View source for Inter American Press Association

{{Short description|Press advocacy group}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2020}}
{{infobox organization
|name         = Inter American Press Association
|image        = File:Inter American Press Association logo.png
|size         = 
|abbreviation = IAPA
|motto        = 
|formation    = 1943
|type         = press advocacy group
|headquarters = [[Miami]], [[United States]]
|leader_title = 
|leader_name  = 
|website      = [http://www.sipiapa.com www.sipiapa.com]
}}
The '''Inter American Press Association''' ('''IAPA'''; [[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Sociedad Interamericana de Prensa'', SIP) is a press [[advocacy group]] representing major media organizations in [[North America]], [[South America]] and the [[Caribbean]]. It is made up of more than 1,300 print publications throughout the Western Hemisphere and is based in Miami, Florida. Every year it issues its IAPA/SIP Excellence in Journalism Awards in the fields of cartoon, online news coverage, news coverage, coverage on mobile phones, features, human rights and community service, photography, infographics, opinion, data journalism, in-depth journalism and press freedom.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.sipiapa.org/contenidos/call-for-entries.html|title=Call for entries - Inter American Press Association|website=sipiapa.org}}</ref>

IAPA has two autonomous affiliates – the IAPA Press Institute, which offers Latin American members advice on technical publishing matters and politics and the IAPA Scholarship Fund, which provides funds for educational activities.

IAPA is a member of the [[International Freedom of Expression Exchange]], a global network of more than 70 [[non-governmental organisation]]s that monitors press freedom and [[freedom of expression]] violations worldwide.

It has been criticized by many Latin American journalists' trade unions, who claim that it only represents the owners of the large media corporations, that it does not seem to defend journalists themselves, and that it is closely related to right-wing parties.

==History==
IAPA was conceived at the first [[Pan American Congress of Journalists]] in 1926, with a Permanent Commission established in 1942 after the second Congress. IAPA was founded in 1943, and in 1950 became an organisation fully independent of the region's governments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sipiapa.org/history.cfm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719232129/http://www.sipiapa.org/history.cfm|url-status=dead|title=History of IAPA|archivedate=July 19, 2011}}</ref> In 1954 it reached a record membership of 373, with the approval of 10 new member organizations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_editor-publisher_1954-10-02_87_41/page/40/mode/2up|title = Editor & Publisher 1954-10-02: Vol 87 Iss 41|date = 2 October 1954|publisher = Duncan McIntosh}}</ref>

In 1977 it was reported by [[Penthouse (magazine)|Penthouse]] that IAPA was funded by the [[CIA]].<ref>Joe Trento and Dave Roman, "The Spies Who Came In From the Newsroom," ''[[Penthouse (magazine)|Penthouse]]'', August 1977, pp. 44-46, 50</ref> 

In 2000 the IAPA inaugurated a new headquarters building, which it named after [[Jules Dubois]], who was Chairman of the Committee on Freedom of the Press and Information for 15 years (1950-1965).<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sipiapa.org/contenidos/home.html|title=Inicio- Sociedad Interamericana de Prensa|website=www.sipiapa.org}}</ref>

== Chapultepec Index ==
{{See also|World Press Freedom Index}}
[[File:Chapultepec Index 2023.svg|thumb|'''2023 Chapultepec Index'''
{{legend|Blue|Full freedom (81–100 points)}}
{{legend|Green|Low restriction (61–80 points)}}
{{legend|Yellow|Partial restriction (41–60 points)}}
{{legend|Pink|High restriction (21–40 points)}}
{{legend|Red|No freedom (0–20 points)}}
{{legend|Gray|No data}}

]]
The Chapultepec Index is an index on [[press freedom]] in the [[Americas]] that is created for the Inter American Press Society by the [[Andrés Bello Catholic University]] in consultation with various academics, attorneys and media experts in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=El Perú vuelve a caer en índice regional de libertad de expresión |url=http://consejoprensaperuana.org.pe/el-peru-vuelve-a-caer-en-indice-regional-de-libertad-de-expresion/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Consejo de la Prensa Peruana |language=en}}</ref>

Press freedom scores are organized as follows:<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=INDICE CHAPULTEPEC - FICHA METODOLÓGICA |url=https://www.indicedechapultepec.com/2020/metodologia.pdf |website=IAPA}}</ref>

* {{Colorbox|Blue}} Full freedom (81–100 points)
* {{Color box|Green}} Low restriction (61–80 points)
* {{Color box|Yellow}} Partial restriction (41–60 points)
* {{Color box|Pink}} High restriction (21–40 points)
* {{Color box|Red}} No freedom (0–20 points)

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" ;"
|+
!Country
!2020<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=ÍNDICE CHAPULTEPEC de Libertad de Expresión y Prensa 2020 |url=https://indicedechapultepec.com/2020/indice/1/graficos.pdf |website=IAPA}}</ref>
!2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=ÍNDICE CHAPULTEPEC de Libertad de Expresión y Prensa 2021 |url=https://indicedechapultepec.com/2021/indice/1/graficos.pdf |website=IAPA}}</ref>
!2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=ÍNDICE CHAPULTEPEC de Libertad de Expresión y Prensa 2022 |url=https://indicedechapultepec.com/2022/indice/1/graficos.pdf |website=IAPA}}</ref>
!2023<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=ÍNDICE CHAPULTEPEC de Libertad de Expresión y Prensa 2023 |url=https://www.indicedechapultepec.com/indice/1/graficos.pdf |website=IAPA}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Argentina}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|77.20
|style="background:gold|53.27 {{Decrease}}
|style="background:gold|55.14 {{Increase}}
|style="background:gold|51.34 {{Decrease}}
|-
|{{Flag|Bolivia}}
|style="background:pink|39.80
|style="background:gold|52.71 {{Increase}}
|style="background:gold|42.72 {{Decrease}}
|style="background:pink|33.88 {{Decrease}}
|-
|{{Flag|Brazil}}
|style="background:pink|37.20
|style="background:pink|31.60 {{Decrease}}
|style="background:gold|44.26 {{Increase}}
|style="background:gold|48.41 {{Increase}}
|-
|{{Flag|Canada}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|71.40
|style="background:ForestGreen|75.81 {{Increase}}
|style="background:RoyalBlue|80.42 {{Increase}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|75.30 {{Decrease}}
|-
|{{Flag|Chile}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|80.00
|style="background:RoyalBlue|82.06 {{Increase}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|73.35 {{Decrease}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|78.85 {{Increase}}
|-
|{{Flag|Colombia}}
|style="background:gold|57.50
|style="background:gold|57.23 {{Decrease}}
|style="background:gold|59.34 {{Increase}}
|style="background:gold|52.30 {{Decrease}}
|-
|{{Flag|Costa Rica}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|76.75
|style="background:ForestGreen|73.16 {{Decrease}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|73.83 {{Increase}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|61.60 {{Decrease}}
|-
|{{Flag|Cuba}}
|style="background:crimson|6.20
|style="background:crimson|11.11 {{Increase}}
|style="background:crimson|15.68 {{Increase}}
|style="background:crimson|14.30 {{Decrease}}
|-
|{{Flag|Dominican Republic}}
|style="background:gold|47.00
|style="background:ForestGreen|77.91 {{Increase}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|78.30 {{Increase}}
|style="background:RoyalBlue|81.08 {{Increase}}
|-
|{{Flag|Ecuador}}
|style="background:gold|42.50
|style="background:gold|55.86 {{Increase}}
|style="background:gold|49.55 {{Decrease}}
|style="background:gold|43.85 {{Decrease}}
|-
|{{Flag|El Salvador}}
|style="background:gold|42.60
|style="background:gold|41.74 {{Decrease}}
|style="background:pink|40.82 {{Decrease}}
|style="background:pink|34.25 {{Decrease}}
|-
|{{Flag|Guatemala}}
|style="background:gold|46.00
|style="background:gold|48.28 {{Increase}}
|style="background:pink|38.40 {{Decrease}}
|style="background:pink|32.07 {{Decrease}}
|-
|{{Flag|Honduras}}
|style="background:gold|53.00
|style="background:ForestGreen|61.47 {{Increase}}
|style="background:gold|53.07 {{Decrease}}
|style="background:pink|36.50 {{Decrease}}
|-
|{{Flag|Jamaica}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|65.00
|style="background:ForestGreen|78.36 {{Increase}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|80.40 {{Increase}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|76.78 {{Decrease}}
|-
|{{Flag|Mexico}}
|style="background:gold|55.00
|style="background:gold|49.21 {{Decrease}}
|style="background:gold|42.14 {{Decrease}}
|style="background:gold|41.82 {{Increase}}
|-
|{{Flag|Nicaragua}}
|style="background:crimson|16.00
|style="background:crimson|17.20 {{Increase}}
|style="background:crimson|9.50 {{Decrease}}
|style="background:crimson|8.50 {{Decrease}}
|-
|{{Flag|Panama}}
|style="background:gold|55.00
|style="background:ForestGreen|65.97 {{Increase}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|66.15 {{Increase}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|65.24 {{Decrease}}
|-
|{{Flag|Paraguay}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|67.40
|style="background:ForestGreen|69.22 {{Increase}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|66.25 {{Decrease}}
|style="background:gold|51.63 {{Decrease}}
|-
|{{Flag|Peru}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|67.80
|style="background:ForestGreen|69.85 {{Increase}}
|style="background:gold|55.14 {{Decrease}}
|style="background:gold|50.69 {{Decrease}}
|-
|{{Flag|United States}}
|style="background:gold|49.60
|style="background:ForestGreen|61.57 {{Increase}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|67.26 {{Increase}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|60.79 {{Decrease}}
|-
|{{Flag|Uruguay}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|74.40
|style="background:RoyalBlue|84.10 {{Increase}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|78.90 {{Decrease}}
|style="background:ForestGreen|69.81 {{Decrease}}
|-
|{{Flag|Venezuela}}
|style="background:crimson|3.80
|style="background:crimson|5.71 {{Increase}}
|style="background:crimson|10.58 {{Increase}}
|style="background:crimson|12.74 {{Increase}}
|-
|'''Average:'''
|51.42
|55.61 {{Increase}}
|53.69 {{Decrease}}
|47.84 {{Decrease}}
|}

==Presidents==
* [[Luis Franzini]], (Uruguay, 1951 - 1952)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[John S. Knight]], (US, 1952 - 1953)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Andrew Heiskell]], (US, 1961 - 1962)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Jack R. Howard]], (US, 1965 - 1966)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Lee Hills (journalist)|Lee Hills]], (US, 1967 - 1968)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Agustín Edwards]], (Chile, 1968 - 1969)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[James S. Copley]] (US, 1969 - 1970)
* [[M. F do Nascimento Brito]], (Brazil, 1970 - 1971)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Robert U. Brown]], (US, 1971 - 1973)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Julio de Mesquita Filho]], (Brazil, 1974 - 1975)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Argentina S. Hills]] (Puerto Rico, 1977 - 1978)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sipiapa.com/v4/index.php?page=cont_multimedia&idioma=sp&seccion=detalle&gal=5&id=35|title=Inicio- Sociedad Interamericana de Prensa|website=sipiapa.com}}</ref>
* [[Charles E. Scripps]], (US, 1981 - 1982)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[James B. McClatchy]] (US, 1991 - 1992)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Manuel J. Jiménez]] (Costa Rica, 1988 - 1989)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Danilo Arbilla]] (Uruguay, 2000 - 2001)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Robert J. Cox]], (US, 2001 - 2002)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Andrés García Gamboa]], (Mexico, 2002 - 2003)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Jack Fuller]], (US, 2003 - 2004)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Alejandro Miró Quesada]], (Peru, 2004 - 2005)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Scott C. Schurz]], (US, 2005)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Diana Daniels]], (US, 2005 - 2006)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Rafael Molina Morillo]], (Dominican Republic, 2006 - 2007)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Earl Maucker]] (US, 2007 - 2008)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Andrés García Lavín]] (Mexico, no dates given)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Gonzalo Marroquin]]
* [[Milton Coleman]] (US, 2011–Present)<ref name="auto"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official|http://www.sipiapa.com }}
* [http://www.impunidad.com/ Campaña Impunidad]


{{Authority control}}

[[Category:International journalism organizations]]
[[Category:Freedom of expression organizations]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1942]]