View source for International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration

The '''International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration''' ('''INSDC''') consists of a joint effort to collect and disseminate [[database]]s containing [[DNA]] and [[RNA]] sequences.<ref>{{Cite journal 
| last1 = Karsch-Mizrachi | first1 = I. 
| last2 = Nakamura | first2 = Y. 
| last3 = Cochrane | first3 = G. 
| author4 = International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration 
| title = The International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration 
| doi = 10.1093/nar/gkr1006 
| journal = Nucleic Acids Research 
| volume = 40 
| issue = Database issue 
| pages = D33–D37 
| year = 2011 
| pmid = 22080546 
| pmc =3244996 
}}</ref> It involves the following computerized [[database]]s: [[National Institute of Genetics|NIG]]'s [[DNA Data Bank of Japan]] ([[Japan]]), [[National Center for Biotechnology Information|NCBI]]'s [[GenBank]] ([[United States|USA]]) and the [[European Molecular Biology Laboratory|EMBL]]-[[European Bioinformatics Institute|EBI]]'s [[European Nucleotide Archive]] ([[European Molecular Biology Laboratory|EMBL]]). New and updated data on [[nucleotide]] sequences contributed by research teams to each of the three databases are synchronized on a daily basis through continuous interaction between the staff at each the collaborating organizations.

All of the data in INSDC is available for free and unrestricted access, for any purpose, with no restrictions on analysis, redistribution, or re-publication of the data. This policy has been a foundational principle of the INSDC since its inception.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brunak |first1=Soren |last2=Danchin |first2=Antoine |last3=Hattori |first3=Masahira |last4=Nakamura |first4=Haruki |last5=Shinozaki |first5=Kazuo |last6=Matise |first6=Tara |last7=Preuss |first7=Daphne |title=Nucleotide sequence database policies |journal=Science |date=15 November 2002 |volume=298 |issue=5597 |pages=1333 |doi=10.1126/science.298.5597.1333b |pmid=12436968 |s2cid=42740562 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12436968/ |issn=1095-9203}}</ref> Since the 1990s, most of the world's major scientific journals have required that sequence data be deposited in an INSDC database as a pre-condition for publication.

The [[DDBJ]]/[[European Bioinformatics Institute|EMBL-EBI]]/[[GenBank]] synchronization is maintained according to a number of guidelines which are produced and published by an International Advisory Board.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insdc.org/page.php?page=advisors |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071209034402/http://www.insdc.org/page.php?page=advisors |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-12-09 |title=INSDC :: Advisors |access-date=2019-06-29}}</ref> The guidelines consist of a common definition of the feature tables <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ebi.ac.uk/embl/Documentation/FT_definitions/feature_table.html |title=The DDBJ/ENA/GenBank Feature Table Definition |publisher=Ebi.ac.uk |access-date=2019-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050324093906/http://www.ebi.ac.uk/embl/Documentation/FT_definitions/feature_table.html |archive-date=2005-03-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> for the databases, which regulate the content and [[syntax]] of the database entries,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena|title=European Nucleotide Archive < EMBL-EBI|website=www.ebi.ac.uk}}</ref> in the form of a common [[Document Type Definition|DTD]] (''Document Type Definition'').

The syntax is called INSDSeq and its core consists of the letter sequence of the [[gene expression]] ([[amino acid]] sequence) and the letter sequence for [[nucleotide]] bases in the gene or decoded segment. In a DBFetch operation shows a typical INSD entry at the EMBL-EBI database;<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ebi.ac.uk/cgi-bin/dbfetch?X56734 |title=Database Browsing |access-date=2005-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050212115209/http://www.ebi.ac.uk/cgi-bin/dbfetch?X56734 |archive-date=2005-02-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> the same entry at NCBI.<ref>{{cite web|author=USA |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=nucleotide&val=21954 |title=Trifolium repens mRNA for non-cyanogenic beta-glucosidase - Nucleotide - NCBI |publisher=Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |date=2019-05-06 |access-date=2019-06-29}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Bioinformatics]]
* [[Biological database]]
* [[List of biological databases]]
* [[National Center for Biotechnology Information]]
* [[Sequence database]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.insdc.org/ Official site]

==External links==
* {{official website|http://insdc.org}}
* [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/embl/Contact/collaboration.html EMBL-EBI INSDC site]
* [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/embl/index.html EMBL-EBI Nucleotide Database]
* [http://www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp/ DNA Data Bank of Japan]
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Nucleotide GenBank Nucleotide Search]

{{Bioinformatics}}

[[Category:Bioinformatics organizations]]
[[Category:Biology organisations based in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Databases in the United Kingdom]]
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