View source for Jaguar Cars

{{short description|Car marque owned by Jaguar Land Rover and former British car company}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox brand
| name                   = Jaguar (marque)
| logo                   = [[File:Jaguar-Logo.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert]]
| logo_caption           =
| image                  =
| alt                    =
| caption                =
| producttype            = Cars
| currentowner           = {{nowrap|[[Jaguar Land Rover]] (since 2013)}}<ref name="tm_reg">{{cite web |url=https://trademarks.ipo.gov.uk/ipo-tmcase/page/Results/1/UK00000625805#|title=Trade mark number UK00000625805|website=[[Intellectual Property Office (United Kingdom)|Intellectual Property Office]]|publisher=Government of the United Kingdom|access-date=24 January 2018}}</ref>
| producedby             = Jaguar Land Rover
| origin                 = United Kingdom 
| introduced             = {{start date and age|1935|09}}
| discontinued           =
| related                = [[Land Rover]]
| markets                = Worldwide
| previousowners         = {{plainlist|
* SS Cars (1935–1945)
* Jaguar Cars Limited (1945–2012)
}}
| trademarkregistrations =
| ambassadors            =
| tagline                = "Copy Nothing"
| website                = {{URL|https://www.jaguar.com}}
}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Jaguar Cars Limited
| former_names = [[SS Cars]]<br>(1933–1945)
| logo = Jaguar logo 2021.svg
| image = 
| image_caption = 
| type = 
| industry = [[automotive industry|Automotive]]
| defunct = {{end date|df=y|2013|1|1}}
| fate = Merged with [[Land Rover]] in 2013
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=y|1933|10|26}}
| founder = [[William Lyons]]
| successor = [[Jaguar Land Rover]]
| predecessor = [[Swallow Sidecar Company]]
| hq_location_city = [[Coventry]]
| hq_location_country = England
| parent = {{plainlist|
* [[British Motor Holdings]] (1966–1968) 
* [[British Leyland]] (1968–1984)
* Jaguar plc (1984–1990) 
* [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] (1990–2008) 
* [[Tata Motors]] (2008–2012)
}}
}}

'''Jaguar''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|dʒ|æ|ɡ|j|u|ər}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|dʒ|æ|ɡ|w|ɑɹ}}) is the [[sports car]] and [[luxury vehicle]] brand of [[Jaguar Land Rover]],<ref name="tm_reg"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Jaguar Land Rover 2012 Overview|url=http://www.jaguarlandrover.com/pdf/Investor_Presentation_FY2012_Overview.pdf|publisher=Jaguar Land Rover|date=14 June 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202202350/http://www.jaguarlandrover.com/pdf/Investor_Presentation_FY2012_Overview.pdf|archive-date=2 February 2013}}</ref> a British <!-- Consensus has agreed to keep British in the introductory paragraph. Do not change the British spelling and usage in this paragraph without engaging in the discussion first; your changes will be reverted.  --> [[multinational corporation|multinational]] [[automaker|car manufacturer]] with its headquarters in [[Whitley, Coventry]], England. '''Jaguar Cars''' was the company that was responsible for the production of Jaguar cars until its operations were fully merged with those of [[Land Rover]] to form Jaguar Land Rover on 1 January 2013.

Jaguar's business was founded as the [[Swallow Sidecar Company]] in 1922, originally making motorcycle [[sidecar]]s before developing bodies for passenger cars. Under the ownership of [[SS Cars]], the business extended to complete cars made in association with [[Standard Motor Company]], many bearing ''Jaguar'' as a model name. The company's name was changed from SS Cars to Jaguar Cars in 1945. A merger with the [[British Motor Corporation]] followed in 1966,<ref>"Jaguar Group of companies is to merge with The British Motor Corporation Ltd., as the first step towards the setting up of a joint holding company to be called British Motor (Holdings) Limited." Official statement released at press conference at the Great Eastern Hotel, London, 1966.</ref> the resulting enlarged company now being renamed as [[British Motor Holdings]] (BMH), which in 1968 merged with Leyland Motor Corporation and became [[British Leyland]], itself to be [[nationalised]] in 1975.

Jaguar was [[Corporate spin-off|spun off]] from British Leyland and was listed on the [[London Stock Exchange]] in 1984 until it was acquired by [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] in 1990.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jaguar.com/int/en/jaguar_ownership/company/heritage/1989_1996.htm |title=The Years 1989 to 1996 |publisher=Jaguar Cars Ltd. |access-date=19 June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624005733/http://www.jaguar.com/int/en/jaguar_ownership/company/heritage/1989_1996.htm |archive-date=24 June 2009 }}</ref> Since the late 1970s, Jaguar manufactured cars for the [[prime minister of the United Kingdom]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.selectcarleasing.co.uk/news/worlds-prime-minister-official-state-cars.html|title=World's Prime Minister & President Cars – Official State Cars|date=7 February 2017|work=Select Car Leasing|access-date=31 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.motoringresearch.com/car-news/features/order-order-cars-british-politicians/|title=The many cars of Boris Johnson – and other British MPs|date=23 July 2019|website=Motoring Research|access-date=31 August 2019}}</ref> the most recent [[prime ministerial car]] delivery being an [[XJ (X351)]] in May 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uk.autoblog.com/2010/05/13/cameron-gets-a-new-jag-to-go-with-the-new-job/ |title=Cameron gets a new Jag to go with the new job – Autoblog UK |publisher=Uk.autoblog.com |date=13 May 2010 |access-date=30 November 2010 |archive-date=23 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423040218/http://uk.autoblog.com/2010/05/13/cameron-gets-a-new-jag-to-go-with-the-new-job |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.automobilesdeluxe.tv/rule-britannia-pms-new-jaguar |title=Rule Britannia! PM's New Jaguar : Automobiles De Luxe &#124; The Great Marques |publisher=Automobilesdeluxe.tv |date=19 May 2010 |access-date=24 January 2011 |archive-date=22 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522111930/http://www.automobilesdeluxe.tv/rule-britannia-pms-new-jaguar |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.expressandstar.com/lifestyle/motors/2011/02/16/bomb-proof-luxury-jaguar-for-david-cameron/ |title=Bomb-proof luxury Jaguar for David Cameron |publisher=Expressandstar.com |date=16 February 2011 |access-date=28 June 2015 |archive-date=21 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221191521/https://www.expressandstar.com/lifestyle/motors/2011/02/16/bomb-proof-luxury-jaguar-for-david-cameron/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The company also held [[Royal warrant of appointment (United Kingdom)|royal warrants]] from [[Queen Elizabeth II]] and [[King Charles III]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalwarrant.org/DirectorySQL.asp |title=The Royal Warrant Holders' Association – Directory of Royal Warrant Holders |access-date=24 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212175255/http://www.royalwarrant.org/DirectorySQL.asp |archive-date=12 December 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Ford owned Jaguar Cars, also buying [[Land Rover]] in 2000, until 2008 when it sold both to [[Tata Motors]]. Tata created [[Jaguar Land Rover]] as a subsidiary holding company. At operating company level, Jaguar Cars was merged in 2013 with Land Rover to form Jaguar Land Rover as the single design, manufacture, sales company, and brand owner for both Jaguar and Land Rover vehicles.

Since the Ford ownership era, Jaguar and Land Rover have used joint design facilities in engineering centres at [[Whitley plant|Whitley]] in [[Coventry]] and [[Jaguar Land Rover Gaydon Centre|Gaydon]] in [[Warwickshire]] and Jaguar cars have been assembled in plants at [[Castle Bromwich Assembly|Castle Bromwich]] and [[Solihull plant|Solihull]]. On 15 February 2021, Jaguar Land Rover announced that all cars made under the Jaguar brand will be fully electric by 2025.
[[File:CHROMEJAGwebb.jpg|thumb|Jaguar cars bonnet mascot]]

==History==
===Founding===
The [[Swallow Sidecar Company]] was founded in 1922 by two motorcycle enthusiasts, [[William Lyons]] and [[William Walmsley]]. In 1934, Walmsley elected to sell-out and in order to buy the Swallow business (but not the company which was liquidated) Lyons formed [[SS Cars]], finding new capital by issuing shares to the public.

Jaguar first appeared in September 1935 as a model name on an SS 2½-litre [[saloon (car)|sports saloon]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Design Evolution: 80 Years of Jaguar – Part 1 |url=https://www.jaguar.com/about-jaguar/80-years-of-jaguar/80-years-of-jaguar-part-1.html |website=Jaguar |publisher=Jaguar Land Rover |access-date=7 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jaguar.com/uk/en/company/overview/heritage/1932_1935.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601055210/http://www.jaguar.com/uk/en/company/overview/heritage/1932_1935.htm|archive-date=1 June 2009|title=The Years 1932 to 1935 |publisher=Jaguar Cars Ltd. |access-date=26 December 2008 }}</ref> A matching open two seater sports model with a 3½-litre engine was named [[SS Jaguar 100]].

On 23 March 1945, the S. S. Cars shareholders in general meeting agreed to change the company's name to Jaguar Cars Limited. Said chairman William Lyons "Unlike S. S. the name Jaguar is distinctive and cannot be connected or confused with any similar foreign name."<ref>S.S. Cars Limited ''[[The Times]]'' 4 April 1945 page 10</ref>

Though five years of pent-up demand ensured plenty of buyers production was hampered by shortage of materials, particularly steel, issued to manufacturers until the 1950s by a central planning authority under strict government control.  Jaguar sold [[Motor Panels]], a pressed steel body manufacturing company bought in the late 1930s, to steel and components manufacturer [[Rubery Owen]],<ref name=Motor197202>{{cite journal| title =The Lyons share – interview with WL| journal = Motor| pages = 18–21|date = 19 February 1972}}</ref> and Jaguar bought from [[John Black (businessman)|John Black]]'s [[Standard Motor Company]] the plant where Standard built Jaguar's six-cylinder engines.<ref name=Motor197202/> From this time Jaguar was entirely dependent for their bodies on external suppliers, in particular then independent [[Pressed Steel Company|Pressed Steel]] and in 1966 that carried them into BMC, BMH and British Leyland.

[[File:1953 Jaguar C-Type - fvr.jpg|left|thumb|1953 [[Jaguar C-Type]]]]
[[File:1956JaguarD-TypeLongNose.jpg|left|thumb|1956 [[Jaguar D-Type]]]]

Jaguar made its name by producing a series of successful eye-catching sports cars, the [[Jaguar XK120]] (1948–54), [[Jaguar XK140]] (1954–57), [[Jaguar XK150]] (1957–61), and [[Jaguar E-Type]] (1961–75), all embodying Lyons' mantra of "value for money".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://silkcat.ca/articles/jaguar/ |title=Jaguar |access-date=22 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109021252/http://silkcat.ca/articles/jaguar/ |archive-date=9 January 2014 }}</ref> The sports cars were successful in international motorsport, a path followed in the 1950s to prove the engineering integrity of the company's products.

Jaguar's sales slogan for years was "Grace, Space, Pace",<ref name="Grace, Space, Pace">"The classic has to be "Grace... Space... Pace," which was used throughout the 1950s and 1960s". {{cite web |url=http://editorial.autos.msn.com/article.aspx?cp-documentid=1156667&page=0 |publisher=MSN |year=2010 |title=Jaguar: A History of Grace and Pace |last=Clausager |first=Anders Ditlev |access-date=2 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327205555/http://editorial.autos.msn.com/article.aspx?cp-documentid=1156667&page=0 |archive-date=27 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> a mantra epitomised by the record sales achieved by the MK VII, IX, Mks I and II saloons and later the XJ6.{{citation needed|date=March 2014}} During the time this slogan was used, but the exact text varied.<ref name="C4Wauto-3368553">{{cite web |url=http://www.jaguar-world.com/blogs/editors-blog/773-january-issue-of-jaguar-world-editors-welcome |title=Grace… Space… Pace |work=jaguar-world.com |date=13 December 2012 |access-date=27 March 2014 |first=Paul |last=Walton |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327205958/http://www.jaguar-world.com/blogs/editors-blog/773-january-issue-of-jaguar-world-editors-welcome |archive-date=27 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="C4Wauto-9442418">{{cite web |url=http://www.themomentmagazine.com/motoring/jaguar-75-years-of-grace-space-and-pace/ |title=Jaguar: 75 Years of Grace, Space and Pace |work=themomentmagazine.com |date=19 November 2010 |access-date=27 March 2014 |first=Brave Creative |last=Peterborough}}</ref><ref name="C4Wauto-4937047">{{cite web |url=http://typophile.com/files/1306381302_a13c957db6_4840.jpg |title=1306381302_a13c957db6_4840.jpg (JPEG Image, 374 × 500 pixels) |work=typophile.com |date=28 August 2011 |access-date=27 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327210823/http://typophile.com/files/1306381302_a13c957db6_4840.jpg |archive-date=27 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="C4Wauto-4268228">{{cite web |url=http://31.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lwqh6th15q1qchs1zo1_1280.jpg |title=tumblr_lwqh6th15q1qchs1zo1_1280.jpg (JPEG Image, 1280 × 1256 pixels) |work=31.media.tumblr.com |date=24 December 2011 |access-date=27 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327210910/http://31.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lwqh6th15q1qchs1zo1_1280.jpg |archive-date=27 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The core of Bill Lyons' success following the [[Second World War]] was the [[Jaguar XK6 engine|twin-cam straight six]] engine, conceived pre-war and realised while engineers at the Coventry plant were dividing their time between fire-watching and designing the new power plant.  It had a hemispherical cross-flow cylinder head with valves inclined from the vertical; originally at 30&nbsp;degrees (inlet) and 45&nbsp;degrees (exhaust) and later standardised to 45 degrees for both inlet and exhaust.

As fuel [[octane]] ratings were relatively low from 1948 onwards, three piston configuration were offered: domed (high octane), flat (medium octane), and dished (low octane).

The main designer, [[William Heynes]], assisted by [[Walter Hassan]], was determined to develop the Twin [[Overhead camshaft|OHC]] unit. Bill Lyons agreed over misgivings from Hassan. It was risky to take what had previously been considered a racing or low-volume and cantankerous engine needing constant fettling and apply it to reasonable volume production saloon cars.

The subsequent engine (in various versions) was the mainstay powerplant of Jaguar, used in the XK 120, Mk VII Saloon, Mk I and II Saloons and XK 140 and 150. It was also employed in the E Type, itself a development from the race winning and Le Mans conquering C and D Type Sports Racing cars refined as the short-lived XKSS, a road-legal D-Type.

[[File:Jaguar e-type.jpg|thumb|[[Jaguar E-Type]] Convertible]]
[[File:Jaguar XK6 engine 1.jpg|right|thumb|[[Jaguar XK6 engine|XK engine]] in a [[Jaguar E-Type]]]]
[[File:Daimler Super V8 (3).png|thumb|[[Daimler Company|Daimler]] Super V8 (1998)]]
Few engine types have demonstrated such ubiquity and longevity: Jaguar used the Twin OHC ''XK Engine'', as it came to be known, in the Jaguar XJ6 saloon from 1969 through 1992, and employed in a J60 variant as the power plant in such diverse vehicles as the British Army's [[Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked)]] family of vehicles, as well as the [[Fox armoured reconnaissance vehicle]], the [[Ferret armoured car|Ferret Scout Car]], and the Stonefield four-wheel-drive all-terrain lorry. Properly maintained, the standard production XK Engine would achieve 200,000 miles of useful life.

Two of the proudest moments in Jaguar's long history in motor sport involved winning the [[24 Hours of Le Mans|Le Mans 24 hours race]], firstly in 1951 and again in 1953. Victory at the 1955 Le Mans was overshadowed by it being the occasion of [[1955 Le Mans disaster|the worst motorsport accident in history]]. Later in the hands of the Scottish racing team Ecurie Ecosse two more wins were added in 1956 and 1957.

In spite of such a performance orientation, it was always Lyons' intention to build the business by producing world-class sporting saloons in larger numbers than the sports car market could support. Jaguar secured financial stability and a reputation for excellence with a series of elegantly styled luxury saloons that included the 3-litre and 3½ litre cars, the Mark VII, VIII, and IX, the compact Mark I and 2, and the XJ6 and XJ12. All were deemed very good values, with comfortable rides, good handling, high performance, and great style.

Combined with the trend-setting XK 120, XK 140, and XK 150 series of sports car, and nonpareil E-Type,{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} Jaguar's elan as a prestige motorcar manufacturer had few rivals. The company's post-War achievements are remarkable, considering both the shortages that drove Britain (the [[Ministry of Supply]] still allocated raw materials) and the state of metallurgical development of the era.

===Daimler===
In 1950, Jaguar agreed to lease from the Ministry of Supply the Daimler Shadow 2 factory in [[Browns Lane plant|Browns Lane]], Allesley, Coventry, which at the time was being used by [[Daimler Company|Daimler]] and moved to the new site from Foleshill over the next 12 months.<ref name=LyonsBio>'Sir William Lyons – The Official Biography', Philip Porter & Paul Skilleter, page 120 onwards</ref> Jaguar purchased Daimler, not to be confused with [[Daimler-Benz]] or [[Mercedes-Benz Group|Daimler AG]], in 1960 from [[Birmingham Small Arms Company|BSA]]. From the late 1960s, Jaguar used the Daimler marque as a brand name for their most luxurious saloons.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jaguar.com/uk/en/company/overview/heritage/1968_1979.htm |title=The Years 1968 to 1979 |publisher=Jaguar Cars|access-date=26 December 2008 |archive-date=1 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601052928/http://www.jaguar.com/uk/en/company/overview/heritage/1968_1979.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== An end to independence (1965–1984) ===
[[Pressed Steel Company]] Limited made all Jaguar's ([[monocoque]]) bodies leaving provision and installation of the mechanicals to Jaguar. In mid-1965 [[British Motor Corporation]] (BMC), the [[Austin Motor Company|Austin]]-[[Morris Motors|Morris]] combine, bought Pressed Steel.<ref>{{cite book |last= Utton|first= M. A.|year= 2003|title= Market Dominance and Antitrust Policy|url= {{Google books|5c_SAgAAQBAJ|Market Dominance and Antitrust Policy|page=226|plainurl=yes}}|location= Cheltenham|publisher=[[Edward Elgar Publishing]]|page= 226|isbn= 1-84064-728-0|lccn= 2002029832|access-date= 6 November 2014|chapter= 9 – Vertical integration and vertical mergers}}</ref> Lyons became concerned about the future of Jaguar, partly because of the threat to ongoing supplies of bodies, and partly because of his age and lack of an heir. He therefore accepted BMC's offer to merge with Jaguar to form British Motor (Holdings) Limited.<ref>{{cite book |last1= Douglas-Scott-Montagu|first1= Edward John Barrington|author-link1= Edward Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 3rd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu|last2= Burgess-Wise|first2= David|author-link2= David Burgess-Wise |name-list-style= amp |year= 1995|title= Daimler Century: The full history of Britain's oldest car maker |location= Sparkford, Nr Yeovil, Somerset, UK|publisher= Patrick Stephens|isbn= 1-85260-494-8|chapter= Chapter 9 – Under New Management|page= 283|quote= ...Sir George Harriman of the British Motor Corporation (whose Pressed Steel subsidiary supplied Jaguar bodyshells) offered Lyons a 'logical and beneficial' merger deal, which would leave Jaguar operating under Lyons's chairmanship as 'a separate entity and with the greatest practical degree of autonomy' within a new organization called British Motor (Holdings) Limited.}}</ref> At a press conference on 11 July 1965 at the Great Eastern Hotel in London, Lyons and BMC chairman George Harriman announced, "Jaguar Group of companies is to merge with The British Motor Corporation Ltd., as the first step towards the setting up of a joint holding company to be called British Motor (Holdings) Limited". In due course BMC changed its name to [[British Motor Holdings]]<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title= British Motor Takes That New Label|date= 15 December 1966|page= 17|issue= 56815}}</ref> at the end of 1966.

BMH was pushed by the Government to merge with Leyland Motor Corporation Limited, manufacturer of [[Leyland Motors#Post war|Leyland bus and truck]], [[Standard Motor Company|Standard]]-[[Triumph Motor Company|Triumph]] and, since 1967, [[Rover Company|Rover]] vehicles. The result was [[British Leyland|British Leyland Motor Corporation]], a new holding company which appeared in 1968, but the combination was not a success. A combination of poor decision making by the board along with the financial difficulties of, especially, the Austin-Morris division (previously BMC) led to the [[Ryder Report (British Leyland)|Ryder Report]] and to effective nationalisation in 1975.{{Citation needed|date=November 2014}}

=== Temporary return to independence (1984–1989) ===
Over the next few years it became clear that because of the low regard for many of the group's products insufficient capital could be provided to develop and begin manufacture of new models, including Jaguars, particularly if Jaguar were to remain a part of the group.<ref>page 49, Andrew M. McLaughlin, William A. Maloney, ''The European Automobile Industry: Multi-Level Governance, Policy and Politics'' [[Taylor & Francis]] e-Library 2005. [https://books.google.com/books?id=vfyLSybp0ncC&dq=jaguar+independence&pg=RA1-PA49 accessed 31 Jan 2013]</ref>
[[File:Daimler Super Eight (X350) silver (1).jpg|thumb|[[Jaguar XJ]], a luxury saloon cr]]
In July 1984, Jaguar was floated off as a separate company on the [[London Stock Exchange]] – one of the [[Margaret Thatcher|Thatcher]] government's many [[privatisation]]s<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2000/nov/22/thatcher.politics1 |title=A whole world sold on sell-offs |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=26 December 2008 | location=London | first=Larry | last=Elliott | date=22 November 2000}}</ref>– to create its own track record.<ref>page 50, Andrew M. McLaughlin, William A. Maloney, ''The European Automobile Industry: Multi-Level Governance, Policy and Politics'' Taylor & Francis e-Library 2005.</ref>

Installed as chairman in 1980, [[John Egan (industrialist)|Sir John Egan]] is credited for Jaguar's unprecedented prosperity immediately after privatisation. In early 1986 Egan reported he had tackled the main problems that were holding Jaguar back from selling more cars: quality control, lagging delivery schedules, poor productivity. He laid off about one third of the company's roughly 10,000 employees to cut costs.<ref>Zetlin, M. (1986). John Egan: Tough leadership turns Jaguar around. ''Management Review'', 75(5), (May 1986) 20–20.</ref> Commentators later pointed out he exploited an elderly model range (on which all development costs had been written off) and raised prices. He also intensified the effort to improve Jaguar's quality. In the US the price increases were masked by a favourable exchange rate.<ref>The Badge on the Bonnet. ''The Times'' 3 November 1989; pg. 13; Issue 63542.</ref>

=== Ford era (1989–2008) ===
[[File:1997 Jaguar XK8 Coupe Automatic 4.0 Front.jpg|thumb|1997 [[Jaguar XK8]] Coupe 4.0]]

[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] made offers to Jaguar's US and UK shareholders to buy their shares in November 1989; Jaguar's listing on the [[London Stock Exchange]] was removed on 28 February 1990.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jaguar.com/int/en/jaguar_ownership/company/heritage/1989_1996.htm |title=The Years 1989 to 1996 |publisher=Jaguar Cars Ltd. |access-date=19 June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624005733/http://www.jaguar.com/int/en/jaguar_ownership/company/heritage/1989_1996.htm |archive-date=24 June 2009 }}</ref> In 1999 it became part of Ford's new [[Premier Automotive Group]] along with [[Aston Martin]], [[Volvo Cars]] and, from 2000, [[Land Rover]]. Under Ford's ownership, Jaguar never made a profit.<ref>"Although Land Rover remains profitable, Ford has never managed to make money from its investment in Jaguar." {{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7313380.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|date=26 March 2008|access-date=3 September 2013|title=Tata buys Jaguar in £1.15bn deal}}</ref>

Under Ford's ownership Jaguar expanded its range of products with the launch of the [[Jaguar S-Type (1999)|S-Type]] in 1999 and [[Jaguar X-Type|X-type]] in 2001. After PAG acquired Land Rover in May 2000 purchase by Ford, the brand became closely associated with Jaguar. In many countries they shared a common sales and distribution network (including shared dealerships), and some models shared components, although the only shared production facility was [[Halewood Body & Assembly]] – which manufactured the technically related X-Type and the Freelander 2. Operationally the two companies were effectively integrated under a common management structure within Ford's PAG.

On 11 June 2007, Ford announced that it planned to sell Jaguar, along with Land Rover and retained the services of [[Goldman Sachs]], [[Morgan Stanley]] and [[HSBC]] to advise it on the deal. The sale was initially expected to be announced by September 2007, but was delayed until March 2008. Private equity firms such as [[Alchemy Partners]] of the UK, [[TPG Capital]], [[Ripplewood Holdings]] (which hired former Ford Europe executive [[Nick Scheele|Sir Nick Scheele]] to head its bid), [[Cerberus Capital Management]] and [[One Equity Partners]] (owned by [[JPMorgan Chase]] and managed by former Ford executive [[Jacques Nasser]]) of the US, [[Tata Motors]] of India and a consortium comprising [[Mahindra & Mahindra]] (an automobile manufacturer from India) and [[Apollo Management]] all initially expressed interest in purchasing the [[marque]]s from Ford.<ref name="From Archive.org-6375467">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/markets/feeds/afx/2007/08/24/afx4052453.html |title=India's Tata confirms interest in Land Rover, Jaguar |work=Forbes |date=24 August 2007 |access-date=18 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208072836/http://www.forbes.com/markets/feeds/afx/2007/08/24/afx4052453.html |archive-date=8 December 2007 |url-status=dead |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |agency=AFX News Limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/business/news/article3307647.ece |title=Tata in pole position to buy Jaguar and Land Rover marques from Ford |access-date=4 January 2008 |date=4 January 2008 |last=Clark |first=Nick |work=[[The Independent]]|location=London |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105014035/http://news.independent.co.uk/business/news/article3307647.ece |archive-date=5 January 2008 }}</ref>

Before the sale was announced, [[Anthony Bamford]], chairman of British excavator manufacturer [[JCB (heavy equipment manufacturer)|JCB]] had expressed interest in purchasing the company in August 2006,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.contractjournal.com/Articles/2006/08/24/51974/jcbs-sir-anthony-bamford-eyes-jaguar.html |title=JCB's Sir Anthony Bamford eyes Jaguar |date=24 August 2006 |work=Contract Journal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531235919/http://www.contractjournal.com/Articles/2006/08/24/51974/jcbs-sir-anthony-bamford-eyes-jaguar.html |archive-date=31 May 2009 }}</ref> but backed out upon learning that the sale would also involve Land Rover, which he did not wish to buy. On Christmas Eve of 2007, Mahindra and Mahindra backed out of the race for both brands, citing complexities in the deal.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/MM_out_of_Jaguar_Land_Rover_race/articleshow/2646028.cms |title=M&M out of Jaguar, Land Rover race |access-date=24 December 2007 |date=24 December 2007 |publisher=Times News Network |last=Doval |first=Pankaj}}</ref>

=== Tata Motors era (2008–present) ===
[[File:Jaguar F-Type (53158697440).jpg|thumb|[[Jaguar F-Type]]]]
On 1 January 2008, Ford announced Tata as the preferred bidder.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1699920,00.html |title=Indian Company Top Bidder for Jaguar |access-date=4 January 2008 |date=3 January 2008 |agency=Associated Press |last=Krisher |first=Tom |magazine=Time |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106094214/http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1699920,00.html |archive-date=6 January 2008 }}</ref> [[Tata Motors]] also received endorsements from the Transport And General Worker's Union (TGWU)-[[Amicus (trade union)|Amicus]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Tata_set_to_clinch_Jaguar-Land_Rover_deal_Report/articleshow/2637533.cms |title=Tata set to clinch Jaguar-Land Rover deal: Report |access-date=20 December 2007 |date=20 December 2007 |agency=Press Trust of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223113125/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Tata_set_to_clinch_Jaguar-Land_Rover_deal_Report/articleshow/2637533.cms |archive-date=23 December 2007 }}</ref> [[unite (trade union)|combine]] as well as from Ford.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2007/12/17/businesspro-ford-tata-dc-idUKL1657837520071217 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012063512/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2007/12/17/businesspro-ford-tata-dc-idUKL1657837520071217 |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 October 2012 |title=Ford set to pick Jaguar frontrunner in days: source |access-date=16 February 2011 |date=17 December 2007 |work=Reuters |first=Mathieu |last=Robbins}}</ref> According to the rules of the auction process, this announcement would not automatically disqualify any other potential suitor. However, Ford (as well as representatives of [[Unite (trade union)|Unite]]) would now be able to enter into detailed discussions with Tata concerning issues ranging from labour concerns (job security and pensions), technology (IT systems and engine production) and intellectual property,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=287b0b39-fab7-4219-923a-d1fb409d8f25&ParentID=6c3b0942-84e5-4997-b350-794d54521614&MatchID1=4626&TeamID1=1&TeamID2=6&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1165&MatchID2=4618&TeamID3=3&TeamID4=4&MatchType2=1&SeriesID2=1163&PrimaryID=4626&Headline=Super+car+technology+headed+for+Tata+stable |title=Super car technology headed for Tata stable |access-date=4 January 2008 |date=3 January 2008 |work=Hindustan Times |last=Ghosh |first=Suprotip |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105072608/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=287b0b39-fab7-4219-923a-d1fb409d8f25&ParentID=6c3b0942-84e5-4997-b350-794d54521614&MatchID1=4626&TeamID1=1&TeamID2=6&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1165&MatchID2=4618&TeamID3=3&TeamID4=4&MatchType2=1&SeriesID2=1163&PrimaryID=4626&Headline=Super%2Bcar%2Btechnology%2Bheaded%2Bfor%2BTata%2Bstable |archive-date=5 January 2008 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> as well as the final sale price.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/content/9f884a00-ba68-11dc-abcb-0000779fd2ac |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9f884a00-ba68-11dc-abcb-0000779fd2ac.html |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |title=Tata falls for the attraction of opposites |access-date=4 January 2008 |date=4 January 2008 |work=Financial Times |last1=Leahy |first1=Joe |first2=Bernard |last2=Simon|first3= Amy |last3=Yee}}</ref> Ford would also open its books for a more comprehensive [[due diligence]] by Tata.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/india/news/business/ball-nowtata-motors%E2%80%99-court-to-tie-up-deal-unite/22/39/319697 |title=Ball now in Tata Motors' court to tie-up deal: Unite |access-date=4 January 2008 |date=3 January 2008 |publisher=CNBC TV-18}}</ref> On 18 March 2008, [[Reuters]] reported that American bankers [[Citigroup]] and [[JPMorgan Chase|JP Morgan]] would finance the deal with a US$3 [[1000000000 (number)|billion]] loan.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=c0fba677-1cca-4a72-b13d-13e0a02747cc&&Headline=Tata+gets+%243+bln+loan+from+Citi%2c+JPMorgan%3a+source |title=Tata gets $3&nbsp;billion loan from Citi, JPMorgan: source |agency=Reuters |date=18 March 2008 |access-date=18 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207165822/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=c0fba677-1cca-4a72-b13d-13e0a02747cc&&Headline=Tata+gets+%243+bln+loan+from+Citi%2C+JPMorgan%3A+source |archive-date=7 December 2008 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

On 26 March 2008, Ford announced that it had agreed to sell its Jaguar and Land Rover operations to Tata Motors of India, and that they expected to complete the sale by the end of the second quarter of 2008.<ref name="ford_20080326">{{cite press release |title=FORD MOTOR COMPANY ANNOUNCES AGREEMENT TO SELL JAGUAR LAND ROVER TO TATA MOTORS |publisher=Ford |date=26 March 2008 |url=http://media.ford.com/newsroom/release_display.cfm?release=27953 |access-date=27 March 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612192629/http://media.ford.com/newsroom/release_display.cfm?release=27953 |archive-date=12 June 2008 }}</ref> Included in the deal were the rights to three other British brands, Jaguar's own [[Daimler Company|Daimler]], as well as two dormant brands [[Lanchester Motor Company|Lanchester]] and [[Rover (marque)|Rover]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.leftlanenews.com/5-for-2-special-tata-acquires-3-other-british-marques-in-jaguar-land-rover-deal.html#more-6922 | title = 5 for 2 special: Tata acquires 3 other British marques in Jaguar, Land Rover deal | publisher = Leftlane News | date = 28 March 2008 | access-date = 28 March 2008 | archive-date = 5 March 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120305034339/http://www.leftlanenews.com/5-for-2-special-tata-acquires-3-other-british-marques-in-jaguar-land-rover-deal.html#more-6922 | url-status = dead }}</ref> On 2 June 2008, the sale to Tata was completed at a cost of £1.7&nbsp;billion.<ref name="r_20080602">{{cite news |title=Tata Motors completes acquisition of Jag, Land Rover |date=2 June 2008 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/ousiv/idUSBMA00084220080602 |access-date=2 June 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.autoweek.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080630/FREE/940478590/1528/newsletter01 |title=On U.S. tour, Mr. Tata gives Jaguar and Rover dealers a hug: AutoWeek Magazine |publisher=Autoweek.com |access-date=4 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117204002/http://www.autoweek.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20080630%2FFREE%2F940478590%2F1528%2Fnewsletter01 |archive-date=17 January 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="BBCJagJobs">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8121056.stm|work=BBC News|title=Jobs warning at Jaguar Land Rover|date=26 June 2009|access-date=26 June 2009}}</ref>

On 18 January 2008, Tata Motors, a part of the [[Tata Group]], established [[Jaguar Land Rover]] (JLR) as a British-registered and wholly owned subsidiary. The company was to be used as a holding company for the acquisition of the two businesses from Ford – Jaguar Cars Limited and Land Rover. That acquisition was completed on 2 June 2008.<ref name=jlrar2010-2011>{{cite web|title=2010/2011 Annual Report|url=https://b.jcms-api.com/download/9e562e87-04c0-418f-8931-a2b9a27e28e7/20102011annualreport.pdf|publisher=Jaguar Land Rover PLC|pages=5|access-date=26 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126065823/https://b.jcms-api.com/download/9e562e87-04c0-418f-8931-a2b9a27e28e7/20102011annualreport.pdf|archive-date=26 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> On 1 January 2013, the group, which had been operating as two separate companies (Jaguar Cars Limited and Land Rover), although on an integrated basis, underwent a fundamental restructuring. The parent company was renamed to Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC, Jaguar Cars Limited was renamed to Jaguar Land Rover Limited and the assets (excluding certain Chinese interests) of Land Rover were transferred to it. The consequence was that Jaguar Land Rover Limited became responsible in the UK for the design, manufacture and marketing of both Jaguar and Land Rover products.<ref name=jlrar2012-2013>{{cite web|title=Annual Report 2012/2013|url=https://b.jcms-api.com/download/f34fc56c-5b61-490e-910f-98463d8fd553/jaguarlandroverautomotiveplcannualreport20122013.pdf|publisher=Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC|pages=91|access-date=26 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126070639/https://b.jcms-api.com/download/f34fc56c-5b61-490e-910f-98463d8fd553/jaguarlandroverautomotiveplcannualreport20122013.pdf|archive-date=26 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sales in 2013 amounted to 76,668 units, an increase of 42% compared to 2012. The most significant growth was observed in [[Germany]] and the [[United States]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=425.006 véhicules : record historique de ventes pour Jaguar Land Rover |url=https://www.latribune.fr/entreprises-finance/industrie/automobile/20140112trib000808959/425.006-vehicules-record-historique-de-ventes-pour-jaguar-land-rover.html |website=la tribune}}</ref>

In 2020, the former CEO of the French company Renault, [[Thierry Bolloré]], replaced [[Ralf Speth]] as the head of Jaguar Land Rover.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Après Renault, Thierry Bolloré revient chez Jaguar Land Rover |url=https://fr.motor1.com/news/436224/thierry-bollore-pdg-jaguar-land-rover-renault/ |website=motor1}}</ref>

In 2023, JLR announced plans to move Jaguar further upmarket, following years of zero-profitability and poor sales. The holding company detailed its plans to downsize Jaguar into a lower volume brand, competing closer to the likes of [[Bentley]] and Porsche.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gibbs |first=Nick |date=23 June 2021 |title=Jaguar EVs to be priced at Bentley, Porsche levels |url=https://europe.autonews.com/automakers/jaguar-evs-be-priced-bentley-porsche-levels |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=Automotive News Europe}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Reimagining Jaguar: its EV-only, premium vision in detail {{!}} CAR Magazine |url=https://www.carmagazine.co.uk/electric/jaguar/ |access-date=21 July 2024 |website=www.carmagazine.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Truett |first=Richard |date=13 August 2023 |title=Jaguar's new identity begins to take shape |url=https://europe.autonews.com/cars-concepts/jaguars-plan-2025-and-beyond-takes-shape |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=Automotive News Europe}}</ref> In June 2024, the company stopped production of every model except for the F-Pace, aligning goals to fully electrify the marque by 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Every Jaguar, Except the F-Pace, Is Dead |url=https://www.motor1.com/news/726576/jaguar-discontinues-six-models/ |access-date=21 July 2024 |website=Motor1.com |language=en}}</ref> Instead, three brand new electric models will be introduced on the new JEA platform, starting with a four-door electric grand tourer in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2024 |title=Jaguar Must Die to Be Born Again |url=https://www.roadandtrack.com/news/a46879750/jaguar-must-die-to-be-born-again-ev-plan/ |access-date=21 July 2024 |website=Road & Track |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Electrification (2025–present) ===
On 19 November 2024, Jaguar unveiled an advertisement showcasing its new logo and branding ahead of its relaunch in 2026 as an electric-only brand.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 February 2021 |title=Jaguar car brand to be all-electric by 2025 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-56072019 |access-date=15 February 2021 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> The rebrand marked the introduction of a new typeface, colour palette, as well as new device mark, in a direction the company referred to as 'exuberant modernism'.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jaguar unveils new logo and branding ahead of electric-only future |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgr0pw00n7qo |access-date=20 November 2024 |first=Shehnaz |last=Khan |work=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2024 |title=Jaguar unveils "unique and fearless" rebrand for "complete reset" |url=https://www.dezeen.com/2024/11/21/jaguar-rebrand-electric-car/ |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=Dezeen |language=en}}</ref> 

The change was markedly controversial, being met with criticism online,<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 November 2024 |title=Jaguar rebrand: what do *you* think? |url=https://www.topgear.com/car-news/first-look/jaguar-rebrand-what-do-you-think |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202221153/https://www.topgear.com/car-news/first-look/jaguar-rebrand-what-do-you-think |archive-date=2 December 2024 |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=Top Gear |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> notably including that from [[Elon Musk]], American comedian [[Stephen Colbert]], and British politician [[Nigel Farage]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Inagaki |first=Kana |last2=Mance |first2=Henry |date=14 December 2024 |title=Jaguar’s rebrand has divided opinion. Is ‘Project Roar’ the road to success? |url=https://www.ft.com/content/87b75a03-4fa3-4072-bfd2-0d23733dee8a |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=Financial Times}}</ref> Critics pointed out the rebrand's alienation of Jaguar's traditional customers, accusing the brand of '[[Woke|going woke]]'.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bland |first=Archie |date=4 December 2024 |title=Wednesday briefing: What Jaguar’s radical rebrand reveals about the shift to electric cars |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/dec/04/wednesday-briefing-what-jaguars-radical-rebrand-reveals-about-the-shift-to-electric-cars |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Others have instead commended the rebrand as marketing 'genius', having captured mainstream attention for the brand worldwide online and on mainstream media.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morris |first=James |title=Jaguar Rebrand Is Absolute Genius—Here’s Why |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesmorris/2024/11/23/jaguar-rebrand-is-absolute-geniusheres-the-reason-why/ |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2024 |title=Wait, is the new Jaguar rebranding actually genius? |url=https://www.lifestyleasia.com/sg/tech/auto/is-the-new-jaguar-rebranding-logo-actually-genius/ |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=Lifestyle Asia Singapore |language=en-SG}}</ref>

On 4 December 2024, Jaguar revealed the [[Jaguar Type 00|Type 00 concept car]] at [[Art Basel|Miami Art Week]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 December 2024 |title=The Polarizing Type 00 Concept Is Exactly What Jaguar Needed |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a63094185/jaguar-type-00-concept-polarizing-what-jaguar-needed/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215175938/https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a63094185/jaguar-type-00-concept-polarizing-what-jaguar-needed/ |archive-date=15 December 2024 |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=Car and Driver |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref> a non-production model which showcases the brand's design direction for its future electric cars.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oliver |first=Ben |title=Jaguar Finally Reveals Its All-Electric Type 00 After a Contentious Rebrand |url=https://www.wired.com/story/jaguar-finally-reveals-its-all-electric-type-00/ |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref> Like its rebrand a couple weeks prior, the car was met with a similarly polarised reception, inviting both derision and praise.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 December 2024 |title=The Polarizing Type 00 Concept Is Exactly What Jaguar Needed |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a63094185/jaguar-type-00-concept-polarizing-what-jaguar-needed/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215175938/https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a63094185/jaguar-type-00-concept-polarizing-what-jaguar-needed/ |archive-date=15 December 2024 |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=Car and Driver |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=3 December 2024 |title=One Word Describes Jaguar’s New Concept: Brutal |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-12-03/jaguar-s-type-00-concept-car-revealed-after-widely-panned-rebranding-ad |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en}}</ref>

Following the rebranding and the new strategy, Jaguar ended the production of combustion engine vehicles in 2024, starting an interim period for the company to transition into a new all-electric lineup by 2026. Sales dropped by 97.5% in 2025 as a result of the brand's cessation of new car production, with its sales limited to older cars on stock from previous years.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Jack |last=Fitzgerald |date=2024-03-04 |title=Jaguar Ending Production of Gas Cars Entirely before New EVs Arrive |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a60075224/jaguar-gas-cars-production-ending/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401012200/https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a60075224/jaguar-gas-cars-production-ending/ |archive-date=1 April 2025 |work=Car and Driver |language=en-US |access-date=8 July 2025 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 July 2025 |title=Jaguar sales collapse 97 percent in Europe amid controversial rebrand and EV transition |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/jaguar-sales-collapse-97-percent-in-europe-amid-controversial-rebrand-and-ev-transition/articleshow/122175798.cms |access-date=8 July 2025 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-06 |title=Did Jaguar ‘go woke and go broke’? No, it’s more complicated than that |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/jaguar-tata-motors-woke-car-advert-manufacturing-b2783482.html |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref>

== Plants ==
[[File:Jaguar XK140 Drophead Coupe.jpg|thumb|[[Jaguar XK140]] Drophead Coupe]]
From 1922 the Swallow Sidecar company (SSC) was located in [[Blackpool]]. The company moved to Holbrook Lane, [[Coventry]] in 1928 when demand for the [[Austin 7|Austin Swallow]] became too great for the factory's capacity.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jaguar-enthusiasts.org.uk/jaguar-history.html |title=Jaguar History |publisher=The Surrey Region Jaguar Enthusiasts Club |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630051433/http://www.jaguar-enthusiasts.org.uk/jaguar-history.html |archive-date=30 June 2007 }}</ref> The company started using the ''Jaguar'' name whilst based in Holbrooks Lane.

In 1951, having outgrown the original Coventry site they moved to Browns Lane, which had been a wartime "shadow factory" run by [[Daimler Company|The Daimler Company]]. The [[Browns Lane plant]] ceased trim and final operations in 2005, the X350 [[Jaguar XJ (X350)|XJ]] having already moved to Castle Bromwich two years prior, with the [[Jaguar XK|XK]] and [[Jaguar S-Type (1999)|S-Type]] following. The Browns Lane plant, which continued producing veneer trim for a while and housed the Jaguar Daimler Heritage centre until it moved to the [[British Motor Museum]] site, has now been demolished and is being redeveloped.

Jaguar acquired the Whitley engineering centre from [[Peugeot]] in 1986, the facility having been part of [[Chrysler Europe]] which the French firm had owned since the late 1970s.  The decision to offload the site to Jaguar came as Peugeot discontinued the [[Talbot (automobile)|Talbot]] brand for passenger cars.  In 2016, Jaguar also moved into part of the old Peugeot/Chrysler/Rootes site in [[Ryton-on-Dunsmore]] which closed a decade earlier – this now is the home of Jaguar Land Rover's classic restoration operation.

Jaguar's [[Radford, Coventry|Radford plant]], originally a Daimler bus plant but later a Jaguar engine and axle plant, was closed by Ford in 1997 when it moved all Jaguar engine production to its [[Ford Bridgend Engine Plant|Bridgend]] facility.

In 2000, Ford turned its [[Halewood Body & Assembly|Halewood]] plant over to Jaguar following the discontinuation of its long running [[Ford Escort (European)|Escort]] that year for Jaguar's new [[Jaguar X-Type|X-Type]] model. It was later joined by the second-generation Land Rover Freelander 2, from 2007.  Jaguars ceased being produced at Halewood in 2009 following the discontinuation of the X-Type; Halewood now becoming a Land Rover-only plant.

Since [[Jaguar Land Rover]] was formed following the merger of Jaguar Cars with Land Rover, facilities have been shared across several JLR sites, most of which are used for work on both the Jaguar and Land Rover brands.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FEARLESS. EXUBERANT. COMPELLING. THIS IS JAGUAR, REIMAGINED {{!}} Jaguar 2024 Media Newsroom |url=https://media.jaguar.com/en-gb/news/2024/11/fearless-exuberant-compelling-jaguar-reimagined |access-date=20 November 2024 |website=media.jaguar.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaguar unveils new logo and branding ahead of electric-only future |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgr0pw00n7qo |access-date=20 November 2024 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Discontinued car models ==
Jaguar has ceased production of all internal combustion cars as of December 2025, following the production of the final F-Pace on 19 December 2025.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Jaguar F-Pace production ends after 10 years - Introduction {{!}} Autocar India |url=https://www.autocarindia.com/car-news/jaguar-f-pace-production-ends-after-10-years-438668 |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Autocar |language=en}}</ref> Production on all other previous models had been discontinued in December 2024, in anticipation of the brand's transition to being all-electric. 

===E-Pace===
[[File:Jaguar E-Pace D180 AWD S – Frontansicht, 24. Juni 2018 Düsseldorf.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jaguar E-Pace]] 2017–2024]]
The [[Jaguar E-Pace]] is a [[compact sport utility vehicle|compact SUV]], officially revealed on 13 July 2017.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tisshaw |first1=Mark |date=13 July 2017 |title=2018 Jaguar E-Pace officially revealed: release date, price and interior |url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/jaguar-e-pace |access-date=3 March 2018 |work=Autocar}}</ref> Production of the E-Pace, which was outsourced to [[Magna Steyr]] in Graz, Austria, stopped in December 2024.<ref name="topgear" /><ref name="SS">{{Cite web |title=Jaguar to stop selling all new cars in the UK this month |url=https://www.carmagazine.co.uk/car-news/industry-news/jaguar/f-pace-production-ends/ |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=CAR Magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaguar, a British Car Brand, Has Stopped Selling New Cars in the UK |url=https://www.motor1.com/news/739508/jaguar-not-selling-cars-uk/ |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=Motor1.com |language=en}}</ref>{{clear}}

===F-Type===
[[File:Jaguar F-Type Coupé (51883664211).jpg|thumb|left|[[Jaguar F-Type]] 2013–2024]]
The [[Jaguar F-Type|F-Type]] convertible was launched at the [[2012 Paris Motor Show]], following its display at the [[Goodwood Festival of Speed]] in June 2012,<ref>{{cite news|last=Healey|first=James|title=Disguised Jaguar F-type sports car runs at Goodwood|url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/driveon/post/2012/07/jaguar-f-type-goodwood-speed-sports-car-development/1|access-date=1 August 2012|work=USA Today|date=2 July 2012}}</ref> and is billed as a successor to the legendary [[Jaguar E-Type|E-Type]]. In fact, the Series III E-Type already had a successor, in the form of the [[Jaguar XJS|XJS]], which was in turn replaced by the XK8 and XKR. The F-Type nevertheless returns to the 2-seat plan that was lost with the introduction of the Series III E-Type, which was available only in a 2+2-seat configuration. It was developed following the positive reaction to Jaguar's C-X16 concept car at the 2011 Frankfurt Auto Show. Sales began in 2013 with three engine choices; two variants of the AJ126 V6 petrol engine and the AJ133 V8 petrol engine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carmagazine.co.uk/News/Search-Results/First-Official-Pictures/Jaguar-F-Type-2013-first-official-pictures-/|title=CAR Magazine: Jaguar F-type (2013) first official pictures|access-date=28 September 2012}}</ref> Production ended in June 2024, by which time 87,731 examples had been built.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Martin |first1=Charlie |title=Jaguar F-Type production ends after 87,731 examples built |url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/jaguar-f-type-production-ends-after-87731-examples-built#:~:text=The%20final%20Jaguar%20F%2DType,low%2Dvolume%20electric%20luxury%20cars. |website=Autocar |access-date=21 July 2024 |date=14 June 2024}}</ref>{{clear}}
===F-Pace===
[[File:Jaguar F-Pace IMG 8000.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jaguar F-Pace]] 2016–2025]]
The [[Jaguar F-Pace|F-Pace]] is a [[Compact executive car|compact luxury]] [[crossover SUV]] – the first [[SUV]] from Jaguar. It was unveiled at the [[International Motor Show Germany]] in [[Frankfurt]] in September 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ingram |first1=Richard |date=21 October 2015 |title=New Jaguar F-Pace SUV: Frankfurt debut, prices, engines and specs |url=http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/jaguar/f-pace/65883/new-jaguar-f-pace-suv-frankfurt-debut-prices-engines-and-specs |access-date=3 March 2018 |work=Auto Express |publisher=Dennis Publishing}}</ref> The F-Pace was to remain in production until early 2026, ahead of the brand's electric relaunch,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaguar F-Pace to be axed globally in 2026 {{!}} Autocar |url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/consumer/jaguar-f-pace-be-axed-globally-2026 |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=www.autocar.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> but the last F-Pace was built on 19th December 2025.<ref name="JECDec2025">{{cite web |last=Scott |first=Wayne |date=19 December 2025 |title=A Historic Day at Solihull: The Last F-PACE Rolls Off the Line |url=https://jec.org.uk/2025/last-fpace/ |access-date=21 December 2025 |publisher=Jaguar Enthusiasts' Club}}</ref><ref name=":0" />{{clear}}

===I-Pace===
[[File:2018 Jaguar I-Pace EV400 AWD Front.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jaguar I-Pace]] 2018–2024]]
The [[Jaguar I-Pace]] is an [[Electric car|electric]] [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]], officially revealed on 1 March 2018. It is Jaguar's first electric car. Amid slowing sales<ref>{{cite news |last=Kane |first=Mark |date=9 August 2023 |title=Jaguar I-Pace Sales Faded Again In Q2 2023 |url=https://insideevs.com/news/681085/jaguar-ipace-sales-2023q2/ |accessdate=26 December 2023 |publisher=InsideEVs}}</ref> and a change in corporate vision, Jaguar has announced that the I-Pace will be discontinued by 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tisshaw |first=Mark |date=16 August 2023 |title=Jaguar I-Pace to retire by 2025 along with ICE range-mates |url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/jaguar-i-pace-retire-2025-along-ice-range-mates |accessdate=26 December 2023 |publisher=[[Autocar (magazine)|AutoCar]]}}</ref> Production of the I-Pace ended in December 2024.<ref name="SS" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bosch |first=Charl |date=1 November 2024 |title=Jaguar product count hits zero as F-Pace sales end in the UK |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/motoring/jaguar-no-longer-selling-any-vehicles/ |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=The Citizen |language=en}}</ref>{{clear}}

===XE===
[[File:Jaguar XE 20t Prestige X760 Fuji White (3).jpg|thumbnail|left|[[Jaguar XE]] 2015–2024]]

The [[Jaguar XE|XE]] is the first compact executive Jaguar since the 2009 model year X-Type and is the first of several Jaguar models to be built using Jaguar's new modular aluminium architecture,{{citation needed|date=July 2017}} moving the company away from the Ford derived platforms that were used in the past for the X-Type and XF. The use of Jaguar's own platform allows the XE to feature either rear-wheel drive or all-wheel drive configurations, and it is the first car in its segment with an aluminium monocoque structure.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://newsroom.jaguarlandrover.com/en-in/jaguar/news/2014/03/jag_xe_naming_release_040314/ |title=Jaguar XE Launch Press Release}}</ref> Originally announced at the 2014 [[Geneva Motor Show]] with sales scheduled for 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=New Jaguar saloon to be called XE|url=http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/jaguar/86011/new-jaguar-saloon-be-called-xe|work=Auto Express|access-date=4 March 2014|date=4 March 2014}}</ref> Production of the XE ceased in mid 2024.<ref name="topgear">{{cite web |last1=Pattni |first1=Vijay |date=17 July 2024 |title=Jaguar has stopped building the XE, XF and F-Type; I-Pace and E-Pace to stop in Dec |url=https://www.topgear.com/car-news/business/jaguar-has-stopped-building-xe-xf-and-f-type-i-pace-and-e-pace-stop-dec |website=Top Gear |access-date=21 July 2024}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===XF===
[[File:Jaguar XF 30D X260 white (1).jpg|thumb|left|[[Jaguar XF (X260)]] 2015–2024]]

The [[Jaguar XF (X260)|Jaguar XF]] is a [[Mid-size car|mid-size]] [[executive car]] introduced in 2008 to replace the [[Jaguar S-Type (1999)|S-Type]]. In January 2008, the XF was awarded the ''[[What Car?]]'' 'Car of the Year' and 'Executive Car of the Year' awards. The XF was also awarded Car of the Year 2008 from ''What Diesel?'' magazine. Engines available in the XF are 2.2-litre [[Straight-four engine|I4]] and 3.0-litre [[V6 engine|V6]] diesel engines, or 3.0 litre V6 and 5.0-litre [[V8 engine|V8]] petrol engines. The 5.0 Litre engine is available in supercharged form in the XFR. From 2011, the 2.2-litre diesel engine from the Land Rover Freelander was added to the range as part of a facelift.<ref name="www.jaguar.co.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.jaguar.com/gb/en/#/xf/models/xf_pricing|title=Jaguar Cars UK Web Site|access-date=24 May 2010|work=jaguar.co.uk|archive-date=14 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414214431/http://www.jaguar.com/gb/en/#/xf/models/xf_pricing|url-status=dead}}</ref> Production of the XF ceased in mid 2024.<ref name="topgear" />

{{clear}}

==R and SVR models==
{{main|Jaguar R and SVR models}}

[[File:2020 Jaguar F-Type 575 coupe Auto Zuerich 2021 IMG 0178.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.24|2020 [[Jaguar F-Type]] R 575 Coupe]]
[[File:2023 Jaguar F-Pace SVR AWD Auto.jpg|thumb|2023 [[Jaguar F-Pace]] SVR AWD]]

Jaguar began producing R models in 1995 with the introduction of the first XJR, and the first XKR was introduced in 1997. Jaguar R, R-S and SVR models are designated to compete with the likes of [[Mercedes-AMG]], [[BMW M]] and [[Audi S and RS models|Audi S and RS]].
{{clear}}

==Historic car models==
[[File:1938 SS Jaguar 100 (39067), front left.jpg|thumb|1938 [[SS Jaguar 100]] 3.5-Litre, between 1935 and 1945 the brand was known as [[SS Cars|SS Jaguar]]]]
The company changed its name from SS Cars to Jaguar Cars in 1945, but between 1935 and 1945 the cars had the marque ‘SS Jaguar’ on them. During this period they produced the [[SS Cars#SS 90|SS90]] and the [[SS Cars#SS 100|SS100]]. From 1945 the renamed Jaguar company started production of the pre-war 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5-litre models, which used engines designed by the [[Standard Motor Company]]. The 1.5-litre four-cylinder engine was still supplied by Standard but the two larger six-cylinder ones were made in house. These cars have become known unofficially as [[Jaguar Mark IV|Mark IVs]].

The first post-war model was the September 1948 [[Jaguar Mark V|Mark V]] available with either 2.5 or 3.5-litre engines. It had a slightly more streamlined appearance than pre-war models, but more important was the change to torsion bar independent front suspension and hydraulic brakes.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} In the spring of 1948 Lyons had returned from USA reporting Jaguar's individuality and perceived quality attracted the admiration of American buyers accustomed to the virtual uniformity of their home-grown vehicles.<ref>"British Cars for U.S." ''The Times'', 27 April 1948, p. 2; Issue 51056.</ref>

[[File:1951 Jaguar XK120 HCC22.jpg|thumb|left|The 1948 [[Jaguar XK120|XK120]] was a breakthrough both for Jaguar and post-WWII sports cars.]]

The first big breakthrough was the launch in October 1948 of their new [[A. T. Goldie Gardner#Experimental Jaguar XK100|record-breaking]] engine design in their [[Jaguar XK120|XK120]] sportscar to replace the prewar [[SS Jaguar 100]]. It was powered by a new twin [[overhead camshaft]] (DOHC) 3.5-litre [[combustion chamber|hemi-head]]<!--<ref>Setright, L. J. K., "Jaguar", ''World of Automobiles'' (London, Orbis 1974), volume 9, p. 1069</ref>--> six-cylinder engine designed by [[William Heynes]], [[Walter Hassan]] and Claude Baily. The XK100 4-cylinder 2-Litre version had broken records in Belgium travelling at 177&nbsp;mph. This XK engine had been designed at night during the war when they would be on fire watch in the factory. After several attempts a final design was achieved. That is until owner William Lyons said "make it quieter".

The sportscar bearing its prefix X had originally been intended as a short production model of about 200 vehicles. A test bed for the new engine until its intended home, the new [[Jaguar Mark VII|Mark VII]] saloon, was ready.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}
[[File:Jaguar.3point4.750pix.jpg|thumb|right|1960s [[Jaguar Mark 2|Mark 2]] became one of the most recognisable Jaguar models ever produced.]]

The second big breakthrough was the large Mark VII saloon in 1950, a car especially conceived for the American market, Jaguar was overwhelmed with orders. The Mark VII and its successors gathered rave reviews from magazines such as ''[[Road & Track]]'' and ''[[The Motor (magazine)|The Motor]]''. In 1956 a Mark VII won the prestigious [[Rallye Automobile Monte Carlo|Monte Carlo Rally]]. The XK120's exceptional reception was followed in 1954 by an improved [[Jaguar XK140|XK140]] then in May 1957 a fully revised [[Jaguar XK150|XK150]].
[[File:1964 Jaguar Mark X HCC22.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Jaguar Mark X|Mark X]] later renamed the Jaguar 420G, was the basis for the later XJ6]]
In 1955, the ''Two-point-four'' or 2.4-litre saloon (named by enthusiasts [[Jaguar Mark 1|2.4 Mark 1]]) was the first [[monocoque]] (unitary) car from Jaguar.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} Its 2.4-litre short-stroke version of the XK engine provided {{convert|100|mph|abbr=on}} performance. In 1957, the 3.4-litre version with disk brakes, wire wheels and other options was introduced, with a top speed of {{convert|120|mph|abbr=on}}. In October 1959, an extensively revised version of the car with wider windows and 2.4, 3.4, and 3.8-litre engine options became the [[Jaguar Mark 2|Mark 2]]. The 3.8 Mark 2 was popular with British police forces for its small size and {{convert|125|mph|abbr=on}} performance.<!--<ref>Setright, 1974, p.1074</ref>-->

The [[Jaguar Mark VIII|Mark VIII]] of 1956 and [[Jaguar Mark IX|Mark IX]] of 1958 were essentially updates of the Mark VII, but the oversize [[Jaguar Mark X|Mark X]] of 1961 was a completely new design of large saloon with all round independent suspension and unitary construction. Jaguar launched the [[Jaguar E-Type|E-Type]] in 1961.

[[File:1963 Jaguar XK-E Roadster.jpg|right|thumb|1963 open two-seat [[Jaguar E-Type|E-Type]]]]

The independent rear suspension from the Mark X was incorporated in the 1963 [[Jaguar S-Type (1963)|S-Type]], a Mark 2 lengthened to contain the complex rear suspension, and in 1967 the Mark 2 name was dropped when the small saloons became the 240/340 range. The [[Jaguar 420|420]] of 1966, also sold as the [[Daimler Sovereign]], put a new front onto the S-type, although both cars continued in parallel until the S-Type was dropped in 1968. The slow-selling Mark X became the 420G in 1966 and was dropped at the end of the decade. Jaguar was saved by its new equally capacious but very much trimmer new [[Jaguar XJ6|XJ6]].

[[File:Jaguar (3573353408).jpg|left|thumb|[[Jaguar XJ#XJ Coupé|XJ-C]] coupe based on the XJ6]]

Of the more recent saloons, the most significant is the [[Jaguar XJ#Series 1, 2, and 3 (1968–1992)|XJ]] (1968–1992). From 1968 on, the Series I XJ saw minor changes, first in 1973 (to Series II), 1979 (Series III), a complete redesign for 1986/1987 in XJ40, further modifications in 1995 (X300), in 1997 with V8-power (X308), and a major advance in 2003 with an industry-first aluminium monocoque-chassis (X350). The most luxurious XJ models carried either the [[Vanden Plas]] (US) or [[Daimler Company|Daimler]] (rest of world) nameplates. In 1972, the 12-cylinder engine was introduced in the XJ, while simultaneously being offered in the E Type. There was a production run of two-door XJ coupés with a pillarless hardtop body called the [[Jaguar XJ#XJ Coupé|XJ-C]] which was built between 1975 and 1977, in addition to about 2,000 Daimler-badged examples. 

[[File:JaguarXJ220.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Jaguar XJ220|XJ220]]—the world's fastest production car in 1992]]
1992 saw the introduction of the mid-engined, twin-turbo [[Jaguar XJ220|XJ220]], powered by a {{convert|542|bhp|kW PS|abbr=on}} V6 engine. The XJ220 was confirmed the fastest production car in the world at the time after [[Martin Brundle]] recorded a speed of {{convert|217|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}} on the [[Nardò Ring|Nardo track]] in Italy.<ref>{{Cite news |title=The monster and the myth – It is the story they've been waiting for with bated breath |date=22 August 1992 |work=The Guardian |quote=On the Nardo track of southern Italy, Martin Brundle, the Grand Prix driver, confirmed it as the fastest production car with 217mph, narrowly quicker than the Bugatti. The Ferrari 512 or earlier F40 does around 200mph. The F40 boasts 0–60mph in 4.1 seconds. The Lamborghini Diablo is 4.09 and Porsche 959, 3.9. The Jaguar rates 3.85.}}</ref>

Over the years many Jaguar models have sported the famous chrome plated Leaping Jaguar, traditionally forming part of the radiator cap. Known as "The Leaper", this iconic mascot has been the subject of controversy in recent times when banned for safety reasons from cars supplied to Europe whilst it continued to be fitted on cars destined for the United States, Middle East and Far East. It has now been dropped from all the latest Jaguar models, although some customers add it to their car as a customisation.

[[File:Jaguar XJ Supersport.jpg|thumb|left|Jaguar XJ Supersport - [[Jaguar XJ]] available 2009–2019]]
The [[Jaguar S-Type (1999)|Jaguar S-Type]], first appeared in 1999 and stopped production in 2008. It has now been replaced by the Jaguar XF. Early S-Types suffered from reliability problems but those were mostly resolved by the 2004 model year.<ref>Consumer Reports, Buying Guide 2007, 211.</ref>

The [[Jaguar X-Type]] was a compact [[Executive car#Compact executive cars|executive car]] launched in 2001, while the company was under Ford ownership, sharing its platform with the [[Ford Mondeo]]. X-Type production ended in 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |title=300 jobs lost at Jaguar's Halewood plant |date=15 July 2009 |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/jul/15/halewood-jaguar-300-jobs-cut |access-date=15 July 2009 | location=London | first=Graeme | last=Wearden}}</ref>

The [[Jaguar XK (X150)|Jaguar XK]] was a luxury [[grand tourer]] introduced in 2006, where it replaced the [[Jaguar XK (X100)|XK8]]. The XK introduced an aluminium monocoque bodyshell, and was available both as a two-door coupé and two-door [[cabriolet]]/[[Convertible (car)|convertible]].<ref name="carpages.co.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.carpages.co.uk/guide/jaguar/jaguar-xk-guide.asp|title=Jaguar XK Guide|access-date=16 May 2010|work=carpages.co.uk|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607235746/http://www.carpages.co.uk/guide/jaguar/jaguar-xk-guide.asp|archive-date=7 June 2011}}</ref> Production ceased in 2014.

[[File:Jaguar - Project 7 (9281137467).jpg|thumb|[[F-Type#Project 7|Project 7]], a limited edition sports car based on the F-Type]]
The [[Jaguar XJ (X351)|Jaguar XJ]] was a [[Full-size car|full-size]] luxury saloon. The model was in production since 1968, with production ceasing in 2019, with the first generation being the last Jaguar car to have creative input by the company's founder, [[William Lyons|Sir William Lyons]], although this is disputed as some Jaguar historians claim that the second generation XJ – the [[Jaguar XJ40|XJ40]] series  – was the last car which Lyons had influenced. The XJ40 originally launched in 1986 and went through two major revamps in 1994 ([[Jaguar X300|X300]]) and 1997 ([[Jaguar X308|X308]]) for a total production run of 17 years.

In early 2003, the third generation XJ – the [[Jaguar X350|X350]] – arrived in showrooms and while the car's exterior and interior styling were traditional in appearance, the car was completely re-engineered. Its styling attracted much criticism from many motoring journalists who claimed that the car looked old-fashioned and barely more modern than its predecessor, many even citing that the 'Lyons line' had been lost in the translation from XJ40 into X350 XJ, even though beneath the shell lay a highly advanced aluminium construction that put the XJ very near the top of its class.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.autocar.co.uk/jaguar/xj-series/ |title=Jaguar XJ Series |work=Autocars |access-date=19 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709094043/http://www.autocar.co.uk/jaguar/xj-series |archive-date=9 July 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[File:2020 Jaguar F-Type 575 coupe Auto Zuerich 2021 IMG 0180.jpg|left|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Jaguar F-Type]] R 575 coupe]]
Jaguar responded to the criticism with the introduction of the fourth generation XJ, launched in 2009. Its exterior styling is a departure from previous XJs, with a more youthful, contemporary stance, following the design shift that came into effect previously with the company's [[Jaguar XF|XF]] and [[Jaguar XK|XK]] models.<ref name="bbc_20090709">{{cite news |title=Changing face of Jaguar |date=9 July 2009 |work=BBC News|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/west_midlands/8140482.stm |access-date=15 July 2009 | first=Peter | last=Plisner}}</ref> The 5-litre V8 engine in the XJ Supersport can accelerate the car from {{convert|0|to(-)|60|mph|abbr=on}} in 4.7&nbsp;seconds, and has a UK {{CO2}} emission rating of 289&nbsp;g/km. To cater to the limousine market, all XJ models are offered with a [[wheelbase|longer wheelbase]] (LWB) as an option, which increases the rear legroom.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jaguar.co.uk/uk/en/xj/models_pricing/models/models.htm?route=_uk_en_xj_highlights_highlights_performance@__link__InfoBlockLink_3 |title=Jaguar XJ – models |publisher=Jaguar Cars Ltd. |access-date=19 June 2009 }}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
[[File:Jaguar Type 00 Front.jpg|thumb|The [[Jaguar Type 00]] from the front, on display at the Gaydon headquarters.]]
In 2024, Jaguar relaunched its brand with a new logo, motto and concept car. The revealed "Jaguar Type 00" at the Miami Art Show was controversial on both online reactions and wider media coverage.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaguar's concept car divides opinion |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czen5y97yjzo |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> The Jaguar Type 00 name (spoken as "zero-zero") draws inspiration from the iconic Jaguar Type series of the past, particularly the renowned E-Type, as well as other premium cars such as those from Bentley and [[Rolls-Royce Motor Cars|Rolls Royce]]. The first "zero" represents the car's zero-emissions electric powertrain, while the second "zero" is supposedly in reference to the beginning of an "whole new lineage of Jaguars".<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2024 |title=Jaguar Type 00 concept electric car: Latest pictures, news and all you need to know |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/cars/electric-vehicles/new-jaguar-electric-car-type-00-concept-b2659239.html |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> While only a concept car, it is the first Jaguar car to display the new logo and badge, and the company has stated that it is a representation the direction the company will go with its future design style.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JAGUAR UNVEILS TYPE 00. UNMISTAKABLE. UNEXPECTED. DRAMATIC. {{!}} Jaguar 2024 Media Newsroom |url=https://media.jaguar.com/news/2024/12/jaguar-unveils-type-00-unmistakable-unexpected-dramatic |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=media.jaguar.com}}</ref>

===List===
<div style="float:left;width:50%;">

====Large executive====
* 1935–1955 [[Jaguar Mark IV#SS Jaguar and Jaguar Mk IV 2½ Litre|{{frac|2|1|2}} litre saloon]]
* 1937–1948 [[Jaguar Mark IV#SS Jaguar and Jaguar Mk IV 3½ Litre|{{frac|3|1|2}} Litre saloon]]
* 1948–1951 [[Jaguar Mark V|Mark V]]
* 1951–1957 [[Jaguar Mark VII|Mark VII (& VIIM)]]
* 1957–1959 [[Jaguar Mark VIII|Mark VIII]]
* 1959–1961 [[Jaguar Mark IX|Mark IX]]
* 1961–1966 [[Jaguar Mark X|Mark X]]
* 1966–1970 [[Jaguar Mark X|420G]]
* 1968–1987 [[Jaguar XJ|XJ6]] Series 1, 2 & 3
* 1972–1992 [[Jaguar XJ|XJ12]]
* 1986–1994 [[Jaguar XJ (XJ40)|XJ6]] (XJ40)
* 1993–1994 [[Jaguar XJ|XJ12]] (XJ81)
* 1995–1997 [[Jaguar XJ (X300)|XJ6 & XJ12]] (X300 & X301)
* 1998–2003 [[Jaguar XJ (X308)|XJ8]] (X308)
* 2004–2007 [[Jaguar XJ (X350)|XJ]] (X350)
* 2008–2009 [[Jaguar XJ (X358)|XJ]] (X358)
* 2010–2019 [[Jaguar XJ (X351)|XJ]] (X351)

====Compact executive====
* 1935–1949 [[Jaguar Mark IV#SS Jaguar and Jaguar Mk IV 1½ Litre|{{frac|1|1|2}} Litre saloon]]
* 1955–1959 [[Jaguar Mark 1|Mark 1]]
* 1959–1967 [[Jaguar Mark 2|Mark 2]]
* 1963–1968 [[Jaguar S-Type (1963)|S-type]]
* 1966–1968 [[Jaguar 420 and Daimler Sovereign (1966–69)|420]]
* 1966–1968 [[Jaguar Mark 2|240 & 340]]
* 1999–2008 [[Jaguar S-Type (1999)|S-type]]
* 2001–2009 [[Jaguar X-Type|X-type]]
* 2007–2015 [[Jaguar XF (X250)|XF (X250)]]
* 2015–2024 [[Jaguar XF (X260)|XF (X260)]]
* 2015–2024 [[Jaguar XE|XE]]

</div><div style="float:right;width:50%;">

====Sports====
* 1948–1954 [[Jaguar XK120|XK120]]
* 1954–1957 [[Jaguar XK140|XK140]]
* 1957–1961 [[Jaguar XK150|XK150]]
* 1961–1974 [[Jaguar E-type|E-Type]]
* 1975–1996 [[Jaguar XJS|XJ-S]]
* 1992–1994 [[Jaguar XJ220|XJ220]]
* 1997–2006 [[Jaguar XK8|XK8/XKR]] (X100)
* 2006–2014 [[Jaguar XK|XK]] (X150)
* 2014–2024 [[Jaguar F-Type|F-Type]]

====Racing and competition====
* 1950s [[Jaguar C-Type|C-Type]]
* 1950s [[Jaguar D-type|D-Type]]
* 1960s [[Jaguar E-Type#Lightweight E-Type (1963–64, 2014–present)|E-Type Lightweight]]
* 1985–1992 [[Jaguar XJR Sportscars|XJR-5 through XJR-17]]
* 2009 [[Jaguar XF|XFR]] Bonneville Salt Flats speed record
* 2010 [[Rocketsports Racing|Jaguar RSR XKR GT2]]
</div>{{Clear}}

=== Global Sales ===

1988 -  &nbsp;&nbsp;49.494<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prokesch |first=Steven |date=29 October 1990 |title=INTERNATIONAL REPORT; Jaguar Battle at a Turning Point |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/29/business/international-report-jaguar-battle-at-a-turning-point.html |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><br>
1992 -  &nbsp;&nbsp;20.000<br>
1998 -  &nbsp;&nbsp;50.220<ref>{{Cite news |last=Buerkle |first=Tom |date=24 March 1999 |title=Ford Puts British Automaker on the High Road : Jaguar Comes Roaring Back |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/24/business/worldbusiness/IHT-ford-puts-british-automaker-on-the-high-road.html |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><br>
2008 -  &nbsp;&nbsp;65.000<ref>{{cite web | url=https://media.jaguar.com/news/2009/01/jaguar-records-annual-sales-boost-2008-0 | title=Jaguar Records Annual Sales Boost in 2008 &#124; Jaguar Media Newsroom }}</ref><br>
2012 -  &nbsp;&nbsp;54.000<br>
2013 -  &nbsp;&nbsp;77.000<br>
2014 -  &nbsp;&nbsp;81.570<br>
2015 -  &nbsp;&nbsp;83.986<br>
2016 - 148.730<br>
2017 - 178.601<br>
2018 - 180.198<br>
2019 - 161.601<br>
2020 - 102.494<br>
2021 -  &nbsp;&nbsp;86.270<br>
2022 -  &nbsp;&nbsp;61.661<ref>{{cite web | url=https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/318334/umfrage/jaguar-absatzmenge-weltweit/ | title=Jaguar - Absatzmenge weltweit 2022 }}</ref><br>
2023 -  &nbsp;&nbsp;64.241<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.best-selling-cars.com/brands/2023-full-year-global-jaguar-land-rover-worldwide-sale-by-model/?expand_article=1 | title=2023 (Full Year) Global: Jaguar Land Rover Worldwide Sale by Model - Car Sales Statistics }}</ref><br>

==Concept cars==
[[File:Silver jaguar c-x75.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Jaguar C-X75]] concept hybrid supercar produced in partnership with [[Williams Advanced Engineering]]]]
[[File:C-X17 Sports Crossover Concept Revealed (9708323035).jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Jaguar C-X17]], crossover SUV concept car]]
* [[Jaguar E-Type#E1A (1957)|E1A]] – The 1950s E-Type concept vehicle
* [[Jaguar E-Type#E2A (1960)|E2A]] – The second E-Type concept vehicle, which raced at LeMans and in the USA
* [[Jaguar XJ13|XJ13]] (1966) – Built to race at LeMans, never run
* [[Bertone Pirana|Pirana]] (1967) – Designed by Bertone
* Ascot (1977)
* [[Jaguar XK (X100)#XJ41/XJ42 concept (1986)|XJ41/XJ42]] (1982-1990) – the first F-Type; cancelled due to the Ford's takeover of Jaguar<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aronline.co.uk/cars/jaguar/xj40/concepts-and-prototypes-jaguar-xj4142/|title=Concepts and prototypes : Jaguar XJ41/XJ42 (1982-1990)|website=AROnline|date=19 March 2021}}</ref>
* XJ90 (1988-1991) – planned XJ40 replacement; cancelled due to Ford's takeover of Jaguar<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aronline.co.uk/concepts-and-prototypes/jaguar-xj90/|title=Jaguar XJ90 : the missing 1990s XJ finally breaks cover|website=AROnline|date=17 July 2022}}</ref>
* [[Jaguar Kensington|Kensington]] (1990)
* [[Jaguar XK 180|XK 180]] (1998) – Roadster concept based on the XK8
* [[Jaguar F-Type#F-Type concept (2000)|F-Type]] (2000) – Roadster, similar to the XK8 but smaller
* [[Jaguar R-Coupe|R-Coupé]] (2001) – Large four-seater coupé
* Fuore XF 10 (2003)
* [[Jaguar R-D6|R-D6]] (2003) – Compact four-seat coupé
* [[Jaguar XK (X100)#XKR-R concept|XKR-R]] (2001) – A high-performance version of the first generation [[Jaguar XK|XK]] coupé
* XK-RS (2004) – Another performance-spec version of the first generation [[Jaguar XK|XK]] convertible
* Concept Eight (2004) – Super-luxury version of the long-wheelbase model of the [[Jaguar XJ|XJ]]
* [[Jaguar Advanced Lightweight Coupe Concept|Advanced Lightweight Coupe Concept]] (2005) – Previewed the second generation [[Jaguar XK (X150)|Jaguar XK]]
* [[Jaguar C-XF|C-XF]] (2007) – Precursor to the production model [[Jaguar XF|XF]] saloon
* [[Jaguar C-X75|C-X75]] (2010) – Hybrid-electric sports car, originally intended for production but cancelled in 2012
* [[Jaguar B99|B99]] (2011)
* [[Jaguar C-X16|C-X16]] (2011) – Precursor to the production model [[Jaguar F-Type|F-Type]]
* [[Jaguar C-X17|C-X17]] (2013) – First ever Jaguar [[SUV]] concept
* [[Jaguar F-Type#Project 7|Project 7]] – a 542&nbsp;bhp V8-powered speedster based on the [[Jaguar F-Type|F-Type]] and inspired by the [[Jaguar D-Type|D-Type]] (2013)<ref>[http://www.topgear.com/uk/car-news/jagaur-project-7-revealed-goodwood-festival-of-speed-2013-07-10 BBC Top Gear.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130713050042/http://www.topgear.com/uk/car-news/jagaur-project-7-revealed-goodwood-festival-of-speed-2013-07-10 |date=13 July 2013 }}. Retrieved 10 July 2013.</ref>
* Future-Type (2017)
* [[Jaguar Vision Gran Turismo SV]] is a concept car produced by Jaguar as part of the Vision Gran Turismo project series in 2020. It was featured as a playable car in the Gran Turismo 7 video game.
* [[Jaguar Type 00]] is a concept car introduced at Miami Art Week in December 2024, with no plans for production.

==Engines==
Jaguar has designed in-house six generations of engines:
* Historic:
** [[Jaguar XK6 engine|XK6]] – [[Straight-six engine|L6]]
** [[Jaguar V12 engine|V12]] – 60° [[V12 engine|V12]]
** [[Jaguar AJ6 engine|AJ6/AJ16]] – 22° [[Straight-six engine|Inline-6]]
** [[Jaguar AJ-V6 engine|AJ-V6]] – 60° [[V6]] (Ford designed, Jaguar modified)
* Current:
** [[Jaguar AJ-V8 engine|AJ-V8]] – 90° [[V8 engine|V8]]
** [[Jaguar AJ-V8 engine#AJ126|AJ126]] – 90° [[V6]]
** [[Jaguar AJD-V6 engine|AJD-V6]] – 60° V6 (Ford designed)
** [[Ingenium engine family|Ingenium]] – [[Straight-four engine|Inline-4]]

==Motorsport==
{{see also|Jaguar Racing|Jaguar XJR Sportscars}}
[[File:1984 Jaguar XJS BTCC (52877487050).jpg|thumb| The [[Jaguar XJS]] won the 1984 [[European Touring Car Championship]]]]
[[File:Jaguar XJR-9 LM front-left Heritage Motor Centre, Gaydon.jpg|thumb|[[Jaguar XJR-9]] - Le Mans winning car, 1988 ]]
[[File:Webber usgp 2004.jpg|thumb|The [[Jaguar R5]] [[Formula One]] car being driven by [[Mark Webber (racing driver)|Mark Webber]] in 2004—the team's last season in [[F1]]]]
[[File:2023-04-21 Motorsport, ABB FIA Formula E World Championship, Berlin E-Prix 2023 1DX 0681 by Stepro.jpg|thumb|Jaguar Racing - [[Formula E]] World Championship, 2023 ]]

Jaguar has had major success in [[sports car racing]], particularly in the [[Le Mans 24 Hours]]. Victories came in {{24hLM|1951}} and {{24hLM|1953}} with the [[Jaguar C-Type|C-Type]], then in {{24hLM|1955}}, {{24hLM|1956}} and {{24hLM|1957}} with the [[Jaguar D-Type|D-Type]]. The manager of the racing team during this period, [[Lofty England]], later became CEO of Jaguar in the early 1970s. Although the prototype [[Jaguar XJ13|XJ13]] was built in the mid-1960s it was never raced, and the famous race was then left for many years.

In 1982, a successful relationship with [[Tom Walkinshaw Racing]] commenced with the [[Jaguar XJ-S|XJ-S]] competing in the [[European Touring Car Championship]], which it won in 1984.<ref>{{cite web|title=Double loss for motor sport|url=http://www.motorsportmagazine.com/f1/double-loss-for-motor-sport/|work=Motor Sport|access-date=21 April 2014|date=16 December 2010}}</ref> A TWR XJ-S won the [[1985 Bathurst 1000]]. In the mid-1980s TWR started designing and preparing Jaguar V12-engined [[Group C]] cars for [[World Sports Prototype Championship]] races. The team started winning regularly from 1987, and won Le Mans in [[1988 24 Hours of Le Mans|1988]] and [[1990 24 Hours of Le Mans|1990]] with the [[Jaguar XJR Sportscars|XJR]] series sports cars. The [[Jaguar XJR-14]] was the last of the XJRs to win, taking the 1991 [[World Sportscar Championship]].

In 1999, Ford decided that Jaguar would be the corporation's [[Formula One]] entry. Ford bought out the [[Milton Keynes]]-based [[Stewart Grand Prix]] team and rebranded it as [[Jaguar Racing]] for the 2000 season. The Jaguar F1 program was not a success however, achieving only two podium finishes in five seasons of competition between {{F1|2000}} and {{F1|2004}}. At the end of 2004, with costs mounting and Ford's profits dwindling, the F1 team was seen as an unneeded expense and was sold to [[Red Bull]]  and rebranded [[Red Bull Racing]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Red Bull snaps up Jaguar F1 team|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/4012381.stm|work=BBC News|access-date=21 April 2014|date=15 November 2004}}</ref>

On 15 December 2015, it was announced that Jaguar would return to motorsport for the third season of [[Formula E]].

On 15 June 2018, Jaguar Vector Racing broke the world speed record for an electric battery powered boat. The Jaguar Vector V20E recorded an average speed of 88.61&nbsp;mph across the two legs of the 1&nbsp;km course on Coniston Water, England.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://jaguarvectorracing.com/2018/06/15/jaguar-vector-racing-break-maritime-electric-world-record/|title=Jaguar Vector Racing Break Maritime Electric World Record {{!}} Jaguar Vector Racing|date=15 June 2018|work=Jaguar Vector Racing|access-date=16 June 2018}}</ref>

Jaguar has committed to [[Formula E]] until 2030. As of July 2024, Jaguar has recorded 16 wins in Formula E, one Teams' Championship and one Manufacturers' Trophy. Also the team's powertrain allowed customer outfit [[Envision Racing|Envision]] to claim the teams' title in the 2022-23 season.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/formula-e/news/jaguar-commits-to-formula-e-until-2030/|date=26 April 2024|title=Jaguar commits to Formula E until 2030|publisher=Autosport}}</ref>

Notable sports racers:
* [[Jaguar C-Type]] (1951–1953)
* [[Jaguar D-Type]] (1954–1957)
* [[Jaguar E-Type|Jaguar Lightweight E-Type]]
* [[Jaguar XJ13]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xj13.eu/xj13blog/|title=Jaguar XJ13 – Building the Legend|date=14 June 2013|access-date=14 June 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130614033237/http://www.xj13.eu/xj13blog/|archive-date=14 June 2013}}</ref>
* [[Jaguar XJR Sportscars]]
* [[Jaguar XJR-9]] (1988)
* [[Jaguar XJ220|XJ220]] (1988)
* [[Jaguar XJR-15|XJR-15]] (1990)

==See also==
* [[List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom]]
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

{{Jaguar vehicles timeline (classic)}}
{{Jaguar modern timeline 1980–2019}}
{{Jaguar modern timeline 2020 to date}}
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