View source for Jacques Singer

{{short description|American conductor (1910–1980)}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix   =
| name               = Jacques Singer
| honorific_suffix   =
| image              = <!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] -->
| image_upright =
| image_size         =
| alt                =
| caption            =
| birth_name         = Jakob Singer
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1910|05|09|mf=yes}}
| birth_place        = [[Przemyśl]], [[Poland]]
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|1980|08|11|1910|05|09|mf=yes}}
| death_place        = [[Manhattan]], New York, U.S.
| death_cause        =
| education          = [[Curtis Institute of Music|Curtis]]<br />[[Juilliard]]
| occupation         = Violinist<br />Orchestra conductor<br />University music educator
| years_active       = 1925–1980
| employer           = As violinist<div style="margin-left:2em">[[Philadelphia Orchestra]]</div>As conductor<div style="margin-left:2em">[[Dallas Symphony]]<br />[[Vancouver Symphony]]<br />Corpus Christi Symphony<br />[[Oregon Symphony]]</div>As educator<div style="margin-left:2em">[[Northern Illinois University]]</div>
| spouse             = Leslie Wright
| children           = 5 (1 deceased), including [[Marc Singer]] and [[Lori Singer]]
}}

'''Jacques Singer''' (May 9, 1910 – August 11, 1980) was an American virtuoso violinist, symphony orchestra conductor, and music educator who flourished from about 1925 until a few months before his death in 1980.<ref name="Baker's Bio Dict"/><ref name="Bio Index"/><ref name="WWW in AM. 1973"/><ref name="WWIA"/><ref name="Stern"/>
{{TOC limit|2}}

==Career==
===Education===
Jakob Singer was born in [[Przemyśl]], [[Austria-Hungary]] (present-day [[Poland]]). He trained in the violin from an early age. He began to give concerts in Poland at age seven. In 1920, his family moved to the [[United States]], settling in [[Jersey City]].<ref name="WWIA"/> Before making any sort of official American debut, Singer, as a teenager, had been playing recitals, in one case, at a [[Columbia University]] student social gathering at Earl Hall.<ref name="Chinese-Students-Monthly 1924 Apr"/>

In 1923, Singer became a scholarship violin student of [[Leopold Auer]] and his associate, Jacob Mestechkin (1880–1953).<ref name="Jersey-Journal 1925 Mar 9" group=lower-roman/><ref name="Weekly-People 1925 May 2" group=lower-roman/> He made his American debut in [[New York City|New York]] the evening of February 11, 1925 at [[The Town Hall (New York City)|Town Hall]] performing (in solo) Bach's [[List of chamber music works by Johann Sebastian Bach#Other works for accompanied violin (BWV 1020–1026)|G-minor Fugue]];<ref name="Bach-Fugue-BWV 1026" group=lower-alpha/> then with pianist {{ill|Siegfried Schultze|fr}}, [[Niccolò Paganini|Paganini]]'s [[Violin Concerto No. 1 (Paganini)|D major concerto]]; then with Schultze and violinist Jacob Mestechkin (his teacher), [[Christian Sinding]]'s Serenade for two violins and piano.<ref name="NYTs 1925 Feb 12" group=lower-roman/><ref name="NYSun? 1925 Feb 12" group=lower-roman />

Singer attended the [[Curtis Institute of Music]] on a scholarship in 1926<ref name="PhillyInquirer 1925 Sep 30" group=lower-roman/>  – in the third year after the institute was founded. While there, he studied with [[Carl Flesch]]. Curtis did not issue diplomas during its first ten years. Singer was in "The Students' Orchestra for Curtis" 1926–1927 season. [[Leopold Stokowski]] was conductor.<ref name="Curtis-Recital-Programs 1925-1926"/>

Singer began attending the [[Juilliard School]] in 1927, studying with [[Leopold Auer]], [[Paul Kochanski]], and [[Rubin Goldmark]]. Singer was also a violinist with the Juilliard Graduate School String Orchestra; [[Albert Stoessel]] was the conductor.<ref name="Scarsdale-Inquirer 1928 Dec 14" group=lower-roman/> Singer graduated from Juilliard in 1930.

===Philadelphia Orchestra===
While at Juilliard, Singer became a violinist with the [[Philadelphia Orchestra]] at age eighteen, their youngest member at the time. [[Leopold Stokowski]] took an interest in him and requested he conduct a contemporary piece at one of the rehearsals in 1935.<ref name="NYTs 2006 Dec 3" group=lower-roman /><ref name="NYTs 1937 Dec 12" group=lower-roman />{{citation needed|date=October 2017}}

From watching Stokowski, he picked up several of the maestro's practices: conducting without baton (or score at times), making instructional comments to an audience, and stopping performances during disturbances. These he employed as conductor of the orchestra's youth orchestra in 1936.<ref name="OregonHistoricalQuarterly 2008 Spr"/>

==== Philadelphia Youth Orchestra ====
In 1936, Singer reorganized and began conducting the Philadelphia Youth Orchestra. The orchestra had been founded in 1934 by [[Leopold Stokowski|Stokowski]] and, before Singer, was conducted by [[Sylvan Levin]].  The orchestra, at that time, was composed of musicians from ages 13 to 25.<ref name="NYTs 1936 Nov 6" group=lower-roman />

===Dallas Symphony: 1938–1942===
With a recommendation from Stokowski,<ref name="NYTs 1937 Dec 8" group=lower-roman/> Singer made his conducting debut with the [[Dallas Symphony Orchestra]] on February 1, 1938. He remained with that orchestra until 1942. Audience reaction to his style and personality was positive, the symphony budget doubled, and subscriptions tripled. While there, as reported by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine, Singer became engaged in a feud with critic John ("Rosy") Rosenfield (born Max John Rosenfield Jr.; 1900–1966) of ''[[The Dallas Morning News]]''.<ref name="Time 1950 Dec 4"/><ref name="SWReview 1951 Spr"/>

Rosenfield lauded Singer early on, but soon turned against him. {{clarify|date=October 2017}} {{Why|date=October 2017}} Singer became angry enough to print handbills and make speeches defending himself during concert intermissions.<ref name="Time 1950 Dec 4"/>

In spring 1951, Rosenfield published an article in the ''[[Southwest Review]]'' refuting that a feud transpired, or, rather, that ''Time'''s depiction of his criticism was, on balance, overblown, considering the critical acclaim on Singer that he published in ''The Dallas Morning News.''<ref name="SWReview 1951 Spr"/>

===World War II===
By the 1942–43 season, most of the Dallas Symphony Orchestra's musicians were enlisted in the armed services.<ref name="DMN 1942 Sep 23" group=lower-roman/>

During [[World War II]] Singer served as a private in the U.S. Army. He saw active service and received three [[Service star|battle stars]] for New Guinea, Bataan, and Corregidor. He conducted army band concerts, including the first concert given after the liberation of Corregidor.<ref name="DMN 1945 Jul 9" group=lower-roman/><ref name="Reader's-Digest May 1946"/>

===New Orleans Summer Concerts: 1946===
In 1946, he conducted 28 concerts in eight weeks for the summer New Orleans Pops Concerts.<ref name="Times-Picayune 1946 Aug 3" group=lower-roman/>

===Vancouver Symphony: 1947–1951===
A guest conducting engagement with the [[Vancouver Symphony Orchestra]] led to his appointment as a conductor of that orchestra from 1947 to 1951. Singer, an advocate of contemporary music<ref name="NYTs 1948 Sep 5" group=lower-roman/> by established and emerging composers has been chronicled favorably by musicologists for programing works, including a March 1948 performance by the VSO of [[Walter Piston]]'s ''Prelude and Fugue for Orchestra,'' commissioned in 1934 by the [[League of Composers]].<ref name="Thomas 1991"/>

The First Symposium of Canadian Contemporary Music was held in [[Vancouver]] March 12–15, 1950, at the [[Hotel Vancouver]] and the [[Denman Auditorium]] under the sponsorship of the Vancouver Symphony Society and the Community Arts Council of Vancouver. Singer was the initiator and music director of the Symposium. Alec Walton was chairman of the symposium. The event featured four days of performances of works by 33 Canadian composers, including:
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Violet Archer]]
* Leonard Edwin Basham ''(pseudonym'' Robert Lenard Barclay; 1918–1980)
* [[John Beckwith (composer)|John Beckwith]]
* Richard Tom Bevan (1894–1965)
* [[Howard Cable]]
* Edwin Alec Collins (born 1893)
* [[Robert Fleming (composer)|Robert Fleming]]
* [[Harry Freedman]]
* [[Ernest MacMillan]]
* Paul Alexander de Marky (1897–1982)
* [[Oskar Morawetz]]
* [[Bernard Naylor]] [[:de:Bernard Naylor|(de)]] (1907–1986)
* [[Charles O'Neill (musician)|Charles O'Neill]]
* [[Kenneth Peacock]]
* [[Barbara Pentland]]
* [[Clermont Pépin]]
* [[Godfrey Ridout]]
* [[Harry Somers]]
* Andrew Twa (1919–2009)
* [[Alfred Whitehead]]
* [[Healey Willan]]
{{div col end}}
The Symposium concluded with a panel discussion on Canadian music moderated by Alec Walton, a young banker and brother of composer [[William Walton]]. The panelist included Singer, [[Barbara Pentland]], [[Eugène Lapierre]], Dorothy Cadzow (1916–2001), [[Charles O'Neill (musician)|Charles O'Neill]], Zilba Georgieva (soprano), [[John Weinzweig]], and [[Harry Adaskin]].<ref name="CanadianEncy-Symposium"/><ref name="DMN 1950 Apr 16" group=lower-roman/><ref name="SaturdayNight 1950 Apr 11"/><ref name="Musical-Courier 1950"/><ref name="Symposium-programme 1950"/>  Attended by 1,500, the Symposium was the only venture of its kind on record for Canada and stood as the largest festival of Canadian music until [[Expo '67]].<ref name="Canadian-Press 2013 Mar 1" group=lower-roman/>

There are differing explations for Singer's departure from the VSO – one being that he resigned from the symphony over a disagreement with the board over the $19,000 budget deficit (the board wanted a shortened season). Another explanation, offered by [[musicologist]] [[Elaine Keillor]], was that the VSO fired Singer over circumstances directly linked to his promotion of contemporary music.<ref name="Keillor 2006"/>

===Selected performances===
American composer [[David Diamond (composer)|David Diamond]]'s Violin Concerto No. 2 was premiered on February 29, 1948, by Dorotha Powers, with Singer conducting the VSO. Difficulties with the estate of Arthur W. Percival, Dorotha Powers' husband, prevented further performances of the work for the next 43 years – until May 6, 1991 – when [[Gerard Schwarz]] arranged for its second performance, billed as a U.S. première. Percival commissioned the work for his wife through an arrangement with conductor [[Artur Rodzinski]].

On November 27, 1948, Singer, conducting the VSO, premiered [[Wallingford Riegger]]'s "Evocation."<ref name="Goldman 1950"/>

===British Columbia Philharmonic: 1951===
Singer next founded a rival orchestra, the British Columbia Philharmonic.<ref name="OregonHistoricalQuarterly 2008 Spr"/><ref name="Swoboda 1967"/><ref name="CanadianJournal 1950"/><ref name="SaturdayNight 1950 Aug 15"/> At the first concert, Victoria Symphony Orchestra's conductor [[Hans Gruber (conductor)|Hans Gruber]] called the orchestra unprepared and the chorus incompetent, referring to a performance of [[Beethoven]]'s [[Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)|Symphony No. 9]].<ref name="Nanaimo Daily News 1951 Jul 16" group=lower-roman/>

===Broadway: 1951–1952===
On [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]], from December 19, 1951, through April 13, 1952, at the old [[Ziegfeld Theatre (1927)|Ziegfeld Theatre]], Singer conducted a production of two Cleopatras, consisting of two plays presented with live music on alternating nights for 133 performances; the first for 67 performances – [[George Bernard Shaw]]'s ''[[Caesar and Cleopatra (play)|Caesar and Cleopatra]]''; and the second for 66 performances – [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]'s ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]''.<ref name="Brantley 2001"/><ref name="Oregonian 2011 Aug 6" group=lower-roman/><ref name="NYTs 1951 Dec 20" group=lower-roman/> Both plays starred [[Vivien Leigh]] and [[Laurence Olivier]]. The music was composed by [[Herbert Menges]].  [[Igor Stravinsky]], who reportedly attended on opening night, remarked that the [[pit orchestra]] sounded like a symphony.<ref name="DMN 1951 Dec 22" group=lower-roman/><ref name="Antony-and-Cleopatra-program 1951"/>

===Israel: 1952===
In 1952, Singer guest-conducted the [[Israel Philharmonic]], the [[Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra|Jerusalem Radio Orchestra]], and the [[Haifa Symphony]] [[:he:התזמורת הסימפונית חיפה|(he)]]. This included the first concert in [[Nazareth]] for the Haifa Symphony.<ref name="NYTs 1953 May 11" group=lower-roman/><ref name="Corpus-Christi-Caller-Times 1954 Jun 6" group=lower-roman/>

===Corpus Christi Symphony Orchestra: 1954–1962===
The [[Corpus Christi, Texas|Corpus Christi Symphony Orchestra]] was established in 1945 by C. Burdette "Bud" Wolfe (1904–1974), who became its first conductor; Rabbi Sidney Abraham Wolf (1906–1983); and six others. Nine years after its founding, Singer became the conductor, conducting his first concert on October 18, 1954.<ref name="Corpus-Christi-Caller-Times 1954 Oct 19" group=lower-roman/> As a marker for the scope of the CCSO, its 1956–1957 budget was $53,000.<ref name="Corpus-Christi-Caller-Times 1954 Oct 10" group=lower-roman/> Singer served as conductor there from 1954 to 1962.<ref name="Oregonian 2011 Aug 6" group=lower-roman/>

====Guest conducting====
On March 25, 1956, Singer guest-conducted the closing season concert of the [[Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra]], to critical acclaim.<ref name="Indianapolis-News 1956 Mar 16" group=lower-roman/>

On January 26, 1958, Singer guest conducted the [[Havana Philharmonic Orchestra]] [[:ru:Филармонический оркестр Гаваны|(ru)]] (Orquesta Filarmónica de la Habana), performing [[Paul Csonka]]'s Violin Concerto No. 2.  The  violin soloist, [[Ángel Reyes]], was, at the time, on the faculty at the [[Northwestern University]] [[Bienen School of Music|School of Music]].  The orchestra, with Singer conducting, also performed [[Jean Sibelius|Sibelius]]' [[Symphony No. 1 (Sibelius)|Symphony No. 1]] and works by [[Ernest Chausson|Chausson]].

Beginning around April 1958, Singer, as visiting conductor, led the [[Buenos Aires Philharmonic]] at the [[Teatro Colón|Colon Theater]] in [[Argentina]]. Reviews of a concert on June 22, 1958, by two Buenos Aires newspapers, ''[[Diario Democracia|Democracia]]'' and ''[[La Prensa (Buenos Aires)|La Prensa]]'' lauded Singer's artistic accomplishments (after working two months with the orchestra). One critic referred to Singer as a miracle worker.<ref name="NYTs 1958 Jun 2" group=lower-roman/><ref name="Corpus-Christi-Caller-Times 1958 Jun 24" group=lower-roman/><ref name="NYTs 1958 Jun 24" group=lower-roman/>

In 1961, Singer spent a month with the [[Venezuela Symphony Orchestra]], culminating in 4 concerts, the first on April 29. The concerts received critical acclaim.<ref name="NYTs 1961 Apr 30" group=lower-roman/>

===Oregon Symphony: 1962–1972===
Singer debuted with the [[Oregon Symphony]] – then the Portland Symphony Orchestra – as a guest conductor in February 1962. Critics gave Singer favorable reviews. Martin Clark (born Martin Hooper Clark; 1920–1983) of the ''[[Oregon Journal]]'', wrote, "Never has the orchestra been more responsive to a baton."<ref name="Oregon-Journal 1962 Feb 20" group=lower-roman/><ref name="Oregonian 1962 Aug 26" group=lower-roman/><ref name="Corpus-Christi-Caller-Times 1962 Mar 8" group=lower-roman/>

Singer had signed on with Corpus Christi for an additional three years when he was hired as the permanent conductor and music director of the Oregon Symphony in April 1962.<ref name="Oregonian 1962 Apr 13" group=lower-roman/>  He served there from 1962 to 1972. In his first season (1962–63), the orchestra performed 47 weeks of concerts – the second most by an orchestra of its size in the United States. Singer changed the scope of the orchestra. Specifically, under Singer, the musicians secured full-time contracts, the orchestra began a series of tours throughout the state of [[Oregon]], and in 1967, the name changed from the Portland Symphany Orchestra to the Oregon Symphony Orchestra.<ref name="OregonHistoricalQuarterly 2008 Spr"/>

Early in his tenure, Singer requested the concertmaster's violin to demonstrate a passage. [[Tuba]]ist John Richards ''(né'' John Keil Richards; 1918–2011)<ref name="Oregonian 2011 Aug 6" group=lower-roman/> recounted the incident: "He tucked it under his chin and played four or five bars to show what he wanted. The rest of the string section sat openmouthed at how well he could play."<ref name="OregonHistoricalQuarterly 2008 Spr" />

Singer proved to be a temperamental conductor there as recounted by a violinist in ''[[The Oregonian]]''.  In rehearsal one day, Singer told the [[tuba]]ist John Richards, "I can't hear you". On the next run-through, Richards blasted the note louder. "Still can't hear you", said Singer. The next time, Richards blew the tuba with both lungs. "I still can't hear you", said Singer. Richards was getting angry by now, but Singer chose this moment to tie a white handkerchief onto his baton with which he waved a flag of surrender.<ref name="Oregonian 1999 Jun 9" group=lower-roman/>

Singer, throughout his career, was an exponent of new music from established and emerging composers, which, in programming, he had to carefully balance, particularly with orchestras whose benefactors and patrons yearned for the [[Classical music|classics]]. Singer, with the [[Oregon Symphony]], performed many contemporary works that won favorable reviews, including a 1969 performance of [[Paul Creston]]'s [[tone poem]], ''Corinthians XIII'', Op. 82, composed in 1963.<ref name="Slomski 1994"/>

{{quote|It is difficult, even with the best verbalization of the composer's concept, to persuade a listener to recognize and respond to such expressed thoughts. But here is a case in which, without any extraneous suggestion, one has come upon an orchestral work of remarkable beauty. ''Corinthians XIII'' is melodically rich, rhythmically intensive, fluid and engrossing in its instrumental movement, fascinating in its counter themes and harmonic diversity.|Hilmar Birger Grondahl, ''[[The Oregonian]]'', 1969<ref name="Oregonian 1969 Oct 7" group=lower-roman/>}}

Singer ultimately left the orchestra he had built, over a controversy that divided the organization. His attempt to bring in a new [[concertmaster]] led to a stand-off between the union and the artistic freedom of a conductor. The concertmaster that Singer wanted replaced – Hugh Winchester Ewart (1924–2017), who had held the position since 1950 – was, in 1973, pressured to surrender his chair, and he declined a demotion offer to become associate concertmaster. Soon thereafter, still in 1973, a new concertmaster, Michael Foxman, was appointed. The upshot of Singer's exit related to disagreements over artistic freedom and a rift with some of the musicians. Singer believed in artistry over rules and regulations. Quality, reportedly, ruled his artistic domain.<ref name="Oregonian 1971 Oct 30" group=lower-roman/><ref name="Oregonian 1971 Dec 26" group=lower-roman/>{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}} His contract with the Oregon Symphony extended through April 1973, though he did not conduct during the 1972–73 season.<ref name="Oregonian 1972 Aug 9" group=lower-roman/>

====Selected performances====
{{Div col|colwidth=100em}}
{{Ordered list|
March 18, 1963<br />
[[Robert Russell Bennett]], composer<br />
Concerto for Violin, Piano, and Orchestra, [[première|premiere]]<ref name="Hawkins 1989"/><br />
[[Benno Rabinof and Sylvia Rabinof|Benno and Sylvia Rabinof]], soloists}}
{{div col end}}

====Guest conducting====
On September 24, 1962, before starting as Artistic Director of the [[Oregon Symphony]], Singer made his London debut conducting the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra|London Philharmonic]] at [[Royal Festival Hall]], which included guest pianist [[Rudolf Firkušný]].  The performance won Singer and Firkušný eight curtain calls and a music critic from London's ''[[The Daily Telegraph|Daily Telegraph]]'' declared it a "personal triumph" for Singer.<ref name="Oregonian 1962 Oct 14" group=lower-roman/>

On December 8, 1964, Singer flew from Portland to New York to conduct members of [[American Symphony Orchestra]] at [[Lincoln Center]]'s [[David Geffen Hall|Philharmic Hall]] in a program that featured violinist [[Ruggiero Ricci]] performing his third of four concerts in a span of 30 days under a different conductor each time, showcasing great masterpieces of violin concerto repertoire – 15 concertos in all:<ref name="NYPost 1964 Nov 6" group=lower-roman /><ref name="Oregonian 1964 Dec 6" group=lower-roman />
{{Div col|colwidth=100em}}
{{Ordered list|
December 8, 1964, Jacques Singer, conductor<br />
Paganini [[Violin Concerto No. 1 (Paganini)|Violin Concerto No. 1]]<br />
Stravinsky [[Violin Concerto (Stravinsky)|Violin Concerto]]<br />
Brahms [[Violin Concerto (Brahms)|Violin Concerto]]}}
{{div col end}}
[[Ruggiero Ricci|Ricci]], November 8 and 9, 1965, reunited with Singer in [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], with the [[Oregon Symphony]], and performed the [[Violin Concerto No. 1 (Paganini)|Paganini]], [[Violin Concerto (Stravinsky)|Stravinsky]], and [[Violin Concerto (Brahms)|Brahms]] concertos.<ref name="Oregonian 1965 Aug 22" group=lower-roman />

On April 17, 1970, Singer debuted with the [[Royal Philharmonic Orchestra]] at [[Royal Festival Hall]] as guest conductor of a program that included a London debut of a piano concerto by [[Richard Yardumian]], performed by Jeffrey Siegel.<ref name="Guardian 1970 Apr 17" group=lower-roman/>

On January 11, 1972, Singer conducted the [[Honolulu Symphony]] featuring pianist [[John Browning (pianist)|John Browning]]. In early June 1972, Singer conducted the [[Orchestre de la Suisse Romande]] in [[Geneva]], to critical acclaim, featuring works of [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]], [[Sergei Prokofiev|Prokofiev]], and [[Sergei Rachmaninoff|Rachmaninoff]] (''[[Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini]]'', Giuseppe La Licata at the piano).<ref name="Oregonian 1972 Jun 18" group=lower-roman /> The concert was broadcast countrywide.<ref name="Oregonian 1972 Jun 18" group=lower-roman/>

On June 18, 1972, and again on January 18 & 21, 1973, he guest-conducted the [[Venezuela Symphony Orchestra]]. The June 18 concert included the [[Venezuela]] premier of [[Dmitri Shostakovich|Shostakovich]]'s [[Symphony No. 12 (Shostakovich)|Symphony No. 12]].<ref name="Oregonian 1972 Jul 2" group=lower-roman/>

===Naumburg Orchestral Concerts in Central Park: 1974–1979===
Singer moved to New York. During those years, part-time, he conducted the [[Naumburg Orchestral Concerts]] for six summer seasons (1974–79), in the Naumburg Bandshell, Central Park, in the summer series. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Notable Events and Performers |url=https://naumburgconcerts.org/notable-events-and-performers |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=Naumburg Orchestral Concerts |language=en-US}}</ref>

====Programs====
{{Div col|colwidth=50em}}
{{Ordered list
|July 4, 1974, 7:30 {{smallcaps|p.m.}}<br />
Robert Sylvester, cello soloist<br />
[[Schubert]]<br />
[[Victor Herbert|Herbert]]<br />
[[Antonín Dvořák|Dvořák]]

|August 3, 1975, 5 to 7:30 {{smallcaps|p.m.}}<br />
[[Leslie Parnas|Leslie N. Parnas]], cello soloist

|August 1, 1976, 5 to 7:30 {{smallcaps|p.m.}}, broadcast on [[WNYC-FM]]<br />
Yong Uck Kim (born 1947)  violin soloist<br />
[[Camille Saint-Saëns|Saint-Saëns]], [[Violin Concerto No. 3 (Saint-Saëns)|Violin Concerto No. 3 in B Minor]]<br />
[[Ben Franklin]], ''Ben Franklin Suite'', arranged by [[Alan Shulman]]<br />
[[Mozart]], [[Symphony No. 41 (Mozart)|Symphony No. 41]], the ''[[Jupiter Symphony]]''

|July 31, 1977, 5 to 7:30 {{smallcaps|p.m.}}, broadcast on [[WNYC-FM]]<br />
Hamao Fujiwara (born 1947), violin soloist<br />
[[Rossini]], "Overture": ''[[La gazza ladra]]''<br />
Gid Waldrop, "Rancher's whistling Song," ''From the Southwest'' (suite)<br />
''[[Alexander Glazounov|Glazounov]], [[Violin Concerto (Glazunov)|Concerto in A Minor]],'' Op. 82<br />
[[Camille Saint-Saëns|Saint-Saëns]], ''[[Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso]],'' Op. 28<br />
[[Dvorák]], [[Symphony No. 8 (Dvořák)|Symphony No. 8 in G Major]], Op. 88<br />
(Gideon William Waldrop Jr.; 1917–2000, was, among other things, Dean of the [[Juilliard School]] from 1963 to 1986 and President of the [[Manhattan School of Music]] from 1986 to 1989)

|July 30, 1978, 5 to 7:30 {{smallcaps|p.m.}}<br />
[[Leslie Parnas|Leslie N. Parnas]], cello soloist<br />
[[Leonard Bernstein|Bernstein]], [[Candide (operetta)#Overture|Overture]], from ''[[Candide (operetta)|Candide]]''<br />
[[Beethoven]], [[Symphony No. 7 (Beethoven)|Symphony No. 7 in A Major]]<br />
[[Haydn]], [[Cello Concerto No. 2 (Haydn)|Cello Concerto in D Major]]<br />
[[Rimsky-Korsakov]], ''[[Capriccio Espagnol]],'' Op. 34

|August 2, 1979,  8:00 {{smallcaps|p.m.}}, broadcast on [[WNYC-FM]]<br />
[[Joseph Fuchs]], violin soloist<br />
[[Beethoven]], [[Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)|Symphony No. 5]]<br />
[[Mendelssohn]], [[Violin Concerto (Mendelssohn)|Violin Concerto]]<br />
[[Shostakovich]], [[Festive Overture (Shostakovich)|Festival Overture]]}}
{{div col end}}

===Northern Illinois University: 1977–1980===
Singer became an artist in residence at [[Northern Illinois University]], and from 1977 until shortly before his death in 1980, he conducted the Northern Illinois University Philharmonic.  Singer's wife, Leslie, an accomplished pianist, left the [[Juilliard]] staff 1978 to take over the piano classes of Reynolds Whitney (1919–1978), a member of the NIU music faculty since 1948 who died January 2, 1978.<ref name="Daily-Chonicle 1978 Jan 4" group=lower-roman /><ref name="Daily-Chonicle 1977 Apr 7" group=lower-roman />

====Guest conducting====
In 1974, Jacques Singer guest-conducted the Cosmopolitan Symphony, a New York City youth orchestra founded in 1963.<ref name="NYTs 1974 Dec 15" group=lower-roman/> He enjoyed encouraging young artists, and delighted in guest conducting rehearsals or concerts of the New York conservatories, which included those of [[Juilliard]] and the [[Manhattan School of Music]], as well as high school musicians, which included his daughter [[Lori Singer|Lori]].<ref name="OregonHistoricalQuarterly 2008 Spr" />

===Death===
Jacques Singer died August 11, 1980, at his home in [[Manhattan]], [[New York City|New York]], aged 70.<ref name="NYTs bio service"/>

==Family==
Jakob Singer was one of three children born to Meyer Singer (aka Mark Eli Singer; 1877–1922) and Rachella Bach (1881–1937).  Meyer, Rachella (later known as "Rose" or "Rosie"), and their three children [[immigrated]] to the [[United States]], sailing from [[Bremen]] on October 21, 1920, aboard the [[USS Susquehanna (ID-3016)|USS ''Susquehanna'']], and arriving in the [[Port of New York and New Jersey|Port of New York]] November 4, 1920. According to the ship's [[Manifest (transportation)|manifest]], their nearest relative, Elias Singer (Jakob's grandfather), was residing in [[Jersey City]]. The manifest listed Meyer Singer's occupation as "[[Hazzan|chanter]]".<ref name="Passenger-Arrivals 1920"/>

Sometime after the death of Meyer Singer in 1922, Jakob, his mother, and his younger sister, Bronja, lived with Jacques' uncle and aunt, Solomon Singer (1892–1970) and Ruth Singer (1905–1968) along with Solomon and Ruth's son, Nobert Dave Singer (born 1929) and a cousin, Emanuel B. Bach (born around 1900). Their address in 1930 was 283 York Street, [[Jersey City]], across the street from [[Van Vorst Park]].<ref name="1930USCensus-Solomon-Singer-Jersey-City" />

Jacques Singer became a naturalized citizen sometime between 1920 and 1930 in [[Philadelphia]].<ref name="1930USCensus-Solomon-Singer-Jersey-City" />

On January 28, 1946, in [[New York City]] Jacques married Leslie Wright (born 1924), a Texas piano virtuoso and pedagogue who, in the early 1940s, studied at the [[University of North Texas College of Music]] with [[Silvio Scionti]] and in the latter 1940s, in New York with [[Sidney Foster]] ''(né'' Sidney Earl Finkelstein; 1917–1977).

Foster was a friend of Jacques who, on October 29, 1939, married Jacques' sister, Bessie ''(née'' Bronja Singer; 1916–2016),<ref name="Herald-Times 2016 May 7" group=lower-roman/> also a pianist and later longtime music professor at [[Indiana University Bloomington]]'s [[Jacobs School of Music]].<ref name="Delgado 2013"/> Sidney Foster and Bronja Singer both graduated from the [[Curtis Institute of Music]] on May 17, 1938, with Diplomas in Piano.<ref name="Curtis-Recital-Commencement-Program 1938 May 17"/><ref name="Curtis-Recital-Notes 1974 Nov 13"/>

Jacques and Leslie had four children: Claude, [[Marc Singer|Marc]], [[Lori Singer|Lori]], and Gregory. Lori and Gregory are twins. [[Marc Singer|Marc]] and [[Lori Singer|Lori]] are actors. Claude is a brand strategist in New York City. Gregory, a [[Juilliard]] graduate, is a prolific violinist, conductor, and pedagogue, is the music director of the [http://www.manhattansymphonie.com/ Manhattan Symphonie], which he founded in 2005.

Jacques Singer's nephew once removed, [[Bryan Singer|Bryan]], is a prolific film producer/director. He was adopted and raised by Nobert Dave Singer (born 1929) and Grace L. Sinden ''(née'' Weinstein; born 1933), who were married to each other between 1954 and 1977. Nobert's father, Solomon Singer (1892–1970) (Jacques' uncle), was a concert violinist, conductor, and violin teacher. Jacques and Leslie had a fifth child, a son, who died at birth in Dallas, April 1, 1950.<ref name="Singer-Wright-birth-death 1950"/>

==Awards==
* 1959: Gold Medal, [[Buenos Aires Philharmonic]]

{{s-start}}
{{s-culture}}
{{succession box | title=Music Director<br />[[Dallas Symphony Orchestra]] | before=[[Paul van Katwijk]] | years=<small>1937–1942</small> | after={{nobold|(performances suspended}}<br />{{nobold|during [[World War II]]}})<br />[[Antal Doráti]]<br /><small>{{nobold|Appointed 1945}}</small>}}
{{succession box | title=Music Director<br />[[Vancouver Symphony Orchestra]] | before=[[Allard de Ridder]] | years=<small>1947–1951</small> | after=[[Irwin Hoffman]]}}
{{succession box | title=Music Director<br />Corpus Christi Symphony Orchestra|Music Director, Corpus Christi Symphony Orchestra | before=Frederick Vajda | years=<small>1954–1962</small> | after=[[Maurice Peress]]}}
{{succession box | title=Music Director<br />[[Oregon Symphony|Oregon Symphony Orchestra]] | before=[[Piero Bellugi]] | years=<small>1962–1972</small> | after=Guest conductors<br /><small>{{nobold|1972–1973 season}}</small><br />[[Lawrence Leighton Smith]]<br /><small>{{nobold|Appointed April 1973}}</small>}}

{{s-academic}}
{{succession box
| before=Larry Livingston<br /><small>{{nobold|Director of Instrumental Activities}}</small><br /><small>{{nobold|Conductor, NIU Symphony Orchestra}}</small>
| title=[[Northern Illinois University]]<br />[[NIU College of Visual and Performing Arts|College of Visual and Performing Arts]]<br />Conductor, Philharmonic Orchestra
| years=<small>{{nobold|1977–1980}}</small><br /><small>{{nobold|Artist in Residence}}</small><br />
<small>{{nobold|(also Instructor of Violin)}}</small>
| after=Carl Walter Roskott<br /><small>{{nobold|Conductor, NIU Philharmonic}}</small><br /><small>{{nobold|1980–1989}}</small>
}}
{{S-end}}

== Discography and extant recordings ==
Very few recordings of Singer exist.  Some extant tapes, however, are archived in various music libraries of institutions where Singer conducted.
{{Div col|colwidth=50em}}
{{Ordered list
|''[[Ruggiero Ricci]]; [[Édouard Lalo|Lalo]]''
{{Ordered list|list_style_type=lower-alpha
|Fantaisie Norvégienne in A Major
{{Ordered list|list_style_type=upper-roman
|Allegretto non troppo
|Andante
|Allegro}}
Orchestra of the Americas, Singer, conductor}}
{{Ordered list|list_style_type=lower-alpha|start=2
|Concerto Russe in G Minor, Op. 29
{{Ordered list|list_style_type=upper-roman
|Prelude-Allegro (Andante)
|Chanto Russe (Lento)
|Intermezzo (Allegro non troppo)
|Introduction - Chanto Russe (Andante)}}
Orchestra of the Americas, Singer, conductor}}
{{Ordered list|list_style_type=lower-alpha|start=3
|Concerto in F Major, Op. 20
{{Ordered list|list_style_type=upper-roman
|Andante
|Andantino (Romance)
|Allegro con fuoco}}
Orchestra of the Americas, Singer, conductor}}
{{Ordered list|list_style_type=lower-alpha|start=4
|Guitare in B Minor, Op. 28<br />
[[Zagreb Philharmonic Orchestra]]<br />
T Woytowicz, conductor}}
[[Ruggiero Ricci]], violin<br />
[[Édouard Lalo]], composer<br />
One-Eleven, Ltd. ([[Hong Kong]])<br />
EPR-95040 (catalog no.) ([[CD]])<br />
(EPR {{=}} Essential Performance Reference)<br />
(released July 1, 1997)<ref name="American-Record-Review 1997 Sep-Oct" /><br />
{{OCLC|57036212}}}}

{{Ordered list|start=2
|[[Jacobs School of Music|Indiana University Philharmonic Orchestra]] Jacques Singer, guest conductor<br />
February 8, 1972<br />
3 audiotape reels: analog<br />
{{Ordered list|list_style_type=lower-alpha
|[[Beethoven]] [[Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven)|Symphony No. 3 in E-Flat Major, Op. 55 ("Eroica")]]
{{Ordered list|list_style_type=upper-roman
|Allegro con brio (E♭ major)
|Marcia funebre: Adagio assai (C minor)
|Scherzo: Allegro vivace (E♭ major)
|Finale: Allegro molto (E♭ major)}}
|[[Modest Mussorgsky|Mussorgsky]], orchestrated by [[Maurice Ravel|Ravel]]<br />
''[[Pictures at an Exhibition]]''}}
{{OCLC|31318978}}}}
{{div col end}}

==Notes and references==
===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha|100em|refs=
<ref name="Bach-Fugue-BWV 1026">The Bach Fuque cited in Singer's [[The Town Hall (New York City)|Town Hall]] concert was likely [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach's]] [[List of chamber music works by Johann Sebastian Bach#Other works for accompanied violin (BWV 1020–1026)|Fugue in G minor for violin and harpsichord, BWV 1026]]</ref>

<!--unused<ref name="birth-name-notes">Singer said, perhaps in jest, that his family [[Anglicized]] their surname, Spiewakowski, before they realized how much Spiewakowski sounds like Stokowski. "Jacques" is a professional refinement of Jack, by which he was known in America. Singer started using the name Jacques as a violinist. Śpiewak is Polish for "Singer." The suffix "owski" has a possessive meaning ''(i.e.,'' :Śpiewakowski" translates to "of the Śpiewak family").  Kuba is a Polish diminutive of Jakub. ''([[Dallas Morning News]],'' December 23, 1937)</ref>-->
}}

===General references: books===
{{ref begin|100em}}
* ''Symphony Conductors of the U.S.A.'' by Hope Stoddard (1900–1987), New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]] (1957), p.&nbsp;375; {{OCLC|1238874}}
* ''Living Musicians'', 1st supplement, compiled by David Ewen (1897–1985), [[H.W. Wilson Co.]] (1957), p.&nbsp;144; {{OCLC|14400974|438405934|830199807}}
{{ref end}}

=== General references: articles ===
{{ref begin|100em}}
* "Role of Music in Israel", interview with Jacques Singer, ''[[The Etude]]'', Vol. 72, No. 7, July 1954, pp.&nbsp;13 & 61 (accessible ''via'' {{URL|https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/etude/105}})
* Portland Symphony Program, February 28, 1966; {{OCLC|29204931}}
* "Symphony Conductor Singer Fired", ''[[The Oregon Journal]]'', December 17, 1971, p.&nbsp;1
* Social Security Death Index (as a reference for DOB)
{{ref end}}

=== Books, magazines, journals, dissertations, and websites ===
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="Baker's Bio Dict">''[[Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians]]'', [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]; [[G. Schirmer Inc.|Schirmer]]<br />
{{Space|3}}7th ed, [[Nicolas Slonimsky|Slonimsky]] (ed.) (1984); {{OCLC|10574930}}</ref>

<ref name="Bio Index">''[[Biography Index]]'', [[H.W. Wilson Co.]]; {{ISSN|0006-3053}}<br />
{{Space|3}}Vol. 1: Jan. 1946–Jul. 1949 (1949)<br />
{{Space|3}}Vol. 2: Aug. 1949–Aug. 1952 (1953)<br />
{{Space|3}}Vol. 4: Sep. 1955–Aug. 1958 (1960)<br />
{{Space|3}}Vol. 6: Sep. 1961–Aug. 1964 (1965)<br />
{{Space|3}}Vol. 12: Sep. 1979–Aug. 1982 (1983)</ref>

<ref name="WWW in AM. 1973">''Who Was Who in America: 1967–1989'' (Singer is in Vol. 7 of 10), [[Marquis Who's Who]] (1989); {{OCLC|768804327}}<br />
{{Space|3}}Note:{{Space|2}}DOB given is 9 May 1917</ref>

<ref name="Time 1950 Dec 4">[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,813992,00.html "The Press: Mr. Culture"], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' (magazine), December 4, 1950</ref>

<ref name="WWIA">''[[Who's Who in America]]'' (Singer is in Vol. 2 of 2), [[Marquis Who's Who]]; {{ISSN|0083-9396}}<br />
{{Space|3}}38th ed., 1974–1975 (1974); {{OCLC|11885312}}<br />
{{Space|3}}39th ed., 1976–1977 (1976); {{OCLC|23953086}}<br />
{{Space|3}}40th ed., 1978–1979 (1978); {{OCLC|4199915}}<br />
{{Space|3}}41st ed., 1980–1981 (1980); {{OCLC|476716124}}</ref>

<ref name="NYTs bio service">''[[New York Times|New York Times Biographical Service]]'', Vol. 11, Nos. 1–12, [[Ann Arbor]]: [[University Microfilms International|Arno Press]] (1980); {{ISSN|0161-2433}}<br />
{{Space|3}}"Jacques Singer Dies, Led Orchestras in the West" ''[[New York Times]]'', August 12, 1980.</ref>

<ref name="Delgado 2013">''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Dp-Jvo8st8gC&pg=PA138 An Intimate Portrait of Sidney Foster: Pianist ... Mentor],'' by Imelda Delgado, Hamilton Books (2013), pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Dp-Jvo8st8gC&pg=PA74 74], [https://books.google.com/books?id=Dp-Jvo8st8gC&pg=PA138 138]; {{OCLC|795177888}}</ref>

<ref name="OregonHistoricalQuarterly 2008 Spr">"Making "Good Music: The Oregon Symphony and Music Director Jacques Singer, 1962–1971" by Genevieve J. Long, ''[[Oregon Historical Quarterly]]'', Vol. 109, No. 1, Spring 2008, pp. 60–87 {{JSTOR|20615824}}; {{ISSN|0030-4727}}; {{OCLC|5542743613}}</ref>

<ref name="Brantley 2001">''The New York Times Book of Broadway: On the Aisle for the Unforgettable Plays of the Last Century'' (1st ed.), by [[Ben Brantley]], [[St. Martin's Press]] (2001); {{OCLC|47521338}}<div style="margin-left:2em">Entry: [https://books.google.com/books?id=1ozBB7mkKcQC&dq=%22Laurence+Olivier%22+%22jacques+singer&pg=PA130 "Brooks Atkinson on Laurence Olivier and Vivian Leigh's ''Anthony and Cleopatra''], p. 130</div></ref>

<ref name="Swoboda 1967">''The American Symphony Orchestra'', by [[Henry Swoboda]], New York: Basic Books, Inc. (1967)<div style="margin-left:2em">Original prepared by Swoboda for the [[Voice of America]] Forum Lectures (1967); {{OCLC|915853400}}</div></ref>

<ref name="CanadianJournal 1950">"Jacques Singer of Vancouver" by Fred Kaufman, ''[[Canadian Business]]'', January 1950, p. 86</ref>

<ref name="SaturdayNight 1950 Apr 11">"Symposium," by [[Harry Adaskin]], ''Saturday Night'', April 11, 1950; {{ISSN|0036-4975}}</ref>

<ref name="SaturdayNight 1950 Aug 15">"To the President, A Challenge" by Jacques Singer, ''Saturday Night'', August 15, 1950; {{ISSN|0036-4975}}</ref>

<ref name="SWReview 1951 Spr">"Moment of Fame; Or, Unaccustomed As I Am" by John Rosenfield, ''[[Southwest Review]]'', Vol. 36, No. 2, Spring 1951, pp. viii, x–xi, 141–144; {{ISSN|0038-4712}}, {{JSTOR|43463659}})</ref>

<!-- <ref name="NYMag 1974 Jul 1">[https://books.google.com/books?id=6KzP0NixeLsC&dq=%22jacques+singer%22+naumburg+%22central+park&pg=PA27 "In and Around Town: Thursday, July 4"], ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'', Vol. 7, No. 26, July 1, 1974, p. 27</ref> -->

<ref name="Curtis-Recital-Programs 1925-1926">''[https://archive.org/stream/recitalprograms1926curt#page/n215/mode/2up/search/singer Recital Programs: 1925–1926],'' [[Curtis Institute of Music]] (1926), pps. 164, 166, 200, 221</ref>

<ref name="Curtis-Recital-Notes 1974 Nov 13">[https://archive.org/stream/recitalprograms1974curt#page/n67/mode/2up "Sidney Foster"] (solo recital program notes), Distinguished Alumni Series, [[Curtis Institute of Music]], November 13, 1974, p. 68</ref>

<ref name="Curtis-Recital-Commencement-Program 1938 May 17">[https://archive.org/stream/recitalprograms1938curt#page/n279/mode/2up "Fifth Commencement and Conferring of Degrees,"] [[Curtis Institute of Music]], May 17, 1938, p. 5<div style="margin-left:2em">Sidney E. Finkelstein (Diploma in Piano)<br />Bronja Singer (Diploma in Piano)</div></ref>

<ref name="Slomski 1994">''[https://books.google.com/books?id=F5gdiyIQ6hgC&dq=%22Philadelphia+Orchestra%22+%22jacques+singer%22&pg=PA118 Paul Creston: A Bio-bibliography],'' by Monica J. Slomski, [[Doctor of Musical Arts|DMA]] (born 1954), Publisher: [[ABC-CLIO]]; [[Imprint (trade name)|Imprint]]: [[Greenwood Publishing Group]] (1994), pp. 37, 98, 118; {{OCLC|729021344|939716437}}; {{ISBN|0313253366}}<div style="margin-left:2em">Note: Slomski, in 1987, published a [[Doctor of Musical Arts|DMA]] thesis on [[Paul Creston]] while at the Conservatory of Music and Dance at the [[University of Missouri–Kansas City]]</div></ref>

<ref name="Reader's-Digest May 1946">"He's Setting a Dream to Music – Jacques Singer," by Bill Cunningham (of the ''[[Boston Herald]]),'' ''[[Reader's Digest]]'', Vol. 48, No. 289, May 1946, p. 6; {{OCLC|11691566}}<div style="margin-left:2em">Bill Cunningham ''(né'' Elijah William Cunningham; 1896–1960) was a highly regarded newspaper columnist and sportswriter, first with the ''[[Dallas Morning News]],'' then the ''[[Boston Post]],'' then the ''[[Boston Herald]]''<br />Article promotion: "A great musician, he turned down the soft job the Army offered him – demanded the right to fight. What happened – on [[Corregidor]] – when he finally led a band {{nowrap|...}} and why Jacques Singer learned from plain [[G.I. (military)|GIs]] the greatest lesson of his career."</div></ref>

<ref name="Thomas 1991">[https://archive.org/stream/clairereisadvoca00thom#page/n159/mode/2up/search/%22jacques+singer%22 "Claire Reis: Advocate for Contemporary Music"] ([[PhD]] dissertation), Penny Thomas, [[University of Florida]] (1991), p. 154; {{OCLC|851377092}}</ref>

<ref name="CanadianEncy-Symposium">[http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/first-symposium-of-canadian-contemporary-music-emc/ "First Symposium of Canadian Contemporary Music,"] Canadian Encyclopedia (retrieved December 14, 2017)</ref>

<ref name="Musical-Courier 1950">[https://books.google.com/books?id=NuAKAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Leonard+Basham%22 "Music Symposium in Vancouver Thronged,"] ''[[Musical Courier]]'', Vol. 141, April 15, 1950, p. 45 (p. 177)</ref>

<ref name="Symposium-programme 1950">[http://search-bcarchives.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/first-symposium-of-canadian-music-programme "First Symposium of Canadian Music programme,"] [[Royal British Columbia Museum]] Archives, Ref. code: MS-2768A.5.8</ref>

<ref name="Keillor 2006">''[https://books.google.com/books?id=P4rf9W02vv0C&dq=%22jacques+singer&pg=PT412 Music in Canada: Capturing Landscape and Diversity]'' (Chapter 10, Note 14), by [[Elaine Keillor]], [[McGill-Queens University Press]] (2006, 2014), p. 412; {{OCLC|940878647|944211791|426044520}}; {{ISBN|9780773530126|9780773574762}}</ref>

<ref name="Stern">''Who is Who in Music: A Complete Presentation of the Contemporary Musical Scene, With a Master Record Catalogue'' (1951 ed.), Lee Stern, Chicago: Lee Stern Press (1951), p. 382; {{OCLC|1355515|6052459}}</ref>

<ref name="Hawkins 1989">[https://ttu-ir.tdl.org/ttu-ir/bitstream/handle/2346/19311/31295005629505.pdf "The Life and Work of Robert Russell Bennett"] ([[PhD]] dissertation), by Roy Benton Hawkins, [[Texas Tech University]] (1989), pps. 143–144; {{OCLC|38049691|797948068}}</ref>

<ref name="Singer-Wright-birth-death 1950">[https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:K343-ZCS "Texas Deaths, 1890–1976"] (database), [[FamilySearch]], Name: "Singer" (male), [[Birthday|DOB]] & [[Date of death|DOD]]: April 1, 1950; citing Death, [[Dallas, Texas|Dallas]], [[Dallas County, Texas|Dallas]], [[Texas]]<div style="margin-left:2em">[[Family History Library|FHL]] microfilm (GS No.) 2074336<br />Digital Folder No. 005145448<br />Image No. 01344<br />Note: The [[Family History Library|FHL]] microfilm number was formerly known as a GS film number (GS = [[Genealogical Society of Utah]])<br />(registration/login for [[FamilySearch]] is required, but free)</div></ref>

<ref name="Passenger-Arrivals 1920">[https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:J6ZD-B59 "New York Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island), 1892–1924"] (database), [[FamilySearch]], December 6, 2014<div style="margin-left:2em">Entry: "Jakob Singer", Arrival: November 3, 1920; Departure port: [[Bremen]]; Arrival port: [[Port of New York and New Jersey|Port of New York]]; Ship name: [[USS Susquehanna (ID-3016)|USS Susquehanna]], [[NARA]] microfilm publication T715 and M237 (Washington D.C.)</div></ref>

<ref name="1930USCensus-Solomon-Singer-Jersey-City">"[[1930 United States Census|1930 US Census]]" (database with images), April 8, 1930, [[FamilySearch]], Name: [https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:X462-7VV "Solomon Singer;" Location: "Jersey City,"] [[Enumeration district|ED]] 42, Sheet 12B, Household No. 220, Line 55; Street address: 283 York Street, [[Jersey City]], [[National Archives and Records Administration]], Publication No. T626, Film No. 1351<div style="margin-left:2em">[[Family History Library|FHL]] microfilm (GS No.) 2341086, Digital Folder No. 004951939, Image No. 00159<br />(GS = [[Genealogical Society of Utah]])<br />(registration/login for [[FamilySearch]] is required, but free)</div></ref>

<ref name="Goldman 1950">The Music of Wallingford Riegger," by Richard F. Goldman, ''[[The Musical Quarterly]],'' Vol. 36, No. 1, January 1950, pps. 39–61 (retrieved December 18, 2017, {{JSTOR|739751}}</ref>

<ref name="Chinese-Students-Monthly 1924 Apr">[https://books.google.com/books?id=7HMjAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22jacques+singer%22&pg=RA5-PA66 "Student World – Columbia,"] J.H. Sun (ed.), ''The Chinese Students' Monthly,'' Vol. 19, No. 6, April 1924, p. 66; {{OCLC|295004885|606321422|976836126}}</ref>

<ref name="American-Record-Review 1997 Sep-Oct">"Ruggiero Ricci; Lalo" (record review), by Steven J. Haller, ''[[American Record Guide]];'' Vol. 60, No. 5, September/October 1997, p. 158; {{ISSN|0003-0716}}</ref>

<ref name="Antony-and-Cleopatra-program 1951">Antony and Cleopatra (theatre program), Ziegfeld Theatre, Laurence Olivier Productions, Ltd. (1951); {{OCLC|327655327}}</ref>
}}

=== Newspapers ===
{{Reflist|group=lower-roman|30em|refs=

<!--unused<ref name="DMN 1937 Dec 23">"Symphony Conductor Is Spiewakowski," ''[[Dallas Morning News]]'', December 23, 1937, p. 10</ref>-->

<ref name="DMN 1942 Sep 23">"Symphony Matter Now Up To Music Lovers," by John Rosenfield, ''[[Dallas Morning News]],'' September 23, 1942</ref>

<ref name="DMN 1945 Jul 9">"Singer Back in Dallas Returns to Civilian Life" by Marynell Sharp (1920–1950), ''[[Dallas Morning News]]'', July 9, 1945, p. 6</ref>

<ref name="DMN 1950 Apr 16">"The Musical Digest – Symposium," by Eric Claudin, ''[[Dallas Morning News]]'', April 16, 1950, p. 4</ref>

<ref name="DMN 1951 Dec 22">"Ex-Dallasite Now Olivier's Conductor for Cleopatras" (Special to the News), ''[[Dallas Morning News]]'', December 22, 1951, p. 4</ref>

<ref name="Times-Picayune 1946 Aug 3">"Musicians Earn Warm Approval – Closing of 'Pops' Concerts Praised", ''[[Times-Picayune]]'', August 3, 1946, p. 7</ref>

<ref name="Herald-Times 2016 May 7">[http://www.obittree.com/obituary/us/indiana/bloomington/the-funeral-chapel/bronja-foster/2490773 "Bronja J. Foster, 99"] (obituary), ''[[Herald-Times]]'' ([[Bloomington, Indiana]]), May 7 & 9, 2016</ref>

<ref name="NYTs 1925 Feb 12">[http://www.fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2011/New%20York%20NY%20Times/New%20York%20NY%20Times%201925%20Grayscale/New%20York%20NY%20Times%201925%20Grayscale%20-%202350.pdf "Two Young Violinists Appear"], ''[[New York Times]]'', February 12, 1925, p. 17, col. 1 (accessible ''via'' [[fultonhistory.com]])</ref>

<ref name="NYTs 1936 Nov 6">"With Some Orchestras", ''[[New York Times]],'' November 6, 1936, p. X7</ref>

<ref name="NYTs 1937 Dec 8">"Jacques Singer's Role – Violinist Engaged to Conduct the Dallas Symphony", ''[[New York Times]],'' December 8, 1937</ref>

<ref name="NYTs 1937 Dec 12">"Opera and Concert Asides", ''[[New York Times]],'' December 12, 1937, p. X10</ref>

<ref name="NYTs 1948 Sep 5">"Promoting the New," by Jacques Singer, ''[[New York Times]],'' September 5, 1948, p. X5</ref>

<ref name="NYTs 1951 Dec 20">"Oliviers Present ''Antony'' Tonight – Acting Team Will Take Leads in Shakespeare Drama That Will Alternate With Shaw", ''[[New York Times]]'', December 20, 1951</ref>

<ref name="NYTs 1953 May 11">"First Strains of Concert Music Stir the Air of Ancient Nazareth", ''[[New York Times]]'', May 11, 1953, Sec L, p. 29</ref>

<ref name="NYTs 1958 Jun 2">"Jacques Singer Acclaimed" ([[Buenos Aires]] [[Associated Press|AP]]), ''[[New York Times]]'', June 2, 1958</ref>

<ref name="NYTs 1958 Jun 24">"U.S. Conductor Praised – Texan 'Worked Miracles' on Buenos Aires Orchestra" ([[Buenos Aires]] [[Associated Press|AP]]), ''[[New York Times]]'', June 24, 1958, p. 3</ref>

<ref name="NYTs 1961 Apr 30">"Singer Conducts in Venezuela," ''[[New York Times]]'', April 30, 1961, p. 6</ref>

<ref name="NYTs 1974 Dec 15">"Reyes in Debut With Youth Group," ''[[New York Times]]'', December 15, 1974, p. 68</ref>

<ref name="NYTs 2006 Dec 3">[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/03/books/review/BuckleyWmF.t.html?pagewanted=all "Variations"] (correction appended) (book review), by [[William F. Buckley Jr.]], ''[[New York Times]]'', December 3, 2006<div style="margin-left:2em">Review of the book, ''Johann Sebastian Bach: Life and Work'', by [[Martin Geck]] [[:de:Martin Geck|(de)]], translated by John Hargraves, [[Harcourt (publisher)|Harcourt]] (2006); {{OCLC|66463744}}</div>(retrieved December 13, 2017)</ref>

<ref name="NYPost 1964 Nov 6">[http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2024/New%20York%20NY%20Post/New%20York%20NY%20Post%201964/New%20York%20NY%20Post%201964%20a%20-%206857.pdf "Ricci To Open Series of Four Concerts Nov. 17,"] ''[[New York Post]]'', December 6, 1964, p. 68 (accessible ''via'' [[fultonhistory.com]])</ref>

<ref name="PhillyInquirer 1925 Sep 30">[http://www.fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2023/Philadelphia%20PA%20Inquirer/Philadelphia%20PA%20Inquirer%201925/Philadelphia%20PA%20Inquirer%201925%20a%20-%201052.pdf "Boys Win Scholarships"], ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'', September 30, 1925, p. 12, col. 6 (accessible ''via'' [[fultonhistory.com]])</ref>

<ref name="Corpus-Christi-Caller-Times 1954 Jun 6">"Symphony Conductor Pays City Flying Visit," by Mary Gene Kelly, ''[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]],'' June 6, 1954, p. 33 (accessible at {{URL|https://www.newspapers.com/image/23838338}})</ref>

<ref name="Corpus-Christi-Caller-Times 1954 Oct 10">"Symphony Finances Reported Encouraging," ''[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]],'', October 10, 1954, p. 21; (accessible at {{URL|https://www.newspapers.com/image/27944506}})</ref>

<ref name="Corpus-Christi-Caller-Times 1954 Oct 19">"Symphony Performance Professional, Exciting", ''[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]],'' October 19, 1954, p. 25</ref>

<ref name="Corpus-Christi-Caller-Times 1958 Jun 24">"Paper Says Singer Works 'Miracle' With Orchestra" ([[Buenos Aires]] [[Associated Press|AP]]), ''[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]]'', June 24, 1958, p. 8</ref>

<ref name="Corpus-Christi-Caller-Times 1962 Mar 8">"Conductor is Praised in Oregon," ''[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]]'', March 8, 1962, p. 38</ref>

<ref name="Oregon-Journal 1962 Feb 20">"Singer All the Way in Monday Concert," by Martin Clark, ''[[The Oregon Journal]]'', February 20, 1962<div style="margin-left:2em">Martin Hooper Clark (1920–1983), was music critic for the ''[[Oregon Journal]],'' then ''[[The Oregonian]]''</div></ref>

<ref name="Oregonian 1962 Apr 13">"Singer Gets Unconditional Release from Texas Symphony to Assume Portland Position", ''[[The Oregonian]]'', April 13, 1962, p. 21</ref>

<ref name="Oregonian 1962 Aug 26">"Music Maestro Jacques Singer Will Launch Symphony Oct. 15," ''[[The Oregonian]]'', August 26, 1962, p. 95</ref>

<ref name="Oregonian 1962 Oct 14">"Good Seats Still on Sale for Portland Symphony", ''[[The Oregonian]],'' October 14, 1962, p. 89</ref>

<ref name="Oregonian 1964 Dec 6">"Conductor to Appear in N.Y. Experiments," ''[[The Oregonian]],'' December 6, 1964, p. 128</ref>

<ref name="Oregonian 1965 Aug 22">"Jacques Singer, Ricci To Reunite in Portland," ''[[The Oregonian]],'' August 22, 1965, p. 83</ref>

<ref name="Oregonian 1969 Oct 7">"Vigorous, 'Ingenious Toccata' Opens New Symphony Season," by Hilmar Birger Grondahl (1899–1984), ''[[The Oregonian]]'', October 7, 1969, p. 38<div style="margin-left:2em">(Grondahl was the classical music critic for ''[[The Oregonian]]'' for 45 years)</div></ref>

<ref name="Guardian 1970 Apr 17">"Rehearsing New Work", ''[[The Guardian]]'', April 17, 1970, p. 5</ref>

<ref name="Oregonian 1971 Oct 30">"Sour Note" by Herbert Francis Lundy (1907–1994), ''[[The Oregonian]]'', October 30, 1971</ref>

<ref name="Oregonian 1971 Dec 26">"Symphony Society, Local Musicians Union in Controversy" by John Wendeborn, ''[[The Oregonian]]'', December 26, 1971, p. 103</ref>

<ref name="Oregonian 1972 Jun 18">"Singer Lauded in Switzerland," ''[[The Oregonian]]'', June 18, 1972, p. 67</ref>

<ref name="Oregonian 1972 Jul 2">"Symphony Directed," ''[[The Oregonian]]'', July 2, 1972, p. 79</ref>

<ref name="Oregonian 1972 Aug 9">"Jacques Singer Freed – Guest to Conduct Oregon Symphony," ''[[The Oregonian]]'', August 9, 1972, p. 18</ref>

<ref name="Oregonian 1999 Jun 9">"Parting Notes" by David Stabler, ''[[The Oregonian]]'', June 9, 1999, p. C1</ref>

<ref name="Oregonian 2011 Aug 6">[http://blog.oregonlive.com/lifestories/2011/08/life_story_musician_and_teache.html "Life Story: Musician and Teacher, John Keil Richards Nurtured the Best in All His Students"], ''[[The Oregonian]]'', August 6, 2011 (retrieved December 7, 2017)</ref>

<ref name="Nanaimo Daily News 1951 Jul 16">"Hans Gruber Braves Vancouver Crowd", ''[[Nanaimo Daily News]]'', July 16, 1951, p. 5</ref>

<ref name="Indianapolis-News 1956 Mar 16">"Symphony in Peak of Sound," by Charles Staff ''(né'' Charles Bancroft Staff Jr.; 1929–1999), ''[[Indianapolis News]]'', March 26, 1956, p. 10 (accessible at {{URL|https://www.newspapers.com/image/311495989}})</ref>

<ref name="Scarsdale-Inquirer 1928 Dec 14">[https://news.hrvh.org/veridian/cgi-bin/senylrc?a=d&d=scarsdaleinquire19281214.2.105&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- "Albert Stoessel to Head Juilliard Orchestra,"] ''Scarsdale Inquirer,'' Vol. 10, No. 4, December 14, 1928</ref>

<ref name="Daily-Chonicle 1977 Apr 7">"Singer Conducts Philharmonic in Season's Final Spring Concert," ''[[Daily Chronicle (Illinois)|Daily Chronicle]]'', April 7, 1977, p. 12 (accessible at {{URL|https://www.newspapers.com/image/123515749}})</ref>

<ref name="Daily-Chonicle 1978 Jan 4">Reynolds Whitney – Detroit Mich.," ''[[Daily Chronicle (Illinois)|Daily Chronicle]]'', January 4, 1978, p. 5 (accisable at {{URL|https://www.newspapers.com/image/123496131}})</ref>

<ref name="Canadian-Press 2013 Mar 1">[https://www.questia.com/newspaper/1P3-2906506461 "Today in Music History –  March 12,"]{{dead link|date=July 2021}}''[[The Canadian Press]]'', March 1, 2013</ref>

<ref name="Weekly-People 1925 May 2">[http://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2021/Brooklyn%20NY%20Weekly%20People/Brooklyn%20NY%20Weekly%20People%201923-1925/Brooklyn%20NY%20Weekly%20People%201923-1925%20-%200635.pdf "May Day Celebration"] (event advertisement by the [[Socialist Labor Party of America]]), ''[[The Weekly People]],'' May 2, 1925, p. 6  (accessible ''via'' [[fultonhistory.com]])</ref>

<ref name="Jersey-Journal 1925 Mar 9">"Local Artist in 'Y' Concert," ''[[Jersey Journal]]'', March 9, 1925, p. 7</ref>

<ref name="NYSun? 1925 Feb 12">[https://archive.org/stream/dramaticmusical1925hale_1#page/44/mode/2up/search/%22Jacques+Singer%22 "Boy Violinists Give Recital], by [[William James Henderson]], ''[[New York Sun]],'' February 12, 1925<div style="margin-left:2em">''Dramatic and Musical Criticisms'' (Vol. 51 of 57), New York clippings: January 1, 1925 – January 22, 1926, compiled by [[Philip Hale]] (1854–1934), p. 44<br />Digital source: [[Boston Public Library]]; {{OCLC|52493225}}<br />(retrieved ''via'' [[Internet Archive]])</div></ref>

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{{DSO music directors}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Singer, Jacques}}
[[Category:1910 births]]
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[[Category:American people of Polish-Jewish descent]]
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[[Category:Juilliard School alumni]]
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[[Category:20th-century American conductors (music)]]
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[[Category:American male classical violinists]]
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[[Category:Music directors of the Oregon Symphony]]
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