View source for JPEG XR

{{Short description|Compressed image file format}}
{{Redirect|HD Photo| high-definition image|High-definition television}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox file format
| name          = JPEG XR
| icon          = JPEG XR logo.svg
| logo          =
| screenshot    =
| caption       =
| extension     = {{unbulleted list
  |.jxr<ref name="T832">{{cite web
    |url=http://www.itu.ch/rec/T-REC-T.832
    |title=Recommendation T.832 (06/2019): Information technology – JPEG XR image coding system – Image coding specification
    |date=June 2019
    |publisher=International Telecommunication Union – Standardization sector ([[ITU-T]])
    |access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref>
  |.hdp<ref name="MSDPKspec">{{cite web
    |url=http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=285eeffd-d86c-48c3-ab93-3abd5ee7f1ce&displaylang=en
    |title=Microsoft Device Porting Kit Specification
    |date=7 November 2006
    |publisher=Microsoft Corporation
    |access-date=8 November 2009}}</ref>
  |.wdp<ref name="MSDPKspec"/>
  }}
| mime          = {{unbulleted list
  |image/vnd.ms-photo
  |image/jxr<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml|title=Media Types|date=29 July 2024|publisher=IANA|access-date=31 July 2024}}</ref>
  }}
| type code     =
| uniform type  =
| magic         =
| developer     = {{plainlist|
* [[Joint Photographic Experts Group]]
* [[Microsoft]]
}}
| released      = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2009|04|14}}
| latest release version = 06/2019 (ITU-T); 2020 edition (ISO/IEC)
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2019|06|df=yes}}
| genre         = [[Graphics file format]]
| container for =
| contained by  = [[TIFF]]
| open          = Yes
| extended from =
| extended to   =
| standard      = ITU-T Rec. T.832 (06/2019),<br />ISO/IEC 29199-2:2020
| url           = [https://jpeg.org/jpegxr/ jpeg.org/jpegxr]
}}
'''JPEG XR'''<ref name="ms-billcrow-intro">{{cite web|title=Introducing HD Photo |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/billcrow/introducing-hd-photo |publisher=Microsoft |work=Bill Crow's Digital Imaging & Photography Blog |last=Bill |first=Crow |date=17 November 2006}}</ref> ('''JPEG extended range'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Industry Standardization for HD Photo |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/billcrow/industry-standardization-for-hd-photo |publisher=Microsoft |work=Bill Crow's Digital Imaging & Photography Blog |last=Bill |first=Crow |date=31 July 2007}}</ref>) is an [[image compression]] standard for [[continuous tone]] photographic images, based on the '''HD Photo''' (formerly '''Windows Media Photo''') specifications that [[Microsoft]] originally developed and patented.<ref>{{cite web |title=HD Photo, Version 1.0 (Windows Media Photo) |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |work=Digital Preservation |date=19 February 2008 |url=http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000243.shtml}}</ref> It supports both [[lossy compression|lossy]] and [[lossless compression]], and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 [[Open XML Paper Specification]] documents.

The format is natively supported by [[Windows Vista]] and later as well as [[Internet Explorer 9]], [[Internet Explorer 10|10]] and [[Internet Explorer 11|11]]. Third-party support for the format includes [[Adobe AIR]], [[Affinity Photo]], [[Paint.NET]], and [[Sumatra PDF]].<ref name="libjxr">{{cite web |title=Readme |website=jxrlib repo |via=[[CodePlex]] |author=matthewu |date=31 January 2014 |access-date=2014-03-15 |url=https://jxrlib.codeplex.com/SourceControl/latest |quote=The JPEG XR format replaces the HD Photo/Windows Media™ Photo format in both Windows 8 and the Windows Image Component (WIC). WIC accompanies the Internet Explorer 10 redistributable packages for down-level versions of Windows. |archive-date=26 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126082326/https://jxrlib.codeplex.com/SourceControl/latest |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/platform-update-for-windows-7-sp1-and-windows-server-2008-r2-sp1-d97da9ca-c15c-b21f-ebb0-838f7be8d9f6 |access-date=2021-06-03 |title=Platform update for Windows 7 Service Pack 1 (SP1) and Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 |work=Microsoft Support |date=26 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.palemoon.org/releasenotes.shtml |title=Pale Moon Release Notes |publisher=Moonchild Productions}}</ref>

==History==
Microsoft first announced Windows Media Photo at [[WinHEC]] 2006,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/microsoft-shows-off-jpeg-rival-1/|title=Microsoft shows off JPEG rival|first=Joris|last=Evers|website=CNET}}</ref> and then renamed it to HD Photo in November of that year. In July 2007, the [[Joint Photographic Experts Group]] and [[Microsoft]] announced HD Photo to be under consideration to become a JPEG standard known as '''JPEG XR'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2007/jul07/07-31JPEGXRPR.mspx|title=Microsoft's HD Photo Technology Is Considered for Standardization by JPEG|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|date=31 July 2007|access-date=31 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808035511/http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2007/jul07/07-31JPEGXRPR.mspx|archive-date=8 August 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpeg.org/newsrel19.html|title=JPEG 2000 Digital Cinema Successes and Proposed Standardization of JPEG XR|publisher=Join Photographic Experts Group|date=6 July 2007|access-date=31 July 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090317092606/http://jpeg.org/newsrel19.html|archive-date=17 March 2009}}</ref> On 16 March 2009, JPEG XR was given final approval as '''[[ITU-T]] Recommendation T.832''' and starting in April 2009, it became available from the ITU-T in "pre-published" form.<ref name="T832"/> On 19 June 2009, it passed an ISO/IEC Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) ballot, resulting in final approval as '''[[International standard|International Standard]] ISO/IEC 29199-2'''.<ref name="July09PR">{{cite web|url=http://jpeg.org/newsrel26.html|title=Press Release – 49th WG1 Sardinia Meeting|publisher=Joint Photographic Experts Group|first=Louis|last=Sharpe|date=17 July 2009|access-date=24 October 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901185852/http://www.jpeg.org/newsrel26.html|archive-date=1 September 2009}}</ref><ref name="ISOIEC291992v2009">{{cite web|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=51609|title=ISO/IEC 29199-2:2009 Information technology – JPEG XR image coding system – Part 2: Image coding specification|date=14 August 2009|publisher=International Organization for Standardization ([[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]]) and International Electrotechnical Commission ([[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]])|access-date=18 December 2009}}</ref> The ITU-T updated its publication with a [[corrigendum]] approved in December 2009,<ref name = T832/> and ISO/IEC issued a new edition with similar corrections on 30 September 2010.<ref name="ISOIEC291992v2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=56465|title=ISO/IEC 29199-2:2010 Information technology – JPEG XR image coding system – Part 2: Image coding specification|date=30 September 2010|publisher=International Organization for Standardization ([[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]]) and International Electrotechnical Commission ([[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]])|access-date=18 December 2010}}</ref>

In 2010, after completion of the image coding specification, the ITU-T and ISO/IEC also published a motion format specification (ITU-T T.833 | ISO/IEC 29199-3), a conformance test set (ITU-T T.834 | ISO/IEC 29199-4), and reference software (ITU-T T.835 | ISO/IEC 29199-5) for JPEG XR. In 2011, they published a technical report describing the workflow architecture for the use of JPEG XR images in applications (ITU-T T.Sup2 | ISO/IEC TR 29199-1).

Since the release of [[Windows 11, version 24H2]] in October 2024, [[high dynamic range|HDR]] images in JPEG XR can be set as HDR wallpapers.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Taras Buria |title=Windows 11 now supports HDR wallpapers in JXR format |url=https://www.neowin.net/news/windows-11-now-supports-hdr-wallpapers-in-jxr-format/ |publisher=Neowin |access-date=28 December 2024 |date=August 3, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Mauro Huculak |title=How to set HDR (JXR) wallpapers on Windows 11 |url=https://pureinfotech.com/set-hdr-jxr-wallpapers-windows-11/ |publisher=Pureinfotech |access-date=28 December 2024 |date=June 18, 2024}}</ref>

==Description==

===Capabilities===
JPEG XR is an image file format that offers several key improvements over [[JPEG]], including:<ref name="ms-billcrow-jpegxr">{{cite web|title=JPEG XR is Now an International Standard|url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/billcrow/jpeg-xr-is-now-an-international-standard|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|work=[[MSDN Blogs|Microsoft Developer Network blogs]], Bill Crow's blog|last=Bill|first=Crow|date=30 July 2009|access-date=24 October 2009}}</ref>

; Better compression: JPEG XR file format supports higher compression ratios in comparison to JPEG for encoding an image with equivalent quality.

; Lossless compression: JPEG XR also supports [[lossless compression]]. The signal processing steps in JPEG XR are the same for both lossless and lossy coding. This makes the lossless mode simple to support and enables the "trimming" of some bits from a lossless compressed image to produce a lossy compressed image.

; Tile structure support: A JPEG XR coded image can be segmented into ''tile'' regions.  The data for each region can be decoded separately. This enables rapid access to parts of an image without needing to decode the entire image. When a type of tiling referred to as "soft tiling" is used, the tile region structuring can be changed without fully decoding the image and without introducing additional distortion.

; Support for more color accuracy: JPEG XR supports a wide variety of image color representations in addition to the conventional 8-bit-per-sample [[YUV]] (formally [[YCbCr]]) [[4:2:0]] encoding that is typically used for the original JPEG standard.

: For support of images using an [[RGB color space]], JPEG XR includes an internal conversion to the [[YCoCg]] color space, and supports a variety of bit depth and color representation packing schemes. These can be used with and without an accompanying alpha channel for shape masking and semi-transparency support, and some of them have much higher precision than what has typically been used for image coding. They include:

:* Low bit-depth packings of RGB into 16 bits per pixel using 5 bits for each channel or 5 bits for red and blue and 6 bits for green

:* 8 bits per component (sometimes called [[24-bit color|true color]]) packed into 24 or 32 bits per pixel

:* 10 bits per component in a 32 bit packed representation (one of several higher-precision varieties of color representation known as [[deep color]])

:* 16 bits per component as integers, fixed-point numbers, or half-precision floating-point numbers packed into 48 or 64 bits

:* 32 bits per component as fixed-point numbers or full-precision floating point numbers packed into 96 or 128 bits (for which lossless coding is not supported due to the excessively high precision)

: JPEG XR also supports 16 bits per component (64-bit per pixel) integer [[CMYK color model]].<ref name="ms-billcrow-pixelformat1">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/billcrow/archive/2006/06/19/636858.aspx|title=Pixel Formats (Part 1: Unsigned Integers)|last=Crow|first=Bill|work=Bill Crow's Digital Imaging & Photography Blog|publisher=Microsoft Developer Network|date=1 June 2006|access-date=26 October 2009}}</ref>

: 16-bit and 32-bit fixed point color component codings are also supported in JPEG XR.  In such encodings, the most-significant 4 bits of each color channel are treated as providing additional "headroom" and "toe room" beyond the range of values that represents the nominal black-to-white signal range.

: Moreover, 16-bit and 32-bit floating point color component codings are supported in JPEG XR. In these cases the image is interpreted as floating point data, although the JPEG XR encoding and decoding steps are all performed using only integer operations (to simplify the compression processing).

: The shared-exponent floating point color format known as [[RGBE image format|RGBE]] ([[Radiance (software)|Radiance]]) is also supported, enabling more faithful storage of [[high-dynamic-range imaging|high-dynamic-range (HDR) images]].

: In addition to RGB and CMYK formats, JPEG XR also supports [[grayscale]] and multi-[[Channel (digital image)|channel]] color encodings with an arbitrary number of channels.

: The color representations, in most cases, are transformed to an internal color representation. The transformation is entirely reversible, so that this color transformation step does not introduce distortion and thus lossless coding modes can be supported.

; Transparency map support: An [[Alpha compositing|alpha channel]] may be present to represent transparency, so that alpha blending overlay capability is enabled.

; Compressed-domain image modification: In JPEG XR, full decoding of the image is unnecessary for converting an image from a lossless to lossy encoding, reducing the fidelity of a lossy encoding, or reducing the encoded image resolution.

: Full decoding is also unnecessary for certain editing operations such as cropping, horizontal or vertical flips, or [[Cardinal direction|cardinal]] rotations.

: The tile structure for access to image regions can also be changed without full decoding and without introducing distortion.

; Metadata support: A JPEG XR image file may optionally contain an embedded [[International Color Consortium|ICC]] color profile, to achieve consistent color representation across multiple devices.

: [[Exif]] and [[Extensible Metadata Platform|XMP]] metadata formats are also supported.

===Container format===
One file [[container format (digital)|container format]] that can be used to store JPEG XR image data is specified in Annex A of the JPEG XR standard.  It is a [[TIFF]]-like format using a table of ''[[Image File Directory]]'' (IFD) tags. A JPEG XR file contains image data, optional alpha channel data, metadata, optional [[Extensible Metadata Platform|XMP]] metadata stored as [[Resource Description Framework|RDF/XML]], and optional [[Exif]] metadata, in IFD tags. The image data is a contiguous self-contained chunk of data. The optional alpha channel, if present, can be compressed as a separate image record, enabling decoding of the image data independently of transparency data in applications which do not support transparency.  (Alternatively, JPEG XR also supports an "interleaved" alpha channel format in which the alpha channel data is encoded together with the other image data in a single compressed codestream.)

Being TIFF-based, this format inherits all of the limitations of the TIFF format including the 4 GB file-size limit, which according to the HD Photo specification "will be addressed in a future update".<ref name="WMPspec">{{cite web
| url=http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/xps/wmphoto.mspx
| title=Windows Media Photo Specification
| website=[[Microsoft]]
| access-date=2016-10-05
}}</ref>

New work has been started in the JPEG committee to enable the use of JPEG XR image coding within the JPX file storage format – enabling use of the JPIP protocol, which allows interactive browsing of networked images.<ref name="July09PR"/> Additionally, a Motion JPEG XR specification was approved as an ISO standard for motion (video) compression in March 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpeg.org/newsrel28.html|title=JPEG launches Innovations group, new book " JPEG 2000 Suite " published|publisher=jpeg.org|date=19 March 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100925193937/http://jpeg.org/newsrel28.html|archive-date=25 September 2010}}</ref>

===Compression algorithm===
[[File:Comparison between JPEG, JPEG 2000 and JPEG XR.png|thumb|right|350px|Comparison between JPEG 2000, JPEG XR, and JPEG]]
JPEG XR's design<ref name="T832"/><ref name="SPIEoverview">S. Srinivasan, C. Tu, S. L. Regunathan, and [[Gary Sullivan (engineer)|G. J. Sullivan]], "[http://spie.org/x648.html?product_id=767840 HD Photo: A New Image Coding Technology for Digital Photography]", ''SPIE Applications of Digital Image Processing XXX'', [[SPIE]] Proceedings, volume 6696, paper 66960A, September 2007.</ref> is conceptually very similar to [[JPEG]]: the source image is optionally converted to a [[luma (video)|luma-chroma]] colorspace, the chroma planes are optionally [[chroma subsampling|subsampled]], each plane is divided into fixed-size blocks, the blocks are transformed into the frequency domain, and the frequency coefficients are quantized and [[entropy encoding|entropy coded]]. Major differences include the following:

* JPEG supports bit depths of 8 and 12 bits; JPEG XR supports bit depths of up to 32 bits. JPEG XR also supports lossless and lossy compression of floating-point image data (by representing the floating-point values in an [[IEEE 754]]-like format, and encoding them as though they were integers) and [[RGBE image format|RGBE]] imagery.
* [[JFIF]] and other typical image encoding practices specify a linear transformation from RGB to [[YCbCr]], which is slightly lossy in practice because of [[roundoff error]]. JPEG XR specifies a lossless colorspace transformation, namely [[YCoCg#The lifting-based YCoCg-R variation|YCoCg-R]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Analysis of BSDL-based content adaptation for JPEG 2000 and HD Photo (JPEG XR) |date=8 September 2010 |url=https://www.slideshare.net/wmdeneve/analysis-of-bsdlbased-content-adaptation-for-jpeg-2000-and-hd-photo-jpeg-xr-5152654/7  |page=7}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=JPEG XR – Microsoft Research |website=[[Microsoft]]|url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/jpeg-xr/}}</ref> given (for RGB) by:<ref>{{cite web |title=Recommendation T.832 (06/2019) |url=https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-T.832 |at=p. 185 Table D.6 – Pseudocode for function FwdColorFmtConvert1()}}</ref>
::<math>V = B - R\,</math><!-- "Except when swappedRBflag is equal to 1," standard says -->
::<math>U = G - R - \left\lceil \frac{V}{2} \right\rceil</math><!-- "Except when swappedRBflag is equal to 1," standard says -->
::<math>Y = G - \left\lceil \frac{U}{2} \right\rceil</math>

* While JPEG uses 8 × 8 blocks for its frequency transformation, JPEG XR primarily uses 4 × 4 block transforms. (2 × 4 and 2 × 2 transformations are also defined for special cases involving [[chroma subsampling]]; encoder options include YUV_444, YUV_422, YUV_420, and a monochrome Y_only.)<ref name="DPK">{{cite web|url=https://jxrlib.codeplex.com/SourceControl/latest|title=JPEG XR Device Porting Kit Specification|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|work=JPEGXR_DPK_Spec_1.0.doc|year=2013|access-date=2014-03-15|archive-date=26 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126082326/https://jxrlib.codeplex.com/SourceControl/latest|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* While JPEG uses a single transformation stage, JPEG XR applies its 4 × 4 core transform in a two-level hierarchical fashion within 16 × 16 ''macroblock'' regions.  This gives the transform a [[wavelet]]-like multi-resolution hierarchy and improves its compression capability.
* The [[Discrete cosine transform|DCT]], the frequency transformation used by JPEG, is slightly lossy because of roundoff error. JPEG XR uses a type of integer transform employing a [[lifting scheme]].<ref name="LiftingTransform">C. Tu, S. Srinivasan, [[Gary Sullivan (engineer)|G. J. Sullivan]], S. Regunathan, and [[Rico Malvar|H. S. Malvar]],  "[http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=794594 Low-complexity Hierarchical Lapped Transform for Lossy-to-Lossless Image Coding in JPEG XR / HD Photo]",  ''SPIE Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXI'', [[SPIE]] Proceedings, volume 7073, paper 70730C, August 2008.</ref> The required transform, called the Photo Core Transform (PCT), resembles a 4 × 4 DCT but is lossless (exactly invertible). In fact, it is a particular realization of a larger family of binary-friendly multiplier-less transforms called the binDCT.<ref name=binDCT>{{cite journal|last=Liang|first=Jie|author2=Trac D. Tran|title=Fast multiplierless approximations of the DCT with the lifting scheme|journal=IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing|date=2001|volume=49|issue=12|pages=3032–3044|doi=10.1109/78.969511|bibcode=2001ITSP...49.3032L|citeseerx=10.1.1.7.4480}}</ref>
* JPEG XR allows an optional overlap prefiltering step, called the Photo Overlap Transform (POT), before each of its 4 × 4 core transform PCT stages.<ref name="LiftingTransform"/> The filter operates on 4 × 4 blocks which are offset by 2 samples in each direction from the 4 × 4 core transform blocks. Its purpose is to improve compression capability and reduce [[compression artifact|block-boundary artifacts]] at low bitrates. At high bitrates, where such artifacts are typically not a problem, the prefiltering can be omitted to reduce encoding and decoding time. The overlap filtering is constructed using integer operations following a [[lifting scheme]], so that it is also lossless. When appropriately combined, the POT and the PCT in JPEG-XR form a [[lapped transform]].<ref name=prepost>{{cite journal|last=Tran|first=Trac D.|author2=Jie Liang |author3=Chengjie Tu |title=Lapped transform via time-domain pre- and post-filtering|journal=IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing|date=2003|volume=51|issue=6|pages=1557–1571|doi=10.1109/TSP.2003.811222|bibcode=2003ITSP...51.1557T|citeseerx=10.1.1.7.8314}}</ref>
* In JPEG, the image DC coefficients of the DCT blocks are predicted by applying DC prediction from the left neighbor transform block, and no other coeffients are predicted. In JPEG XR, 4 × 4 blocks are grouped into macroblocks of 16 × 16 samples, and the 16 DC coefficients from the 4 × 4 blocks of each macroblock are passed through another level of frequency transformation, leaving three types of coefficients to be entropy coded: the macroblock DC coefficients (called DC), macroblock-level AC coefficients (called "lowpass"), and lower-level AC coefficients (called AC).  Prediction of coefficient values across transform blocks is applied to the DC coefficients and to an additional row or column of AC coefficients as well.
* JPEG XR supports the encoding of an image by decomposing it into smaller individual rectangular ''tile'' area regions.  Each tile area can be decoded independently from the other areas of the picture.  This allows fast access to spatial areas of pictures without decoding the entire picture.
* JPEG XR's entropy coding phase is more adaptive and complex than JPEG's, involving a DC and AC coefficient prediction scheme, adaptive coefficient reordering (in contrast to JPEG's fixed zigzag ordering), and a form of adaptive Huffman coding for the coefficients themselves.
* JPEG uses a single quantization step size per DC/AC component per color plane per image. JPEG XR allows a selection of DC quantization step sizes on a ''tile'' region basis, and allows lowpass and AC quantization step sizes to vary from macroblock to macroblock.
* Because all encoding phases except quantization are lossless, JPEG XR is lossless when all quantization coefficients are equal to 1. This is not true of JPEG. JPEG defines a separate lossless mode which does not use the DCT, but it is not implemented by [[libjpeg]] and therefore not widely supported.

The HD Photo bitstream specification claims that "HD Photo offers image quality comparable to [[JPEG-2000]] with computational and memory performance more closely comparable to JPEG", that it "delivers a lossy compressed image of better perceptive quality than JPEG at less than half the file size", and that "lossless compressed images … are typically 2.5 times smaller than the original uncompressed data".

== Software support ==
A reference software implementation of JPEG XR has been published as ITU-T Recommendation T.835 and ISO/IEC International Standard 29199-5.

The following notable software products natively support JPEG XR:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="text-align:center; width:40%" | Software
! style="text-align:center; width:30%" | Publisher
! style="text-align:center; width:6%" | SDR read
! style="text-align:center; width:6%" | SDR write
! style="text-align:center; width:6%" | HDR read
! style="text-align:center; width:6%" | HDR write
! style="text-align:center; width:6%" | References <!-- References attesting to JPEG XR support -->
|-
|[[Affinity Designer]]/[[Affinity Photo|Photo]]/[[Affinity Publisher|Publisher]]
|[[Serif Europe]]
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
|[[Fast Picture Viewer]]
|Axel Rietschin Software Developments
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fastpictureviewer.com/formats/|title=FastPictureViewer Professional &#124; Image File Formats Compatibility Chart|website=fastpictureviewer.com}}</ref>
|-
|[https://apps.microsoft.com/detail/9PGN3NWPBWL9?hl=en-US&gl=US HDR + WCG Image Viewer]
|Simon Tao
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
|[[Internet Explorer 9]], [[Internet Explorer 10|10]], [[Internet Explorer 11|11]]
|[[Microsoft]]
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ie.microsoft.com/testdrive/Graphics/48ImageSupport/Default.html|title=Image Support|year=2010|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|access-date=29 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412080956/http://ie.microsoft.com/testdrive/Graphics/48ImageSupport/Default.html|archive-date=12 April 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2010/04/09/benefits-of-gpu-powered-html5.aspx|title=Benefits of GPU-powered HTML5|date=9 April 2010|first=Frank|last=Olivier|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|access-date=29 May 2010}}</ref>
|-
|[[Microsoft Expression Design]]
|[[Microsoft]]
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/billcrow/archive/2007/03/26/expression-design-includes-hd-photo-support.aspx|title=Expression Design Includes HD Photo Support|date=27 March 2007|first=Bill|last=Crow|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|access-date=1 June 2010}}</ref>
|-
|[[Microsoft Expression Media]]
|[[Microsoft]]
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
|[[Microsoft Image Composite Editor]]
|[[Microsoft]]
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Microsoft Research Image Composite Editor|url=http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/redmond/groups/ivm/ICE/|work=Microsoft Research|access-date=9 March 2011}}</ref>
|-
|[[GeForce#Nvidia App|Nvidia App]] (formerly GeForce Experience)
|[[Nvidia]]
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=What's new in GeForce Experience 3.22 |url=https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/release-notes/GFE/3_22_0/Rich/gfe-v3_22_0-rich-release-highlights/ |publisher=Nvidia |access-date=30 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NVIDIA App Officially Released: Download The Essential Companion For PC Gamers & Creators |url=https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/news/nvidia-app-download-and-features/ |publisher=Nvidia |access-date=30 December 2024 |date=2024-11-12}}</ref>
|-
|[[Paint.NET]]
| Rick Brewster
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
| <ref>{{cite web|title=paint.net 4.2.1 is now available!|date=7 August 2019|url=https://blog.getpaint.net/2019/08/07/paint-net-4-2-1-is-now-available/|access-date=8 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
|[[Photos (Windows)]]
|[[Microsoft]]
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|[[Serif PhotoPlus]]
|[[Serif Europe]]
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Serif Launches PhotoPlus X7 – The Ultimate Digital Photo Studio |url=https://hexus.net/tech/items/software/69193-serif-launches-photoplus-x7-the-ultimate-digital-photo-studio/ |website=Hexus |date=29 April 2014 |publisher=Serif Europe |access-date=29 December 2024}}</ref>
|-
|[[Windows Photo Gallery]]
|[[Microsoft]]
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
|[[Windows Photo Viewer]]
|[[Microsoft]]
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|
|-
|[[XnView]]
|Pierre-Emmanuel Gougelet
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xnview.com/en/formats.html|title=Formats|first=Pierre E|last=Gougelet|access-date=10 September 2010|archive-date=4 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204084530/http://www.xnview.com/en/formats.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xnview.com/en/history.html|title=Added/Changed Features to XnView|first=Pierre E|last=Gougelet|access-date=11 May 2011|archive-date=11 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511152758/http://www.xnview.com/en/history.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Zoner Photo Studio]]
|Zoner Software
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Zoner Photo Studio 13 |url=http://download1.zoner.com/binary/zps13help_en.pdf |publisher=Zoner Software |access-date=29 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619081745/http://download1.zoner.com/binary/zps13help_en.pdf |archive-date=2024-06-19 |date=2011}}</ref>
|}

The following [[API]]s and [[software framework]]s support JPEG XR, and may be used in other software to provide the JPEG XR support to end users:
* [[Adobe AIR]] 3.3 and later<ref name="flash-air">{{cite web|url=http://download.macromedia.com/pub/labs/flashplatformruntimes/shared/flashplayer11_air3_b1_releasenotes_071311.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714222550/http://download.macromedia.com/pub/labs/flashplatformruntimes/shared/flashplayer11_air3_b1_releasenotes_071311.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 July 2011 |title=Flash Player 11 and AIR 3 Release Notes for Adobe Labs |date=12 July 2011 |access-date=14 July 2011 }}</ref>
* [[Adobe Flash Player]] 11.3 and later<ref name="flash-air" />
* [[Integrated Performance Primitives]] (IPP)
* [https://github.com/Knewest/precompiled-jxrlib-binaries jxrlib], the reference implementation library
* [[Windows Imaging Component]] (WIC)

The 2011 video game [[Rage (video game)|Rage]] employs JPEG XR compression to compress its [[Texture mapping|textures]].<ref>{{cite web |title=John Carmack discusses RAGE on iPhone / iPad / iPod |url=https://www.quakehaus.com/news/6471/john-carmack-discusses-rage-on-iphone-ipad-ipod/ |website=Quake Haus |publisher=Bethblog.com |access-date=30 December 2024 |date=2010-10-26}}</ref>

==Licensing==
Microsoft has patents on the technology in JPEG XR. A Microsoft representative stated in a January 2007 interview that in order to encourage the adoption and use of HD Photo, the specification is made available under the [[Microsoft Open Specification Promise]], which asserts that Microsoft allows implementation of the specification for free, and will not file suits on the patented technology for its implementation,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/2100-1045_3-6153730.html
|title=Vista to give HD Photo format more exposure|author=Stephen Shankland|website=[[CNET]]|date=23 January 2007|access-date=9 March 2007}}</ref> as reportedly stated by Josh Weisberg, director of Microsoft's Rich Media Group. As of 15 August 2010, Microsoft made the resulting JPEG XR standard available under its [[Microsoft Community Promise|Community Promise]].<ref name = MCP>{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/openspecifications/en/us/programs/community-promise/covered-specifications/default.aspx|title=Microsoft Community Promise|website=[[Microsoft]]|access-date=16 July 2011}}</ref>

In July 2010, reference software to implement the JPEG XR standard was published as ITU-T Recommendation T.835 and [[International standard|International Standard]] ISO/IEC 29199-5. Microsoft included these publications in the list of specifications covered by its [[Microsoft Community Promise|Community Promise]].<ref name = MCP/>

In April 2013, Microsoft released jxrlib, an open source JPEG XR library under the [[BSD licenses|BSD licence]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hdview.wordpress.com/2013/04/11/jpegxr-photoshop-plugin-and-source-code/|title=JPEG XR Photoshop Plugin and Source Code|publisher=Microsoft|date=11 April 2013|access-date=6 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://jxrlib.codeplex.com/|title=jxrlib JPEG-XR library|publisher=Microsoft|date=1 April 2013|access-date=16 April 2013|archive-date=16 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116001029/http://jxrlib.codeplex.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> This resolved any licensing issues with the library being implemented in software packages distributed under popular open source licences such as the [[GNU General Public License]], with which the previously released "HD Photo Device Porting Kit"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=285eeffd-d86c-48c3-ab93-3abd5ee7f1ce&displaylang=en|title=HD Photo Device Porting Kit 1.0|publisher=Microsoft|date=21 December 2006|access-date=9 August 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413165343/http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=5863|archive-date=13 April 2013}}</ref> was incompatible.

==See also==
* [[AVIF]], a compression format by Google, Mozilla and others in a group called the [[Alliance for Open Media]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/google-mozilla-av1-photo-format-could-outdo-aging-jpeg/|title=Apple wants to shrink your photos, but a new format from Google and Mozilla could go even farther|date=2018-01-19|work=CNET|access-date=2018-02-01|language=en}}</ref>
* [[JPEG]], an image format used for lossy compression (JPEG XR lossy is comparable with it.)
* [[JPEG 2000]], an improvement intended to replace JPEG by the JPEG committee as of 2000
* [[JPEG XS]], format for image and video with very low latency, more efficient for streaming high quality video
* [[JPEG XL]], is a royalty-free raster-graphics file format that supports both lossy and lossless compression. It is designed to outperform existing raster formats and thus to become their universal replacement.
* [[Portable Network Graphics|PNG]], a format for lossless compression, which JPEG XR lossless is comparable with
* [[WebP]], a format with lossy or lossless compression, proposed by [[Google]] in 2010
* [[Better Portable Graphics]], a proposal by [[Fabrice Bellard]] in 2014 based on [[High Efficiency Video Coding|HEVC]]
* [[High Efficiency Image File Format|HEIF]], a 2015 format based on [[MPEG-H]] Part 12 (ISO/IEC 23008-12) and [[High Efficiency Video Coding|HEVC]]. Implemented by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] as the basis for their single-image format .HEIC on iPhone 7.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://jpeg.org/jpegxr/ Official website]

;Information from Microsoft
* [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/wic/jpeg-xr-codec JPEG XR Codec Overview] from Microsoft Learn
* [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/jpeg-xr/ JPEG XR] from Microsoft Research
* [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/billcrow/ Bill Crow's Digital Imaging & Photography Blog]
* [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=52369 JPEG XR Plug-in for Photoshop (Windows)]
* [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=52381 JPEG XR Plug-in for Photoshop (Mac)]
;Information from others
* [https://hdview.wordpress.com HD View], including posts about JPEG XR
* [http://www.pixelcorps.tv/twim51 This Week in Media podcast about HD Photo], featuring Microsoft's HD Photo Program Manager Bill Crow
* [http://www.compression.ru/video/codec_comparison/pdf/wmp_codec_comparison_en.pdf Comparison WMP&nbsp;– JPEG 2000], Moscow State University Graphics and Media Lab, August 2006.

;Standardization
*ITU-T publications
**[https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-T.Sup2 ITU-T T.Sup2 (03/2011) JPEG XR System architecture]
**[https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-T.832 ITU-T Rec. T.832 (03/2009, updated 12/2009) JPEG XR Image Coding Specification]
**[https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-T.833 ITU-T Rec. T.833 (09/2010) JPEG XR Motion Format]
**[https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-T.834 ITU-T Rec. T.834 (01/2010) JPEG XR Conformance Testing]
**[https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-T.835 ITU-T Rec. T.835 (01/2010) JPEG XR Reference Software]
*ISO/IEC publications
**[https://www.iso.org/standard/45278.html ISO/IEC TR 29199-1: 2011 JPEG XR System architecture]
**[https://www.iso.org/standard/79414.html ISO/IEC 29199-2: 2020 JPEG XR Image Coding Specification]
**[https://www.iso.org/standard/51610.html ISO/IEC 29199-3: 2010 JPEG XR Motion Format]
**[https://www.iso.org/standard/51611.html ISO/IEC 29199-4: 2010 JPEG XR Conformance Testing]
**[https://www.iso.org/standard/61126.html ISO/IEC 29199-5: 2012 JPEG XR Reference Software]

{{Graphics file formats}}
{{Compression formats}}
{{ISO standards}}

[[Category:JPEG|XR]]
[[Category:High dynamic range file formats]]
[[Category:Graphics file formats]]
[[Category:Microsoft Windows multimedia technology]]
[[Category:Open formats]]
[[Category:Computer file formats]]
[[Category:ITU-T recommendations|T.832]]
[[Category:Lossy compression algorithms]]
[[Category:ISO/IEC 29199]]
[[Category:Image compression]]