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite book|last=Clarendon |first=Edward, Earl of|date=1736 |title=A vindication of the conduct of James, Duke of Ormonde during his long and faithful administration in Ireland |ref=none}}
* {{Cite book|author=Faculty of Advocates (Scotland). Library |date=1867 |title=Catalogue of the Printed Books in the Library of the Faculty of Advocates: A-Byzantium. 1867 |volume=1 |publisher=W. Blackwood and sons |page=[https://archive.org/details/catalogueofprint01facu/page/812 812] |url=https://archive.org/details/catalogueofprint01facu |ref=none}}
* Murdoch, Tessa (ed.) (2022). [[Great Irish Households|''Great Irish Households: Inventories from the Long Eighteenth Century'']]. Cambridge: [[John Adamson (publisher)|John Adamson]], pp.&nbsp;25–85 {{ISBN|978-1-898565-17-8}} {{OCLC|1233305993}}.
* {{Cite book|last=Wilson |first=Rachel |date=2015 |title=Elite Women in Ascendancy Ireland, 1690–1745: Imitation and Innovation |publisher=Boydell and Brewer, Woodbridge |isbn=978-1-7832-7039-2 |ref=none}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{UK National Archives ID}}

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{{S-aca}} 
{{S-bef|before=[[James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde|The Duke of Ormonde]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[List of Chancellors of the University of Oxford|Chancellor of the University of Oxford]] |years=1688–1715}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Charles Butler, 1st Earl of Arran|Earl of Arran]]}} 
{{S-bef|before=[[James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde|The 1st Duke of Ormonde]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Chancellor of the University of Dublin]] |years=1688–1715}}
{{S-aft|after=[[George II of Great Britain|The Prince of Wales]]}}
{{S-reg|en}}
{{S-bef|before=[[James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde|James Butler]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Duke of Ormonde]] | years=1688–1715}}
{{S-non|rows=2 | reason=Forfeit}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Thomas Butler, 6th Earl of Ossory|Thomas Butler]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Baron Butler]] | years=1680–1715}}
{{S-reg|sct}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Elizabeth Butler, Duchess of Ormond|Elizabeth Butler]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Lord Dingwall]] | years=1684–1715}}
{{S-non|reason=Forfeit}}
{{S-reg|ie}}
{{S-bef|before=[[James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde|James Butler]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Duke of Ormonde]] | years=1688–1745}}
{{S-aft|rows=2 | after=[[Charles Butler, 1st Earl of Arran|Charles Butler]]}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Thomas Butler, 6th Earl of Ossory|Thomas Butler]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Earl of Ossory]] | years=1680–1745}}
{{S-end}}

{{Chief of the General Staff}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ormonde, James Butler, 2nd Duke of}}
[[Category:1665 births]]
[[Category:1745 deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century Irish military personnel]]
[[Category:18th-century Irish people]]
[[Category:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford]]
[[Category:Butler dynasty|James]]
[[Category:British army commanders in the War of the Spanish Succession]]
[[Category:British Army generals]]
[[Category:Burials at Westminster Abbey]]
[[Category:Chancellors of the University of Dublin]]
[[Category:Dukes of Ormonde|2]]
[[Category:Grenadier Guards officers]]
[[Category:Irish Jacobites]]
[[Category:Irish soldiers in the British Army]]
[[Category:Garter Knights appointed by James II]]
[[Category:Lord high constables of England]]
[[Category:Lord-lieutenants of Norfolk]]
[[Category:Lord-lieutenants of Somerset]]
[[Category:Lords Lieutenant of Ireland]]
[[Category:Lords Warden of the Cinque Ports]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of Ireland]]
[[Category:People from County Dublin]]
[[Category:People expelled from the Privy Council of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Protestant Jacobites]]
[[Category:Williamite military personnel of the Williamite War in Ireland|Butler]]