View source for Jableh

{{Short description|Town in Latakia Governorate, Syria}}
{{About|a historical city in Latakia Governorate, Syria|the historical town in Yemen|Jibla, Yemen}}

{{Infobox settlement
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->| official_name            = Jableh
| other_name               = Gabala
| native_name              = {{lang|ar|جَبْلَةٌ}}<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
| nickname                 = Mount of the Soul ({{langx|ar|جَبْلَة ٱلرّوح}})
| settlement_type          = [[List of cities in Syria|City]]
| motto                    = <!-- images and maps  ----------->
| image_skyline            = Jableh Collage.jpg
| imagesize                = 250px
| image_caption            = General view of city and port&nbsp;• Roman Amphitheater<br />• [[Al-Baath Stadium]]&nbsp;• Entrance of Roman Theater<br />• Landscape of Jableh&nbsp;• Port
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| pushpin_map              = Syria#Mediterranean east#Asia<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
| pushpin_label_position   = bottom
| pushpin_mapsize          = 250
| pushpin_relief           = yes
| pushpin_map_caption      = Location in Syria
<!-- Location ------------------>| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_name         = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg}} [[Syria]]
| subdivision_type1        = [[Governorates of Syria|Governorate]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Latakia Governorate]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[Districts of Syria|District]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Jableh District]]
| subdivision_type3        = [[Nahiyah|Subdistrict]]
| subdivision_name3        = Jableh Subdistrict
| subdivision_type4        = Control
| subdivision_name4        = [[Syrian caretaker government|Syrian transitional government]]
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| established_title        = <!-- Settled -->
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| established_date3        = <!-- Area    --------------------->
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| unit_pref                = Metric <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
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| area_blank1_sq_mi        = <!-- Population   ----------------------->
| population_as_of         = 2004 census
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| population_total         = 80,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbssyr.sy/General%20census/census%202004/pop-man.pdf |title=توزع السكان والمساكن في محافظة اللاذقية حسب تعداد ٢٠٠٤ |publisher=Central Bureau of Statistics |language=ar |page=31 |date=2004 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320172906/http://cbssyr.sy/General%20census/census%202004/pop-man.pdf|date=2022-03-20|title=Population of Jableh }}</ref>
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| population_demonym       = {{langx|ar|جَبْلَاوِي|Jablawi}}
<!-- General information  --------------->| timezone                 = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset               = +2
| timezone_DST             = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| utc_offset_DST           = +3
| coordinates              = {{coord|35|21|N|35|55|E|region:SY|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes      = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
| elevation_m              = 16
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| postal_code_type         = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
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| geocode                  = C3585
| area_code                = Country code: 963 <br /> City code: 41
| blank1_name              = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank1_info              = [[Hot-summer Mediterranean|Csa]]
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}}

'''Jableh''' ({{langx|ar|جَبْلَةٌ}}; ''{{transliteration|ar|Ǧabla}}'', also spelt ''Jebleh'', ''Jabala'', ''Jablah, Gabala'' or ''Gibellum'') is a [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] coastal city in [[Syria]],<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06328a.htm|title=Gabala|encyclopedia=[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]}}</ref> {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of [[Baniyas]] and {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of [[Latakia]], with c. 80,000 inhabitants (2004 census). As Ancient ''Gabala'', it was a Byzantine [[archbishopric]] and remains a Latin Catholic [[titular see]]. It contains the tomb and mosque of [[Ibrahim Bin Adham]], a legendary [[Sufi]] mystic who renounced his throne of [[Balkh]] and devoted himself to prayers for the rest of his life.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-N6AaL8x7qkC&dq=Sultan+Ibrahim+Ibn+Adham+Mosque&pg=PA62 |title=M1 Google Books, Travels In Asia And Africa, 1325-54 |last=Battuta |first=Abu `Abdullah Muhammad |author-link=Ibn Batuta |editor-last=Gibb |editor-first=Sir Hamilton |editor-link=Gibb |year=1996 |isbn=81-206-0809-7 |page=62|publisher=Asian Educational Services }}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Jableh 2.jpg|thumb|left|The Roman theatre]]

Jableh has been inhabited since at least the second-millennium BCE.<ref>{{cite web |last=Esber |first=Hawazan |title=Small historical coastal cities: Urban development and freshwater resources |url=http://www.unesco.org/most/csi_jableh.htm |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=11 August 2015}}</ref> The city was part of the [[Ugarit]]ic kingdom and was mentioned as "Gbʿly" in the archives of the city c. 1200 BC.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T6VtAAAAMAAJ&q=Yarte |title=The Crisis years: the 12th century B.C.: from beyond the Danube to the Tigris |author1= William A. Ward |author2=Martha Joukowsky |page=113 |year=1992|publisher=Kendall/Hunt |isbn=9780840371485 }}</ref> In antiquity Jableh (then called Gabala) was an important Hellenistic and then Roman city. One of the main remains of this period is a [[Roman theatre (structure)|theatre]], capable of housing c. 7,000 spectators. Near the seashore even older remains were found dating to the Iron Age or Phoenician Era.

The Jableh region was incorporated into the [[Muslim conquest of the Levant|Islamic Empire with the conquest of Syria]] in 637–642. Between approximately 969 and 1081, however, much of the region returned under the control of the [[Byzantine Empire]], until it was captured by [[Banu Ammar]].{{sfn|Wiet|1960|p=448}}{{sfn|Mallett|2014}} The [[Alawites]] began spreading in the area in the early eleventh century.<ref>{{Harvnb|Winter|2016|page=27–31, 45}}</ref>

In the [[medieval]] period, Jableh, then called ''Gibellum'', was conquered by [[Tancred, Prince of Galilee|Tancred]] and the [[Republic of Genoa|Genoese]] on 23 July 1109,<ref>{{Harvnb|Helmolt|1907|p=377}}</ref> to be part of the [[Principality of Antioch]], one of the [[Crusader States]]. In 1126, the cities of [[Latakia]] and Jabala were the dowry of Princess [[Alice of Antioch|Alice]], daughter of King [[Baldwin II of Jerusalem]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Andrew D. Buck |url=https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/151849/3/Buck%20-%20Role%20of%20Women%20Haskins%20VERY%20FINAL.pdf |title=Women in the Principality of Antioch: Power, Status, and Social Agency |publisher=Cardiff University |page=13 |date=2020 }}</ref> It was captured by [[Saladin]] in 1189 during the [[Third Crusade]]. One famous resident was [[Hugh of Jabala]], the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Gabala|city's bishop]], who reported the fall of [[County of Edessa|Edessa]] to [[Pope Eugene III]] and was the first person to speak of [[Prester John]]. Less than {{convert|1|km|mile|abbr=off}} from the city center lies the ancient site of Gibala, today known as [[Tell Tweini]]. This city was inhabited from the third millennium BCE until the Persian period.

During the [[Mamluk Sultanate|Mamluk period]], there was still an "[[Ayyubid]]" [[mosque]] in the city that had probably been founded by members of Saladin's entourage or army.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Winter |first1=Stefan |title=Les Kurdes de Syrie dans les archives ottomanes |journal=Études Kurdes |date=2009 |pages=125–156}}</ref> In 1318, a revolt by the [[Alawites]] from the surrounding highlands resulted in an attack on Jableh before a Mamluk column sent from [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]] was able to retake control. The famous Moroccan traveler [[Ibn Battuta]] visited Jableh in 1326.<ref>{{Harvnb|Winter|2016|page=61–67}}</ref>

In the [[Ottoman Syria|Ottoman period]] (1516–1918), Jabala originally formed a sub-province (sancak) of the [[Tripoli Sanjak|province of Tripoli]] before it was made its own sancak in 1547–1548.<ref>{{Harvnb|Winter|2016|page=88}}</ref> The district (nahiye) of Jabala comprised approximately 80 villages in addition to Jableh itself, the majority of which were inhabited by [[Alawites]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Winter|2016|page=95–107}}</ref> In 1564, the province of Jableh was governed by the son of Janbulad ibn Qasim al-Kurdi, the sancak-beyi of [[Kilis]]. The city of Jableh gained special importance with the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] conquest of [[Cyprus]], which lies just 120&nbsp; km directly offshore, in 1570. The governor and the [[qadi]] (judge) of Jableh received numerous orders from the Ottoman government to guard the area against Mediterranean pirates and rebel Alawites in the next decades.<ref>{{Harvnb|Winter|2016|page=111–118}}</ref> The city and the province of Jableh became less important as [[Latakia]] rose in importance in the eighteenth century. At the end of the nineteenth century, the province of Jableh was divided into twenty new nahiyes.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hartmann |first1=Martin |title=Das Liwa el-Ladkije und die Nahije Urdu |journal=Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins |date=1891 |pages=161–218}}</ref>

{{anchor|civilwar}}On May 23, 2016, the [[Islamic State]] claimed responsibility for four suicide bombings in Jableh, which had remained largely unaffected since the [[Syrian Civil War]] began in 2011. Purportedly targeting Alawite gatherings, the bombs killed over a hundred people. In [[Tartus]], similarly insulated, another three bombers killed 48 people.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/is-blasts-in-syria-regime/2810604.html |title=IS blasts in Syria regime heartland kill more than 148 |work=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]] |publisher=[[CNA (TV network)|Channel NewsAsia]] |access-date=2016-05-24 |archive-date=2016-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524124655/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/is-blasts-in-syria-regime/2810604.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In February 2023, a [[2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake|magnitude 7.8 earthquake]] struck Turkey and western Syria. It caused widespread destruction and fatalities. In Jableh, at least 283 people died, 173 were injured and 19 buildings collapsed.<ref name="Jableh283">{{cite news |last1=Dabin |first1=B. |last2=al-Jazaeri |first2=R. |title=283 deaths 173 injuries in the earthquake in Jableh, Lattakia |url=https://www.sana.sy/en/?p=299733 |access-date=9 February 2023 |agency=Syrian Arab News Agency |date=9 February 2023}}</ref>

On 8 December 2024, the [[Syrian opposition]] took control of Jableh.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://edition.cnn.com/world/live-news/syria-civil-war-12-08-2024/index.html | title=December 8, 2024: Syria civil war news |publisher=CNN |date=8 December 2024 }}</ref>

== Economy ==
The majority of people in Jableh depend on agriculture for their income, people grow orange and lemon trees, olives, a large number of green houses for vegetables can be found in the country side. In the center of the city people work in trade and there are small factories in the city for cottons and for making orange juice, whilst most residents solely depend on retirement allowance, although Jableh's economy suffers due to barely any electricity times between neighborhoods, which affects water availability in the city.

== Sports ==
[[Jableh Sporting Club]] is a football club based in Jableh, playing in the [[Al-Baath Stadium]], which has a seating capacity of 10,000.

== People ==
* Syrian pioneer of modern Arabic poetry [[Adunis]]. 
* [[Izz ad-Din al-Qassam]], a famous Islamic figure who organized attacks on the French in Syria and on the British and Jews in Palestine and the namesake of the [[Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades]], the military wing of [[Hamas]].
* The [[Boustani]] family.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-30 |title=History {{!}} Boustani Congress |url=http://boustanicongress.com/history |access-date=2023-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130131410/http://boustanicongress.com/history |archive-date=2020-11-30 }}</ref> 
* Mohammad Zeitoun, a swimming champion whose story is featured in ''[[Zeitoun (book)|Zeitoun]]''.
* [[Ali Maia]], footballer
* Dr. Fayez Attaf, general surgeon who was known as 'The Poor People's Surgeon' in Jableh. He regularly paid the cost of operations of displaced and poor patients. He and his wife, neurologist Dr. Hala Saiid died in the February 2023 earthquake.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.independentarabia.com/node/420906/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA/spa/aggregate | title=هالة وفايز... الحب يلمع تحت الأنقاض }}</ref>

== Climate ==
Jableh has a [[hot-summer Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Csa'').
{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location = Jableh
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan high C = 12.8
| Feb high C = 14.0
| Mar high C = 17.7
| Apr high C = 21.4
| May high C = 25.0
| Jun high C = 28.3
| Jul high C = 30.0
| Aug high C = 28.8
| Sep high C = 27.6
| Oct high C = 26.5
| Nov high C = 21.5
| Dec high C = 15.5
| Jan mean C = 10.1
| Feb mean C = 10.9
| Mar mean C = 13.8
| Apr mean C = 16.9
| May mean C = 20.3
| Jun mean C = 23.9
| Jul mean C = 26.1
| Aug mean C = 25.6
| Sep mean C = 23.7
| Oct mean C = 21.6
| Nov mean C = 16.9
| Dec mean C = 12.2
| Jan low C = 7.3
| Feb low C = 7.8
| Mar low C = 9.9
| Apr low C = 12.4
| May low C = 15.5
| Jun low C = 19.4
| Jul low C = 22.2
| Aug low C = 22.3
| Sep low C = 19.8
| Oct low C = 16.7
| Nov low C = 12.3
| Dec low C = 8.9
|precipitation colour= green
| Jan precipitation mm = 159
| Feb precipitation mm = 130
| Mar precipitation mm = 109
| Apr precipitation mm = 50
| May precipitation mm = 28
| Jun precipitation mm = 4
| Jul precipitation mm = 1
| Aug precipitation mm = 1
| Sep precipitation mm = 15
| Oct precipitation mm = 52
| Nov precipitation mm = 89
| Dec precipitation mm = 190
| unit rain days = 1&nbsp;mm
| Jan rain days = 14
| Feb rain days = 12
| Mar rain days = 11
| Apr rain days = 8
| May rain days = 4
| Jun rain days = 1
| Jul rain days = 1
| Aug rain days = 1
| Sep rain days = 2
| Oct rain days = 6
| Nov rain days = 9
| Dec rain days = 12
| Year rain days =
| source 1 = [http://www.worldweatheronline.com/jableh-weather-averages/al-ladhiqiyah/sy.aspx World Weather Online]
| source 2 = [http://en.climate-data.org/location/47687/ Climate Data]
}}

== See also ==
* [[Levant]]
* [[Syria (region)|Shaam]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Citation |last=Helmolt |first=Hans Ferdinand |title=The World's History: Central and northern Europe |publisher=The [[University of Michigan]] |year=1907 |isbn= }}
* {{EI3 | last = Mallett | first = Alex | title = ʿAmmār, Banū (Syria) | year = 2014 | doi =10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_24909 }}
* {{EI2 | last = Wiet | first = G. | title = ʿAmmār | volume = 1 | page = 448 | doi =10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_0625 }}
* {{Citation |last=Winter |first=Stefan |title=A History of the Alawis: From Medieval Syria to the Turkish Republic |publisher= Princeton University Press |year=2016 |isbn=9780691173894}}

== External links ==
{{Cities of Syria}}
{{Latakia Governorate|Jableh}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Syria]]
[[Category:Populated places in Jableh District]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Syria]]

[[it:Arcidiocesi di Gabala]]