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{{short description|19th-century Renaissance revival style of English architecture}}
{{Unclear citation style|date=October 2022|reason=Citations are vague and missing details such as publishers}}{{Lacking ISBN|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox art movement
| name         = Jacobethan
| image        = File:The main frontage of Stoke Rochford Hall - geograph.org.uk - 3897048.jpg
| alt          = 
| caption      = The Jacobethan style of [[Stoke Rochford Hall]], Lincolnshire
| yearsactive  = 1820s–1920s
| location     = England
| majorfigures = 
| influences   = {{plainlist|
* [[Elizabethan architecture|Elizabethan]]
* [[Jacobean architecture|Jacobean]]
}}
| influenced   =[[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudorbethan]]
}}
[[File:Harlaxton Manor - University of Evansville College near Grantham, UK - 50881516771.jpg|thumb|[[Anthony Salvin]]'s [[Harlaxton Manor]], 1837–1855, is an embodiment of Jacobethan architecture]]
The '''Jacobethan''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|dʒ|æ|k|ə|ˈ|b|iː|θ|ən}} {{Respell|jak|ə|BEE|thən}}) architectural style, also known as '''Jacobean Revival''', is the mixed national [[Renaissance revival]] style that was made popular in England from the late 1820s,<ref>Newman and Pevsner 1972:55</ref> which derived most of its inspiration and its repertory from the [[English Renaissance#Architecture|English Renaissance]] (1550–1625), with elements of [[Elizabethan architecture|Elizabethan]] and [[Jacobean architecture|Jacobean]]. 
[[File:Highclere Castle (April 2011).jpg|thumb|[[Highclere Castle]], known from the ''[[Downton Abbey]]'' television series, is an example of Jacobethan style]]

[[John Betjeman]] coined the term "Jacobethan" in 1933,<ref>Betjeman, '' Ghastly Good Taste'', 1933; Thomas Burns McArthur, Feri McArthur, eds. ''The Oxford companion to the English language'', 1992:539.</ref> and described it as follows:
<blockquote>The style in which the Gothic predominates may be called, inaccurately enough, Elizabethan, and the style in which the classical predominates over the Gothic, equally inaccurately, may be called Jacobean. To save the time of those who do not wish to distinguish between these periods of architectural uncertainty, I will henceforward use the term "Jacobethan".<ref>Betjeman, '' Ghastly Good Taste'', London, Chapman and Hall, 1933 p 41</ref></blockquote>

The term caught on with art historians. [[Timothy Mowl]] asserts in ''The Elizabethan and Jacobean Style'' (2001) that the Jacobethan style represents the last outpouring of an authentically native genius that was stifled by slavish adherence to European baroque taste.

==Style==
[[File:39 Welsh Row, Nantwich2.jpg|thumb|The former bank at [[39 Welsh Row, Nantwich]] is another]]
In architecture the style's main characteristics are flattened, cusped "Tudor" [[arch]]es, lighter stone [[Molding (decorative)|trims]] around [[window]]s and [[door]]s, carved brick detailing, steep roof [[gable]]s, often [[terracotta|terra-cotta]] [[brickwork]], [[balustrade]]s and [[parapet]]s, [[column|pillars]] supporting [[porch]]es and high [[chimney]]s as in the Elizabethan style. Examples of this style are [[Harlaxton Manor]] in Lincolnshire (''illustration''), [[Mentmore Towers]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Good Stuff IT Services |url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-42105-mentmore-towers-mentmore |title=Mentmore Towers - Mentmore - Buckinghamshire - England |publisher=British Listed Buildings |date=1951-09-26 |access-date=2012-08-15}}</ref> in [[Buckinghamshire]] and [[Sandringham House]] in [[Norfolk]], England.

In June 1835, when the competition was announced for designs for new [[Palace of Westminster|Houses of Parliament]], the terms asked for designs either in the Gothic or the Elizabethan style. The seal was set on the [[Gothic Revival]] as a national style, even for the grandest projects on the largest scale; at the same time, the competition introduced the possibility of an ''Elizabethan'' revival. Of the ninety-seven designs submitted, six were in a self-described "Elizabethan" style.<ref>Pevsner 1962:477</ref>

In 1838, with the Gothic revival well under way in Britain, [[Joseph Nash]], trained in [[Augustus Pugin|A. W. N. Pugin]]'s office designing Gothic details, struck out on his own with a lithographed album ''Architecture of the Middle Ages: Drawn from Nature and on Stone'' in 1838. Casting about for a follow-up, Nash extended the range of [[antiquary|antiquarian]] interests forward in time with his next series of [[lithograph]]s ''The Mansions of England in the Olden Time'' 1839–1849, which accurately illustrated Tudor and Jacobean great houses, interiors as well as exteriors, made lively with furnishings and peopled by inhabitants in [[Ruff (clothing)|ruffs]] and [[farthingale]]s, the quintessence of "[[Merry England|Merrie Olde England]]". A volume of text accompanied the fourth and last volume of plates in 1849, but it was Nash's [[picturesque]] illustrations that popularised the style and created a demand for the  variations on the English Renaissance styles that was the essence of the newly revived "Jacobethan" vocabulary.

Two young architects already providing Jacobethan buildings were [[James Pennethorne]] and [[Anthony Salvin]], both later knighted. Salvin's Jacobethan [[Harlaxton Manor]], near [[Grantham, Lincolnshire]], its first sections completed in 1837, is the great example that defines the style.

[[File:Rashtrapati Niwas, Shimla.jpg|thumb|[[Rashtrapati Niwas]] (formerly Viceregal Lodge) in [[Shimla]] is an example of the Jacobethan style outside England]]
The ''Jacobethan'' Revival survived the late 19th century and became a part of the commercial builder's repertory through the first 20 years of the 20th century. Apart from its origins in the United Kingdom, the style became popular both in Canada and throughout the United States during those periods, for sturdy "baronial" dwellings in a free Renaissance style. A key exponent of the style in Britain was [[Thomas Graham Jackson|T. G. Jackson]].  Some examples can also be found in buildings in the former British Empire, such as [[Rashtrapati Niwas]], the former Viceregal Lodge at [[Shimla]] in India.

[[File:Hws coxe hall.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Coxe Hall, fronting the Hobart Quad.  The building, named for Bishop Arthur Cleveland Coxe, is an example of Jacobethan architecture.]]

Excellent examples of the style in the United States are Coxe Hall, Williams Hall, and Medbury Hall, which define the West and North sides of the quadrangle of [[Hobart and William Smith Colleges|Hobart College]] in [[Geneva, NY]]. Further examples include Kellas, Sage, Slocum, and Weaver Halls, as well as the former Alumnae Chapel (recently converted to the Alice Dodge Wallace '38 Center for the Performing Arts) at the [[Emma Willard School]] in Troy, NY.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Campus Map - Emma Willard School |url=https://www.emmawillard.org/campus-map |access-date=2025-10-15 |website=www.emmawillard.org |language=en-US}}</ref>

==See also==
{{commons category|Jacobethan}}
* [[Tudor Revival architecture]]
* [[Jacobean era]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources and further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Mowl |first=Tim |title=Elizabethan And Jacobean Style |year=1993 |publisher=[[Phaidon Press]] |location=London |isbn=0-7148-2882-3}}
* {{cite book |last1=Newman |first1=John |last2=Pevsner |first2=Nikolaus |author2-link=Nikolaus Pevsner |series=[[The Buildings of England]] |title=Dorset |year=1972 |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |location=Harmondsworth |isbn=0-14-071044-2 |page=55}}
* {{cite book |last=Pevsner |first=Nikolaus |author-link=Nikolaus Pevsner |series=[[The Buildings of England]] |title=London |volume=I |year=1962 |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |location=Harmondsworth |page=477}}

{{Architecture of England}}
{{Revivals}}

[[Category:Jacobethan architecture| ]]
[[Category:Renaissance Revival architecture in the United Kingdom|*]]
[[Category:British architectural styles]]
[[Category:Architecture in England by period or style]]
[[Category:Revival architectural styles]]
[[Category:Victorian architectural styles]]
[[Category:Architectural styles]]
[[Category:Jacobean architecture|∂]]
[[Category:Elizabethan architecture|∂]]
[[Category:1930s neologisms]]