View source for Iqama

{{Short description|Second Islamic call to prayer}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Infobox Arabic term
| arabic = {{large|{{Naskh|{{wikt-lang|ar|إِقَامَة}}}}}}
| arabic_rom = {{Transliteration|ar|iqāma}}
| literal meaning = "initiation"
| image = Jemaah melaksanakan salat tarawih.jpg
| imgwidth = 250px
| caption = [[Muslims]] preparing for the [[Taraweeh]] prayer
}}

The '''''iqama''''' ({{langx|ar|إِقَامَة|iqāma}}) is the second [[Islam]]ic [[call to prayer]], recited after the ''[[adhan]]''. It summons those already in the [[mosque]] to line up for prayer (''[[salah]]'').<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|last=Th.W.|first=Juynboll|title=Iḳāma|date=24 April 2012|url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/ikama-SIM_3510?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=ikama|language=en|journal=Encyclopaedia of Islam|edition=2|editor1-last=Bearman|editor1-first=P.|editor2-last=Bianquis|editor2-first=Th.|editor3-last=Bosworth|editor3-first=C.E.|editor4-last=van Donzel|editor4-first=E.|editor5-last=Heinrichs|editor5-first=W.P.}}</ref>

It is traditionally given a more rapid and less sonorous rendering than the ''adhan'', as it is intended merely to draw the attention of those already in the mosque, rather than to remind those outside to come in. Most phrases of the ''iqama'' and ''adhan'' are the same, though there are variations among the schools (''[[madhhab|madhahib]]'') of jurisprudence (''[[fiqh]]'') in the preferred number of repetitions of the phrases.

==Text==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center
|+ Details of what is recited and how many times
|-
! colspan="6" |Recital
! rowspan="3" style="width:30%;" | Arabic<hr>Quranic Arabic
! rowspan="3" style="width:30%;" | Romanization
! rowspan="3" style="width:30%;" | Translation
|-
! colspan="4" |Sunni
! rowspan="2" |[[Ibadi Islam|Ibadi]]
![[Shia Islam|Shia]]
|-
![[Hanafi school|Hanafi]]
![[Maliki school|Maliki]]
![[Shafi'i school|Shafi'i]]
![[Hanbali school|Hanbali]]
![[Twelver Shi'ism|Imami]]<ref>{{cite web|title=اذان و اقامه - خلاصه ای از احکام عبادات - پایگاه اطلاع رسانی دفتر مرجع عالیقدر آقای سید علی حسینی سیستانی|url=https://www.sistani.org/persian/book/25938/4157/|access-date=2023-07-01|website=www.sistani.org}}</ref>
|-
|4x
| colspan="3" |2x
|4x
|2x
| dir="rtl" lang="ar" | ٱللَّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ
| [[Takbir|allāhu akbar{{sup|u}}]]
| [[God in Islam|God]] is greatest
|-
|2x
| colspan="3" |1x
| colspan="2" |2x
| dir="rtl" lang="ar" | أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا  ٱللَّٰهُ
| [[Shahada|ashhadu an lā ilāha illa llāh{{sup|u}}]]
| I testify there is nothing worthy of worship except God
|-
|2x
| colspan="3" |1x
| colspan="2" |2x
| dir="rtl" lang="ar" | أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ ٱللَّٰهِ
| ashhadu anna muḥammadan rasūlu llāh{{sup|i}}
| I testify [[Muhammad]] is the [[prophets and messengers in Islam|messenger]] of God
|-
| colspan="5" |None
| 2x
'''<small>([[Mustahabb|recommended]])</small>'''{{efn|name=MentionOfAli}}
| dir="rtl" lang="ar" | أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا وَلِيُّ ٱللَّٰهِ
| ashhadu anna ʿaliyyan waliyyu llāh{{sup|i}}
|I testify [[Ali]] is the [[wali|vicegerent]] of God
|-
|2x
| colspan="3" |1x
| colspan="2" |2x
| dir="rtl" lang="ar" | حَيَّ عَلَىٰ ٱلصَّلَاةِ<hr>حَيَّ عَلَىٰ ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ
| ḥayya ʿala ṣ-ṣalāh{{sup|ti}}
| Come to prayer
|-
|2x
| colspan="3" |1x
| colspan="2" |2x
| dir="rtl" lang="ar" | حَيَّ عَلَىٰ ٱلْفَلَاحِ<hr>حَيَّ عَلَىٰ ٱلْفَلَٰحِ
| ḥayya ʿala l-falāḥ{{sup|i}}
| Come to [[falah|success]]
|-
| colspan="4" |None
| colspan="2" | 2x
| dir="rtl" lang="ar" | حَيَّ عَلَىٰ خَيْرِ ٱلْعَمَلِ
| ḥayya ʿalā khayri l-ʿamal{{sup|i}}
| Come to the best of deeds
|-
|2x
|1x
| colspan="4" |2x
| dir="rtl" lang="ar" | قَدْ قَامَتِ ٱلصَّلَاةُ<hr>قَدْ قَامَتِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةُ
| qad qāmati ṣ-ṣalāh{{sup|tu}}
| The prayer has been established
|-
| colspan="6" |'''2x'''
| dir="rtl" lang="ar" | ٱللَّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ
| allāhu akbar{{sup|u}}
| God is greater
|-
| colspan="6" |'''1x'''
| dir="rtl" lang="ar" | لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا  ٱللَّٰهُ
| lā ilāha illa llāh{{sup|u}}
| There is nothing worthy of worship except God
|}{{Notelist|notes=
{{efn|name=MentionOfAli|According to [[Usuli]] [[Twelver]] Shia scholars, this phrase is not an obligatory part of the adhan nor iqama, but is [[mustahabb|recommended]]. [[Akhbari]] Twelver Shia scholars, however, consider it an obligatory part of them both.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.akhbari.org |title=Akhbari|publisher=Akhbari|access-date=2013-12-31}}</ref> [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimid]], [[Isma'ilism|Isma'ili]], [[Alavi Bohras]], and [[Dawoodi Bohra]] recite this phrase twice at the same place in the adhan, but not iqama. They also recite ''muḥammadun wa-ʿaliyyun khayru l-basar wa-itaratu huma khayru l-itar'' (Muhammad and Ali are the best of mankind, and their progeny is the best of progenies) twice after ''ḥayya ʿalā khayri l-ʿamal''. This tradition is continued from their first [[Da'i al-Mutlaq]] [[Zoeb bin Moosa]] (d. 1132 CE) after their 21st [[imam]] [[at-Tayyib Abi l-Qasim|al-Tayyib Abi l-Qasim]], and they claim this is the true Fatimid tradition.<ref>[http://sistani.org/local.php?modules=nav&nid=2&bid=59&pid=2947 Islamic Laws : Rules of Namaz » Adhan and Iqamah] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914174319/http://sistani.org/local.php?modules=nav&nid=2&bid=59&pid=2947|date=September 14, 2008 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.khamenei.de/fatwas/practical03.htm Importance and Conditions of Prayers - Question #466] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708075111/http://www.khamenei.de/fatwas/practical03.htm|date=July 8, 2009 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.duas.org/calltoprayer.htm "Adhan Call to Prayer"]. ''duas.org''. Retrieved on 25 August 2016.</ref>}}
}}

The one unique line in the iqama, but not adhan, is ''qad qāmati ṣ-ṣalāh{{sup|tu}}'', the announcement "the prayer has been established", i.e., is about to commence. It is stated just before the opening ''allāhu akbar{{sup|u}}'', the formal start of prayer.<ref name="ei">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Adhān and Iqāma|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia Islamica]]|year=2011|last=Salim|first=Abdol-Amir|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden and Boston}}</ref>

The Hanafi and Shia schools both use the same number of repetitions in both the adhan and iqama, contrary to all the other schools.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite journal|last=Howard|first=IKA|title=The development of the ''adhan'' and ''iqama'' of the ''salat'' in early Islam|journal=Journal of Semitic Studies|publisher=Manchester University Press|issue=26|year=1981|page=227}}</ref>

Unlike the other schools, the Maliki school recommends ''qad qāmati ṣ-ṣalāh{{sup|tu}}'' to be said only once. This is based on the practice of the people of [[Medina]] during [[Malik ibn Anas]]'s time.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ibn Taymiyya|author-link=Ibn Taymiyya|title=Majmu' al-Fatawa|url=https://shamela.ws/book/7289/11105|volume=22|page=68|quote=As for the iqama, Malik, al-Shafi'i, and Ahmad said the phrases should be said once, but Ahmad said saying them twice is also legislated. All three of them—Abu Hanifa, al-Shafi'i, and Ahmad—preferred to say ''qad qāmati ṣ-ṣalāh{{sup|tu}}'' twice, but Malik did not. And God knows best.}}</ref>

==Other uses of the term ''iqama''==
''Iqāma'' is the ''[[Arabic verbal noun|maṣdar]]'' form of the fourth ([[causative]]) stem (stem ''<nowiki>'</nowiki>af`ala'') from the [[Semitic root|triliteral root]] [[Qoph|Q]]-[[Vav (letter)|W]]-[[Mem|M]], which relates to setting things up, carrying things out, existence, and assorted other meanings. The word ''iqāma'' itself is multivalent, but its most common meaning outside the inauguration of prayer is in the context of [[immigration law]], referring to a long-term [[visa (document)|visa]] for a foreign national. In some cases, as in [[Egypt]], it is a stamp on the foreigner's passport; in others (as in [[Morocco]] and [[Saudi Arabia]]) it is a separate [[identity document]] in the form of a plastic card.

==See also==
{{Portal|Islam}}
* [[Adhan]]
* [[Shahada]]
* [[Tashahhud]]
* [[Salawat]]
* [[Islamic honorifics]]
* [[Dhikr]]
* [[Tawhid]]
* [[Barechu]] - the [[Jewish]] call to prayer
* [[Church bell#Call to prayer|Church bells]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=im-oRJxk-bc Iqamah being recited before prayer in Mecca]
* [http://www.al-islam.org/encyclopedia/chapter7/4.html Call for prayers according to the five school of thought: A Shi'ite Encyclopedia]

{{Islamic prayer}}[[Inshallah|<small>All of it in Gods Will</small>]]{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Salah]]
[[Category:Salah terminology]]
[[Category:Dhikr]]