View source for Islamic Museum, Jerusalem

{{Short description|Museum in Al-Aqsa, Jerusalem}}
{{distinguish|text=[[The Museum for Islamic Art, Jerusalem]]}}
{{Infobox museum
| name                = Islamic Museum
| native_name         = متحف الآثار الإسلامية
| native_name_lang    = ar
| logo                = 
| logo_upright        = 
| logo_alt            = 
| logo_caption        = 
| image               = ISR-2013-Jerusalem-Temple Mount-Islamic Museum.jpg
| image_size          = 250px
| image_upright       = 
| alt                 = 
| caption             = 
| map_type            = 
| map_relief          = 
| map_size            = 
| map_caption         = 
| map_dot_label       =
| coordinates         = {{coord|31|46|33.87|N|35|14|05.32|E|display=inline,title}}
| former_name         = <!-- or |former_names= -->
| established         = 1923
| dissolved           = <!-- {{end date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} -->
| location            = [[Al-Aqsa]], [[Jerusalem]]
| type                = [[museum]]
| accreditation       = 
| key_holdings        = 
| collections         = 
| collection_size     = 
| visitors            = 
| founder             = 
| executive_director  = 
| leader_type         = 
| leader              = 
| director            = 
| president           = 
| ceo                 = 
| chairperson         = 
| curator             = 
| architect           = 
| historian           = 
| owner               = 
| employees           =
| publictransit       = 
| parking             = <!-- or |car_park= -->
| website             = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| network             = 
| embedded            = <!-- or |nrhp= -->
}}
[[File:Islamic Museum 1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.90|The museum courtyard, with [[Corinthian capital|capital]]s. [[Qibli Mosque|Al-Aqsa Mosque]] is in the back.]]
The '''Islamic Museum''' ({{langx|ar|متحف الآثار الإسلامية}}; {{langx|he|מוזיאון האסלאם}}) is a [[museum]] at [[Al Aqsa]] in the [[Old City (Jerusalem)|Old City]] section of [[Jerusalem]]. On display are exhibits from ten periods of [[History of Islam|Islamic history]] encompassing several [[Muslim]] regions. The museum is west of [[Qibli Mosque|al-Aqsa Mosque]], across a courtyard.

==History==
The building was originally constructed by the [[Knights Templar]]{{Citation needed|date=June 2013}}, who used it as an annex to their headquarters established at the former Al-Aqsa Mosque. Following the Muslim reconquest of Jerusalem, the mosque was restored in 1194 CE.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.discoverislamicart.org/database_item.php?id=monument;ISL;pa;Mon01;2;en|title=Islamic Museum - Discover Islamic Art - Virtual Museum}}</ref>

The annex building served an assembly hall for the Fakhr al-Din Mohammad School (al-Fakhriya), a [[madrasa]] built by [[al-Mansur Qalawun]] in 1282 CE, during the [[Mamluk]] era.<ref name="ADL">[http://www.archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=13642 Al-Aqsa Library and Islamic Museum] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805052204/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=13642 |date=2011-08-05 }} Archenet Digital Library.</ref> 
Most of the other buildings of the al-Fakhriya madrasa complex – considered part of the al-Aqsa Mosque – were demolished by the Israeli Army in 1969.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zawiyat Madrasat al-Qadi Fakhr al-Din Abu ʿAbdallah (al-Fakhriya) |url=http://i2ud.org/j/html3/monuments/sites/t111_zawiyat_h/index.html |website=[[Institute for International Urban Development]] (I2UD) |access-date=2022-04-27 |archive-date=2019-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015210813/http://i2ud.org/j/html3/monuments/sites/t111_zawiyat_h/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{anchor|Mosque of the Maghrebis}}
The building also housed the '''Mosque of the Maghrebis''' ({{transliterate|ar|Jāmiʿ al-Maghāribah}}, {{lang|ar|جامع المغاربة}}),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grabar |first1=Oleg |author1-link=Oleg Grabar |title=Where Heaven and Earth Meet |date=2009 |publisher=University of Texas Press |isbn=978-0-292-72272-9 |page=236 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CW6U921i4fEC |quote=An Islamic Museum was established at the Maghribi Mosque on the southwest side of the [[Ḥaram ash-Sharīf|Haram]].}}</ref><ref>Maps that show the former mosque: 
* [[:File:WilsonHoshAlBurak.png|1865]]: “Mosque of the Maghâribe (Western Africans)” [sic: ''North Africans''; the [[Maghreb]] is the west of the Arab world, but it is in north Africa]
* [https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale/page/n105/mode/2up?view=theater 1886]: “Jâmi' al Maghâribah”
* [[:File:Plan_du_Mont_Morija_ou_le_Haram_ech-Cherif_des_Arabes_(1888)_-_par_le_Chevalier_Docteur_Ermete_Pierotti,_architecte-ingenieur.jpg|1888]]: {{lang|fr|mosquée des [[:fr:wikt:mogrebins|Mogrebin]]s}} (dated French for ‘Mosque of the [[Maghrebis]]’)
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=ENANAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA172 1890]: “Jâmi' al Maghâribah, or Mosque of the Moghrebins”
* [[:File:MACCOUN(1899)_p221_PLAN_OF_THE_HARAM_AREA_AT_THE_PRESENT_TIME.jpg|1899]]: “Mosque of the Moghrebins”
* [[:File:Old_City_of_Jerusalem_map_by_Survey_of_Palestine_map_1-2,500.jpg|1936]]: (#36) “Mosque, El Maghariba (Islamic Museum)”
</ref>
also known as the "Mosque of the Malikis",<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burgoyne |first1=Michael Hamilton |display-authors=etal |title=Mamluk Jerusalem: An Architectural Study |date=1987 |publisher=British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem by World of Islam Festival Trust |isbn=978-0-905035-33-8 |page=620 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qR_qAAAAMAAJ |quote=Mosque of the Malikis (Jami' al - Maghariba)}}</ref> as most [[Maghrebis|Maghrebi]] scholars follow the [[Maliki]] school of jurisprudence.
The Maghrebi mosque bordered the now-vanished [[Maghrebi Quarter]], a neighborhood that was completely razed by the Israelis in 1967.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lee |first1=Roger |last2=Smith |first2=David |title=Geographies and Moralities |date=2011 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-4443-5550-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I52Mg-p3E0EC&pg=RA4-PT5 |quote=Indeed one Palestinian neighbourhood, the Mughrabi quarter, inside the Old City was completely demolished.}}</ref>

The museum was established by the [[Supreme Muslim Council]] in 1923. Shadia Yousef Touqan was the head planner of the site.<ref name="ADL"/> By 1927, the Mosque of the Maghrebis was converted into the Islamic Museum.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Peters |first1=F.E. |title=Jerusalem |date=2017 |publisher=Princeton University Press |doi=10.1515/9781400886166-016 |isbn=978-1-4008-8616-6 |url=https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400886166-016 |quote=It was known until 1927 as the Mosque of the Maghrebis, and has since been converted into a [Islamic] museum}}</ref>

Khader Salameh was a notable head curator of the museum.<ref name="Jerusalemites">[http://www.jerusalemites.org/jerusalem/islam/18.htm The Islamic Museum] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512082128/http://www.jerusalemites.org/jerusalem/islam/18.htm |date=2008-05-12 }} Jerusalemites</ref>

==Exhibits==
The Islamic Museum displays large copper soup kettles used in the [[Haseki Sultan Imaret]],  a soup kitchen, built through a donation by [[Hürrem Sultan]], the wife of [[Suleiman the Magnificent]], dating back to the 16th century, as well as stained glass windows, wooden panels, ceramic tiles and iron doors from the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. Also on display are a cannon used to announce the breaking of [[Ramadan]], a large collection of weapons, a large wax tree trunk, the charred remains of the [[Minbar of Saladin]] (built by [[Nur ad-Din Zangi]] in the 1170s and destroyed [[Al-Aqsa mosque fire|in an arson attack in 1969]]), and the blood-stained clothing of 17 [[Palestinians]] killed in the [[1990 Temple Mount riots|rioting on the Temple Mount in 1990]].<ref name="Jerusalemites"/>

===Qur'an manuscripts===
The museum has 600 copies of the Qur'an donated to the al-Aqsa Mosque during the  [[Umayyad]], [[Abbasid]], [[Fatimid]], [[Ayyubid]], Mamluk, [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] eras  by  [[caliph]]s, [[sultan]]s, [[emir]]s,  [[ulama]] and private individuals.  Each differ in size, [[calligraphy]] and ornamentation. One is a hand-written Qur'an whose transcription is attributed to the great-great-grandson of [[Muhammad]]. Another is written in [[Kufic|Kufic script]], dating back to the 8th-9th century. A 30-part [[Morocco|Moroccan]] {{transliterate|ar|rabʿah}} (multi-volume manuscript) was bequeathed in 1344 by Sultan [[Abu al-Hasan al-Marini]] of Morocco; it is the only manuscript remaining from three collections that the sultan dispatched to the mosques of the three holy cities in [[Islam]] — [[Mecca]], [[Medina]] and Jerusalem.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Salameh |first1=Khader |last2=Schick |first2=Robert |title=The Qur'an Manuscripts of the Islamic Museum |journal=The Bulletin of Middle East Medievalists |date=1998 |volume=10 |issue=10 |page=1 |url=http://middleeastmedievalists.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/UW-10-1-1998.pdf |quote=The Museum collection includes both single-volume ({{transliterate|ar|maṣḥaf}}) and multi-volume ({{transliterate|ar|rabʿah}}) Qur'an manuscripts.}}</ref> In addition, there is a very large Qur'an, measuring {{convert|100|x|90|cm|ft|1}}, dating back to the 14th century.<ref name="Jerusalemites"/>

== Environs ==
It is in the same southwestern corner of the compound as the [[al-Fakhariyya Minaret]]. 
To the north of the museum, there is [[Gate of the Moors|Moors' Gate]] (Maghrebi Gate / Morocco Gate).
The southern part of the museum is right next to the [[al-Aqsa Library]].{{fact|date=November 2023}}

The small courtyard east of the museum has the [[Dome of Yusuf Agha]] and many [[column capital]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Column capital |url=https://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=object%3BISL%3Bpa%3BMus01%3B6%3Ben |website=Museum with No Frontiers}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Photos of the capitals |url=https://madainproject.com/corinthian_columns_(temple_mount) |website=Madain Project}}</ref> Farther east, on the other side of the courtyard, is [[Qibli Mosque|al-Aqsa Mosque]]'s western side.{{fact|date=November 2023}}

==See also==
* [[Museum of Islamic Art, Cairo]] (Egypt)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Islamic Museum, al-Aqsa}}
*[http://islamicart.museumwnf.org/database_item.php?id=monument;ISL;pa;Mon01;2;en&pageD=N Islamic Museum] (unofficial)

{{Temple Mount}}

{{Islamic museums}}{{Tourism in Jerusalem}}
[[Category:Museums in Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Temple Mount]]
[[Category:Islamic museums]]
[[Category:Islam in Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1194]]
[[Category:History museums in Palestine]]
[[Category:Museums in the West Bank]]