View source for James Anderson Jr.

{{Short description|U.S. Marine; posthumous Medal of Honor recipient for service in Vietnam (1967)}}
{{other people||James Anderson (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox military person
| name          = James Anderson Jr.
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|1947|1|22}}
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|1967|2|28|1947|1|22}}{{KIA}}
| birth_place   = [[Los Angeles]], California, US
| death_place   = near [[Cam Lo Combat Base]], Quang Tri Province, Vietnam
| placeofburial = Lincoln Memorial Park in [[Carson, California]]
| placeofburial_label = Place of burial
| image         = James Anderson, Jr.jpg
| medal         = Moh right.gif
| medal_alt     = A light blue neck ribbon with a gold star shaped medallion hanging from it. The ribbon is similar in shape to a bowtie with 13 white stars in the center of the ribbon.
| caption       = James Anderson Jr., Medal of Honor recipient
| nickname      = 
| allegiance    = [[United States of America]]
| branch        = [[File:USMC logo.svg|25px]] [[United States Marine Corps]]
| serviceyears  = 1966–1967
| rank          = [[Image:USMC-E2.svg|20px]] [[Private First Class]]
| commands      = 
| unit          = Company F, [[2nd Battalion, 3rd Marines]], [[3rd Marine Division]]
| battles       = '''[[Vietnam War]]'''
*[[Operation Prairie III]] {{KIA}}
| awards        = [[File:Medal of Honor ribbon.svg|40px]] [[Medal of Honor]]<br/>[[File:Purple Heart ribbon.svg|40px]][[Purple Heart]]
| laterwork     = 
}}
Private First Class '''James Anderson Jr.''' (January 22, 1947 – February 28, 1967) was a [[United States Marine]] who [[posthumous recognition|posthumously]] received the [[Medal of Honor]] for heroism while serving in [[Vietnam]] in February 1967. When his Medal of Honor was awarded on August 21, 1968, he became the first African American U.S. Marine recipient of the Medal of Honor while serving in Vietnam .<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/This_Month_History/08_August.htm
 |title=Selected August Dates of Marine Corps Historical Significance
 |work=This Month in History
 |publisher=History Division, United States Marine Corps
 |access-date=2008-10-07
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128111549/http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/This_Month_History/08_August.htm
 |archive-date=2010-11-28
 |url-status=dead
 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.brainyhistory.com/events/1968/august_21_1968_135381.html Marine James Anderson Jr. is 1st Black Medal of Honor recipient], August 21 in History, Brainy History.</ref><ref name=hmdb />

Joining the U. S. Marine Corps in 1966, Anderson took part in [[Operation Prairie II]]. During this operation, his platoon was advancing through the jungle near [[Cam Lo Combat Base]] when they were ambushed by [[North Vietnamese]] forces. Anderson jumped on a grenade thrown by a Vietnamese soldier and was killed in action. This action saved other Marines' lives, and Anderson was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his deed.

==Biography==
Anderson was born on January 22, 1947, in [[Los Angeles, California]]. He was one of seven siblings. After graduating from senior high school, Anderson attended [[Los Angeles Harbor College|Los Angeles Harbor Junior College]] for a year and a half. He was preparing to realize his dream of becoming a preacher at Belmont Baptist Church, a local church.<ref name=hmdb>{{cite web|title=PFC James Anderson|url=http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=62660|website=Historical Marker Database|access-date=28 September 2015}}</ref>

Private Anderson left college to enlist in the [[United States Marine Corps]] on February 17, 1966,<ref name=hmdb /> and received [[recruit training]] with the 1st Recruit Training Battalion, [[Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego|Marine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego, California]]. He was promoted to private first class upon graduation from recruit training in August 1966. Private First Class Anderson was then transferred to [[Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton|Camp Pendleton]], California, where he received further training with the 2nd Battalion, 2nd Infantry Training Regiment.

In December 1966, Private First Class Anderson arrived in the Republic of Vietnam, where he served as a rifleman with Company F, [[2nd Battalion 3rd Marines|2nd Battalion]], [[3rd Marine Regiment (United States)|3rd Marines]], [[3rd Marine Division (United States)|3rd Marine Division]] in Quang Tri Province. On February 28, 1967, during [[Operation Prairie II]], Private First Class Anderson was killed when he [[falling on a grenade|covered a grenade with his body]] to save his platoon.<ref name=hmdb />

Private First Class Anderson was interred at Lincoln Memorial Park in [[Carson, California]] (Plot L-6).

==Decorations==
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2018}}
A complete list of Private First Class Anderson's medals and decorations includes: the Medal of Honor, the [[Purple Heart]], the [[National Defense Service Medal]], the Vietnam Service Medal with one bronze star, the Vietnamese Military Merit Medal, the Vietnamese Gallantry Cross with Palm, and the Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marine Corps University > Research > Marine Corps History Division > Information for Units > Medal of Honor Recipients By Unit > PFC James Anderson, Jr. |url=https://www.usmcu.edu/Research/Marine-Corps-History-Division/Information-for-Units/Medal-of-Honor-Recipients-By-Unit/PFC-James-Anderson-Jr/ |access-date=2023-03-04 |website=www.usmcu.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PFC James Anderson Jr. |url=https://marineparents.com/marinecorps/pfc-james-anderson-jr.asp |access-date=2023-03-04 |website=MarineParents.com® |language=en}}</ref>

{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|colspan="3"|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Medal of Honor ribbon.svg|width=106|alt=A light blue ribbon with five white five pointed stars}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Purple Heart ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=Vietnam Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Vietnam Military Merit Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Vietnamese Gallantry Cross, with palm.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Vietnam Campaign Medal ribbon with 60- clasp.svg|width=106}}
|-
|} 
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
|
|[[Medal of Honor]]
|
|-
|[[Purple Heart]]
|[[National Defense Service Medal]]
|[[Vietnam Service Medal]] with one bronze star
|-
|[[Vietnam Military Merit Medal]]
|[[Vietnam Gallantry Cross]] with palm
|[[Vietnam Campaign Medal]]
|-
|}

==Medal of Honor citation==
The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR posthumously to
{{center|'''PRIVATE FIRST CLASS JAMES ANDERSON JR.'''<br/>UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS}}
for service as set forth in the following CITATION:
<blockquote>
For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty as a rifleman, Second Platoon, Company F, Second Battalion, Third Marines, Third Marine Division, in Vietnam on 28 February 1967. Company F was advancing in dense [[jungle]] northwest of [[Cam Lộ Combat Base|Cam Lộ]] in an effort to extract a heavily besieged reconnaissance patrol. Private First Class Anderson's platoon was the lead element and had advanced only about 200 meters when they were brought under extremely intense enemy [[small arms]] and [[automatic weapon]]s fire. The platoon reacted swiftly, getting on line as best they could in the thick terrain, and began returning fire. Private First Class Anderson found himself tightly bunched together with the other members of the platoon only 20 meters from the enemy positions. As the fire fight continued several of the men were wounded by the deadly enemy assault. Suddenly, an enemy [[grenade]] landed in the midst of the Marines and rolled alongside Private First Class Anderson's head. Unhesitatingly and with complete disregard for his own personal safety, he reached out, grasped the grenade, pulled it to his chest and curled around it as it went off. Although several Marines received [[Shrapnel shell|shrapnel]] from the grenade, his body absorbed the major force of the explosion. In this singularly heroic act, Private First Class Anderson saved his comrades from serious injury and possible death. His personal heroism, extraordinary valor, and inspirational supreme self-sacrifice reflected great credit upon himself and the Marine Corps and upheld the highest traditions of the [[United States Department of the Navy|United States Naval Service]]. He gallantly gave his life for his country.
</blockquote>
/S/ [[Lyndon B. Johnson|LYNDON B. JOHNSON]]

==In memory==
The United States Navy [[Prepositioning Program|prepositioning ship]], [[MV PFC James Anderson Jr.|MV ''PFC James Anderson Jr.'' (AK-3002)]] is named in honor of Medal of Honor recipient James Anderson Jr.<ref name=NHC>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-p/ak3002.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000925224114/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-p/ak3002.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=September 25, 2000
|title=USNS ''PFC James Anderson Jr.'' (T-AK-3002)
|publisher= Navy Historical Center, Department of the Navy}}</ref>

The name James Anderson Jr. is inscribed on the [[Vietnam Veterans Memorial]] ("The Wall") on Panel 15E - Row 112.<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.mishalov.com/Anderson_J.html
 |title=James Anderson Jr.
 |publisher=mishalov.com
 |access-date=2006-07-17
 |archive-date=2006-06-14
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614080959/http://mishalov.com/Anderson_J.html
 |url-status=dead
 }}</ref>

''James Anderson Jr. Memorial Park'' in [[Carson, California]], at the corner of Wilmington and University was named after James Anderson Jr.<ref name=CarsonPark>{{cite web
|access-date=2008-10-07
|url=http://ci.carson.ca.us/content/department/parklibpo.asp
|title=Parks and Other Facilities in Carson
|publisher=City of Carson
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015161726/http://ci.carson.ca.us/content/department/parklibpo.asp
|archive-date=2008-10-15
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>

Anderson Hall on Marine Corps Base Hawaii, home to PFC Anderson's Marine unit, was dedicated in his honor in 1972.<ref>{{cite web
 |url=https://static.dvidshub.net/media/pubs/pdf_18364.pdf
 |title=Anderson Hall Dedication Today
 |publisher=Hawaii Marine
 |access-date=2022-05-25}}</ref>

Anderson Avenue in Compton, California, is named after him.

''The Downlow Saga'', a 2017 novel by author Sheldon McCormick, is dedicated in memory of Anderson.

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography}}
* [[List of Medal of Honor recipients]]
* [[List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Vietnam War]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
:{{Marine Corps}}

* [http://aavw.org/served/homepage_janderson.html "James Anderson, Jr."]. African-American involvement in the Vietnam War. Congressional Medal of Honour. Retrieved 2018-08-23.
* [https://www.usmcmuseum.com/uploads/6/0/3/6/60364049/africanamericanmarinesresources.pdf "African Americans in the United States Marine Corps Timeline"]. National Museum of the Marine Corps. Retrieved 2018-08-23.
* {{cite web
 |access-date=2007-10-07
 |url=http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Anderson_J.htm
 |title=Private First Class James Anderson Jr., USMC
 |work=Who's Who in Marine Corps History
 |publisher=History Division, United States Marine Corps
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516220655/http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Anderson_J.htm
 |archive-date=2011-05-16
 |url-status=dead
 }}
*{{cite web
 |access-date=2006-03-22
 |url=http://www.usmc.mil/moh.nsf/000003c919889c0385255f980058f5b6/000003c919889c0385255f98005c6382?OpenDocument
 |archive-date=2007-02-20
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070220212546/http://www.usmc.mil/moh.nsf/000003c919889c0385255f980058f5b6/000003c919889c0385255f98005c6382?OpenDocument
 |title= PFC James Anderson Jr., Medal of Honor, 1967, 2/3/3, Vietnam (Medal of Honor citation)
 |work=Marines Awarded the Medal of Honor
 |publisher= [[United States Marine Corps]]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anderson, James Jr.}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:1967 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century United States Marines]]
[[Category:20th-century African-American military personnel]]
[[Category:United States Marine Corps Medal of Honor recipients]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Los Angeles]]
[[Category:American recipients of the Gallantry Cross (Vietnam)]]
[[Category:United States Marine Corps personnel killed in the Vietnam War]]
[[Category:Vietnam War recipients of the Medal of Honor]]
[[Category:Deaths by hand grenade]]