View source for Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso

{{Short description|Composition for violin and orchestra by Camille Saint-Saëns}}
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{{For|the short program by Yuzuru Hanyu|Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso (Yuzuru Hanyu program)}}
{{listen
 | filename = Saint-Saens - Rondo-Capriccioso.ogg
 | title = Introduction et Rondo Capriccioso, Op. 28
 | description = Performed by Elias Goldstein with the DePaul Symphony
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The '''''Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso''''' in A minor ({{langx|fr|Introduction et Rondo capriccioso}}), [[opus number|Op.]] 28, is a composition for [[violin]] and [[orchestra]] written in [[1863 in music|1863]] by [[Camille Saint-Saëns]]. It was dedicated to the [[virtuoso]] [[violin]]ist [[Pablo de Sarasate]], who performed the solo violin part at the premiere in April 1867.<ref name="Ratner">{{cite book|last=Ratner|first=Sabina Teller|title=Camille Saint-Saëns, 1835–1922: A Thematic Catalogue of his Complete Works, Volume 1: The Instrumental Works|year=2002|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-816320-6|pages=347–350}}</ref>

== History ==
The ''Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso'' was originally intended to be the rousing finale to Saint-Saëns' [[Violin Concerto No. 1 (Saint-Saëns)|first violin concerto]], Op.&nbsp;20, though its success as a solo composition at its first performance led Saint-Saëns to publish it separately.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dandelot|first=Arthur|title=La vie et l'oeuvre de Saint-Saëns|year=1930|location=Paris|pages=49}}</ref>

The premiere took place on 4 April 1867 at the Champs-Élysées, with [[Pablo de Sarasate]] playing the solo part and the composer conducting.<ref name="Ratner"/>

Several arrangements of the score have been made, including for violin and piano by [[Georges Bizet]], piano duet by [[Jacques Durand (publisher)|Jacques Durand]], and two pianos by [[Claude Debussy]].<ref name="Ratner"/>

== Instrumentation  ==
The work is scored for solo violin, 2 flutes/piccolo, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets (or cornets), 3 timpani and strings.<ref name="Ratner"/>

== Style and structure ==
[[File:Orchesterwerke Romantik Themen.pdf|450px|page=713]]

The piece opens with a 36-bar theme in A minor, (although the initial tempo should be Andante malinconico) establishing key as well as rhythmic and harmonic themes. The orchestra supports the violin with block chord progressions while the soloist plays virtuosic arpeggios and chromatic scalar passages. Saint-Saëns destabilizes the rhythm of the soloist oscillating between syncopated rising arpeggios and falling eighth notes.{{clarify|date=September 2014}}<!--How does this "destabilize" the rhythm?--> In bar 18 the motion picks up when the tempo indication changes from Andante malinconico to animato and the soloist jumps into a rapid thirty-second note line.

[[File:Orchesterwerke Romantik Themen.pdf|450px|page=714]]

== In popular culture ==
The 1939 film ''[[They Shall Have Music]]'' features a performance of the piece by the violin virtuoso [[Jascha Heifetz]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1939-08-07 |title=Cinema: New Picture: Aug. 7, 1939 |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,848070,00.html |access-date=2024-03-28 |work=Time |language=en-US |issn=0040-781X}}</ref>

The work also features prominently in the light novel, manga and anime ''[[Your Lie in April]]''.  It is played in its violin and piano arrangement by the show's two primary protagonists as part of a musical competition.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Catherina |first=Jenelle |date=2021-12-25 |title=How Your Lie in April Uses Real-Life Classical Music to Tell Its Powerful Story |url=https://www.cbr.com/how-your-lie-in-april-uses-beethoven-mozart-songs/ |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=CBR |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Peyo |date=2019-01-05 |title=Guide: A List of Music Pieces from “Your Lie in April” |url=https://pastimezone.wordpress.com/2019/01/05/list-of-music-from-your-lie-in-april/ |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=Pastime Zone |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMSLP|work=Introduction_et_Rondo_Capriccioso%2C_Op.28_%28Saint-Sa%C3%ABns%2C_Camille%29|cname=Introduction and Rondo capriccioso}}

{{Camille Saint-Saëns}}
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[[Category:Concertante works by Camille Saint-Saëns]]
[[Category:Compositions for violin and orchestra|Saint-Saens]]
[[Category:1863 compositions]]
[[Category:Compositions in A minor]]
[[Category:Music with dedications]]