View source for Jack Schaefer

{{Short description|American writer (1907–1991)}}
{{For|the filmmaker|Jac Schaeffer}}
{{infobox writer
|name=Jack Schaefer
|birth_name=Jack Warner Schaefer
|birth_date={{birth date|1907|11|19}}
|birth_place=[[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]], U.S.
|death_date={{death date and age|1991|1|24|1907|11|19}}
|death_place=[[Santa Fe, New Mexico]], U.S.
|occupation=Writer
|education=[[Oberlin College]]<br>[[Columbia University]]
|genre=[[Western fiction]]
|notablework=''[[Shane (novel)|Shane]]'' (1949)
|spouse={{marriage|Eugenia Ives|1931|1948|end=div}}<br>Louise Deans
}}
'''Jack Warner Schaefer''' (November 19, 1907 &ndash; January 24, 1991)<ref>{{cite web |last1= |first1= |title=Jack Schaefer - Social Networks and Archival Context |url=https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6md0x4h |website=snaccooperative.org |publisher= |access-date=10 December 2022 |language= |date=}}</ref> was an American writer known for his [[Western (genre)|Westerns]].  His best-known works are the 1949 novel ''[[Shane (novel)|Shane]]'', considered the greatest western novel by the [[Western Writers of America]],<ref>{{Cite news|title='SHANE' AUTHOR JACK SCHAEFER DIES AT AGE 83|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1991/01/27/shane-author-jack-schaefer-dies-at-age-83/2b57f08e-3d98-4f37-bc21-ce48d1061a7e/|access-date=2021-01-13|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> and the 1964 children's book ''Stubby Pringle's Christmas''.

== Early life ==
Jack Warren Schaefer was born in [[Cleveland, Ohio]] to Carl and Minnie Schaefer. Carl was a [[German American]] attorney. Both his parents were avid readers, and his father was good friends with poet/author [[Carl Sandburg]]. Schaefer read voraciously as a child; early favorites were [[Edgar Rice Burroughs]] and [[Alexandre Dumas]], before moving onto [[Charles Dickens]] and [[Zane Grey]], among others. He was to describe himself as a “literary nut.”<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ohio Reading Road Trip {{!}} Jack Schaefer Biography|url=https://www.orrt.org/schaefer/|access-date=2020-12-24|website=www.orrt.org}}</ref>

== Education ==
In 1929 Schaefer graduated from [[Oberlin College]] with a major in English.<ref>{{Cite news|last=James|first=George|date=1991-01-27|title=Jack Schaefer, Author of 'Shane' And Other Westerns, Dies at 83 (Published 1991)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/27/obituaries/jack-schaefer-author-of-shane-and-other-westerns-dies-at-83.html|access-date=2020-12-24|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> From 1929 to 1930 he attended graduate school at [[Columbia University]], but left without completing his Master of Arts degree when the faculty there denied him permission to prepare a master's thesis on the development of motion pictures.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-04-15|title=Lakewood Lore - Jack Schaefer|url=http://www.lkwdpl.org/lore/lore147.htm|access-date=2020-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070415052401/http://www.lkwdpl.org/lore/lore147.htm|archive-date=2007-04-15}}</ref> Schaefer's education included multiple courses on Greek and Roman mythology, which is thought to have served him well in creating the archetypal heroes that populated his Westerns.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Boyle|first=Molly|title=Writer from nowhere: How Jack Schaefer found the West in himself|url=https://www.santafenewmexican.com/pasatiempo/books/writer-from-nowhere-how-jack-schaefer-found-the-west-in-himself/article_689b1606-15e7-590b-91e5-027f431a42ef.html|access-date=2020-12-24|website=Santa Fe New Mexican|language=en}}</ref>

== Journalism and other career work ==
Following his departure from Columbia University, Schaefer went to work for the [[United Press]]. In his long career as a journalist, he worked as a reporter for the United Press news agency, as editorial page editor for The Virginian-Pilot in Norfolk, Va., and The Baltimore Sun, and as editor of The New Haven Journal-Courier.<ref>{{Cite news|last=James|first=George|date=1991-01-27|title=Jack Schaefer, Author of 'Shane' And Other Westerns, Dies at 83 (Published 1991)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/27/obituaries/jack-schaefer-author-of-shane-and-other-westerns-dies-at-83.html|access-date=2020-12-24|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In his career as a journalist, Schaefer wrote innumerable news stories, feature articles, and opinion columns and thousands of book/film/play reviews and editorials.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ohio Reading Road Trip {{!}} Jack Schaefer Biography|url=https://www.orrt.org/schaefer/|access-date=2020-12-24|website=www.orrt.org}}</ref>

In the 1930s Schaefer worked as the education director of the Connecticut State Reformatory, and following his stint at the Norfolk Virginian-Pilot (1944 to 1948), he worked in advertising and was a freelance writer before devoting himself to fiction.<ref>{{Cite news|title='SHANE' AUTHOR JACK SCHAEFER DIES AT AGE 83|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1991/01/27/shane-author-jack-schaefer-dies-at-age-83/2b57f08e-3d98-4f37-bc21-ce48d1061a7e/|access-date=2020-12-24|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>

== Westerns ==
As a child Schaefer was an avid reader of Zane Grey and was fascinated with the old west. He later studied American history which formed the basis of many of his westerns.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-04-15|title=Lakewood Lore - Jack Schaefer|url=http://www.lkwdpl.org/lore/lore147.htm|access-date=2021-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070415052401/http://www.lkwdpl.org/lore/lore147.htm|archive-date=2007-04-15}}</ref> In 1945 he began writing fiction after hours as a way of calming down. That year the story ''Rider from Nowhere'' was published in serial form in the magazine ''Argosy''. It formed the basis of Schaefer's first novel, ''[[Shane (novel)|Shane]]'', set in Wyoming, which was published four years later, and which was a great success.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ohio Reading Road Trip {{!}} Jack Schaefer Biography|url=https://www.orrt.org/schaefer/|access-date=2021-01-13|website=www.orrt.org}}</ref>

When he wrote ''Shane'', Schaefer had never traveled farther west than [[Cleveland, Ohio|Cleveland]], [[Ohio]]. The ''[[Albuquerque Journal]]'' writer Ollie Reed Jr. wrote, “That Schaefer could turn out such a Western before he ever saw the West is a tribute to his dogged research, devotion to facts, and storytelling ability, all honed by his newspaper work.”<ref>{{Cite web|last=Boyle|first=Molly|title=Writer from nowhere: How Jack Schaefer found the West in himself|url=https://www.santafenewmexican.com/pasatiempo/books/writer-from-nowhere-how-jack-schaefer-found-the-west-in-himself/article_689b1606-15e7-590b-91e5-027f431a42ef.html|access-date=2021-01-13|website=Santa Fe New Mexican|language=en}}</ref>

Schaefer's other westerns included ''First Blood'' (1953), ''The Canyon'' (1953), ''Company of Cowards'' (1957), ''The Kean Land and Other Stories'' (1959), ''Monte Walsh'' (1963), ''Heroes Without Glory: Some Goodmen of the Old West'' (1965), and ''The Collected Stories of Jack Schaefer'' (1966).<ref>{{Cite news|last=James|first=George|date=1991-01-27|title=Jack Schaefer, Author of 'Shane' And Other Westerns, Dies at 83 (Published 1991)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/27/obituaries/jack-schaefer-author-of-shane-and-other-westerns-dies-at-83.html|access-date=2021-01-13|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> For television, he co-wrote ''They Went Thataway'', an unsold [[Television pilot|pilot]] that aired in 1960 as an episode of ''[[New Comedy Showcase]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tvobscurities.com/articles/unsold_pilots_on_television_56_66/ |title=UNSOLD PILOTS ON TELEVISION, 1956–1966 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=15 August 2019 |website=tvobscurities.com |publisher=Television Obscurities |access-date= 3 June 2024}}</ref>

Schaefer's personal favorites were ''Monte Walsh'' and ''The Canyon.''<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|last2=|last3=|first3=|last4=|last5=|last6=|last7=|last8=|first8=|last9=|date=1991-01-27|title=Jack Schaefer; His First Novel Was 'Shane'|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-01-27-mn-297-story.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-01-13|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Adaptations ==
Schaefer's novel ''Shane'' was adapted into the classic 1953 [[Shane (film)|film of the same name]] starring [[Alan Ladd]], and a short-lived 1966 [[Shane (American TV series)|television series]] starring [[David Carradine]]. When asked whether he’d enjoyed the movie version of ''Shane'', Schaefer referred to Alan Ladd's height, saying, “Yeah, I did, all except for that runt!” At a 1989 ceremony to receive an honorary doctorate from Oberlin, he said Shane was supposed to be "a dark, deadly, person."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ohio Reading Road Trip {{!}} Jack Schaefer Biography|url=https://www.orrt.org/schaefer/|access-date=2021-01-01|website=www.orrt.org}}</ref> He had hoped the movie version would be played by the actor [[George Raft]], instead of Alan Ladd.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-04-15|title=Lakewood Lore - Jack Schaefer|url=http://www.lkwdpl.org/lore/lore147.htm|access-date=2021-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070415052401/http://www.lkwdpl.org/lore/lore147.htm|archive-date=2007-04-15}}</ref>

But he was apparently dismayed by the TV series, saying, “Please take my name off that piece-of-crap show”.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Boyle|first=Molly|title=Writer from nowhere: How Jack Schaefer found the West in himself|url=https://www.santafenewmexican.com/pasatiempo/books/writer-from-nowhere-how-jack-schaefer-found-the-west-in-himself/article_689b1606-15e7-590b-91e5-027f431a42ef.html|access-date=2021-01-01|website=Santa Fe New Mexican|language=en}}</ref>

In addition to ''Shane'', seven of his other stories were made into films.<ref>{{Cite news|title='SHANE' AUTHOR JACK SCHAEFER DIES AT AGE 83|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1991/01/27/shane-author-jack-schaefer-dies-at-age-83/2b57f08e-3d98-4f37-bc21-ce48d1061a7e/|access-date=2020-12-31|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Among those, ''First Blood'', was made into the 1953 film ''[[The Silver Whip]]'', starring [[Robert Wagner]]. Other films included ''[[Tribute to a Bad Man]]'' with [[James Cagney]], 1956, based on the short story ''Hanging’s for the Lucky''; ''Trooper Hook'', 1957, featuring [[Joel McCrea]] and [[Barbara Stanwyck]] and adapted from the story ''Sergeant Houck''; and 1964's ''Advance to the Rear'', taken from the 1957 novel ''Company of Cowards''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Boyle|first=Molly|title=Writer from nowhere: How Jack Schaefer found the West in himself|url=https://www.santafenewmexican.com/pasatiempo/books/writer-from-nowhere-how-jack-schaefer-found-the-west-in-himself/article_689b1606-15e7-590b-91e5-027f431a42ef.html|access-date=2020-12-31|website=Santa Fe New Mexican|language=en}}</ref>

''[[Monte Walsh (novel)|Monte Walsh]]'' was loosely adapted into the 1970 [[Monte Walsh (1970 film)|film of the same name]] starring [[Lee Marvin]], Jeanne Moreau, and Jack Palance,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Boyle|first=Molly|title=Writer from nowhere: How Jack Schaefer found the West in himself|url=https://www.santafenewmexican.com/pasatiempo/books/writer-from-nowhere-how-jack-schaefer-found-the-west-in-himself/article_689b1606-15e7-590b-91e5-027f431a42ef.html|access-date=2020-12-31|website=Santa Fe New Mexican|language=en}}</ref> and again as a 2003 [[Monte Walsh (2003 film)|television film]] starring [[Tom Selleck]]. ''Stubby Pringle's Christmas'' was also adapted into a television film in 1978.

== Conservationism ==
Toward the end of his life, Schaeffer became increasingly concerned by [[human impact on the environment]]. By 1967, after writing “Mavericks,” his last western, Schaeffer became a conservationist. He wrote three essays in the form of conversations with animals. They were published in book form titled ''Conversations with a Pocket Gopher''. His last book, ''American Bestiary'', was published in 1975.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-04-15|title=Lakewood Lore - Jack Schaefer|url=http://www.lkwdpl.org/lore/lore147.htm|access-date=2021-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070415052401/http://www.lkwdpl.org/lore/lore147.htm|archive-date=2007-04-15}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Schaefer was married to Eugenia Ives in 1931, and the couple had three sons and a daughter. They divorced in 1948, and a year later Schaefer married Louise Deans.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-04-15|title=Lakewood Lore - Jack Schaefer|url=http://www.lkwdpl.org/lore/lore147.htm|access-date=2020-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070415052401/http://www.lkwdpl.org/lore/lore147.htm|archive-date=2007-04-15}}</ref>

In 1955, after taking a train trip West on an assignment from Holiday magazine to do some research on old western cow towns Schaefer sold his farm near Waterbury, Connecticut,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-04-15|title=Lakewood Lore - Jack Schaefer|url=http://www.lkwdpl.org/lore/lore147.htm|access-date=2020-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070415052401/http://www.lkwdpl.org/lore/lore147.htm|archive-date=2007-04-15}}</ref> and moved to a 300-acre ranch<ref>{{Cite web|last=Boyle|first=Molly|title=Writer from nowhere: How Jack Schaefer found the West in himself|url=https://www.santafenewmexican.com/pasatiempo/books/writer-from-nowhere-how-jack-schaefer-found-the-west-in-himself/article_689b1606-15e7-590b-91e5-027f431a42ef.html|access-date=2020-12-31|website=Santa Fe New Mexican|language=en}}</ref> near Cerrillos, about 20 miles southwest of [[Santa Fe, New Mexico]] called the Turquoise Six.<ref>{{Cite news|title='SHANE' AUTHOR JACK SCHAEFER DIES AT AGE 83|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1991/01/27/shane-author-jack-schaefer-dies-at-age-83/2b57f08e-3d98-4f37-bc21-ce48d1061a7e/|access-date=2020-12-31|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> They resided in an old adobe home at 905 Camino Ranchitos, just off of Canyon Rd.

Schaefer died of heart failure in Santa Fe in 1991.<ref>{{Cite news|title='SHANE' AUTHOR JACK SCHAEFER DIES AT AGE 83|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1991/01/27/shane-author-jack-schaefer-dies-at-age-83/2b57f08e-3d98-4f37-bc21-ce48d1061a7e/|access-date=2020-12-31|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> At the author's graveside service Schaefer's friend Archie West (the inspiration for the character Monte Walsh) read aloud from the last two pages of Monte Walsh, which describe the title character's cowboy burial.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Boyle|first=Molly|title=Writer from nowhere: How Jack Schaefer found the West in himself|url=https://www.santafenewmexican.com/pasatiempo/books/writer-from-nowhere-how-jack-schaefer-found-the-west-in-himself/article_689b1606-15e7-590b-91e5-027f431a42ef.html|access-date=2020-12-31|website=Santa Fe New Mexican|language=en}}</ref>

== Awards and legacy ==
In 1975 Schaefer received the Western Literature Association's Distinguished Achievement award.<ref>{{Cite news|title='SHANE' AUTHOR JACK SCHAEFER DIES AT AGE 83|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1991/01/27/shane-author-jack-schaefer-dies-at-age-83/2b57f08e-3d98-4f37-bc21-ce48d1061a7e/|access-date=2021-01-13|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>

''Shane'' has been translated into 35 languages since it was published in 1949, and was honored by the Western Writers of America as the finest Western novel.<ref>{{Cite news|title='SHANE' AUTHOR JACK SCHAEFER DIES AT AGE 83|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1991/01/27/shane-author-jack-schaefer-dies-at-age-83/2b57f08e-3d98-4f37-bc21-ce48d1061a7e/|access-date=2021-01-13|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Fifty years after its publication, Shane had sold over 12 million copies and been translated into thirty foreign languages.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ohio Reading Road Trip {{!}} Jack Schaefer Biography|url=https://www.orrt.org/schaefer/|access-date=2021-01-13|website=www.orrt.org}}</ref>

Schaefer's 1960 children's book, ''Old Ramon'', won a [[Newbery Medal|Newbery Honor]] award.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Boyle|first=Molly|title=Writer from nowhere: How Jack Schaefer found the West in himself|url=https://www.santafenewmexican.com/pasatiempo/books/writer-from-nowhere-how-jack-schaefer-found-the-west-in-himself/article_689b1606-15e7-590b-91e5-027f431a42ef.html|access-date=2021-01-13|website=Santa Fe New Mexican|language=en}}</ref> It also won the Ohioana Book Award in 1961, and was chosen as an [[American Library Association]] Notable book.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ohio Reading Road Trip {{!}} Jack Schaefer Biography|url=https://www.orrt.org/schaefer/|access-date=2021-01-13|website=www.orrt.org}}</ref>

A 1967 New York Times review of Schaefer's collected novels noted that "Jack Schaefer is not a writer of conventional westerns," instead, they were, "tautly told and tightly constructed," had "additional ingredients that make for complex storytelling."<ref>{{Cite news|last=James|first=George|date=1991-01-27|title=Jack Schaefer, Author of 'Shane' And Other Westerns, Dies at 83 (Published 1991)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/27/obituaries/jack-schaefer-author-of-shane-and-other-westerns-dies-at-83.html|access-date=2021-01-13|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

==Books==

* ''[[Shane (novel)|Shane]]'' (1949)
* ''First Blood'' (1953)
* ''The Big Range'' (1953) (short stories)
* ''The Canyon'' (1953)
* ''The Pioneers'' (1954)
* ''The Piors'' (1984) (short stories)
* ''Out West: An Anthology of Stories'' (1955) (Editor)
* ''Company of Cowards'' (1957)
* ''The Kean Land and Other Stories'' (1959)
* ''Old Ramon'' (1960)
* ''Tales from the West'' (1961)
* ''Incident on the Trail'' (1962)
* ''The Plainsmen'' (1963) (children's book)
* ''[[Monte Walsh (novel)|Monte Walsh]]'' (1963)
* ''The Great Endurance Horse Race: 600 Miles on a Single Mount, 1908, from Evanston, Wyoming, to Denver'' (1963)
* ''Shane and other stories'' (1963) (publ. Andre Deutsch, London)
* ''Stubby Pringle's Christmas'' (1964) (children's book)
* ''Heroes without Glory: Some Goodmen of the Old West'' (1965)
* ''Collected Stories'' (1966)
* ''Adolphe Francis Alphonse Bandelier'' (1966)
* ''New Mexico'' (1967)
* ''The Short Novels of Jack Schaefer'' (1967)
* ''Mavericks'' (1967) (children's book)
* ''Hal West: Western Gallery'' (1971)
* ''An American Bestiary'' (1973)
* ''Conversations with a Pocket Gopher and Other Outspoken Neighbors'' (1978)
* ''Jack Schaefer and the American West: Eight Stories'' (1978) (edited by C.E.J. Smith)
* ''The Collected Stories of Jack Schaefer'' (1985)
<!-- He also wrote "Ghost In The Canyon" in 1990 (someone interjected) 
   not found in WorldCat -->

==See also==
{{Portal bar|Children's literature }} <!-- delete the word "bar" if/when there are enough ordinary See also -->

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070415052401/http://www.lkwdpl.org/lore/lore147.htm Biography and photo]
* {{Books and Writers |id=schaef |name=Jack Schaefer}}
* {{LCAuth|n50017215|Jack Schaefer|35}}
* [https://www.santafecountynm.gov/userfiles/ReturnTaxBillSpreadsheet2012-2013.pdf]
*[https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:/80444/xv703388 Jack Schaefer papers] at the [[American Heritage Center]]
*[https://ahcwyo.org/?s=schaefer Blog posts related to ''Shane''] at [https://ahcwyo.org/ AHC blogs]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schaefer, Jack}}
[[Category:1907 births]]
[[Category:1991 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American novelists]]
[[Category:American male novelists]]
[[Category:Newbery Honor winners]]
[[Category:Writers from Cleveland]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:Oberlin College alumni]]
[[Category:Western (genre) writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Santa Fe, New Mexico]]
[[Category:American people of German descent]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:Novelists from Ohio]]