View source for Irbit

{{Short description|Town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia}}
{{For|the river in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia|Irbit (river)}}
{{Redirect|Irbit Urban Okrug|the adjacent urban okrug also named after Irbit|Irbitskoye Urban Okrug}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2012}}
{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
| en_name                 = Irbit
| ru_name                 = Ирбит
| loc_name1               = 
| loc_lang1               = 
| loc_name2               = 
| loc_lang2               = 
| loc_name3               = 
| loc_lang3               = 
| loc_name4               = 
| loc_lang4               = 
| other_name              = 
| other_lang              = 
| image_skyline           = Вид на город Ирбит.jpg
| image_caption           = View of the Loginova neighborhood , 2017
| image_map               = 
| map_caption             = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|57|40|N|63|04|E|display=inline,title}}
| image_flag              = Flag_of_Irbit_(Sverdlovsk_oblast).png
| flag_caption            = 
| image_coa               = Coat of Arms of Irbit (Sverdlovsk oblast).png
| coa_caption             = 
| anthem                  = 
| anthem_ref              = 
| holiday                 = 
| holiday_ref             = 
<!-- administrative status -->
| federal_subject         = [[Sverdlovsk Oblast]]
| federal_subject_ref     = <ref name="OKATO" />
| adm_district_jur        = 
| adm_district_jur_ref    = 
| adm_inhabloc_jur        = [[City of federal subject significance|Town]] of Irbit
| adm_inhabloc_jur_ref    = <ref name="OKATO2" />
| adm_citydistrict_jur    = 
| adm_citydistrict_type   = 
| adm_citydistrict_jur_ref = 
| adm_selsoviet_jur       = 
| adm_selsoviet_type      = 
| adm_selsoviet_jur_ref   = 
| capital_of              = 
| capital_of_ref          = 
| adm_ctr_of1             = [[Irbitsky District]]
| adm_ctr_of1_ref         = <ref name="OKATO" />
| adm_ctr_of2             = Town of Irbit
| adm_ctr_of2_ref         = 
| adm_ctr_of3             = 
| adm_ctr_of3_ref         = 
| inhabloc_cat            = Town
| inhabloc_cat_ref        = <ref name="OKATO" />
| inhabloc_type           = 
| inhabloc_type_ref       = 
<!-- municipal status -->
| mun_district_jur        = 
| mun_district_jur_ref    = 
| urban_okrug_jur         = Irbit Urban Okrug
| urban_okrug_jur_ref     = <ref name="SverdlovskO_mun" />
| urban_settlement_jur    = 
| urban_settlement_jur_ref = 
| rural_settlement_jur    = 
| rural_settlement_jur_ref = 
| inter_settlement_territory = 
| inter_settlement_territory_ref = 
| mun_admctr_of1          = Irbit Urban Okrug 
| mun_admctr_of1_ref      =  
| mun_admctr_of2          = 
| mun_admctr_of2_ref      = 
| leader_title            = 
| leader_title_ref        = 
| leader_name             = 
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| representative_body     = 
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<!-- statistics -->
| elevation_m             = 
| area_km2                = 
| area_km2_ref            = 
| pop_2010census          = 38357
| pop_2010census_rank     = 
| pop_2010census_ref      = <ref name="2010Census" />
| pop_latest              = 
| pop_latest_date         = 
| pop_latest_ref          = 
| population_demonym      = 
| time_zone_ref           = 
<!-- history -->
| established_date        = 1631
| established_title       = 
| established_date_ref    = <ref name="Matveyev" />
| current_cat_date        = 1775
| current_cat_date_ref    = 
| abolished_date          = 
| abolished_date_ref      = 
<!-- misc -->
| postal_codes            = 623850
| postal_codes_ref        = 
| dialing_codes           = 34355
| dialing_codes_ref       = 
| website                 = 
|date=July 2020}}
'''Irbit''' ({{langx|ru|Ирби́т}}<ref name="Stress">Stress is given per the ''Dictionary of modern geographical names'', entry on [http://dict.yandex.ru/art.xml?art=geography/geo/geo1/geo-1763.htm&encpage=geography&mrkp=http%3A//hghltd.yandex.com/yandbtm%3Furl%3Dhttp%253A//encycl.yandex.ru/texts/geography/geo/geo1/geo-1763.htm%26text%3Denc_abc%26reqtext%3D%2528enc%253A%253A1402442%2B%2526/%25281%2B1%2529%2Babc%253A%253A146659%2529//6%26%26isu%3D2 Irbit] ({{lang|ru|Словарь современных географических названий&nbsp;/ Под общ. ред. акад. В.&nbsp;М.&nbsp;Котлякова.&nbsp;— Электронное издание.&nbsp;— Екатеринбург: У-Фактория, 2006}}).</ref>) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|town]] in [[Sverdlovsk Oblast]], [[Russia]], located {{convert|203|km|sp=us}} from [[Yekaterinburg]] by train or {{convert|250|km|sp=us}} by car, on the right bank of the [[Nitsa]]. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=38,357|p2002=43,318|p1989=51,708|p2021=37,009}}

It was previously known as ''Irbeyevskaya Sloboda'' (until 1662).

==History==
Founded in 1631 as '''Irbeyevskaya Sloboda''' ({{lang|ru|Ирбе́евская слобода́}}),<ref name="Matveyev">''Geographical names of the Urals: Short Toponymic Dictionary'' ({{lang|ru|Матвеев&nbsp;А.&nbsp;К. Географические названия Урала: Краткий топонимический словарь. Свердловск, 1987}})</ref> its name was changed in 1662 to Irbit.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} It was granted official town status by [[Catherine the Great]] in 1775 for the town's loyalty to the Empress during the [[Yemelyan Pugachev|Pugachev uprising]] of 1773–1774.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} In 1776, she awarded the town its official crest.

In the 19th century, the [[Irbit Fair]] was an important event for the trade in [[Siberia]]n [[fur]] and [[China|Chinese]] [[tea]].

==Administrative and municipal status==
Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of the administrative divisions]], Irbit serves as the [[administrative center]] of [[Irbitsky District]],<ref name="OKATO">{{OKATO reference|65 218}}</ref> even though it is not a part of it.<ref name="OKATO2">{{OKATO reference|65 432}}</ref> As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the '''[[City of federal subject significance|Town]] of Irbit'''<ref name="OKATO2" />—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of Sverdlovsk Oblast|districts]].<ref name="SverdlovskO_adm">Law #30-OZ</ref> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], the Town of Irbit is incorporated as '''Irbit Urban Okrug'''.<ref name="SverdlovskO_mun">Law #85-OZ</ref>

==Economy==
After [[World War II]], various branches of industry, such as engineering, manufacturing of construction materials, pharmaceutical, light, and food-manufacturing industries developed rapidly. During the war a [[motorcycle]]-manufacturing plant was moved here from [[Moscow]]. For more than fifty years, over three million motorcycles had been produced here. The factory now produces only two thousand motorcycles a year, most of which are for export. In the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] times, however, hundreds of thousands were produced. Today it produces different types of motorcycles and spare parts for them, specializing in heavy motorcycles with [[sidecar]]s. Irbit is also the former world headquarters for Russian motorcycle manufacturer [[IMZ-Ural|Ural Motorcycles]]. In 2022, the Ural factory moved to Petropavlovsk, Kazakhstan.

Irbit dairy plant is the largest milk-processing plant in the Urals. In 2004, it processed 66,000 [[ton]]s of milk. Irbit bakery plant manufactures different types of breads and batons, cakes, croutons, toasts. Irbit chemico-pharmaceutical plant produces drugs, chemical substances, fluids for chemical industry.

===Natural resources===
Water resources are represented by the [[Nitsa River|Nitsa]] and [[Irbit River]]s. Mineral resources include [[diatomaceous earth]] and glass-making [[sand]] deposits.

===Transportation===
The town is crossed by the long distance railway Yekaterinburg–[[Tavda]]–[[Ustye-Akha]] and by road traffic routes, directed to [[Kamyshlov]], [[Artyomovsk, Russia|Artyomovsk]], [[Turinsk]], and [[Tyumen]].

==Culture==
The [[Irbit State Museum of Fine Art]] contains some important works including etchings by famous European artists. At the moment the museum is the only one in Russia  specializing in [[engraving]]s. In its collection there are engravings by Italian, Dutch, Flemish,  German, French, English, Spanish, Swiss, Austrian, Polish, Bulgarian, Belgian, and North American artists. The collection includes works from [[Albrecht Dürer]] to [[Francisco Goya]].  Russian art is represented by the works of A.&nbsp;F.&nbsp;Zubova, I.&nbsp;A.&nbsp;Sokolova, E.&nbsp;P.&nbsp;Chemesova, [[Mikhail Dobuzhinsky]], [[Alexander Deyneka]], and many others. The domestic collection represents the artists of Yekaterinburg and [[Nizhny Tagil]].

There is also a 200-year-old theater in the town.

Although Irbit no longer attracts as many visitors as it once did, the [[Irbit State Motorcycle Museum]] is being built in the town with the intention of bringing foreign motorcycle enthusiasts to the [[IMZ-Ural]] motorcycle factory.  Each summer thousands of motorcycle enthusiasts come to Irbit from around the world to take part in the [[Irbit bike show]] and in the Motocross races.

A public park is located in the northern part of the town.

==Education==
There are several educational institutions in Irbit. Affiliates of the [[Ural State Technical University]] and the Institute of Commerce and Law provide higher education. Motorcycle training college and Agricultural training college, Medical and Pedagogical training schools are facilities of professional education. There are also ten secondary schools and seventeen pre-school institutions.

==Notable people==
The following people were born in Irbit:
*[[Serge Timashev]], scientist
*[[Victor Raskin]], linguist
*[[Olga Chernyavskaya]], athlete
*[[Alexander Izgoev]], Kadet politician

==References==

===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|sve|adm|law}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|sve|mun|list}}

==External links==
{{Commons category inline}}
*[https://moirbit.ru/ Official website of Irbit] {{in lang|ru}}
*[http://irbit.jsprav.ru/ Irbit Business Directory] {{in lang|ru}}
*{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Irbit |volume=14 |short=x}}
*[http://www.1723.ru/read/region/irbit.htm A set of postcards with views of Irbit] {{in lang|ru}} 

{{Cities and towns in Sverdlovsk Oblast}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Sverdlovsk Oblast]]
[[Category:Irbitsky Uyezd]]