View source for Ivan Martos

{{short description|Russian sculptor (1754–1835)}}
{{For|the Spanish footballer|Iván Martos Campillo}}
{{family name hatnote|Petrovich|[[Martos (surname)|Martos]]|lang=Eastern Slavic}}
{{expand Ukrainian|topic=bio|date=April 2021}}
{{One source|date=April 2021}}

{{Infobox artist
| native_name = {{nobold|Иван Мартос}}
| image       = Ivan Petrovich Martos by Varnek, 1819.jpg
| image_size  = 
| caption     = Portrait by [[Alexander Varnek]], 1819
| birth_date  = 1754
| birth_place = [[Ichnia|Ichnya]], [[Pryluky Regiment]], [[Cossack Hetmanate]], Russian Empire (now Ukraine)
| death_date  = {{Death date and age|1835|04|05|1754||}}
| death_place = Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
| resting_place = [[Lazarevskoe Cemetery]], Saint Petersburg
| known_for   = [[Sculpture]]
| works       = [[Monument to Minin and Pozharsky|Monument to Minin and Pozharsky, Moscow]], 1816–1818
| style       =
| movement    =
| alma_mater  = {{Imperial Academy of Arts|Alumni|1773}}
| elected    = {{Imperial Academy of Arts|Member|1782}}<br/>{{Imperial Academy of Arts|Professor|1783}}
| awards      = 
}}

'''Ivan Petrovich Martos''' ({{langx|ru|Ива́н Петро́вич Ма́ртос}}; {{langx|uk|Іва́н Петро́вич Ма́ртос}}; 1754 – 5 April 1835) was a Russian sculptor and art teacher of [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] origin who helped awaken Russian interest in [[Neoclassical sculpture]].

==Biography==
Martos was born between [[Chernihiv|Chernigov]] and [[Poltava]] in city of [[Ichnia|Ichnya]] and enrolled at the [[Imperial Academy of Arts]] between 1764 and 1773. He was then sent to further his education with [[Pompeo Batoni]] and [[Anton Raphael Mengs]] in [[Rome]]. Upon his return to Russia in 1779, Martos started to propagate the ideas of [[Neoclassicism]]. He executed a large number of marble tombs, which are often regarded as the finest in the history of Russian art.

Enjoying the patronage of the Russian royalty, Martos held a professorship at the [[Imperial Academy of Arts]] since 1779 and became its dean in 1814. His main claim to fame is the [[Monument to Minin and Pozharsky]] on [[Red Square]], conceived in 1804 but not inaugurated until 1818. Owing to the many years he spent on this one work, Martos did not produce much other sculpture in the period.  He died at [[St Petersburg]].

His later outdoor sculptures - those of [[Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu|Duke de Richelieu]] above the [[Potemkin Stairs]] in [[Odessa]], [[Prince Potemkin]] in [[Kherson]], [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]] in [[Taganrog]], and [[Mikhail Lomonosov]] in [[Kholmogory, Arkhangelsk Oblast|Kholmogory]] - became the symbols of those towns, although modern art critics often compare them unfavorably with his earlier, less bombastic works.

During the Soviet dictatorship Martos's memorial statues - including those of [[Nikita Panin]] and his family - were snatched from the cemeteries to be exhibited in the newly set up museums, while his colossal bronze statue of [[Catherine the Great|Catherine II]], unveiled at the top of the [[Column Hall of the House of Unions|Moscow Nobility Column Hall]] in 1812, was destroyed altogether.

==Selected works==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="220px">
Архангельск.Памятник Ломоносову.jpg|Monument to [[Mikhail Lomonosov]], in [[Archangelsk]]
Ukraine, Odessa, Duke statue.jpg|Monument to the [[Armand Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, 5th Duke of Richelieu|Duc de Richelieu]], in [[Odessa]]
Moscow 05-2017 img07 Monument to Minin and Pozharsky.jpg|Monument to [[Kuzma Minin]] and [[Dmitri Pozharsky]], in Moscow
Мартос - Надгробие М. П. Собакиной.jpg|Headstone for<br /> M. P. Sobakin
Volkonskaya tombstone by Martos (GTG, 1782) by shakko 04.jpg|Headstone for<br /> S. S. Volkonsk
</gallery>

== External links ==
* {{commons category-inline|Ivan Petrovich Martos}}
*{{cite web
 |title      = Biography
 |work       = www.gov.spb.ru
 |url        = http://www.gov.spb.ru/culture/personal/sculpture/martos
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20030311170008/http://gov.spb.ru/culture/personal/sculpture/martos
 |url-status = dead
 |archive-date = 2003-03-11
 |accessdate = 2006-08-02
 |language   = ru
}} 
*{{cite web
 |title       = Works in the Russian Museum
 |work        = www.rusmuseum.ru
 |url         = http://www.rusmuseum.ru/ru/exhibitions/?id=436
 |accessdate  = 2006-08-02
 |language    = ru
 |url-status     = dead
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927212931/http://www.rusmuseum.ru/ru/exhibitions/?id=436
 |archivedate = 2007-09-27
}}
*{{cite web
| title =Duke de Richelieu Monument
| work =2odessa.com
| url =http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Duke_de_Richelieu_Monument
| accessdate =2006-08-02
| archive-date =2007-09-28
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000525/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Duke_de_Richelieu_Monument
| url-status =dead
}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Martos, Ivan}}
[[Category:19th-century sculptors from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:19th-century male artists from the Russian Empire]]

[[Category:Russian male sculptors]]
[[Category:People from the Russian Empire of Ukrainian descent]]
[[Category:Neoclassical sculptors]]
[[Category:1754 births]]
[[Category:1835 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Chernihiv Oblast]]
[[Category:People from the Cossack Hetmanate]]
[[Category:People from Kiev Governorate (1708–1764)]]
[[Category:Burials at Lazarevskoe Cemetery (Saint Petersburg)]]
[[Category:Ukrainian male sculptors]]