View source for Intel

{{Short description|American multinational technology company}}
 
{{About|the company|information gathering|Intelligence assessment|other uses|Intel (disambiguation)}}
{{Distinguish|Itel Mobile|Intelsat|Itel Corporation|Incel (company)}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2015}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Intel Corporation
| logo = Intel logo 2023.svg
| logo_upright = 0.8
| logo_caption = [[Intel logo]] since 2020
| image = Intel Headquarters in 2023.jpg
| image_upright = 1.1
| image_caption = Headquarters in [[Santa Clara, California]], in 2023
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| trade_name = Intel
| traded_as = {{unbulleted list|{{NASDAQ|INTC}}|[[Nasdaq-100]] component|[[S&P 100]] component|[[S&P 500]] component}}
[[DJIA]] component (1999-2024)
| founders = {{ubl|[[Gordon Moore]]|[[Robert Noyce]]}}
| hq_location_city = Santa Clara, California
| hq_location_country = U.S.<br/>{{Coord|37|23|16|N|121|57|49|W|type:landmarkregion:US-CA|display=title,inline}}
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{plainlist|
* [[Lip-Bu Tan]] ([[CEO]])
* Frank D. Yeary ([[chairman]])
* David Zinsner ([[CFO]])
}}
| industry = [[Semiconductor industry|Semiconductors]]
| products = 
| revenue = {{Decrease}} {{US$|53.1 billion}} (2024)
| operating_income = {{Decrease}} {{US$|-11.7 billion}} (2024)
| net_income = {{Decrease}} {{US$|-19.2 billion}} (2024)
| assets = {{Increase}} {{US$|196.5 billion}} (2024)
| equity = {{Decrease}} {{US$|105 billion}} (2024)
| num_employees = 83,300
| num_employees_year = 2025
| subsid = {{Plainlist|
* [[Mobileye]] (94.2%)
* [[Intel Ireland]]
}}
| founded = {{start date and age|1968|7|18}}
| former_name = NM Electronics (1968)
| website = {{URL|https://www.intel.com/|intel.com}}
| footnotes = <ref name="xbrlus_1">{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/50863/000005086325000009/intc-20241228.htm|title=Intel Corporation 2024 Annual Report (Form 10-K)|publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]|date=January 31, 2025}}</ref><ref name=Mobileye-S1>{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1910139/000110465922109469/tm227410-19_s1a.htm |title=Mobileye Global Inc. Form S1/A |date=October 18, 2022 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |access-date=November 2, 2022 |archive-date=October 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221029083635/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1910139/000110465922109469/tm227410-19_s1a.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

'''Intel Corporation''' is an American multinational technology company headquartered in [[Santa Clara, California]]. It designs, manufactures, and sells computer components such as [[central processing unit]]s (CPUs) and related products for business and consumer markets. Intel was the world's [[List of largest semiconductor chip manufacturers|third-largest semiconductor chip manufacturer]] by revenue in 2024 and has been included in the [[Fortune 500|''Fortune'' 500]] list of the [[List of largest companies in the United States by revenue|largest United States corporations by revenue]] since 2007. It was one of the first companies listed on [[Nasdaq]]. Since 2025, Intel is partially owned by the United States government.

Intel supplies [[List of Intel processors|microprocessors]] for most manufacturers of computer systems, and is one of the developers of the [[x86]] series of instruction sets found in most personal computers (PCs). It also manufactures [[chipset]]s, [[network interface controller]]s, [[flash memory]], [[List of Intel graphics processing units|graphics processing units]] (GPUs), and other devices related to communications and computing. Intel has a strong presence in the high-performance general-purpose and gaming PC market with its [[Intel Core]] line of CPUs, whose high-end models are among the fastest consumer CPUs, as well as its [[Intel Arc]] series of GPUs.

Intel was founded on July 18, 1968, by semiconductor pioneers [[Gordon Moore]] and [[Robert Noyce]], along with investor [[Arthur Rock]], and is associated with the executive leadership and vision of [[Andrew Grove]]. The company was a key component of the rise of [[Silicon Valley]] as a [[High tech|high-tech]] center, as well as being an early developer of [[static random-access memory|static]] (SRAM) and [[dynamic random-access memory]] (DRAM) chips, which represented the majority of its business until 1981. Although Intel created the world's first commercial microprocessor chip—the [[Intel 4004]]—in 1971, it was not until the success of the PC in the early 1990s that this became its primary business.

During the 1990s, the partnership between [[Microsoft Windows]] and Intel, known as [[Wintel]], became instrumental in shaping the PC landscape, solidifying Intel's position on the market. As a result, Intel invested heavily in new microprocessor designs in the mid-to-late 1990s, fostering the rapid growth of the PC industry. During this period, it became the dominant supplier of microprocessors, and was known for aggressive and [[Anti-competitive practices|anti-competitive tactics]] in defense of its market position, as well as a struggle with [[Microsoft]] for control over the direction of the PC industry. Since the 2000s and especially the late 2010s, Intel has faced increasing competition from [[AMD]], which has led to a decline in its dominance and market share in the PC market. Nevertheless, as of 2023, Intel still leads the x86 market by a wide margin.{{TOC limit|3}}

==History==
{{For timeline}}

===Origins===
[[File:Andy Grove Robert Noyce Gordon Moore 1978 edit.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Andrew Grove|Andy Grove]], [[Robert Noyce]] and [[Gordon Moore]] in 1978]]

Intel was incorporated in [[Mountain View, California]], on July 18, 1968, by [[Gordon E. Moore]], a [[chemist]]; [[Robert Noyce]], a physicist and co-inventor of the [[integrated circuit]]; and [[Arthur Rock]], an investor and [[venture capital]]ist.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Intel Corp $2,500,000 Convertible Debentures |url=https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Intel-Convertible-Note-220920.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603094214/https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Intel-Convertible-Note-220920.pdf |archive-date=June 3, 2023 |access-date=June 3, 2023 |publisher=Stanford Law School}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arthur Rock {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/arthur-rock |access-date=June 2, 2023 |website=www.encyclopedia.com |archive-date=June 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602213947/https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/arthur-rock |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timeline.intel.com/1968/a-rock-solid-startup |title=A Rock-Solid Startup |website=Intel |access-date=July 6, 2023 |quote=Rock was already a founding investor in Intel, along with Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore |archive-date=July 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162709/https://timeline.intel.com/1968/a-rock-solid-startup |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arthur Rock: Silicon Valley's Unmoved Mover {{!}} The Generalist |url=https://www.generalist.com/briefing/arthur-rock |access-date=June 2, 2023 |website=www.generalist.com |language=en |archive-date=June 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602213254/https://www.generalist.com/briefing/arthur-rock |url-status=live }}</ref> Moore and Noyce had left [[Fairchild Semiconductor]], where they were part of the "[[traitorous eight]]" who founded it. There were originally 500,000 shares outstanding of which Noyce bought 245,000 shares, Moore 245,000 shares, and Rock 10,000 shares; all at $1 per share. Rock offered $2,500,000 of convertible debentures to a limited group of private investors (equivalent to $21 million in 2022), convertible at $5 per share.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arthur Rock {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/arthur-rock |access-date=June 3, 2023 |website=www.encyclopedia.com |archive-date=June 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602213947/https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/arthur-rock |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Stanford Law School |first=Stanford Law School |date=2020 |title=TNTEL CORP $2, 500,000 CONVERTIBLE DEBEN'l'URES |url=https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Intel-Convertible-Note-220920.pdf |access-date=June 3, 2023 |archive-date=June 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603094214/https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Intel-Convertible-Note-220920.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Two years later, Intel became a [[public company]] via an [[initial public offering]] (IPO), raising $6.8 million ($23.50 per share). Intel was one of the first companies—and the oldest—to be listed on the then-newly established [[National Association of Securities Dealers]] Automated Quotation System ([[NASDAQ]]).<ref name="Intel_Museum">{{cite web |title=Intel Online Museum: Corporate Timeline (Archived version) |url=http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/history/historic-timeline.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103012023/http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/history/historic-timeline.html |archive-date=January 3, 2013 |access-date=July 23, 2011 |work=Intel Museum |publisher=Intel}}</ref> Intel's third employee was [[Andrew Grove|Andy Grove]], a [[chemical engineer]], who ran the company through much of the 1980s and the high-growth 1990s.

In deciding on a name, Moore and Noyce quickly rejected "Moore Noyce",<ref>{{cite web |url = http://download.intel.com/pressroom/kits/events/idffall_2007/TranscriptMoore-Gelsinger.pdf |title = IDF Transcript: Interview with Gordon Moore |publisher = Intel Corporation |date = August 18, 2007 |access-date = July 29, 2009 |archive-date = December 12, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201212202235/https://download.intel.com/pressroom/kits/events/idffall_2007/TranscriptMoore-Gelsinger.pdf |url-status = live }}</ref> a near-homophone for "more noise"&nbsp;– an ill-suited name for an [[electronics]] company, since [[electronic noise|noise in electronics]] is usually undesirable and typically associated with bad [[electromagnetic interference|interference]]. Instead, they founded the company as NM Electronics on July 18, 1968, but by the end of the month had changed the name to Intel, which stood for Integrated Electronics. Since "Intel" was already trademarked by the hotel chain Intelco, they had to buy the rights for the name.<ref name="Intel_Museum" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Valich |first=Theo |date=September 19, 2007 |title=Secret of Intel name revealed |url=http://www.theinquirer.net/default.aspx?article=42469 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120629001528/http://www.theinquirer.net/default.aspx?article=42469 |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 29, 2012 |work=[[The Inquirer]] |access-date=September 19, 2007 }}</ref>

===Early history===
At its founding, Intel was distinguished by its ability to make [[logic circuit]]s using [[semiconductor device]]s. The founders' goal was the [[semiconductor memory]] market, widely predicted to replace [[magnetic-core memory]]. Its first product, a quick entry into the small, high-speed memory market in 1969, was the 3101 [[Schottky transistor|Schottky TTL]] [[bipolar junction transistor|bipolar]] 64-bit [[static random-access memory]] (SRAM), which was nearly twice as fast as earlier Schottky diode implementations by Fairchild and the Electrotechnical Laboratory in [[Tsukuba]], Japan.<ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/semiconductor/timeline/1969-Schottky.html 1969&nbsp;– Schottky-Barrier Diode Doubles the Speed of TTL Memory & Logic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004034001/http://www.computerhistory.org/semiconductor/timeline/1969-Schottky.html |date=October 4, 2011 }} Computer History Museum. Retrieved September 23, 2011.</ref><ref>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B9rh9tVI0J5mZWJjZTRlN2MtOTJiMy00YmRmLWE0MjMtODI1ZDQ5MTU2YTFl&hl=en Schottky Bipolar 3101, 3101A RAMs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113161933/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B9rh9tVI0J5mZWJjZTRlN2MtOTJiMy00YmRmLWE0MjMtODI1ZDQ5MTU2YTFl&hl=en |date=January 13, 2012 }} Google Docs.</ref> In the same year, Intel also produced the 3301 Schottky bipolar 1024-bit [[read-only memory]] (ROM)<ref>{{cite web |title=Schottky Bipolar 3301A ROM |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9rh9tVI0J5mYWM3MGM1NWItYjI2YS00MGU0LWFiOGYtZjczZDdjY2IxNGJl/view |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114004128/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B9rh9tVI0J5mYWM3MGM1NWItYjI2YS00MGU0LWFiOGYtZjczZDdjY2IxNGJl&hl=en |archive-date=January 14, 2012 |access-date=November 21, 2011 |website=Google Docs}}</ref> and the first commercial [[MOSFET|metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor]] (MOSFET) [[silicon gate]] SRAM chip, the 256-bit 1101.<ref name="Intel_Museum" /><ref name="Intel-Product-Timeline">{{cite web|url=http://download.intel.com/museum/research/arc_collect/timeline/TimelineDateSort7_05.pdf |title=A chronological list of Intel products. The products are sorted by date. |access-date=July 31, 2007 |date=July 2005 |work=Intel museum |publisher=Intel Corporation |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070809053720/http://download.intel.com/museum/research/arc_collect/timeline/TimelineDateSort7_05.pdf |archive-date=August 9, 2007}}</ref><!-- I am not sure if this reference is formatted correctly with only the archive URL still operating.--><ref>{{cite web |title=Silicon Gate MOS 1101A RAM |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9rh9tVI0J5mYjBjNmY1YTktY2U2OS00MDNiLWI1YTAtZjhhOWE1NjQyN2Zk/view |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113192720/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B9rh9tVI0J5mYjBjNmY1YTktY2U2OS00MDNiLWI1YTAtZjhhOWE1NjQyN2Zk&hl=en |archive-date=January 13, 2012 |access-date=November 28, 2021 |website=Google Docs}}</ref>

While the 1101 was a significant advance, its complex static [[Memory cell (computing)|cell structure]] made it too slow and costly for [[mainframe computer|mainframe]] memories. The three-[[transistor]] cell implemented in the first commercially available [[dynamic random-access memory]] (DRAM), the [[Intel 1103|1103]] released in 1970, solved these issues. The 1103 was the bestselling semiconductor memory chip in the world by 1972, as it replaced core memory in many applications.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Sideris |first=George |title=The Intel 1103: The MOS memory that defied cores |magazine=Electronics |pages=108–113 |date=April 26, 1973}}</ref><ref name=Bellis>{{cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/who-invented-the-intel-1103-dram-chip-4078677|title=Who Invented the Intel 1103 DRAM Chip|author=Mary Bellis|date=August 25, 2016|publisher=[[ThoughtCo]]|access-date=February 6, 2018|archive-date=September 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905034436/https://www.thoughtco.com/who-invented-the-intel-1103-dram-chip-4078677|url-status=live}}</ref> Intel's business grew during the 1970s as it expanded and improved its manufacturing processes and produced a wider range of products, still dominated by various memory devices.

[[File:Federico Faggin (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Federico Faggin]], designer of the [[Intel 4004]]]]

Intel created the first commercially available microprocessor, the [[Intel 4004]], in 1971.<ref name="Intel_Museum" /> The microprocessor represented a notable advance in the technology of integrated circuitry, as it miniaturized the central processing unit of a computer, which then made it possible for small machines to perform calculations that in the past only very large machines could do. Considerable technological innovation was needed before the microprocessor could become the basis of what was first known as a "mini computer" and then a "personal computer".<ref>''The Unfinished Nation'', Volume 2, Brinkley, p. 786.</ref> Intel also created one of the first [[microcomputer]]s in 1973.<ref name="Intel-Product-Timeline" /><ref name="Intellec-1973">{{cite web |url=http://www.old-computers.com/MUSEUM/computer.asp?c=754&st=1 |title=Intel Intellec Series |access-date=July 31, 2007 |last=Silberhorn |first=Gottfried |author2=Colin Douglas Howell |work=old-computers.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727141838/http://www.old-computers.com/MUSEUM/computer.asp?c=754&st=1 |archive-date=July 27, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Intel opened its first international manufacturing facility in 1972, in Malaysia, which would host multiple Intel operations, before opening assembly facilities and semiconductor plants in Singapore and Jerusalem in the early 1980s, and manufacturing and development centers in China, India, and Costa Rica in the 1990s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Intel: 35 Years of Innovation (1968–2003) |url=https://www.intel.com/Assets/PDF/General/35yrs.pdf |publisher=Intel |year=2003 |access-date=June 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104070452/https://www.intel.com/Assets/PDF/General/35yrs.pdf |archive-date=November 4, 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> By the early 1980s, its business was dominated by DRAM chips. However, increased competition from Japanese semiconductor manufacturers had, by 1983, dramatically reduced the profitability of this market. The growing success of the [[IBM]] personal computer, based on an Intel microprocessor, was among factors that convinced Gordon Moore (CEO since 1975) to shift the company's focus to microprocessors and to change fundamental aspects of that business model. Moore's decision to sole-source Intel's 386 chip played into the company's continuing success.

By the end of the 1980s, buoyed by its position as microprocessor supplier to IBM and IBM's competitors within the rapidly growing [[IBM PC compatible|personal computer market]], Intel embarked on 10 years of unprecedented growth as the primary and most profitable hardware supplier to the PC industry, part of the winning "[[Wintel]]" combination of Intel CPUs running [[Microsoft Windows]]. This partnership would become instrumental in shaping the PC landscape,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Tilley |first=Aaron |date=Mar 10, 2017 |title=The End Of Wintel: How The Most Powerful Alliance In Tech History Is Falling Apart |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/aarontilley/2017/03/10/microsoft-intel-divorce/ |access-date=February 14, 2024 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite magazine |last=Metz |first=Cade |date=Mar 9, 2017 |title=Microsoft and Intel's Decades-Long Alliance Has Started To Fray |url=https://www.wired.com/2017/03/wintel-going-not-dead-yet/ |access-date=August 23, 2024 |magazine=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref> and solidified Intel's position on the market. Moore handed over his position as CEO to Andy Grove in 1987. By launching its Intel Inside [[marketing campaign]] in 1991, Intel was able to associate [[brand loyalty]] with consumer selection, so that by the end of the 1990s, its line of [[Pentium]] processors had become a household name.

During that period, it became the dominant supplier of PC microprocessors and was known for aggressive and [[anti-competitive tactics]] in defense of its market position, particularly against [[AMD]], as well as a struggle with [[Microsoft]] for control over the direction of the PC industry.<ref name="CNET September 23, 1998">{{cite web |last=Goodin |first=Dan |date=September 23, 1998 |title=Microsoft's holy war on Java |url=http://news.cnet.com/2009-1001-215854.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116214907/http://news.cnet.com/2009-1001-215854.html |archive-date=January 16, 2013 |access-date=November 18, 2018 |website=CNET}}</ref><ref name="BBC December 14, 1998">{{cite news |author-link=Graham Lea (journalist) |date=December 14, 1998 |title=USA versus Microsoft: the fourth week |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1998/04/98/microsoft/215645.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040303195205/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1998/04/98/microsoft/215645.stm |archive-date=March 3, 2004 |access-date=January 7, 2008 |work=BBC News |author-last=Lea |author-first=Graham}}</ref> In addition, the company is considered a key component of the rise of [[Silicon Valley]] as a [[High tech|high-tech]] center between the 1970s and 2000s.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=V. Nguyen |first=Kevin |date=August 19, 2024 |title=The fall of Intel is a cautionary tale for Silicon Valley |url=https://sfstandard.com/2024/08/19/intel-once-chip-leader-now-trailing/ |access-date=August 23, 2024 |website=The San Francisco Standard |language=en}}</ref>

===Challenges to dominance (2000s)===
As Intel exited other markets, the company depended so much on the 80386 and its successors that a marketing employee said that "there's only one product, and Andy Grove's the product manager".<ref name="inteloh20081202">{{Cite interview |last=Crawford |first=John |interviewer=Jim Jarrett |title=Intel 386 Microprocessor Design and Development Oral History Panel |last2=Hill |first2=Gene |last3=Leukhardt |first3=Jill |last4=Prak |first4=Jan Willem |last5=Slager |first5=Jim |url=https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2015/06/102702019-05-01-acc.pdf |access-date=2025-05-15 |publisher=Computer History Museum |place=Mountain View, California |language=en-US}}</ref> After 2000, growth in demand for high-end microprocessors slowed. Competitors, most notably AMD (Intel's largest competitor in its primary x86 architecture market), garnered significant market share, initially in low-end and mid-range processors but ultimately across the product range. Intel's dominant position in its core market was greatly reduced,<ref name="Wong">{{Cite news|url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/20060731/btintelchip31/intel-core-2-duo-a-big-leap-in-chip-race|title=Intel Core 2 Duo a big leap in chip race|last=Wong|first=Nicole|date=July 31, 2006|work=[[The Seattle Times]]|access-date=October 15, 2009|archive-date=December 5, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111205030002/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20060731&slug=btintelchip31|url-status=live}}</ref> mostly due to the controversial [[NetBurst]] microarchitecture. In the early 2000s, then-CEO, [[Craig Barrett (businessman)|Craig Barrett]] attempted to diversify the company's business beyond semiconductors, but few of these activities were ultimately successful.

====Litigation====
Intel was embroiled in litigation for several years. U.S. law did not initially recognize [[intellectual property rights]] related to microprocessor [[topology (electrical circuits)|topology]] (circuit layouts), until the [[Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984]], a law sought by Intel and the [[Semiconductor Industry Association]] (SIA).<ref>The Senate Report on the bill (S.Rep. No. 425, 98th Cong., 2d Sess. (1984)) stated: "In the semiconductor industry, innovation is indispensable; research breakthroughs are essential to the life and health of the industry. However, research and innovation in the design of semiconductor chips are threatened by the inadequacies of existing legal protection against piracy and unauthorized copying. This problem is addressed by the Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984. ...[The bill] would prohibit "chip piracy"—the unauthorized copying and distribution of semiconductor chip products copied from the original creators of such works." Quoted in [http://cases.justia.com/us-court-of-appeals/F2/977/1555/304802/ ''Brooktree Corp. v. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.''] {{Webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516134515/http://cases.justia.com/us-court-of-appeals/F2/977/1555/304802/ |date=May 16, 2016 }}, 977 F.2d 1555, 17 (Fed. Cir. 1992). See also ''Brooktree'', 21–22 (copyright and patent law ineffective).</ref> During the late 1980s and 1990s (after this law was passed), Intel also sued companies that tried to develop competitor chips to the [[Intel 80386|80386]] CPU.<ref name="ReferenceA">"Bill Gates Speaks", page 29. {{ISBN|978-0-471-40169-8}}</ref> The lawsuits were noted to significantly burden the competition with legal bills, even if Intel lost the suits.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> [[Antitrust]] allegations had been simmering since the early 1990s and had been the cause of one lawsuit against Intel in 1991. In 2004 and 2005, AMD [[Intel Corp. v. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.|brought further claims against Intel]] related to [[unfair competition]].

===Reorganization and success with Intel Core (2005–2015)===
In 2005, CEO [[Paul Otellini]] reorganized the company to refocus its core processor and chipset business on platforms (enterprise, digital home, digital health, and mobility).

On June 6, 2005, [[Steve Jobs]], then CEO of [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], announced that Apple would be using Intel's x86 processors for its [[Macintosh]] computers, switching from the [[PowerPC]] architecture developed by the [[AIM alliance]].<ref name="Apple Newsroom">{{cite web|title=Apple to Use Intel Microprocessors Beginning in 2006|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2005/06/06Apple-to-Use-Intel-Microprocessors-Beginning-in-2006/|access-date=February 15, 2021|website=Apple Newsroom|language=en-US|archive-date=January 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130185804/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2005/06/06Apple-to-Use-Intel-Microprocessors-Beginning-in-2006/|url-status=live}}</ref> This was seen as a win for Intel;<ref name="Markoff-2005">{{cite news|last1=Markoff|first1=John|author1-link=John Markoff|last2=Lohr|first2=Steve|date=June 6, 2005|title=Apple Plans to SwitchFrom I.B.M. to Intel Chips|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/06/technology/apple-plans-to-switchfrom-ibm-to-intel-chips.html |access-date=February 15, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904221915/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/06/technology/apple-plans-to-switchfrom-ibm-to-intel-chips.html|archive-date=September 4, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> an analyst called the move "risky" and "foolish", as Intel's current offerings at the time were considered to be behind those of AMD and IBM.<ref name="Computerworld1">{{cite news|last1=Bennett|first1=Amy|date=2005|title=Apple shifting from PowerPC to Intel|work=[[Computerworld]]|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2809210/apple-shifting-from-powerpc-to-intel.html|access-date=August 4, 2020|archive-date=November 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113060929/https://www.computerworld.com/article/2809210/apple-shifting-from-powerpc-to-intel.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2006, Intel unveiled its [[Intel Core (microarchitecture)|Core]] microarchitecture; the product range was perceived as an exceptional leap in processor performance that at a stroke regained much of its leadership of the field.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sandhu|first=Tarinder|date=July 14, 2006|title=Intel Core 2 Duo/Extreme processor review|publisher=Hexus technology news & reviews|url=http://www.hexus.net/content/item.php?item=6184|access-date=October 15, 2009|archive-date=October 16, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016044047/http://www.hexus.net/content/item.php?item=6184|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Schofield|first=Jack|date=July 27, 2006|title=Intel raises the bar as AMD drops prices in chip battle|work=The Guardian|location=UK|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/27/comment.insideit|access-date=October 15, 2009|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801210845/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/27/comment.insideit|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2008, Intel had another "tick" when it introduced the Penryn microarchitecture, fabricated using the 45&nbsp;nm process node. Later that year, Intel released a processor with the [[Nehalem (microarchitecture)|Nehalem]] architecture to positive reception.<ref>{{cite web|last=Nelson|first=Carl|title=Intel Core i7 "Nehalem" CPU Review|url=http://www.hardcoreware.net/reviews/review-372-11.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218162625/http://www.hardcoreware.net/reviews/review-372-11.htm|archive-date=December 18, 2013|access-date=December 9, 2013|work=www.hardcoreware.net}}</ref>

On June 27, 2006, the sale of Intel's [[XScale]] assets was announced. Intel agreed to sell the XScale processor business to [[Marvell Technology Group]] for an estimated $600&nbsp;million and the assumption of unspecified liabilities. The move was intended to permit Intel to focus its resources on its core x86 and server businesses, and the [[Mergers and acquisitions|acquisition]] completed on November 9, 2006.<ref name="XScale">{{Cite news|date=June 27, 2006|title=Marvell buys Intel's handheld processor unit for $600&nbsp;million|work=eetimes.com|publisher=CMP Media LLC.|url=http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=189601851|url-status=dead|access-date=July 12, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929101919/http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=189601851|archive-date=September 29, 2007}}</ref>

In 2008, Intel spun off key assets of a solar startup business effort to form an independent company, SpectraWatt Inc. In 2011, SpectraWatt filed for bankruptcy.<ref name="eetimes1">''[[EE Times]]''. [http://eetimes.com/electronics-news/4219234/Intel-s-solar-spinoff-files-for-bankruptcy "Intel's solar spinoff files for bankruptcy"]. August 23, 2011. Retrieved August 25, 2011. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930003258/http://eetimes.com/electronics-news/4219234/Intel-s-solar-spinoff-files-for-bankruptcy |date=September 30, 2011 }}</ref>

In February 2011, Intel began to build a new microprocessor manufacturing facility in [[Chandler, Arizona]], completed in 2013 at a cost of $5&nbsp;billion.<ref>[http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110218005980/en/Intel-Invest-5-Billion-Build-Factory-Arizona Intel to Invest More Than $5&nbsp;billion to Build New Factory in Arizona] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222175644/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110218005980/en/Intel-Invest-5-Billion-Build-Factory-Arizona |date=February 22, 2011 }}. Business Wire (February 18, 2011). Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref> The building is now the 10&nbsp;nm-certified Fab 42 and is connected to the other Fabs (12, 22, 32) on Ocotillo Campus via an enclosed bridge known as the Link.<ref>{{cite news |title=Video: Intel's Fab 42: A Peek Inside One of the World's Most Advanced Factories {{!}} Intel Newsroom |url=https://newsroom.intel.com/video-archive/video-intels-fab-42-a-peek-inside-one-of-the-worlds-most-advanced-factories/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007190402/https://newsroom.intel.com/video-archive/video-intels-fab-42-a-peek-inside-one-of-the-worlds-most-advanced-factories/ |archive-date=October 7, 2020 |access-date=September 7, 2020 |work=Intel Newsroom |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Ryan Randazzo |author2=Jerod MacDonald-Evoy |title=Intel says it's investing $7B in Chandler facility, bringing 3K jobs|url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/money/business/jobs/2017/02/08/intel-says-s-investing-7b-chandler-facility-bringing-3000-jobs-fab-42/97648708/|access-date=September 7, 2020|website=The Arizona Republic|language=en-US|archive-date=February 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208100456/https://www.azcentral.com/story/money/business/jobs/2017/02/08/intel-says-s-investing-7b-chandler-facility-bringing-3000-jobs-fab-42/97648708/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Pineda|first=Paulina|title=Roadwork paves way for Intel's massive Fab 42 campus in Chandler|url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/chandler/2019/06/17/roadwork-paves-way-intels-massive-fab-42-campus-chandler/1451103001/|access-date=September 7, 2020|website=The Arizona Republic|language=en-US|archive-date=February 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208100537/https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/chandler/2019/06/17/roadwork-paves-way-intels-massive-fab-42-campus-chandler/1451103001/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Shilov|first=Anton|title=Intel Q3 2019 Fab Update: 10nm Product Era Has Begun, 7nm On Track|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/15032/intel-2019-fab-update-10nm-hvm-7nm-on-track|access-date=September 7, 2020|website=www.anandtech.com|archive-date=October 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028134920/https://www.anandtech.com/show/15032/intel-2019-fab-update-10nm-hvm-7nm-on-track|url-status=dead}}</ref> The company produces three-quarters of its products in the United States, although three-quarters of its revenue come from overseas.<ref>{{cite news |title=Intel Plans to Build $5 Billion Chip Plant in Arizona |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-18/intel-plans-to-build-5-billion-chip-plant-in-arizona-hire-4-000-workers.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212035739/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-18/intel-plans-to-build-5-billion-chip-plant-in-arizona-hire-4-000-workers.html |archive-date=December 12, 2013 |access-date=July 8, 2011 |work=Bloomberg}}</ref>

The [[Alliance for Affordable Internet]] (A4AI) was launched in October 2013. Intel is part of the coalition of public and private organizations that includes [[Facebook]], [[Google]], and Microsoft. Led by [[Tim Berners-Lee|Sir Tim Berners-Lee]], the A4AI sought to make Internet access more affordable to broaden access in the developing world, where only 31% of people were online. Google would help lower Internet access prices to below the UN Broadband Commission's worldwide target of 5% of monthly income.<ref>{{cite news|author=Samuel Gibbs|date=October 7, 2013|title=Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Google lead coalition for cheaper Internet|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/oct/07/google-berners-lee-alliance-broadband-africa?CMP=EMCNEWEML6619I2&et_cid=51918&et_rid=7107573&Linkid=http%3a%2f%2fwww.theguardian.com%2ftechnology%2f2013%2foct%2f07%2fgoogle-berners-lee-alliance-broadband-africa|access-date=October 8, 2013|archive-date=October 19, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019223548/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/oct/07/google-berners-lee-alliance-broadband-africa?CMP=EMCNEWEML6619I2&et_cid=51918&et_rid=7107573&Linkid=http%3a%2f%2fwww.theguardian.com%2ftechnology%2f2013%2foct%2f07%2fgoogle-berners-lee-alliance-broadband-africa|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Attempts at entering the smartphone market====
In April 2011, Intel began a pilot project with [[ZTE Corporation]] to produce smartphones using the [[Intel Atom]] processor for China's domestic market. In December 2011, Intel announced that it reorganized several of its business units into a new mobile and communications group<ref>{{cite web |last=Barak |first=Sylvie |date=December 14, 2011 |title=Intel announces mobile and wireless reorganization |url=https://www.eetimes.com/Intel-announces-mobile-and-wireless-reorganization-/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104140430/http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4233223/Intel-announces-mobile-and-wireless-reorganization- |archive-date=January 4, 2012 |access-date=December 14, 2011 |website=[[EE Times]]}}</ref> that would be responsible for the company's smartphone, tablet, and wireless efforts. Intel planned to introduce Medfield – a processor for tablets and smartphones – to the market in 2012, as an effort to compete with [[Arm Holdings|Arm]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Crothers |first=Brooke |title=CNET: Product reviews, advice, how-tos and the latest news |url=https://www.cnet.com/?part=rss&subj=news&tag=2547-1_3-0-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208100459/https://www.cnet.com/?part=rss&subj=news&tag=2547-1_3-0-20 |archive-date=February 8, 2024 |access-date=July 1, 2011 |date=June 30, 2011 |website=CNET}}</ref> As a 32-nanometer processor, Medfield is designed to be energy-efficient, one of Arm's chips' core features.<ref>Agam Shah, ''[[IDG News]]''. [http://www.pcworld.com/article/229596/intels_new_smartphone_chip_is_key_arm_battle.html "Intel's New Smartphone Chip Is Key ARM Battle"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711142802/http://www.pcworld.com/article/229596/intels_new_smartphone_chip_is_key_arm_battle.html|date=July 11, 2011}}. June 7, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>

Intel's partnership with Google was announced at the Intel Developers Forum (IDF) 2011 in San Francisco. In January 2012, Google announced Android 2.3, supporting Intel's Atom microprocessor.<ref>Will Knight, ''[[Technology Review]]''. [http://www.technologyreview.com/energy/38578/?p1=A4 "Intel Chases a More Power-Efficient Future"]. September 15, 2011. Retrieved September 19, 2011.</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Nuttall |first=Chris |title=Intel and Google form Android chip alliance |url=https://www.ft.com/content/544c33a8-de3b-11e0-9fb7-00144feabdc0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129185021/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/544c33a8-de3b-11e0-9fb7-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1YRA3N2Dr |archive-date=November 29, 2011 |access-date=September 19, 2011 |date=September 13, 2011 |website=[[Financial Times]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>All Geek. [http://www.allgeek.tv/2011/09/12/intel-to-officially-support-android-2-3-gingerbread-by-january-2012/ "Intel to Officially Support Android 2.3 Gingerbread by January 2012"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129194512/http://www.allgeek.tv/2011/09/12/intel-to-officially-support-android-2-3-gingerbread-by-january-2012/|date=November 29, 2011}}. September 12, 2011. Retrieved September 19, 2011.</ref> In 2013, Intel's Kirk Skaugen said that Intel's exclusive focus on Microsoft platforms was a thing of the past and that they would now support all "tier-one operating systems" such as Linux, Android, iOS, and Chrome.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Clark|first1=Jack|date=November 22, 2013|title=Chipzilla couldn't keep up with ARM-dominated mobe world|url=http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2013/11/22/intel_end_of_wintel/|access-date=December 3, 2013|website=channelregister.co.uk|publisher=The Register|archive-date=December 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206211259/http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2013/11/22/intel_end_of_wintel/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2014, Intel dismissed thousands of employees in response to "evolving market trends",<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hargreaves|first1=Steve|date=January 17, 2014|title=Intel to cut over 5,000 jobs|website=cnn.com|publisher=CNNMoney|url=https://money.cnn.com/2014/01/17/technology/intel-jobs/|access-date=January 17, 2014|archive-date=January 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118015900/http://money.cnn.com/2014/01/17/technology/intel-jobs/|url-status=live}}</ref> and offered to subsidize manufacturers for the extra costs involved in using Intel chips in their tablets. In April 2016, Intel cancelled the [[SoFIA]] platform and the Broxton Atom SoC for smartphones,<ref>{{cite web|title=Intel's Changing Future: Smartphone SoCs Broxton & SoFIA Officially Cancelled|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/10288/intel-broxton-sofia-smartphone-socs-cancelled|access-date=June 13, 2017|website=Anandtech.com|archive-date=June 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630181344/http://www.anandtech.com/show/10288/intel-broxton-sofia-smartphone-socs-cancelled|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Edgar Cervantes|title=Intel exits the smartphone & tablet market after killing Broxton and SoFIA chips|url=http://www.androidauthority.com/intel-exits-smartphone-tablet-market-killing-broxton-sofia-chips-690218/|access-date=June 13, 2017|website=Androidauthority.com|date=May 2016|archive-date=June 16, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616035746/http://www.androidauthority.com/intel-exits-smartphone-tablet-market-killing-broxton-sofia-chips-690218/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Moorhead |first1=Patrick |title=Intel's New Strategy Is The Right One For The Company|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/patrickmoorhead/2016/04/28/intels-new-strategy-is-the-right-one-for-the-company/|access-date=June 13, 2017|website=Forbes.com|archive-date=September 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929024606/https://www.forbes.com/sites/patrickmoorhead/2016/04/28/intels-new-strategy-is-the-right-one-for-the-company/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=April 26, 2016|title=Brian Krzanich: Our Strategy and The Future of Intel &#124; Intel Newsroom|url=https://newsroom.intel.com/editorials/brian-krzanich-our-strategy-and-the-future-of-intel/|access-date=June 13, 2017|website=Newsroom.intel.com|archive-date=September 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903104927/https://newsroom.intel.com/editorials/brian-krzanich-our-strategy-and-the-future-of-intel/|url-status=live}}</ref> effectively leaving the smartphone market.<ref name="MyUser_Theverge.com_June_1_2016c">{{cite web|title=Intel's new smartphone strategy is to quit|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/3/11576216/intel-atom-smartphone-quit|access-date=June 1, 2016|newspaper=Theverge.com|date=May 3, 2016|archive-date=June 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604115948/http://www.theverge.com/2016/5/3/11576216/intel-atom-smartphone-quit|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="verge2">{{cite web|title=Intel knows it's no longer inside|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/31/11817818/intel-computex-2016-keynote-report|access-date=June 1, 2016|newspaper=Theverge.com|date=May 31, 2016|archive-date=June 1, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601022614/http://www.theverge.com/2016/5/31/11817818/intel-computex-2016-keynote-report|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Intel custom foundry====
Finding itself with excess fab capacity after the failure of the [[Ultrabook]] to gain market traction and with PC sales declining, in 2013 Intel reached a [[Semiconductor fabrication plant|foundry]] agreement to produce chips for [[Altera]] using a 14&nbsp;nm process. General Manager of Intel's custom foundry division Sunit Rikhi indicated that Intel would pursue further such deals in the future.<ref>{{cite web|last=Parnell|first=Brid-Aine|title=Intel throws open chip ovens to Altera – but who's next: Apple?|url=https://www.theregister.com/2013/02/26/intel_altera_chip_deal/|website=www.theregister.com|access-date=February 28, 2021|archive-date=August 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805002056/https://www.theregister.com/2013/02/26/intel_altera_chip_deal/|url-status=live}}</ref> This was after poor sales of [[Windows 8]] hardware caused a major retrenchment for most of the major semiconductor manufacturers, except for Qualcomm, which continued to see healthy purchases from its largest customer, Apple.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kunert|first=Paul|title=Intel and pals shrink their semis by $600m as demand droops|url=https://www.theregister.com/2013/03/18/chip_maker_cut_inventory/|website=www.theregister.com|access-date=February 28, 2021|archive-date=August 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808103807/https://www.theregister.com/2013/03/18/chip_maker_cut_inventory/|url-status=live}}</ref>

As of July 2013, five companies were using Intel's fabs via the ''Intel Custom Foundry'' division: [[Achronix]], [[Tabula (company)|Tabula]], Netronome, [[Microsemi]], and [[Panasonic]]{{snd}}most are [[field-programmable gate array]] (FPGA) makers, but Netronome designs network processors. Only Achronix began shipping chips made by Intel using the 22&nbsp;nm Tri-Gate process.<ref>[http://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/index.ssf/2013/07/intel_dabbles_in_contract_manu.html "Intel dabbles in contract manufacturing, weighing tradeoffs"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629122730/http://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/index.ssf/2013/07/intel_dabbles_in_contract_manu.html |date=June 29, 2017 }}, ''[[The Oregonian]]'', July 27, 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1280814 "Intel to make 22-nm chips for Microsemi"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928102843/http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1280814 |date=September 28, 2013 }}, ''[[EETimes]]'', February 5, 2013: "Microsemi...becomes Intel's fifth publicly disclosed foundry customer, joining network processor provider Netronome and FPGA vendors Altera, Achronix and Tabula."</ref> Several other customers also exist but were not announced at the time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Clark |first=Don |date=May 1, 2013 |title=Microsemi Emerges As Another Intel Manufacturing Customer |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-DGB-26802 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709234818/https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2013/05/01/microsemi-emerges-as-another-intel-manufacturing-customer/ |archive-date=July 9, 2017 |access-date=August 23, 2013 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |language=en-US |issn=0099-9660 |quote=Paul Otellini ... also reiterated that Intel has other foundry customers it has not announced.}}</ref>

The foundry business was closed in 2018 due to Intel's issues with its manufacturing.<ref>{{cite web|last=Riemenschneider|first=Frank|title=Four years after the announcement: Intel apparently closes down foundry business|url=https://www.elektroniknet.de/international/intel-apparently-closes-down-foundry-business.161048.html|access-date=April 8, 2021|website=Elektroniknet|language=de|archive-date=June 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616201735/https://www.elektroniknet.de/international/intel-apparently-closes-down-foundry-business.161048.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Cutress-2">{{cite web|last=Cutress|first=Dr Ian|title=Intel's New IDM 2.0 Strategy: $20b for Two Fabs, Meteor Lake 7nm Tiles, New Foundry Services, IBM Collaboration, Return of IDF|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/16573/intels-new-strategy-20b-for-two-fabs-meteor-lake-7nm-tiles-new-foundry-services-ibm-collaboration-return-of-idf|access-date=April 8, 2021|website=www.anandtech.com|archive-date=April 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415134711/https://www.anandtech.com/show/16573/intels-new-strategy-20b-for-two-fabs-meteor-lake-7nm-tiles-new-foundry-services-ibm-collaboration-return-of-idf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Security and manufacturing challenges (2016–2021)===
Intel continued its [[Tick–tock model]] of a microarchitecture change followed by a die shrink until the 6th-generation Core family based on the [[Skylake (microarchitecture)|Skylake]] microarchitecture. This model was deprecated in 2016, with the release of the 7th-generation Core family (codenamed [[Kaby Lake]]), ushering in the [[process–architecture–optimization model]]. As Intel struggled to shrink their process node from [[14 nm process|14 nm]] to [[10 nm process|10 nm]], processor development slowed down and the company continued to use the Skylake microarchitecture until 2020, albeit with optimizations.<ref name="Hruska-2019" />

====10 nm process node issues====
While Intel originally planned to introduce 10&nbsp;nm products in 2016, it later became apparent that there were manufacturing issues with the node.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cutress|first=Ian|title=Intel's 10nm Cannon Lake and Core i3-8121U Deep Dive Review|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/13405/intel-10nm-cannon-lake-and-core-i3-8121u-deep-dive-review|access-date=April 7, 2021|website=www.anandtech.com|archive-date=January 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129182035/https://www.anandtech.com/show/13405/intel-10nm-cannon-lake-and-core-i3-8121u-deep-dive-review|url-status=dead}}</ref> The first microprocessor under that node, [[Cannon Lake (microarchitecture)|Cannon Lake]] (marketed as 8th-generation Core), was released in small quantities in 2018.<ref name="Cutress">{{cite news|last=Cutress|first=Ian|title=Intel Mentions 10nm, Briefly|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/12271/intel-mentions-10nm-briefly|access-date=January 10, 2018|archive-date=January 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110014405/https://www.anandtech.com/show/12271/intel-mentions-10nm-briefly|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Intel discontinues Cannon Lake NUC">{{cite news|title=Intel discontinues Cannon Lake NUC|language=en|work=Tom's Hardware|url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/intel-fires-10nm-cannon-lake-nuc-into-oblivion|access-date=November 11, 2019|archive-date=February 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208100501/https://www.tomshardware.com/news/intel-fires-10nm-cannon-lake-nuc-into-oblivion|url-status=live}}</ref> The company first delayed the mass production of their 10&nbsp;nm products to 2017.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bright|first=Peter|date=July 15, 2015|title=Intel confirms tick-tock-shattering Kaby Lake processor as Moore's Law falters|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/07/intel-confirms-tick-tock-shattering-kaby-lake-processor-as-moores-law-falters/|access-date=July 27, 2016|publisher=Ars Technica|archive-date=July 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716010013/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/07/intel-confirms-tick-tock-shattering-kaby-lake-processor-as-moores-law-falters/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Shilov|first=Anton|title=Intel Delays Mass Production of 10 nm CPUs to 2019|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/12693/intel-delays-mass-production-of-10-nm-cpus-to-2019|access-date=April 7, 2021|website=www.anandtech.com|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126035733/https://www.anandtech.com/show/12693/intel-delays-mass-production-of-10-nm-cpus-to-2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> They later delayed mass production to 2018,<ref>{{cite web|last=Eassa|first=Ashraf|date=April 29, 2018|title=Intel Corp. Delays 10nm Chip Production|url=https://www.fool.com/investing/2018/04/29/intel-corp-delays-10nm-chip-production.aspx|access-date=April 7, 2021|website=The Motley Fool|language=en|archive-date=March 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326185419/https://www.fool.com/investing/2018/04/29/intel-corp-delays-10nm-chip-production.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> and then to 2019. Despite rumors of the process being cancelled,<ref>{{cite web|date=October 22, 2018|title=Intel kills off the 10nm process|url=https://www.semiaccurate.com/2018/10/22/intel-kills-off-the-10nm-process/|access-date=September 6, 2024|website=SemiAccurate|language=en-US}}</ref> Intel finally introduced mass-produced 10&nbsp;nm 10th-generation Intel Core mobile processors (codenamed "[[Ice Lake (microprocessor)|Ice Lake]]") in September 2019.<ref>{{cite web|date=January 21, 2016|title=Intel teases its Ice Lake & Tiger Lake family, 10nm for 2018 and 2019|url=http://www.tweaktown.com/news/49816/intel-teases-ice-lake-tiger-family-10nm-2018-2019/index.html|access-date=June 3, 2016|website=Tweaktown.com|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801203326/https://www.tweaktown.com/news/49816/intel-teases-ice-lake-tiger-family-10nm-2018-2019/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Intel later acknowledged that the strategy to shrink to 10&nbsp;nm was too aggressive.<ref name="Hruska-2019" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Oregonian/OregonLive|first=Mike Rogoway {{!}} The|date=May 3, 2018|title=Intel hits a wall on Moore's Law|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/2018/05/intel_hits_a_wall_on_moores_la.html|access-date=April 7, 2021|website=oregonlive|language=en|archive-date=June 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614025303/https://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/2018/05/intel_hits_a_wall_on_moores_la.html|url-status=live}}</ref> While other foundries used up to four steps in 10&nbsp;nm or 7&nbsp;nm processes, the company's 10&nbsp;nm process required up to five or six multi-pattern steps.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jenkins|first=Chris|date=May 7, 2018|title=Intel Foundries Continue to Face Issues and Another Spectre-Like Vulnerability Disclosure May Be Looming|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/05/07/intel-foundry-and-vulnerability-issues/|access-date=April 6, 2021|website=[[MacRumors]]|archive-date=April 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423002711/https://www.macrumors.com/2018/05/07/intel-foundry-and-vulnerability-issues/|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, Intel's 10&nbsp;nm process is denser than its counterpart processes from other foundries.<ref>{{cite web|date=March 12, 2018|title=Life at 10nm. (Or is it 7nm?) And 3nm – Views on Advanced Silicon Platforms|url=https://www.eejournal.com/article/life-at-10nm-or-is-it-7nm-and-3nm/|website=eejournal.com|access-date=April 8, 2021|archive-date=July 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709064439/https://www.eejournal.com/article/life-at-10nm-or-is-it-7nm-and-3nm/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Intel 10nm density is 2.7X improved over its 14nm node|language=en-GB|work=HEXUS|url=https://hexus.net/tech/news/cpu/119699-intel-10nm-density-27x-improved-14nm-node/|access-date=November 14, 2018|archive-date=August 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815155834/https://hexus.net/tech/news/cpu/119699-intel-10nm-density-27x-improved-14nm-node/|url-status=live}}</ref> Since Intel's microarchitecture and process node development were coupled, processor development stagnated.<ref name="Hruska-2019" />

====Security flaws====
{{Excerpt|Speculative execution CPU vulnerabilities}} In early January 2018, it was reported that all [[Intel CPUs|Intel processors]] made since 1995<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2018-01-04/intel-chip-flaw-a-security-threat/9303280|title=Processor vulnerabilities could leave most computers open to hackers|first=Ariel|last=Bogle|newspaper=ABC News|date=January 4, 2018|access-date=January 4, 2018|archive-date=January 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105012827/http://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2018-01-04/intel-chip-flaw-a-security-threat/9303280|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="telegraph2018flaw">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2018/01/03/fix-critical-intel-chip-flaw-will-slow-millions-computers/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2018/01/03/fix-critical-intel-chip-flaw-will-slow-millions-computers/ |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-status=live|url-access=subscription |title=Fix for critical Intel chip flaw will slow down millions of computers|website=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|first=Margi|last=Murphy|date=January 3, 2018|publisher=[[Telegraph Media Group]]|access-date=January 3, 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> (besides [[Intel Itanium]] and pre-2013 [[Intel Atom]]) had been subject to two security flaws dubbed [[Meltdown (security vulnerability)|Meltdown]] and [[Spectre (security vulnerability)|Spectre.]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/03/kernel-panic-what-are-meltdown-and-spectre-the-bugs-affecting-nearly-every-computer-and-device/|title=Kernel panic! What are Meltdown and Spectre, the bugs affecting nearly every computer and device?|first=Devin|last=Coldewey|date=January 4, 2018|access-date=January 4, 2018|archive-date=January 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104022457/https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/03/kernel-panic-what-are-meltdown-and-spectre-the-bugs-affecting-nearly-every-computer-and-device/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="wiredflaw">{{cite journal|url=https://www.wired.com/story/critical-intel-flaw-breaks-basic-security-for-most-computers/|title=A Critical Intel Flaw Breaks Basic Security for Most Computers|journal=[[Wired (website)|Wired]]|access-date=January 4, 2018|last1=Greenberg|first1=Andy|archive-date=January 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103204011/https://www.wired.com/story/critical-intel-flaw-breaks-basic-security-for-most-computers/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Renewed competition and other developments (2018–present)===
Due to Intel's issues with its 10&nbsp;nm process node and the company's slow processor development,<ref name="Hruska-2019" /> the company now found itself in a market with intense competition.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jennewine|first=Trevor|date=January 15, 2021|title=Why Intel's Competitive Edge Is Crumbling|url=https://www.fool.com/investing/2021/01/15/why-intels-competitive-edge-is-crumbling/|access-date=April 9, 2021|website=The Motley Fool|language=en|archive-date=April 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416001829/https://www.fool.com/investing/2021/01/15/why-intels-competitive-edge-is-crumbling/|url-status=live}}</ref> The company's main competitor, AMD, introduced the [[Zen (microarchitecture)|Zen]] microarchitecture and a new [[chiplet]]-based design to critical acclaim. Since its introduction, AMD, once unable to compete with Intel in the high-end CPU market, has undergone a resurgence,<ref>{{cite web|last=Morgan|first=Timothy Prickett|date=June 20, 2017|title=Competition returns to x86 servers in epyc fashion|url=https://www.nextplatform.com/2017/06/20/competition-returns-x86-servers-epyc-fashion/|access-date=May 9, 2021|archive-date=May 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509203701/https://www.nextplatform.com/2017/06/20/competition-returns-x86-servers-epyc-fashion/|url-status=live}}</ref> and Intel's dominance and market share have considerably decreased.<ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Ben|date=January 19, 2021|title=Intel Problems|url=https://stratechery.com/2021/intel-problems/|access-date=April 8, 2021|website=Stratechery by Ben Thompson|language=en-US|archive-date=April 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407090137/https://stratechery.com/2021/intel-problems/|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, Apple began to transition away from the x86 architecture and Intel processors to their own [[Apple silicon]] for their Macintosh computers in 2020. The transition is expected to affect Intel minimally; however, it might prompt other PC manufacturers to reevaluate their reliance on Intel and the x86 architecture.<ref name="Bloomberg1">{{cite news|last1=Gurman|first1=Mark|date=June 9, 2020|title=In a first, Apple plans to shift to its own processors to power new Mac computers|work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|agency=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]]|url=https://fortune.com/2020/06/09/in-a-first-apple-plans-to-shift-to-its-own-processors-to-power-new-mac-computers/|access-date=June 22, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207034336/https://fortune.com/2020/06/09/in-a-first-apple-plans-to-shift-to-its-own-processors-to-power-new-mac-computers/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Jean-Louis Gassée, 2020.06.21">{{cite news|last1=Gassée|first1=Jean-Louis|date=June 21, 2020|title=ARM Mac Impact On Intel|publisher=Monday Note|url=https://mondaynote.com/arm-mac-impact-on-intel-9641a8e73dca|access-date=June 23, 2020|archive-date=June 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622054518/https://mondaynote.com/arm-mac-impact-on-intel-9641a8e73dca|url-status=live}}</ref>

===='IDM 2.0' strategy====
On March 23, 2021, CEO Pat Gelsinger laid out new plans for the company.<ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Ben|date=March 24, 2021|title=Intel Unleashed, Gelsinger on Intel, IDM 2.0|url=https://stratechery.com/2021/intel-unleashed-gelsinger-on-intel-idm-2-0/|access-date=April 8, 2021|website=Stratechery by Ben Thompson|language=en-US|archive-date=April 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407235436/https://stratechery.com/2021/intel-unleashed-gelsinger-on-intel-idm-2-0/|url-status=live}}</ref> These include a new strategy, called IDM 2.0, that includes investments in manufacturing facilities, use of both internal and external foundries, and a new foundry business called Intel Foundry Services (IFS), a standalone business unit.<ref>{{cite news|title=Intel Unleashed: New Fabs, Tick-Tock Returns, Biggest Overhaul in Decades – ExtremeTech|url=https://www.extremetech.com/computing/321162-intel-unleashed-new-fabs-tick-tock-returns-biggest-overhaul-in-decades|access-date=April 8, 2021|newspaper=Extremetech|date=March 24, 2021|last1=Hruska|first1=Joel|archive-date=March 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331135144/https://www.extremetech.com/computing/321162-intel-unleashed-new-fabs-tick-tock-returns-biggest-overhaul-in-decades|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Manners|first=David|date=March 24, 2021|title=Intel Unleashed|url=https://www.electronicsweekly.com/news/business/intel-unleashed-2021-03/|access-date=April 8, 2021|website=Electronics Weekly|language=en|archive-date=March 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326112128/https://www.electronicsweekly.com/news/business/intel-unleashed-2021-03/|url-status=live}}</ref> Unlike Intel Custom Foundry, IFS will offer a combination of packaging and process technology, and Intel's IP portfolio including x86 cores. Other plans for the company include a partnership with [[IBM]] and a new event for developers and engineers, called "Intel ON".<ref name="Cutress-2" /> Gelsinger also confirmed that Intel's 7&nbsp;nm process is on track, and that the first products using their 7&nbsp;nm process (also known as Intel 4) are [[Intel Xe#Ponte Vecchio|Ponte Vecchio]] and [[Meteor Lake]].<ref name="Cutress-2" />

In January 2022, Intel selected [[New Albany, Ohio]], near [[Columbus, Ohio]], as the site for a major new manufacturing facility.<ref>{{cite web|last=Williams|first=Mark|title=Intel picks Greater Columbus for $20 billion semiconductor factory to employ 3,000 workers|url=https://www.dispatch.com/story/business/2022/01/14/factory-built-land-annexed-into-new-albany/6524507001/|date=January 14, 2022|website=The Columbus Dispatch|language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115003031/https://www.dispatch.com/story/business/2022/01/14/factory-built-land-annexed-into-new-albany/6524507001/ |archive-date=January 15, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> The facility will cost at least $20 billion.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Clark |first1=Don |title=Intel to Invest at Least $20 Billion in New Chip Factories in Ohio |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/21/technology/intel-chip-factories-ohio.html |access-date=January 21, 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=January 21, 2022 |archive-date=January 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121211418/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/21/technology/intel-chip-factories-ohio.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The company expects the facility to begin producing chips by 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=King |first1=Ian |title=Intel's $20 Billion Ohio Chip Hub Will Be World's Largest |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-21/intel-plans-to-spend-20-billion-on-ohio-chipmaking-hub?sref=CIpmV6x8 |access-date=January 21, 2022 |work=www.bloomberg.com |date=January 20, 2022 |archive-date=January 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121211636/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-21/intel-plans-to-spend-20-billion-on-ohio-chipmaking-hub?sref=CIpmV6x8 |url-status=live }}</ref> The same year Intel also choose [[Magdeburg]], Germany, as a site for two new chip mega factories for €17 billion (topping [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]]'s [[Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg|manufacturing plant investment]] in [[Brandenburg]]). The start of the construction was initially planned for 2023, but this has been postponed to late 2024, while the production start is scheduled for 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Intel: Baubeginn in Magdeburg Ende 2024 |url=https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/sachsen-anhalt/magdeburg/magdeburg/intel-chipfabrik-spatenstich-ende-zwanzig-vierundzwanzig-102.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |website=www.mdr.de |language=de |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206014656/https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/sachsen-anhalt/magdeburg/magdeburg/intel-chipfabrik-spatenstich-ende-zwanzig-vierundzwanzig-102.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Including subcontractors, this would create 10,000 new jobs.<ref>[https://www.rnd.de/politik/magdeburg-intel-will-zwei-ultramoderne-chipfabriken-bauen-lassen-JSVE6LOOWNAJJGXOTVOXLEKX74.html Ausgerechnet Magdeburg: Wie Intel eine ganze Region verändern wird] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702120723/https://www.rnd.de/politik/magdeburg-intel-will-zwei-ultramoderne-chipfabriken-bauen-lassen-JSVE6LOOWNAJJGXOTVOXLEKX74.html |date=July 2, 2022 }} on [[RedaktionsNetzwerk Deutschland]]</ref>

In August 2022, Intel signed a $30{{nbsp}}billion partnership with [[Brookfield Asset Management]] to fund its then-recent factory expansions. As part of the deal, Intel would have a controlling stake by funding 51% of the cost of building new chip-making facilities in Chandler. Brookfield owns the remaining 49% stake, allowing the companies to split the revenue from those facilities.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/intel-inks-30-billion-funding-partnership-with-brookfield-to-finance-chip-factory-expansion-11661254261|title=Intel Signs $30 Billion Funding Partnership With Brookfield to Finance Chip-Factory Expansion |date=August 23, 2022 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |first=Asa |last=Fitch |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824052759/https://www.wsj.com/articles/intel-inks-30-billion-funding-partnership-with-brookfield-to-finance-chip-factory-expansion-11661254261 |archive-date=August 24, 2022 |url-status=live|access-date=August 24, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/content/0a9a5439-391f-4689-bd5a-775c21dea026 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/0a9a5439-391f-4689-bd5a-775c21dea026 |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |url-status=live |title=Intel seals $30bn partnership with Brookfield to fund chip factories |date=August 23, 2022 |work=[[Financial Times]] |url-access=limited |first1=Antoine |last1=Gara |first2=Anna |last2=Gross}}</ref>

On January 31, 2023, as part of $3 billion in cost reductions, Intel announced pay cuts affecting employees above midlevel, ranging from 5% upwards. It also suspended bonuses and merit pay increases, reducing retirement plan matching. These cost reductions followed layoffs announced in the fall of 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rogoway |first1=Mike |title=Intel slashes wages, bonuses after disastrous quarterly results |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/2023/02/intel-slashes-wages-bonuses-after-disastrous-quarterly-results.html |access-date=February 1, 2023 |work=The Oregonian |date=January 31, 2023 |archive-date=February 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201044107/https://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/2023/02/intel-slashes-wages-bonuses-after-disastrous-quarterly-results.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In October 2023, Intel confirmed it would be the first commercial user of [[Extreme ultraviolet lithography|high-NA EUV lithography]] tool, as part of its plan to regain process leadership from [[TSMC]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Intel Corporation |title=Intel Reports Third-Quarter 2023 Financial Results |url=https://d1io3yog0oux5.cloudfront.net/_68614b7f1d0de99bd7f726f92c573cc8/intel/db/887/8973/earnings_release/Q3+23+EarningsRelease.pdf |access-date=November 19, 2023 |archive-date=November 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119214806/https://d1io3yog0oux5.cloudfront.net/_68614b7f1d0de99bd7f726f92c573cc8/intel/db/887/8973/earnings_release/Q3+23+EarningsRelease.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

In December 2023, Intel unveiled Gaudi3, an [[artificial intelligence]] (AI) chip for [[generative AI]] software which launched in 2024 and competes with rival chips from [[Nvidia]] and AMD.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leswing |first=Kif |date=December 14, 2023 |title=Intel unveils new AI chip to compete with Nvidia and AMD |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/12/14/intel-unveils-gaudi3-ai-chip-to-compete-with-nvidia-and-amd.html |access-date=December 15, 2023 |website=CNBC |archive-date=December 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215060332/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/12/14/intel-unveils-gaudi3-ai-chip-to-compete-with-nvidia-and-amd.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On June 4, 2024, Intel announced AI chips for data centers, the Xeon 6 processor, aiming for better performance and power efficiency compared to its predecessor. Intel's Gaudi 2 and Gaudi 3 [[AI accelerator|AI accelerators]] were revealed to be more cost-effective than competitors' offerings. Additionally, Intel disclosed architecture details for its [[Lunar Lake]] processors for AI PCs,<ref>{{cite news|title=Intel unveils new AI chips as it seeks to reclaim market share from Nvidia and AMD |date=June 4, 2024 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/06/04/intel-unveils-new-ai-chips-as-it-seeks-to-take-on-nvidia-and-amd.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604122852/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/06/04/intel-unveils-new-ai-chips-as-it-seeks-to-take-on-nvidia-and-amd.html |archive-date=June 4, 2024 |access-date=June 4, 2024}}</ref> which were released on September 24, 2024. 

In August 2024, after posting $1.6 billion in losses for Q2, Intel announced that it would cut 15,000 jobs to save $10 billion in 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=King |first1=Ian |title=Intel Shares Fall by Most Since at Least 1982 on Grim Forecast |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-08-01/intel-says-revenue-will-fall-short-of-expectations-cuts-jobs |access-date=August 3, 2024 |work=Bloomberg |date=August 1, 2024}}</ref> In order to reach this goal, the company would offer early retirement and voluntary departure options.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ortutay |first=Barbara |date=August 1, 2024 |title=Chipmaker Intel to cut 15,000 jobs as tries to revive its business and compete with rivals |url=https://apnews.com/article/intel-chip-ai-job-cuts-layoffs-loss-e61781e9364b69af63481c34ca5dcd67 |access-date=August 2, 2024 |website=AP News}}</ref>

On November 1, 2024, it was announced that Intel would drop out of the [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] on November 8 prior to the stock market open, with Nvidia taking its place.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/nvidia-replace-intel-dow-jones-industrial-average-2024-11-01 |title=Nvidia to take Intel's spot on Dow Jones Industrial Average |first=Arsheeya |last=Bajwa |work=Reuters |date=November 1, 2024 |access-date=January 13, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/11/01/nvidia-to-join-dow-jones-industrial-average-replacing-intel.html |title=Nvidia to join Dow Jones Industrial Average, replacing rival chipmaker Intel |work=CNBC |last=Leswing |first=Kif |date=November 1, 2024 |access-date=January 13, 2025}}</ref>

In July 2025, Intel confirmed that it would let go of nearly 24,000 employees—about 15% of its workforce—by the end of 2025 as part of a wider restructuring plan. Intel also announced plans to scrap tens of billions of planned investments in new chip facilities in Europe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-25 |title=Intel to cut 24,000 jobs, scrap mega-fab projects as new CEO slashes costs |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/news/story/intel-to-cut-24000-jobs-scrap-mega-fab-projects-as-new-ceo-slashes-costs-2760985-2025-07-25 |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-07-25 |title=Intel to axe 24,000 jobs — is your state or country on the layoff list? Here's who's affected most |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/intel-to-axe-24000-jobs-is-your-state-or-country-on-the-layoff-list-heres-whos-affected-most/articleshow/122905341.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-07-25 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chougule |first=Pragati |date=2025-07-25 |title=Intel to Cut 24,000 Jobs and Scrap Mega-Fab Projects as New CEO Slashes Costs |url=https://www.thebridgechronicle.com/tech/intel-cut-24000-jobs-scrap-mega-fab-projects-cost-cutting-2025 |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=The Bridge Chronicle |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Whelan |first=Robbie |title=Intel to Lay Off 15% of Workers, Cancel Billions in Projects in Bid for Rebound |url=https://www.wsj.com/business/earnings/intel-earnings-q2-intc-stock-00bacf74 |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=WSJ |date=July 24, 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In September 2025, Nvidia invested $5 billion in Intel as part of a partnership to jointly develop data-center and personal-computing CPUs. The move will allow Nvidia to offer its powerful servers—the GB300 based on Blackwell GPUs—to customers using Intel's X86 architecture.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Whelan |first=Amrith Ramkumar, Lauren Thomas and Robbie |date=2025-09-18 |title=Nvidia to Invest $5 Billion in Intel, Furthering Trump's Turnaround Plan |url=https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/nvidia-intel-5-billion-investment-ad940533 |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=The Wall Street Journal |language=en-US}}</ref>

In October 2025, Intel commenced talks to add rival AMD to its foundry customers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leswing |first=Kif |date=2025-10-01 |title=Intel stock pops on news company is in early talks to add AMD as a customer |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/10/01/intel-stock-amd-chips.html |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref>  

==== CEO replacement ====

In December 2024, Intel's CEO [[Pat Gelsinger]] was ousted amid ongoing struggles to revitalize the company, which declined in stock value during his tenure. Gelsinger's resignation, effective December 1, followed a board meeting where directors expressed dissatisfaction with the slow progress of his turnaround strategy. Despite efforts to enhance Intel's manufacturing capabilities and compete with rivals like AMD and Nvidia, the company faced mounting challenges, including a $16.6 billion loss and a 60% drop in share prices since Gelsinger's appointment in 2021. After his departure, Intel appointed David Zinsner and Michelle Johnston Holthaus interim co-CEOs while searching for a permanent successor. Gelsinger's exit underscored the turmoil at Intel as it grappled with its identity crisis and sought to regain its semiconductor industry position.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maruf |first=Ramishah |date=December 3, 2024 |title=Ousted Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger is leaving the company with millions {{!}} CNN Business |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/12/03/business/intel-ceo-gelsinger-ten-million-dollars/index.html |access-date=December 5, 2024 |website=CNN }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 2, 2024 |title=Intel CEO Forced Out by Board Frustrated With Slow Progress |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-12-02/intel-ceo-pat-gelsinger-retires-amid-chipmaker-s-turnaround-plan |access-date=December 5, 2024 |work=Bloomberg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel Announces Retirement of CEO Pat Gelsinger |date=December 2, 2024 |url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroom/news/intel-ceo-news-dec-2024.html#gs.iedq3k |access-date=December 5, 2024 |publisher=Intel}}</ref> 

On March 13, 2025, Intel announced the appointment of [[Lip-Bu Tan]] as their new CEO, effective March 18, after four months of interim co-CEOs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-12 |title=Intel hires former board member as new CEO in struggling chipmaker's latest comeback attempt |url=https://apnews.com/article/intel-new-ceo-lipbu-tan-chips-efcf8ab220b5927783924dd316cb4575 |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> Under Tan, Intel has engaged in a significant restructuring aimed at shrinking the company and refocusing on core businesses. In June, the company announced it would be closing down its automotive chipmaking business and laying off up to 20% of staff at its Hillsboro foundry.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roth |first=Emma |date=2025-06-26 |title=Intel is closing its automotive chipmaking business |url=https://www.theverge.com/news/693528/intel-automotive-business-shutdown-layoffs |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rogoway |first=Mike |date=2025-06-16 |title=Intel will lay off 15% to 20% of its factory workers, memo says |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/2025/06/intel-will-lay-off-15-to-20-of-its-factory-workers-memo-says.html |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=oregonlive |language=en}}</ref> In July, it was reported that Intel would be cutting 5,000 jobs across California, Oregon, Arizona, and Texas. It also spun off its artificial intelligence robotics and biometric company, [[Intel RealSense|RealSense]] as a separate entity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subin |first=Samantha |date=2025-07-11 |title=Intel spins out AI robotics company RealSense with $50 million raise |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/11/intel-ai-robotics-realsense.html |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> Intel's headcount in Israel also fell below 9,000 for the first time since 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-17 |title=Intel U.S. layoffs hit 5,000 as cost cuts deepen |url=https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/58ugduuuw |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=ctech |language=en}}</ref> The company's plan has ultimately called for 24,000 layoffs, axing plans to build a mega-fab, and assembly and testing facilities in Germany and Poland, and consolidating its assembly and test operations in Costa Rica into its Vietnam sites.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollister |first=Sean |date=2025-07-24 |title=Intel reveals it will shed 24,000 employees this year and retreat in Germany, Poland, and Costa Rica |url=https://www.theverge.com/news/713388/intel-q2-2025-leave-germany-poland-costa-rica |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}</ref>

On August 7, 2025, [[Donald Trump|President Trump]] called for Tan's removal as CEO due to his China connections.<ref name="Morris2025">{{cite web |url=https://fortune.com/2025/08/07/trump-intel-ceo-resignation-demand/ |title=Intel shares fall after Trump demands the CEO "resign, immediately" |date=2025-08-07 |accessdate=2025-08-10 |first1=Chris |last1=Morris |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]}}</ref> Tan was CEO of [[Cadence Design Systems]] when it unlawfully exported chips to China between 2015 and 2021,<ref name="Morris2025"/> and this drew criticism from [[Tom Cotton]], a senator from Arkansas.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pcmag.com/news/us-senator-questions-intel-ceos-ties-to-china |title=US Senator Questions Intel CEO's Ties to China |date=2025-08-06 |first1=Michael |last1=Kan |work=[[PCMag]] |accessdate=2025-08-10}}</ref> The attention caused Intel shares to drop more than 3% during intra-day trading.<ref name="Morris2025"/> Cadence pled guilty to the charges in 2025 and paid a fine of $140 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/cadence-design-systems-agrees-plead-guilty-and-pay-over-140-million-unlawfully-exporting |date=2025-07-28 |accessdate=2025-08-10 |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]] |title=Cadence Design Systems Agrees to Plead Guilty and Pay Over $140 Million for Unlawfully Exporting Semiconductor Design Tools to a Restricted PRC Military University}}</ref> In a letter to Intel employees, Tan said that he has "always operated within the highest legal and ethical standards".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/cpus/intel-ceo-lip-bu-tan-responds-to-trump-allegations-in-letter-i-have-always-operated-within-the-highest-legal-and-ethical-standards |title=Intel CEO Lip-Bu Tan responds to Trump allegations in letter: 'I have always operated within the highest legal and ethical standards' |date=2025-08-08 |publisher=[[Tom's Hardware]] |first1=Anton |last1=Shilov}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=https://newsroom.intel.com/corporate/my-commitment-to-you-and-our-company |title=My commitment to you and our company |publisher=[[Intel]] |date=2025-08-07 |accessdate=2025-08-10}}</ref> On August 11, 2025, Tan met with President Trump and Secretary of Commerce [[Howard Lutnick]] and Secretary of the Treasury [[Scott Bessent]] at the White House.<ref name="Novet-2025">{{Cite web |last=Novet |first=Jordan |date=2025-08-11 |title=Trump flip-flops on Intel CEO, calls him 'success' days after demanding resignation |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/08/11/intel-ceo-trump-lip-bu-tan.html |access-date=2025-08-19 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> Following the meeting, President Trump wrote in a [[Truth Social]] post that "the meeting was interesting" and Tan's "success and rise is an amazing story."<ref name="Novet-2025" /> 

=== U.S. government stake (2025) ===
In August 2025, the United States government purchased 433.3 million Intel shares at $20.47 per share, equivalent to a 9.9% stake.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morescalchi |first=Daniela |date=2025-08-22 |title=Intel and Trump Administration Reach Historic Agreement to Accelerate American Technology and Manufacturing Leadership |url=https://newsroom.intel.com/corporate/intel-and-trump-administration-reach-historic-agreement |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=Newsroom |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="wsj">{{cite news |last1=Ramkumar |first1=Amrith |last2=Whelan |first2=Robbie |last3=Schwartz |first3=Brian |title=Trump to Announce U.S. Taking Nearly 10% Stake in Intel |url=https://www.wsj.com/tech/trump-to-announce-u-s-taking-nearly-10-stake-in-intel-1a38225d |accessdate=2025-08-23 |work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> The investment was structured as a passive ownership with no board representation or governance rights, and included a five-year warrant to purchase up to an additional 5% stake if Intel's ownership of its foundry business falls below 51%.<ref>{{cite web 
 | title = Intel and Trump Administration Reach Historic Agreement to Accelerate American Technology and Manufacturing Leadership
 | website = Intel Newsroom
 | publisher = Intel Corporation
 | date = August 22, 2025
 | url = https://newsroom.intel.com/corporate/intel-and-trump-administration-reach-historic-agreement
 | access-date = August 23, 2025
}}</ref> The US government paid $20.47 per share, which was a discount to the $23 per share [[SoftBank Group|Softbank]] paid the prior week.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schwartz |first=Amrith Ramkumar, Robbie Whelan and Brian |title=Trump, Intel Agree to 10% U.S. Stake as President Promises More Deals |url=https://www.wsj.com/tech/trump-to-announce-u-s-taking-nearly-10-stake-in-intel-1a38225d |access-date=2025-08-28 |website=The Wall Street Journal |date=August 22, 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Competition from AMD in the server market ===
In 2024 and 2025, AMD made significant advances in the server CPU market, narrowing the gap with Intel. While some reports briefly indicated a near-equal market split, further investigation revealed that these initial figures were influenced by manipulated benchmark data and were corrected shortly thereafter. As of the third quarter of 2025, Intel retained a majority share of the server CPU market at 63.3%, with AMD close behind at 36.5%.<ref name="pcguide2025">{{cite web |date=24 July 2025 |title=No, AMD and Intel aren't 50/50 in server CPU market share, but AMD is definitely closing the gap |url=https://www.pcguide.com/news/no-amd-and-intel-arent-50-50-in-server-cpu-market-share-but-amd-is-definitely-closing-the-gap/ |access-date=24 July 2025 |website=The PC Guide}}</ref> While Intel remains the dominant player, it has seen its market share slip from over 90% in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Discuss |first=AleksandarK |date=2025-06-27 |title=Intel's Server Share Slips to 67% as AMD and Arm Widen the Gap |url=https://www.techpowerup.com/338409/intels-server-share-slips-to-67-as-amd-and-arm-widen-the-gap |access-date=2025-08-28 |website=TechPowerUp |language=en}}</ref>

==Products and markets==

===SRAMs, DRAMs, and the microprocessor===
Intel's first products were [[shift register]] memory and random-access [[Primary storage|memory]] integrated circuits, and Intel grew to be a leader in the fiercely competitive [[dynamic random-access memory|DRAM]], [[static random-access memory|SRAM]], and [[read-only memory|ROM]] markets throughout the 1970s. Concurrently, Intel engineers [[Marcian Hoff]], [[Federico Faggin]], [[Stanley Mazor]], and [[Masatoshi Shima]] invented Intel's first [[microprocessor]]. Originally developed for the Japanese company [[Busicom]] to replace a number of [[Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs]] in a calculator already produced by Busicom, the [[Intel 4004]] was introduced to the mass market on November 15, 1971, though the microprocessor did not become the core of Intel's business until the mid-1980s. (Note: Intel is usually given credit with [[Texas Instruments]] for the almost-simultaneous invention of the microprocessor.)

In 1983, at the dawn of the personal computer era, Intel's profits came under increased pressure from Japanese memory-chip manufacturers, and then-president Andy Grove focused the company on microprocessors. Grove described this transition in the book ''[[Only the Paranoid Survive]]''. A key element of his plan was the notion, then considered radical, of becoming the single source for successors to the popular [[Intel 8086|8086]] microprocessor.

Until then, the manufacture of complex integrated circuits was not reliable enough for customers to depend on a single supplier, but Grove began producing processors in three geographically distinct factories,{{which|date=October 2013}} and ceased licensing the chip designs to competitors such as AMD.<ref>{{cite news |title=Intel and the x86 Architecture: A Legal Perspective |url=https://jolt.law.harvard.edu/digest/intel-and-the-x86-architecture-a-legal-perspective |access-date=October 17, 2021 |date=January 4, 2011 |archive-date=October 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017024727/https://jolt.law.harvard.edu/digest/intel-and-the-x86-architecture-a-legal-perspective |url-status=live }}</ref> When the PC industry boomed in the late 1980s and 1990s, Intel was one of the primary beneficiaries.

===Early x86 processors and the IBM PC===
[[File:Intel 8742 153056995.jpg|thumb|The [[die (integrated circuit)|die]] from an Intel 8742, an [[8-bit computing|8-bit]] microcontroller that includes a [[CPU]] running at 12&nbsp;MHz, 128 bytes of [[RAM]], 2048 bytes of [[EPROM]], and [[Input/output|I/O]] in the same chip]]

Despite the ultimate importance of the microprocessor, the [[Intel 4004|4004]] and its successors the [[Intel 8008|8008]] and the [[Intel 8080|8080]] were never major revenue contributors at Intel.

In 1975, the company had started a project to develop a highly advanced 32-bit microprocessor, finally released in 1981 as the [[Intel iAPX 432]]. The project was too ambitious and the processor was never able to meet its performance objectives, and it failed in the marketplace. (Intel eventually extended the [[x86|x86 architecture]] to 32 bits instead.)<ref>{{cite web
  |last=Maliniak
  |first=Lisa
  |title=Ten Notable Flops: Learning From Mistakes
  |work=Electronic Design Online
  |date=October 21, 2002
|url=http://electronicdesign.com/Articles/Index.cfm?AD=1&ArticleID=2839
  |access-date=November 27, 2007
|url-status=dead
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216121817/http://electronicdesign.com/Articles/Index.cfm?AD=1&ArticleID=2839
  |archive-date=December 16, 2008

  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
  |last=Dvorak
  |first=John C.
  |author-link=John C. Dvorak
  |title=What Ever Happened to... Intel's Dream Chip?
  |date=February 1997
  |url=http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/retrocomputing/intel/iapx432/dreamchip.html
  |access-date=November 27, 2007
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018060554/http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/retrocomputing/intel/iapx432/dreamchip.html
  |archive-date=October 18, 2007
|url-status=dead
  }}</ref>

As the next processor, the [[Intel 8086|8086]] (and its variant the 8088) was completed in 1978, Intel embarked on a major marketing and sales campaign for that chip nicknamed "Operation Crush", and intended to win as many customers for the processor as possible. One design win was the newly created [[IBM PC]] division, though the importance of this was not fully realized at the time.

[[IBM]] introduced its personal computer in 1981, and it was rapidly successful. In 1982, Intel created the [[Intel 80286|80286]] microprocessor, which, two years later, was used in the [[IBM Personal Computer/AT|IBM PC/AT]]. [[Compaq]], the first IBM PC "clone" manufacturer, produced a desktop system based on the faster 80286 processor in 1985 and in 1986 quickly followed with the first [[Intel 80386|80386]]-based system, beating IBM and establishing a competitive market for PC-compatible systems and setting up Intel as a key [[component supplier]].

====386 microprocessor====
During this period [[Andrew Grove]] dramatically redirected the company, closing much of its [[DRAM]] business and directing resources to the [[microprocessor]] business. Of perhaps greater importance was his decision to "single-source" the 386 microprocessor. Prior to this, microprocessor manufacturing was in its infancy, and manufacturing problems frequently reduced or stopped production, interrupting supplies to customers. To mitigate this risk, these customers typically insisted that multiple manufacturers ([[second source]]s) produce chips they could use to ensure a consistent supply. The 8080 and 8086-series microprocessors were produced by several companies, notably AMD, with which Intel had a technology-sharing contract.
[[File:Intel chips 386 387.jpg|thumb|The 386 with the optional 387 co-processor]]
Grove made the decision not to license the 386 design to other manufacturers, instead, producing it in three geographically distinct factories: [[Santa Clara, California]]; [[Hillsboro, Oregon]]; and [[Chandler, Arizona|Chandler]], a suburb of [[Phoenix, Arizona]]. He convinced customers that this would ensure consistent delivery. In doing this, Intel breached its contract with AMD, which sued and was paid millions of dollars in damages but could not manufacture new Intel CPU designs any longer. (Instead, AMD started to develop and manufacture its own competing x86 designs.)

As the success of [[Compaq]]'s [[Compaq Deskpro 386|Deskpro 386]] established the 386 as the dominant CPU choice, Intel achieved a position of near-exclusive dominance as its supplier. Profits from this funded rapid development of both higher-performance chip designs and higher-performance manufacturing capabilities, propelling Intel to a position of unquestioned leadership by the early 1990s.

====486, Pentium, and Itanium====
Intel introduced the [[Intel 80486|486]] microprocessor in 1989, and in 1990 established a second design team, designing the processors code-named "[[P5 (microarchitecture)|P5]]" and "[[P6 (microarchitecture)|P6]]" in parallel and committing to a major new processor every two years, versus the four or more years such designs had previously taken. The P5 project was earlier known as "Operation Bicycle", referring to the cycles of the processor through two parallel execution pipelines. The P5 was introduced in 1993 as the Intel [[Pentium]], substituting a registered trademark name for the former part number. (Numbers, such as 486, cannot be legally registered as trademarks in the United States.) The P6 followed in 1995 as the [[Pentium Pro]] and improved into the [[Pentium II]] in 1997. New architectures were developed alternately in [[Santa Clara, California]], and [[Hillsboro, Oregon]].

The Santa Clara design team embarked in 1993 on a successor to the [[x86|x86 architecture]], codenamed "P7". The first attempt was dropped a year later but quickly revived in a cooperative program with [[Hewlett-Packard]] engineers, though Intel soon took over primary design responsibility. The resulting implementation of the [[Itanium|IA-64]] 64-bit architecture was the [[Itanium]], finally introduced in June 2001. The Itanium's performance running legacy x86 code did not meet expectations, and it failed to compete effectively with [[x86-64]], which was AMD's 64-bit extension of the 32-bit x86 architecture (Intel uses the name '''Intel 64''', previously '''EM64T'''). In 2017, Intel announced that the [[Kittson (processor)|Itanium 9700 series]] (Kittson) would be the last Itanium chips produced.<ref name="Davis 2017">{{cite web
  |url = https://itpeernetwork.intel.com/evolution-mission-critical-computing/
  |title = The Evolution of Mission Critical Computing
  |access-date = May 11, 2017
  |df = mdy-all
  |last = Davis
  |first = Lisa M.
  |date = May 11, 2017
  |work = Intel
  |quote = ...the 9700 series will be the last Intel Itanium processor.
  |archive-date = May 17, 2017
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170517090556/https://itpeernetwork.intel.com/evolution-mission-critical-computing/
  |url-status = live
  }}</ref><ref name="IA-PCWorld">{{cite web|title=Intel's Itanium, once destined to replace x86 processors in PCs, hits end of line|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/3196080/data-center/intels-itanium-once-destined-to-replace-x86-in-pcs-hits-end-of-line.html|website=PCWorld|access-date=May 15, 2017|language=en|date=May 11, 2017|archive-date=May 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515051735/http://www.pcworld.com/article/3196080/data-center/intels-itanium-once-destined-to-replace-x86-in-pcs-hits-end-of-line.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Hillsboro team designed the [[Pentium 4#Willamette|Willamette]] processors (initially code-named P68), which were marketed as the Pentium 4.{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}

During this period, Intel undertook two major supporting advertising campaigns. The first campaign, the 1991 "Intel Inside" marketing and branding campaign, is widely known and has become synonymous with Intel itself. The idea of "[[ingredient branding]]" was new at the time, with only [[NutraSweet]] and a few others making attempts to do so.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Richard S. Tedlow|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zQamXENAalkC&pg=RA1-PA256|title=Andy Grove: The Life and Times of an American Business Icon|year=2007|isbn=978-1-59184-182-1|page=256| publisher=Penguin }}</ref> One of the key architects of the marketing team was the head of the microprocessor division, [[David House (computer designer)|David House]].<ref>{{Cite journal |date=January 22, 2001 |title=Former Bay CEO to head startup |journal=Network World |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=8}}</ref> He coined the slogan "Intel Inside".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marshall |first=Jonathan |date=December 5, 1997 |title=An Organized House / Ex-Intel exec rebuilds Bay Networks with focus |url=https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/An-Organized-House-Ex-Intel-exec-rebuilds-Bay-2791338.php |access-date=July 7, 2023 |website=SFGATE |language=en-US |archive-date=June 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626225021/https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/An-Organized-House-Ex-Intel-exec-rebuilds-Bay-2791338.php |url-status=live }}</ref> This campaign established Intel, which had been a component supplier little-known outside the PC industry, as a household name.

The second campaign, Intel's Systems Group, which began in the early 1990s, showcased manufacturing of PC [[motherboard]]s, the main board component of a personal computer, and the one into which the processor (CPU) and memory (RAM) chips are plugged.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilson|first=Tracy V.|date=July 20, 2005|title=HowStuffWorks "How Motherboards Work"|url=http://computer.howstuffworks.com/motherboard.htm|access-date=July 29, 2010|publisher=Computer.howstuffworks.com|archive-date=August 13, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100813135305/http://computer.howstuffworks.com/motherboard.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The Systems Group campaign was lesser known than the Intel Inside campaign.

Shortly after, Intel began manufacturing fully configured "[[white box (computer hardware)|white box]]" systems for the dozens of PC clone companies that rapidly sprang up.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel Corporation The Architecture That Would Not Die |url=https://www.lawyersnjurists.com/article/intel-corporation-the-architecture-that-would-not-die/ |access-date=December 13, 2023 |website=The Lawyers & Jurists |archive-date=December 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213044237/https://www.lawyersnjurists.com/article/intel-corporation-the-architecture-that-would-not-die/ |url-status=live }}</ref> At its peak in the mid-1990s, Intel manufactured over 15% of all PCs, making it the third-largest supplier at the time.{{Citation needed|date=May 2009}}

During the 1990s, [[Intel Architecture Labs]] (IAL) was responsible for many of the hardware innovations for the PC, including the [[Conventional PCI|PCI]] Bus, the [[PCI Express]] (PCIe) bus, and [[Universal Serial Bus]] (USB). IAL's software efforts met with a more mixed fate; its video and graphics software was important in the development of software digital video,{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} but later its efforts were largely overshadowed by competition from Microsoft. The competition between Intel and Microsoft was revealed in testimony by then IAL Vice-president [[Steven McGeady]] at the [[United States v. Microsoft Corp. (2001)|Microsoft antitrust trial]] (''United States v. Microsoft Corp.'').

====Pentium flaw====
{{Main|Pentium FDIV bug}}

In June 1994, Intel engineers discovered a flaw in the [[floating-point]] math subsection of the [[P5 (microarchitecture)|P5]] [[Pentium|Pentium microprocessor]]. Under certain data-dependent conditions, the low-order bits of the result of a floating-point division would be incorrect. The error could compound in subsequent calculations. Intel corrected the error in a future chip revision, and under public pressure it issued a total recall and replaced the defective Pentium CPUs (which were limited to some 60, 66, 75, 90, and 100&nbsp;MHz [[Pentium FDIV bug#Affected models|models]]) on customer request.

The [[software bug|bug]] was discovered independently in October 1994 by Thomas Nicely, Professor of Mathematics at [[Lynchburg College]]. He contacted Intel but received no response. On October 30, he posted a message about his finding on the Internet.<ref name="Nicely-email">{{cite web |url=http://www.emery.com/nicely.htm |title=Thomas Nicely's Pentium email |access-date=July 12, 2007 |last=Nicely |first=Thomas |date=October 30, 1994 |publisher=Vince Emery Productions |archive-date=January 16, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116171317/http://www.emery.com/nicely.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> Word of the bug spread quickly and reached the industry press. The bug was easy to replicate; a user could enter specific numbers into the calculator on the operating system. Consequently, many users did not accept Intel's statements that the error was minor and "not even an erratum". During Thanksgiving, in 1994, ''[[The New York Times]]'' ran a piece by journalist [[John Markoff]] spotlighting the error. Intel changed its position and offered to replace every chip, quickly putting in place a large end-user [[Technical support|support]] organization. This resulted in a $475 million charge against Intel's 1994 [[revenue]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trnicely.net/#PENT|title=Personal website of Dr. Nicely, who discovered the bug|last=Nicely|first=Thomas|access-date=April 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712050001/http://www.trnicely.net/#PENT|archive-date=July 12, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nicely later learned that Intel had discovered the FDIV bug in its own testing a few months before him (but had decided not to inform customers).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trnicely.net/pentbug/pentbug.html|title="Pentium FDIV flaw" FAQ email from Dr. Nicely|last=Nicely|first=Thomas|access-date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313230545/http://www.trnicely.net/pentbug/pentbug.html|archive-date=March 13, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The "Pentium flaw" incident, Intel's response to it, and the surrounding media coverage propelled Intel from being a technology supplier generally unknown to most computer users to a household name. Dovetailing with an uptick in the "Intel Inside" campaign, the episode is considered to have been a positive event for Intel, changing some of its business practices to be more end-user focused and generating substantial public awareness, while avoiding a lasting negative impression.<ref>Grove, Andrew and Burgleman, Robert; ''Strategy Is Destiny: How Strategy-Making Shapes a Company's Future'', 2001, Free Press<!--needs page number--></ref>

=== Intel Core ===
{{Main|Intel Core}}

The Intel Core line originated from the original Core brand, with the release of the [[32-bit computing|32-bit]] ''[[Yonah (microprocessor)|Yonah]]'' [[CPU]], Intel's first [[dual-core]] mobile (low-power) processor. Derived from the [[Pentium M]], the processor family used an enhanced version of the P6 microarchitecture. Its successor, the [[Intel Core 2|Core 2]] family, was released on July 27, 2006. This was based on the Intel [[Intel Core (microarchitecture)|Core]] microarchitecture, and was a 64-bit design.<ref>{{cite web|title=Intel Microarchitecture|url=http://www.intel.com/technology/architecture-silicon/core/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612020454/http://www.intel.com/technology/architecture-silicon/core/|archive-date=June 12, 2009|access-date=December 13, 2010|publisher=Intel}}</ref> Instead of focusing on higher clock rates, the Core microarchitecture emphasized power efficiency and a return to lower clock speeds.<ref>{{cite web|title=Penryn Arrives: Core 2 Extreme QX9650 Review|url=http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,2208241,00.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031004242/http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0%2C1697%2C2208241%2C00.asp|archive-date=October 31, 2007|access-date=October 30, 2006|publisher=ExtremeTech}}</ref> It also provided more efficient decoding stages, execution units, [[CPU cache|caches]], and [[Bus (computing)|buses]], reducing the [[Electric energy consumption|power consumption]] of Core 2-branded CPUs while increasing their processing capacity.

In November 2008, Intel released the 1st-generation Core processors based on the [[Nehalem (microarchitecture)|Nehalem]] microarchitecture. Intel also introduced a new naming scheme, with the three variants now named Core i3, i5, and i7 (as well as i9 from 7th generation onwards). Unlike the previous naming scheme, these names no longer correspond to specific technical features. It was succeeded by the [[Westmere (microarchitecture)|Westmere]] microarchitecture in 2010, with a die shrink to 32&nbsp;nm and included Intel HD Graphics.

In 2011, Intel released the [[Sandy Bridge]]-based 2nd-generation Core processor family. This generation featured an 11% performance increase over Nehalem.<ref>{{cite web|author=Anand Lal Shimpi|title=The Sandy Bridge Review: Intel Core i7-2600K, i5-2500K and Core i3-2100 Tested|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/4083/the-sandy-bridge-review-intel-core-i7-2600k-i5-2500k-core-i3-2100-tested/1|access-date=May 27, 2015|work=anandtech.com|archive-date=May 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514034456/http://www.anandtech.com/show/4083/the-sandy-bridge-review-intel-core-i7-2600k-i5-2500k-core-i3-2100-tested/1|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was succeeded by [[Ivy Bridge (microarchitecture)|Ivy Bridge]]-based 3rd-generation Core, introduced at the 2012 Intel Developer Forum.<ref>Rick Merritt, ''[[EE Times]]''. [http://eetimes.com/electronics-news/4227214/Intel-describes-22nm-Ivy-Bridge-CPUs "Intel describes 22nm Ivy Bridge CPUs"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930003303/http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4227214/Intel-describes-22nm-Ivy-Bridge-CPUs |date=September 30, 2011 }}. September 13, 2011. Retrieved September 14, 2011.</ref> Ivy Bridge featured a die shrink to [[22 nm process|22 nm]], and supported both DDR3 memory and DDR3L chips.

Intel continued its [[Tick–tock model|tick-tock]] model of a microarchitecture change followed by a die shrink until the 6th-generation Core family based on the [[Skylake (microarchitecture)|Skylake]] microarchitecture. This model was deprecated in 2016, with the release of the 7th-generation Core family based on [[Kaby Lake]], ushering in the [[process–architecture–optimization model]].<ref name="anandtech-pao">{{cite web|title=Intel's 'Tick–Tock' Seemingly Dead, Becomes 'Process–Architecture–Optimization'|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/10183/intels-tick-tock-seemingly-dead-becomes-process-architecture-optimization|access-date=March 23, 2016|website=Anandtech.com|archive-date=March 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323075035/http://www.anandtech.com/show/10183/intels-tick-tock-seemingly-dead-becomes-process-architecture-optimization|url-status=dead}}</ref> From 2016 until 2021, Intel later released more optimizations on the Skylake microarchitecture with [[Kaby Lake|Kaby Lake R]], [[Amber Lake (microarchitecture)|Amber Lake]], [[Whiskey Lake (microprocessor)|Whiskey Lake]], [[Coffee Lake]], [[Coffee Lake Refresh|Coffee Lake R]], and [[Comet Lake (microprocessor)|Comet Lake]].<ref>{{cite news|title=New 8th Gen Intel Core Processors Optimize Connectivity, Great Performance, Battery Life for Laptops {{!}} Intel Newsroom|language=en-US|work=Intel Newsroom|url=https://newsroom.intel.com/news/new-8th-gen-intel-core-processors-optimized-connectivity-great-performance-long-battery-life-laptops/|access-date=August 28, 2018|archive-date=November 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109114349/https://newsroom.intel.com/news/new-8th-gen-intel-core-processors-optimized-connectivity-great-performance-long-battery-life-laptops/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Cutress|first1=Ian|date=September 25, 2017|title=Intel Announces 8th Generation Core "Coffee Lake" Desktop Processors: Six-core i7, Four-core i3, and Z370 Motherboards|publisher=Anandtech|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/11869/intel-announces-8th-generation-coffee-lake-hex-core-desktop-processors|access-date=February 15, 2021|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122073932/https://www.anandtech.com/show/11869/intel-announces-8th-generation-coffee-lake-hex-core-desktop-processors|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Intel Announces World's Best Gaming Processor: New 9th Gen Intel Core i9-9900K|url=https://newsroom.intel.com/news-releases/intel-announces-worlds-best-gaming-processor-new-9th-gen-intel-core-i9-9900k/|website=Intel Newsroom|access-date=February 15, 2021|archive-date=March 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304133209/https://newsroom.intel.com/news-releases/intel-announces-worlds-best-gaming-processor-new-9th-gen-intel-core-i9-9900k/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Intel Expands 10th Gen Intel Core Mobile Processor Family, Offering Double Digit Performance Gains|url=https://newsroom.intel.com/news/intel-expands-10th-gen-intel-core-mobile-processor-family-offering-double-digit-performance-gains/|access-date=August 24, 2019|website=Intel Newsroom|language=en-US|archive-date=August 21, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821132851/https://newsroom.intel.com/news/intel-expands-10th-gen-intel-core-mobile-processor-family-offering-double-digit-performance-gains/|url-status=live}}</ref> Intel struggled to shrink their process node from [[14 nm process|14 nm]] to [[10 nm process|10 nm]], with the first microarchitecture under that node, [[Cannon Lake (microarchitecture)|Cannon Lake]] (marketed as 8th-generation Core), only being released in small quantities in 2018.<ref name="Cutress"/><ref name="Intel discontinues Cannon Lake NUC"/>

In 2019, Intel released the 10th-generation of Core processors, codenamed "Amber Lake", "Comet Lake", and "[[Ice Lake (microprocessor)|Ice Lake]]". Ice Lake, based on the [[Sunny Cove]] microarchitecture, was produced on the 10&nbsp;nm process and was limited to low-power mobile processors. Both Amber Lake and Comet Lake were based on a refined 14&nbsp;nm node, with the latter being used for desktop and high-performance mobile products and the former used for low-power mobile products.

In September 2020, 11th-generation Core mobile processors, codenamed [[Tiger Lake (microprocessor)|Tiger Lake]], were launched.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cutress|first=Dr Ian|title=Intel's 11th Gen Core Tiger Lake SoC Detailed: SuperFin, Willow Cove and Xe-LP|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/15971/intels-11th-gen-core-tiger-lake-soc-detailed-superfin-willow-cove-and-xelp|access-date=April 6, 2021|website=www.anandtech.com|archive-date=May 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518152431/https://www.anandtech.com/show/15971/intels-11th-gen-core-tiger-lake-soc-detailed-superfin-willow-cove-and-xelp|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tiger Lake is based on the Willow Cove microarchitecture and a refined 10&nbsp;nm node.<ref>{{cite web|date=January 20, 2016|title=Intel teases its Ice Lake & Tiger Lake family, 10nm for 2018 and 2019|url=https://www.tweaktown.com/news/49816/intel-teases-ice-lake-tiger-family-10nm-2018-2019/index.html|access-date=February 15, 2021|website=TweakTown|language=en-US|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801203326/https://www.tweaktown.com/news/49816/intel-teases-ice-lake-tiger-family-10nm-2018-2019/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Intel later released 11th-generation Core desktop processors (codenamed "[[Rocket Lake]]"), fabricated using Intel's 14&nbsp;nm process and based on the [[Cypress Cove (microarchitecture)|Cypress Cove]] microarchitecture,<ref name="anandtech">{{cite web|date=October 29, 2020|title=Intel's 11th Gen Core Rocket Lake Detailed: Ice Lake Core with Xe Graphics|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/16205/intels-11th-gen-core-rocket-lake-detailed-ice-lake-core-with-xe-graphics|publisher=AnandTech|access-date=February 15, 2021|archive-date=November 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119072253/https://www.anandtech.com/show/16205/intels-11th-gen-core-rocket-lake-detailed-ice-lake-core-with-xe-graphics|url-status=dead}}</ref> on March 30, 2021.<ref>{{cite web|last=Alcorn|first=Paul|date=March 23, 2021|title=Intel Rocket Lake Price, Benchmarks, Specs and Release Date, All We Know|url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/intel-rocket-lake-release-date-specifications-performance-all-we-know|access-date=April 6, 2021|website=Tom's Hardware|language=en|archive-date=March 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324150510/https://www.tomshardware.com/news/intel-rocket-lake-release-date-specifications-performance-all-we-know|url-status=live}}</ref> It replaced Comet Lake desktop processors. All 11th-generation Core processors feature new integrated graphics based on the [[Intel Xe]] microarchitecture.<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Ryan|title=The Intel Xe-LP GPU Architecture Deep Dive: Building Up The Next Generation|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/15973/the-intel-xelp-gpu-architecture-deep-dive-building-up-from-the-bottom|access-date=February 15, 2021|website=www.anandtech.com|archive-date=August 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200816002207/https://www.anandtech.com/show/15973/the-intel-xelp-gpu-architecture-deep-dive-building-up-from-the-bottom|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Both desktop and mobile products were unified under a single process node with the release of 12th-generation Intel Core processors (codenamed "[[Alder Lake (microprocessor)|Alder Lake]]") in late 2021.<ref name="Cutress-3">{{cite web|last=Cutress|first=Dr Ian|title=Intel Alder Lake: Confirmed x86 Hybrid with Golden Cove and Gracemont for 2021|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/15979/intel-alder-lake-confirmed-x86-hybrid-with-golden-cove-and-gracemont-for-2021|access-date=February 15, 2021|website=www.anandtech.com|archive-date=August 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814201629/https://www.anandtech.com/show/15979/intel-alder-lake-confirmed-x86-hybrid-with-golden-cove-and-gracemont-for-2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Dexter|first=Alan|date=April 6, 2021|title=Intel Alder Lake CPUs: What are they, when will they launch, and how fast will they be?|url=https://www.pcgamer.com/intel-alder-lake-release-date-specs-performance-price/|access-date=April 7, 2021|magazine=[[PC Gamer]]|language=en-US|archive-date=April 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406112644/https://www.pcgamer.com/intel-alder-lake-release-date-specs-performance-price/|url-status=live}}</ref> This generation will be fabricated using Intel's 10&nbsp;nm process, called Intel 7, for both desktop and mobile processors, and is based on a [[Heterogeneous computing|hybrid architecture]] utilizing high-performance [[Golden Cove (microarchitecture)|Golden Cove]] cores and high-efficiency [[Gracemont (microarchitecture)|Gracemont]] (Atom) cores.<ref name="Cutress-3"/>

==== Transient execution CPU vulnerability ====
{{Excerpt|Transient execution CPU vulnerability}}

===Use of Intel products by Apple Inc. (2005–2019)===
{{further|Mac transition to Intel processors}}

On June 6, 2005, [[Steve Jobs]], then CEO of [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], announced that Apple would be transitioning the [[Macintosh]] from its long favored [[PowerPC]] architecture to the Intel x86 architecture because the future PowerPC road map was unable to satisfy Apple's needs.<ref name="Apple Newsroom"/><ref>{{cite web|date=June 6, 2005|title=Apple to Transition to Intel Processors|url=https://tidbits.com/2005/06/06/apple-to-transition-to-intel-processors/|access-date=February 15, 2021|website=TidBITS|language=en|archive-date=January 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119022131/https://tidbits.com/2005/06/06/apple-to-transition-to-intel-processors/|url-status=live}}</ref> This was seen as a win for Intel,<ref name="Markoff-2005"/> although an analyst called the move "risky" and "foolish", as Intel's current offerings at the time were considered to be behind those of AMD and IBM.<ref name="Computerworld1" /> The first Mac computers containing Intel CPUs were announced on January 10, 2006, and Apple had its entire line of consumer Macs running on Intel processors by early August 2006. The Apple Xserve server was updated to Intel [[Xeon]] processors from November 2006 and was offered in a configuration similar to Apple's Mac Pro.<ref name="newmacs">{{cite news|last=Fried|first=Ina|date=January 12, 2006|title=Jobs: New Intel Macs are 'screamers'|publisher=[[CNet]]|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/jobs-new-intel-macs-are-screamers-1/|access-date=February 21, 2020|archive-date=July 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729120618/https://www.cnet.com/news/jobs-new-intel-macs-are-screamers-1/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Despite Apple's use of Intel products, relations between the two companies were strained at times.<ref name="SanJoseMercuryNews1">{{cite news|last1=Chmielewski|first1=Dawn|date=June 7, 2005|title=2005: Changing Apple"s core — Jobs says Intel chips will replace IBM in Macintosh beginning next summer|work=[[The Mercury News|San Jose Mercury News]] (via [[The Monterey County Herald|Monterey Herald]])|url=https://www.montereyherald.com/2015/03/04/2005-changing-apples-core-jobs-says-intel-chips-will-replace-ibm-in-macintosh-beginning-next-summer/|access-date=June 24, 2020|archive-date=November 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110001518/https://www.montereyherald.com/2015/03/04/2005-changing-apples-core-jobs-says-intel-chips-will-replace-ibm-in-macintosh-beginning-next-summer/|url-status=live}}</ref> Rumors of Apple switching from Intel processors to their own designs began circulating as early as 2011.<ref name="SemiAccurate">{{cite web|last1=Demerjian|first1=Charlie|date=May 5, 2011|title=Apple dumps Intel from laptop lines|url=https://www.semiaccurate.com/2011/05/05/apple-dumps-intel-from-laptop-lines/|access-date=September 6, 2024|website=SemiAccurate|publisher=Stone Arch Networking Services, Inc.}}</ref> On June 22, 2020, during Apple's annual [[WWDC]], [[Tim Cook]], Apple's CEO, announced that it would be [[Mac transition to Apple silicon|transitioning the company's entire Mac line]] from Intel CPUs to [[Apple silicon|custom Apple-designed processors]] based on the [[ARM architecture family|Arm architecture]] over the course of the next two years. In the short term, this transition was estimated to have minimal effects on Intel, as Apple only accounted for 2% to 4% of its revenue. However, at the time it was believed that Apple's shift to its own chips might prompt other PC manufacturers to reassess their reliance on Intel and the x86 architecture.<ref name="Bloomberg1"/><ref name="Jean-Louis Gassée, 2020.06.21"/> By November 2020, Apple unveiled the [[Apple M1|M1]], its processor custom-designed for the Mac.<ref>{{cite web|last=Warren|first=Tom|date=June 22, 2020|title=Apple is switching Macs to its own processors starting later this year|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/6/22/21295475/apple-mac-processors-arm-silicon-chips-wwdc-2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622192505/https://www.theverge.com/2020/6/22/21295475/apple-mac-processors-arm-silicon-chips-wwdc-2020|archive-date=June 22, 2020 |access-date=June 22, 2020|website=The Verge}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=December 18, 2020|title=How Apple's M1 performs against Intel 11th-gen and AMD Ryzen 4000|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/3600897/tested-how-apples-m1-chip-performs-against-intel-11th-gen-and-amd-ryzen-4000.html|access-date=February 15, 2021|website=PCWorld|language=en|archive-date=February 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208182009/https://www.pcworld.com/article/3600897/tested-how-apples-m1-chip-performs-against-intel-11th-gen-and-amd-ryzen-4000.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=February 6, 2021|title=Intel benchmarks say Apple's M1 isn't faster. Let's reality-check the claims|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/3606592/intel-benchmarks-say-apples-m1-isnt-faster.html|access-date=February 15, 2021|website=PCWorld|language=en|archive-date=February 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213132050/https://www.pcworld.com/article/3606592/intel-benchmarks-say-apples-m1-isnt-faster.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Comparing the Apple M1 MacBook vs the Intel MacBook|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/comparing-the-apple-m1-macbook-vs-the-intel-macbook/articleshow/79733783.cms|access-date=February 15, 2021|website=Business Insider|archive-date=January 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127033738/https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/comparing-the-apple-m1-macbook-vs-the-intel-macbook/articleshow/79733783.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Solid-state drives (SSDs)===
{{See also|List of Intel SSDs}}
[[File:Intel 525 mSATA SSD.jpg|thumb|An Intel mSATA SSD]]
In 2008, Intel began shipping mainstream [[solid-state drive]]s (SSDs) with up to 160&nbsp;GB storage capacities.<ref name="X25-M1">[http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/2008/20080908comp.htm Intel Introduces Solid-State Drives for Notebook and Desktop Computers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100802024028/http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/2008/20080908comp.htm |date=August 2, 2010 }}. Intel (September 8, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref> As with their CPUs, Intel develops SSD chips using ever-smaller nanometer processes. These SSDs make use of industry standards such as [[NAND flash]],<ref>[http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/2010/20100201comp.htm Intel, Micron Introduce 25-Nanometer NAND&nbsp;– The Smallest, Most Advanced Process Technology in the Semiconductor Industry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110415182012/http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/2010/20100201comp.htm |date=April 15, 2011 }}. Intel (February 1, 2010). Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref> [[SATA#mSATA|mSATA]],<ref name="SSD310">[http://www.anandtech.com/show/4078/intels-ssd-310-g2-performance-in-an-msata-form-factor Intel's SSD 310: G2 Performance in an mSATA Form Factor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110505061850/http://www.anandtech.com/show/4078/intels-ssd-310-g2-performance-in-an-msata-form-factor |date=May 5, 2011 }}. AnandTech. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref> [[PCIe]], and [[NVM Express|NVMe]]. In 2017, Intel introduced SSDs based on [[3D XPoint]] technology under the Optane brand name.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tallis|first1=Billy|title=The Intel Optane SSD 900P 280GB Review|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/11953/the-intel-optane-ssd-900p-review|access-date=January 4, 2018|publisher=Anandtech|archive-date=October 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027140155/https://www.anandtech.com/show/11953/the-intel-optane-ssd-900p-review|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2021, [[SK Hynix]] acquired most of Intel's NAND memory business<ref>{{cite web|title=SK hynix to Acquire Intel NAND Memory Business|url=https://newsroom.intel.com/news-releases/nand-memory-news/|access-date=February 15, 2021|website=Intel Newsroom|language=en-US|archive-date=March 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306164624/https://newsroom.intel.com/news-releases/nand-memory-news/|url-status=live}}</ref> for $7 billion, with a remaining transaction worth $2 billion expected in 2025.<ref>{{cite web|title=Intel Sells SSD Business and Dalian Facility to SK hynix|url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroom/news/intel-sells-ssd-business-dalian-facility-sk-hynix.html|date=December 29, 2021|website=Intel|language=en|access-date=January 2, 2022|archive-date=January 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102015548/https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroom/news/intel-sells-ssd-business-dalian-facility-sk-hynix.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Intel also discontinued its consumer Optane products in 2021.<ref>{{cite web|date=January 19, 2021|title=Intel quietly kills its face-melting Optane desktop SSDs|first1=Brad|last1=Chacos|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/3604093/intel-quietly-kills-its-face-melting-optane-desktop-ssds.html|access-date=February 15, 2021|website=PCWorld|language=en|archive-date=March 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301173901/https://www.pcworld.com/article/3604093/intel-quietly-kills-its-face-melting-optane-desktop-ssds.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2022, Intel disclosed in its Q2 earnings report that it would cease future product development within its Optane business, which in turn effectively discontinued the development of 3D XPoint as a whole.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/17515/intel-to-wind-down-optane-memory-business |title=Intel To Wind Down Optane Memory Business – 3D XPoint Storage Tech Reaches Its End |date=July 28, 2022 |work=[[AnandTech]] |first=Ryan |last=Smith |access-date=July 28, 2022 |archive-date=July 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728233019/https://www.anandtech.com/show/17515/intel-to-wind-down-optane-memory-business |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Supercomputers===
The Intel Scientific Computers division was founded in 1984 by [[Justin Rattner]] to design and produce [[parallel computing|parallel computers]] based on Intel microprocessors connected in [[hypercube internetwork topology]].<ref name="wilson-1994">{{cite web|last=Wilson|first=Gregory|year=1994|title=The History of the Development of Parallel Computing|url=http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Parallel.html|access-date=November 11, 2010|archive-date=December 5, 1996|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961205015555/http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Parallel.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1992, the name was changed to the Intel Supercomputing Systems Division, and development of the [[iWarp]] architecture was also subsumed.<ref name="cmu-iwarp">{{cite web|title=iWarp Project|url=http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/iwarp/archive/WWW-pages/iwarp.html|access-date=November 11, 2010|publisher=[[Carnegie Mellon University]]|archive-date=June 10, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610044317/http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/iwarp/archive/WWW-pages/iwarp.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The division designed several [[supercomputer]] systems, including the [[Intel iPSC/1]], [[Intel iPSC/2|iPSC/2]], [[Intel iPSC/860|iPSC/860]], [[Intel Paragon|Paragon]] and [[ASCI Red]]. In November 2014, Intel stated that it was planning to use [[optical fiber]]s to improve networking within supercomputers.<ref>{{citation|last=Shah|first=Agam|title=Intel turns to light beams to speed up supercomputers|date=November 17, 2014|url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/2848400/components-processors/intel-turns-to-light-beams-to-speed-up-supercomputers.html|publisher=[[Computerworld]]|access-date=November 18, 2014|archive-date=November 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141118012819/http://www.computerworld.com/article/2848400/components-processors/intel-turns-to-light-beams-to-speed-up-supercomputers.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Fog computing===
On November 19, 2015, Intel, alongside [[Arm Holdings|Arm]], [[Dell]], [[Cisco Systems]], Microsoft, and [[Princeton University]], founded the [[OpenFog Consortium]], to promote interests and development in [[fog computing]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/janakirammsv/2016/04/18/is-fog-computing-the-next-big-thing-in-internet-of-things/2/#1971ac3a34c9|title=Is Fog Computing the Next Big Thing in the Internet of Things|last=Janakiram|first=MSV|date=April 18, 2016|work=Forbes Magazine|access-date=April 18, 2016|archive-date=February 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223022449/https://www.forbes.com/sites/janakirammsv/2016/04/18/is-fog-computing-the-next-big-thing-in-internet-of-things/2/#1971ac3a34c9|url-status=live}}</ref> Intel's Chief Strategist for the IoT Strategy and Technology Office, Jeff Fedders, became the consortium's first president.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.openfogconsortium.org/about-us/#governance|title=About Us – OpenFog Consortium|website=www.openfogconsortium.org|access-date=October 19, 2016|archive-date=December 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043330/https://www.openfogconsortium.org/about-us/#governance|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Self-driving cars===
Intel is one of the biggest stakeholders in the [[self-driving car]] industry, having joined the race in mid 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/09/intel-has-joined-the-self-driving-car-race.html|title=Intel has joined the self-driving car race|last=Balakrishnan|first=Anita|date=August 9, 2017|website=CNBC|access-date=October 2, 2017|archive-date=October 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002220533/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/09/intel-has-joined-the-self-driving-car-race.html|url-status=live}}</ref> after joining forces with [[Mobileye]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/automotive/autonomous-vehicles.html|title=The Next Era of Driving is Here|website=Intel|access-date=October 2, 2017|archive-date=October 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002220637/https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/automotive/autonomous-vehicles.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Intel's strategy to this is computer-centric, solutions-based and an end-to-end one spanning the car to the datacenter.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Moorhead |first=Patrick |title=Intel Absolutely A Player To Be Reckoned With In Autonomous Driving Technology |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/patrickmoorhead/2017/05/25/intel-absolutely-a-player-to-be-reckoned-with-in-autonomous-driving/ |access-date=2025-12-10 |work=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> The company is also one of the first in the sector to research consumer acceptance, after an AAA report quoted a 78% nonacceptance rate of the technology in the U.S.<ref name="Baldwin-2017">{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2017/08/24/intel-studies-how-to-make-people-accept-self-driving-cars/|title=Intel studies how to make people accept self-driving cars|last=Baldwin|first=Roberto|date=August 24, 2017|access-date=October 2, 2017|archive-date=October 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002215406/https://www.engadget.com/2017/08/24/intel-studies-how-to-make-people-accept-self-driving-cars/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Self-driving car#Levels of driving automation|Safety levels]] of autonomous driving technology, the thought of abandoning control to a machine, and psychological comfort of passengers in such situations were the major discussion topics initially. The commuters also stated that they did not want to see everything the car was doing. This was primarily a referral to the auto-steering wheel with no one sitting in the driving seat. Intel also learned that voice control regulator is vital, and the interface between the humans and machine eases the discomfort condition, and brings some sense of control back.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/intel-studies-self-driving-car-tackling-question-consumer-ahmad/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308202559/https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/intel-studies-self-driving-car-tackling-question-consumer-ahmad/|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 8, 2021|title=Intel Studies the Self-Driving Car: Tackling the Question of Consumer Acceptance|last=Ahmad|first=Taseer|date=August 29, 2017|website=LinkedIn Pulse|access-date=October 2, 2017}}</ref> It is important to mention that Intel included only 10 people in this study, which makes the study less credible.<ref name="Baldwin-2017" /> In a video posted on YouTube,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdEjbHzMAiM| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/YdEjbHzMAiM| archive-date=December 11, 2021 | url-status=live|title=Trust and Autonomous Driving|website=Youtube| date=August 24, 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Intel accepted this fact and called for further testing.

=== Programmable devices ===

Intel formed a new business unit called the Programmable Solutions Group (PSG) on completion of its [[Altera]] acquisition.<ref name="acq-altera">{{Cite web |last=Darrow |first=Barb |date=December 28, 2015 |title=Altera Gives Intel a Hot Hand in Programmable Chips |url=https://fortune.com/2015/12/28/intel-completes-altera-acquisition/ |access-date=August 24, 2023 |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |language=en |archive-date=August 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824191258/https://fortune.com/2015/12/28/intel-completes-altera-acquisition/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Intel has since sold [[Stratix]], Arria, and Cyclone [[FPGA]]s. In 2019, Intel released [[Agilex]] FPGAs: chips aimed at data centers, [[5G]] applications, and other uses.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fuse.wikichip.org/news/2182/intel-introduces-10nm-agilex-fpgas-customized-connectivity-with-hbm-ddr5-pcie-gen-5-and-112g-transceivers/|title=Intel Introduces 10nm Agilex FPGAs; Customized Connectivity with HBM, DDR5, PCIe Gen 5, and 112G Transceivers|first=David|last=Schor|date=April 2, 2019|access-date=September 16, 2021|archive-date=October 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015170916/https://fuse.wikichip.org/news/2182/intel-introduces-10nm-agilex-fpgas-customized-connectivity-with-hbm-ddr5-pcie-gen-5-and-112g-transceivers/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In October 2023, Intel announced it would be spinning off PSG into a separate company at the start of 2024, while maintaining majority ownership.<ref name="psg-spinoff1">{{Cite news |last=King |first=Ian |date=October 3, 2023 |title=Intel to Make Former Altera Into Standalone Business, Seek IPO |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-10-03/intel-to-make-former-altera-into-standalone-business-seek-ipo |publisher=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=October 5, 2023 |archive-date=October 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003223522/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-10-03/intel-to-make-former-altera-into-standalone-business-seek-ipo |url-status=live }}</ref> In September 2025, Intel sold the majority stake to [[Silver Lake (investment firm)|Silver Lake]] and retained a 49% passive stake.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ward-Foxton |first=Sally |date=September 15, 2025 |title=Altera CEO: ‘We Need To Fully Focus On Execution’ |url=https://www.eetimes.com/altera-ceo-we-need-to-fully-focus-on-execution/ |website=EE Times}}</ref>

===Platforms and standards===
*[[Centrino]]
*[[Common Building Block]]
*[[Ultrabook]]
*[[Intel Evo]]
*[[Muscle car|Muscle]] [[Laptop|(note)book]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Intel Alder Lake-HX: 16-core mobile CPU for the 'Muscle' laptop market|url=https://www.tweaktown.com/news/84783/intel-alder-lake-hx-16-core-mobile-cpu-for-the-muscle-laptop-market/index.html|website=TweakTown|date=2022-02-25|access-date=2025-11-30|language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Artificial intelligence|AI]] [[Quiet PC|quiet gaming laptop]] (AI 高静游戏本)<ref>{{Cite web|title=AI 高静游戏本，游戏本的六边形战士|url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/cn/zh/gaming/gaming-mode-to-end-users.html|website=Intel|access-date=2025-11-30|language=zh}}</ref>

===Competition, antitrust, and espionage===
{{See also|AMD v. Intel}}
By the end of the 1990s, [[microprocessor]] performance had outstripped software demand for that CPU power.{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}} Aside from high-end server systems and software, whose demand dropped with the end of the "[[dot-com bubble]]",<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tedlow |first=Richard S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zQamXENAalkC&dq=microprocessor+demand+dropped+with+the+end+of+the+%22dot-com+bubble%22&pg=PR15 |title=Andy Grove: The Life and Times of an American Business Icon |date=2007 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-1-59184-182-1 |language=en |access-date=July 6, 2023 |archive-date=October 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005044322/https://books.google.com/books?id=zQamXENAalkC&dq=microprocessor+demand+dropped+with+the+end+of+the+%22dot-com+bubble%22&pg=PR15 |url-status=live }}</ref> consumer systems ran effectively on increasingly low-cost systems after 2000.

Intel's strategy was to develop processors with better performance in a short time, from the appearance of one to the other, as seen with the appearance of the Pentium II in May 1997, the Pentium III in February 1999, and the Pentium 4 in the fall of 2000, making the strategy ineffective since the consumer did not see the innovation as essential,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=McDonough |first1=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HZLtCQAAQBAJ&dq=new+intel+processors+made+older+ones+obsolete&pg=PA1239 |title=The Advertising Age Encyclopedia of Advertising |last2=Egolf |first2=Karen |date=June 18, 2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-94906-8 |language=en |access-date=July 6, 2023 |archive-date=October 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005044322/https://books.google.com/books?id=HZLtCQAAQBAJ&dq=new+intel+processors+made+older+ones+obsolete&pg=PA1239 |url-status=live }}</ref> and leaving an opportunity for rapid gains by competitors, notably AMD. This, in turn, lowered the profitability{{Citation needed|date=May 2009}} of the processor line and ended an era of unprecedented dominance of the PC hardware by Intel.{{Citation needed|date=July 2007}}

Intel's dominance in the x86 microprocessor market led to numerous charges of [[antitrust]] violations over the years, including [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC]] investigations in both the late 1980s and in 1999, and civil actions such as the 1997 suit by [[Digital Equipment Corporation]] (DEC) and a patent suit by [[Intergraph]]. Intel's market dominance (at one time{{When|date=May 2009}} it controlled over 85% of the market for 32-bit x86 microprocessors) combined with Intel's own hardball legal tactics (such as its infamous 338 patent suit versus PC manufacturers)<ref>{{Cite news|last=McCausland|first=Richard|date=May 24, 1993|title=Counterpunch: Amx86 buyers get 'legal aid.' – Advanced Micro Devices offers legal aid to manufactures of Amx86-based machines warned by Intel Corp. to take out patent licenses|work=FindArticles|publisher=LookSmart Ltd.|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EKF/is_n1964_v39/ai_13901771|url-status=dead|access-date=July 12, 2007|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091001091856/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EKF/is_n1964_v39/ai_13901771|archive-date=October 1, 2009}}</ref>, culminating in Intel agreeing to pay AMD $1.25 billion and grant them a perpetual patent cross-license in 2009 as well as several anti-trust judgements in Europe, Korea, and Japan.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Intel criticizes, AMD applauds Japan anti-monopoly ruling |url=https://www.edn.com/intel-criticizes-amd-applauds-japan-anti-monopoly-ruling/ |last=Clarke |first=Peter |date=March 8, 2005 |access-date=October 15, 2022 |work=EDN |archive-date=October 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015214224/https://www.edn.com/intel-criticizes-amd-applauds-japan-anti-monopoly-ruling/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |title=Korea fines Intel $25 million for antitrust violations |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2786059/korea-fines-intel--25-million-for-antitrust-violations.html |last=Schwankert |first=Steven |date=June 5, 2008 |access-date=October 15, 2022 |work=Computerworld |archive-date=October 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015215730/https://www.computerworld.com/article/2786059/korea-fines-intel--25-million-for-antitrust-violations.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |title=Intel to pay AMD $1.25 billion, settle disputes |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-intel-amd/intel-to-pay-amd-1-25-billion-settle-disputes-idUSTRE5AB2LL20091112 |last=Lawsky |first=David |date=November 12, 2009 |access-date=October 15, 2022 |work=Reuters |archive-date=October 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015214223/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-intel-amd/intel-to-pay-amd-1-25-billion-settle-disputes-idUSTRE5AB2LL20091112 |url-status=live }}</ref>

A case of [[industrial espionage]] arose in 1995 that involved both Intel and AMD. [[Bill Gaede]], an [[Argentina|Argentine]] formerly employed both at AMD and at Intel's [[Chandler, Arizona|Arizona]] plant, was arrested for attempting in 1993 to sell the [[i486]] and [[P5 (microarchitecture)|P5]] Pentium designs to AMD and to certain foreign powers.<ref name="intel-spy">{{Cite news|date=October 20, 1995|title=Worker Pleads Not Guilty in Intel Spy Case|work=The New York Times|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE7D81239F933A15753C1A963958260|access-date=July 12, 2007|archive-date=December 17, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217020559/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE7D81239F933A15753C1A963958260|url-status=live}}</ref> Gaede videotaped data from his computer screen at Intel and mailed it to AMD, which immediately alerted Intel and authorities, resulting in Gaede's arrest. Gaede was convicted and sentenced to 33 months in prison in June 1996.<ref name="Guillermo Gaede">{{Cite news|date=June 25, 1996|title=Ex-Intel Engineer Sentenced to Prison Term|work=The New York Times|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E01E0DE1239F936A15755C0A960958260|access-date=July 12, 2007|archive-date=December 17, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217020859/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E01E0DE1239F936A15755C0A960958260|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Guilty">{{Cite news|date=March 25, 1996|title=Ex-Intel employee pleads guilty – Guillermo Gaede pleads guilty to stealing Intel trade secrets – Industry Legal Issue|work=findarticles.com|publisher=LookSmart, Ltd.|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EKF/is_n2109_v42/ai_18135525|url-status=dead|access-date=July 12, 2007|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091001091817/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EKF/is_n2109_v42/ai_18135525|archive-date=October 1, 2009}}</ref>

==Market standing==
===Operating segments===
* '''Client Computing Group'''{{snd}}51.8% of 2020 revenues{{snd}}produces [[central processing unit|PC processors]] and related components.<ref name="Intel Corporation">{{cite web|title=Operating Segments|url=https://www.intc.com/segments|access-date=January 28, 2021|website=Intel Corporation|language=en|archive-date=February 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201155947/https://www.intc.com/segments|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fool.com/investing/2017/12/24/what-is-the-intel-client-computing-group-ccg.aspx|title=What Is the Intel Client Computing Group (CCG)?|first=Ashraf|last=Eassa|date=December 24, 2017|website=The Motley Fool|access-date=September 16, 2021|archive-date=September 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916112956/https://www.fool.com/investing/2017/12/24/what-is-the-intel-client-computing-group-ccg.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''Data Center Group'''{{snd}}33.7% of 2020 revenues{{snd}}produces hardware components used in server, network, and storage platforms.<ref name="Intel Corporation" />
* '''Internet of Things Group'''{{snd}}5.2% of 2020 revenues{{snd}}offers platforms designed for retail, transportation, industrial, buildings and home use.<ref name="Intel Corporation" />
* '''Programmable Solutions Group'''{{snd}}2.4% of 2020 revenues{{snd}}manufactures programmable semiconductors (primarily [[FPGA]]s).<ref name="Intel Corporation" />

===Customers===
In 2023, [[Dell]] accounted for about 19% of Intel's total revenues, [[Lenovo]] accounted for 11% of total revenues, and [[HP Inc.]] accounted for 10% of total revenues.<ref name="xbrlus">{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/ixviewer/ix.html?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/50863/000005086324000010/intc-20231230.htm|title=Intel Corporation 2023 Annual Report (Form 10-K)|publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]|date=January 26, 2023|access-date=January 30, 2024|archive-date=January 30, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130081024/https://www.sec.gov/ixviewer/ix.html?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/50863/000005086324000010/intc-20231230.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> As of May 2024, the [[United States Department of Defense|U.S. Department of Defense]] is another large customer for Intel.<ref>{{cite web|title=Intel Wins US Government Project to Develop Leading-Edge Foundry...|url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroom/news/intel-wins-us-project-develop-foundry-ecosystem.html|access-date=November 10, 2021|website=Intel|language=en|archive-date=November 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110175758/https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroom/news/intel-wins-us-project-develop-foundry-ecosystem.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=August 23, 2021|title=Intel Wins US Government Project to Develop Leading-Edge Foundry Ecosystem|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210823005117/en/Intel-Wins-US-Government-Project-to-Develop-Leading-Edge-Foundry-Ecosystem|access-date=November 10, 2021|website=www.businesswire.com|language=en|archive-date=November 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110175756/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210823005117/en/Intel-Wins-US-Government-Project-to-Develop-Leading-Edge-Foundry-Ecosystem|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sebastian|first=Dave|date=August 23, 2021|title=Intel Lands Pentagon Deal to Support Domestic Chip Making|language=en-US|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/intel-wins-defense-department-award-for-domestic-chip-making-11629726220|access-date=November 10, 2021|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=November 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110175756/https://www.wsj.com/articles/intel-wins-defense-department-award-for-domestic-chip-making-11629726220|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Intel pressures the U.S. government to help subsidize chip manufacturing|url=https://news.yahoo.com/intel-pressures-u-government-help-000630446.html|access-date=November 10, 2021|website=news.yahoo.com|language=en-US|archive-date=November 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110175757/https://news.yahoo.com/intel-pressures-u-government-help-000630446.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2024, Intel reportedly qualified for as much as $3.5 billion in federal grants to make semiconductors for the Defense Department.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hawkins |first1=Mackenzie |last2=King |first2=Ian |title=Intel Solidifies $3.5 Billion Deal to Make Chips for Military |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-09-13/intel-solidifies-3-5-billion-deal-to-make-chips-for-us-military |access-date=September 16, 2024 |agency=Bloomberg |date=September 16, 2024}}</ref>

===Market share===
According to [[International Data Corporation|IDC]], while Intel enjoyed the biggest market share in both the overall worldwide PC microprocessor market (73.3%) and the mobile PC microprocessor (80.4%) in the second quarter of 2011, the numbers decreased by 1.5% and 1.9% compared to the first quarter of 2011.<ref>{{cite magazine|author=Dylan McGrath|magazine=[[EE Times]]|url=https://www.eetimes.com/IDC-cuts-PC-microprocessor-forecast/|title=IDC cuts PC microprocessor forecast|date=August 2, 2011|access-date=October 25, 2022|archive-date=October 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025122603/https://www.eetimes.com/IDC-cuts-PC-microprocessor-forecast/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Agam Shah, IDG News. [http://www.pcworld.com/article/237068/idc_reduces_yearly_processor_shipment_growth_forecast.html "IDC Reduces Yearly Processor Shipment Growth Forecast"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929170732/http://www.pcworld.com/article/237068/idc_reduces_yearly_processor_shipment_growth_forecast.html |date=September 29, 2011 }}. August 1, 2011. Retrieved August 2, 2011.</ref> As of 2023, Intel has a 68.4% market share in the x86 market.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Szewczyk |first=Chris |date=August 15, 2023 |title=Intel retakes some CPU market share from AMD as CPU shipments tick upwards |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/intel-retakes-some-cpu-market-share-from-amd-as-cpu-shipments-tick-upwards/ |access-date=February 17, 2024 |work=PC Gamer |language=en}}</ref> In 2024, Intel was the world's [[List of largest semiconductor chip manufacturers|third-largest semiconductor chip manufacturer]] by revenue.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Gartner Says Worldwide Semiconductor Revenue Grew 21% in 2024 |url=https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2025-04-10-gartner-says-worldwide-semiconductor-revenue-grew-21-percent-in-2024 |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=Gartner |language=en}}</ref>

Intel's market share decreased significantly in the [[Enthusiast computing|enthusiast]] market as of 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gamersnexus.net/guides/3542-gn-special-report-intel-vs-amd-sales-volume|title=GN Special Report: Intel vs. AMD Volume – AMD Moves 93% of CPU Sales to GN Readers|last=Burke|first=Steve|website=www.gamersnexus.net|date=December 10, 2019 |access-date=December 14, 2019|archive-date=December 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213092133/https://www.gamersnexus.net/guides/3542-gn-special-report-intel-vs-amd-sales-volume|url-status=live}}</ref> and they have faced delays for their 10&nbsp;nm products. According to former Intel CEO Bob Swan, the delay was caused by the company's overly aggressive strategy for moving to its next node.<ref name="Hruska-2019">{{cite news|url=https://www.extremetech.com/computing/295159-intel-acknowledges-its-long-10nm-delay-caused-by-being-too-aggressive|title=Intel Acknowledges It Was 'Too Aggressive' With Its 10nm Plans – ExtremeTech|newspaper=Extremetech|date=July 18, 2019|access-date=December 14, 2019|last1=Hruska|first1=Joel|archive-date=July 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718134101/https://www.extremetech.com/computing/295159-intel-acknowledges-its-long-10nm-delay-caused-by-being-too-aggressive|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Historical market share====
In the 1980s, Intel was among the world's top ten sellers of [[semiconductors]] (10th in 1987<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 7, 1992 |title=Intel Is Top U.S. Chip Maker |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/07/business/intel-is-top-us-chip-maker.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |pages=16}}</ref>). Along with [[Microsoft Windows]], it was part of the "[[Wintel]]" personal computer domination in the 1990s and early 2000s. In the 1990s, the company had a 90% market share in thr PC microprocessor market.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=June 2001 |title=1990s Intel |url=https://www.americanheritage.com/1990s-intel |access-date=August 28, 2024 |website=[[American Heritage (magazine)|American Heritage]] |language=en}}</ref> In 1992, Intel became the [[List of largest semiconductor chip manufacturers|biggest semiconductor chip maker]] by revenue<ref>{{cite web |last1=Intel |title=Intel Timeline: A History of Innovation |url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/history/historic-timeline.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706171443/https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/history/historic-timeline.html |archive-date=July 6, 2017 |access-date=July 7, 2017 |website=Intel}}</ref> and held the position until 2018 when [[Samsung Electronics]] surpassed it, but Intel returned to its former position the year after.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/intel-retook-semiconductor-top-spot-from-samsung-in-2019/|title=Intel retook semiconductor top spot from Samsung in 2019|first=Cho|last=Mu-Hyun|website=ZDNet|access-date=September 14, 2020|archive-date=August 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809175701/https://www.zdnet.com/article/intel-retook-semiconductor-top-spot-from-samsung-in-2019/|url-status=live}}</ref> Other major semiconductor companies include TSMC, [[GlobalFoundries]], [[Texas Instruments]], [[ASML Holding|ASML]], [[STMicroelectronics]], [[United Microelectronics Corporation]] (UMC), [[Micron Technology|Micron]], [[SK Hynix]], [[Kioxia]], and [[Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation|SMIC]].

Since the 2000s and especially the late 2010s, Intel has faced increasing competition from AMD, which has led to a decline in its dominance and market share in the PC market.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |author=Statista |date=July 19, 2024 |title=Distribution of Intel and AMD x86 computer central processing units (CPUs) worldwide from 2012 to 2024, by quarter |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/735904/worldwide-x86-intel-amd-market-share/ |access-date=August 29, 2024 |website=statista.com |language=en-us}}</ref>

===Major competitors===
Intel's competitors in PC chipsets included AMD, [[VIA Technologies]], [[Silicon Integrated Systems]], and [[Nvidia]]. Intel's competitors in networking include [[NXP Semiconductors]], [[Infineon]],{{update inline|infineon sold networking division to intel|date=February 2021}} [[Broadcom Limited]], [[Marvell Technology Group]] and [[Applied Micro Circuits Corporation]], and competitors in flash memory included [[Spansion]], Samsung Electronics, [[Qimonda]], Kioxia, STMicroelectronics, [[Micron Technology|Micron]], [[SK Hynix]], and [[IBM]].

The only major competitor in the x86 processor market is AMD, with which Intel has had full cross-licensing agreements since 1976: each partner can use the other's patented technological innovations without charge after a certain time.<ref name="Intel-AMD deal 2001">{{cite news |first=Ian |last=Fried |title=Intel, AMD sign new licensing deal |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/intel-amd-sign-new-licensing-deal/ |publisher=[[CNet]] |access-date=July 28, 2007 |date=April 4, 2001 |archive-date=October 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015234756/http://www.cnet.com/news/intel-amd-sign-new-licensing-deal/ |url-status=live }}</ref> However, the cross-licensing agreement is canceled in the event of an AMD bankruptcy or takeover.<ref name="Patent Cross License Agreement">{{cite news|title=Patent Cross License Agreement – Advanced Micro Devices Inc. and Intel Corp. |publisher=Findlaws, Inc |url=http://contracts.corporate.findlaw.com/agreements/amd/intel.license.2001.01.01.html |access-date=September 15, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621084244/http://contracts.corporate.findlaw.com/agreements/amd/intel.license.2001.01.01.html |archive-date=June 21, 2007}}</ref>

Some smaller competitors, such as VIA Technologies, produce [[low-power electronics|low-power]] x86 processors for small factor computers and portable equipment. However, the advent of such mobile computing devices, in particular, [[smartphone]]s, has led to [[Post-PC era|a decline in PC sales]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Lohr|first=Steve|title=Intel's Profit Falls 25% With Decline in Chip Sales|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/17/technology/intel-profits-fall-as-pc-slump-cuts-demand-for-chips.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220103/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/17/technology/intel-profits-fall-as-pc-slump-cuts-demand-for-chips.html |archive-date=January 3, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=April 17, 2013|date=April 16, 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Since over 95% of the world's smartphones currently use processors cores designed by [[Arm Holdings|Arm]], using the [[ARM architecture family|Arm instruction set]], Arm has become a major competitor for Intel's processor market. Arm is also planning to make attempts at setting foot into the PC and server market, with [[Ampere Computing|Ampere]] and [[IBM]] each individually designing CPUs for servers and [[supercomputer]]s.<ref>{{cite web|last=Morgan|first=Timothy|title=Why Are We Still Waiting For ARM Servers?|url=http://www.nextplatform.com/2015/10/06/why-are-we-still-waiting-for-arm-servers/|date=October 6, 2015|access-date=April 13, 2016|archive-date=April 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405040902/http://www.nextplatform.com/2015/10/06/why-are-we-still-waiting-for-arm-servers/|url-status=live}}</ref> The only other major competitor in processor instruction sets is [[RISC-V]], which is an [[Open-source software|open source]] CPU instruction set. The major Chinese phone and telecommunications manufacturer [[Huawei]] has released chips based on the RISC-V instruction set due to [[United States sanctions against China|US sanctions against China]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nellis |first1=Stephen |last2=Cherney |first2=Max |title=RISC-V technology emerges as battleground in US-China tech war |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/us-china-tech-war-risc-v-chip-technology-emerges-new-battleground-2023-10-06/ |access-date=December 17, 2023 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=October 7, 2023 |archive-date=December 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207190706/https://www.reuters.com/technology/us-china-tech-war-risc-v-chip-technology-emerges-new-battleground-2023-10-06/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Intel has been involved in several disputes regarding the violation of [[competition law|antitrust laws]], which are noted below.

=== Manufacturing ===
Intel has wafer fabrication plants in the United States, [[Intel Ireland|Ireland]], and Israel. It also has assembly and testing sites in China, Costa Rica, Malaysia, and Vietnam, and one site in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Many Manufacturing Fabs Does Intel Have? |url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000089875/programs/intel-corporation.html |access-date=December 2, 2023 |website=Intel |language=en |archive-date=December 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227123513/http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000089875/programs/intel-corporation.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How Many Manufacturing Fabs Does Intel Have? (Archived) |url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000089875/programs/intel-corporation.html |access-date=December 2, 2023 |website=Archive.is |language=en |archive-date=December 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231202183354/https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000089875/programs/intel-corporation.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Intel's ability to design and [[Semiconductor device fabrication|manufacture]] its own chips is considered a rarity in the [[semiconductor industry]], as most chip designers [[Fabless manufacturing|do not have their own production facilities]] and instead [[Foundry model|rely on contract manufacturers]] (e.g. TSMC, [[Foxconn]] and [[Samsung Electronics|Samsung]]), as AMD and [[Nvidia]] do.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nguyen |first=Janet |date=March 8, 2024 |title=What you need to know about Nvidia and the AI chip arms race |url=https://www.marketplace.org/2024/03/08/what-you-need-to-know-about-nvidia-and-the-ai-chip-arms-race/ |access-date=August 28, 2024 |website=Marketplace |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Corporate affairs==

=== Business trends ===
The key trends for Intel are (as of the financial year ending in late December):<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel Fundamentalanalyse {{!}} KGV {{!}} Kennzahlen |url=https://www.boerse.de/fundamental-analyse/Intel-Aktie/US4581401001 |access-date=July 23, 2024 |website=boerse.de |language=de}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Year
!Revenue (US$ bn)
!Net profit (US$ bn)
!Total assets (US$ bn)
!Employees (k)
|-
|2017
|62.7
|9.6
|123
|102
|-
|2018
|70.8
|21.0
|127
|107
|-
|2019
|71.9
|21.0
|136
|110
|-
|2020
|77.8
|20.8
|153
|110
|-
|2021
|79.0
|19.8
|168
|121
|-
|2022
|63.0
|8.0
|182
|131
|-
|2023
|54.2
|1.6
|191
|124
|-
|2024
|53.1
|&minus;19.2
|196
|109
|}

===Leadership and corporate structure===
[[File:Otellini Barrett Maloney.jpg|thumb|Paul Otellini, Craig Barrett and [[Sean Maloney (technology)|Sean Maloney]] in 2006]]
[[Robert Noyce]] was Intel's CEO at its founding in 1968, followed by co-founder [[Gordon Moore]] in 1975. [[Andy Grove]] became the company's president in 1979 and added the CEO title in 1987 when Moore became chairman. In 1998, Grove succeeded Moore as chairman, and [[Craig Barrett (Intel President)|Craig Barrett]], already company president, took over. On May 18, 2005, Barrett handed the reins of the company over to [[Paul Otellini]], who had been the company president and COO and who was responsible for Intel's design win in the original [[IBM PC]]. The board of directors elected Otellini as president and CEO, and Barrett replaced Grove as [[Board of directors|Chairman of the Board]]. Grove stepped down as chairman but is retained as a special adviser. In May 2009, Barrett stepped down as chairman of the board and was succeeded by Jane Shaw. In May 2012, Intel vice chairman Andy Bryant, who had held the posts of CFO (1994) and Chief Administrative Officer (2007) at Intel, succeeded Shaw as executive chairman.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/2012/01/20/intel-announces-management-changes|title=Intel Announces Management Changes|publisher=Intel|date=January 20, 2012|access-date=December 25, 2012|archive-date=January 25, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125031245/http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/2012/01/20/intel-announces-management-changes|url-status=live}}</ref>

In November 2012, president and CEO Paul Otellini announced that he would step down in May 2013 at the age of 62, three years before the company's mandatory retirement age. During a six-month transition period, Intel's board of directors commenced a search process for the next CEO, in which it considered both internal managers and external candidates such as [[Sanjay Jha (businessman)|Sanjay Jha]] and Patrick Gelsinger.<ref>{{cite web|title=Intel CEO Paul Otellini to step down in May, leaves a legacy of x86 dominance|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/11/19/intel-ceo-paul-otellini-to-step-down-in-may/|work=Engadget|publisher=AOL Inc|access-date=May 16, 2013|author=Terrence O'Brien|date=November 19, 2012|archive-date=May 22, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522232433/http://www.engadget.com/2012/11/19/intel-ceo-paul-otellini-to-step-down-in-may/|url-status=live}}</ref> Financial results revealed that, under Otellini, Intel's revenue increased by 55.8% (US$34.2 to 53.3 billion), while its net income increased by 46.7% (US$7.5 billion to 11 billion).<ref>{{cite web|title=On the Impact of Paul Otellini's CEO Years at Intel|url=http://techpinions.com/on-the-impact-of-paul-otellinis-ceo-years-at-intel/15800|work=Tech.pinions|access-date=May 16, 2013|author=Peter Kastner|date=May 6, 2013|archive-date=July 1, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701182941/http://techpinions.com/on-the-impact-of-paul-otellinis-ceo-years-at-intel/15800|url-status=live}}</ref>

On May 2, 2013, Executive Vice President and COO [[Brian Krzanich]] was elected as Intel's sixth CEO,<ref name="Alexis">{{cite web|title=Paul Otellini's Intel: Can the Company That Built the Future Survive It?|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/05/can-the-company-that-built-the-future-survive-it/275825/ |work=The Atlantic Monthly|publisher=The Atlantic Media Group|access-date=May 16, 2013|author=ALEXIS C. MADRIGAL|date=May 16, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828034416/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/05/paul-otellinis-intel-can-the-company-that-built-the-future-survive-it/275825/ |archive-date=August 28, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> a selection that became effective on May 16, 2013, at the company's annual meeting. Reportedly, the board concluded that an insider could proceed with the role and exert an impact more quickly, without the need to learn Intel's processes, and Krzanich was selected on such a basis.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/2013/05/02/intel-board-elects-brian-krzanich-as-ceo|title=Intel Board Elects Brian Krzanich as CEO|publisher=Intel|access-date=May 4, 2013|archive-date=January 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160103074653/http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/2013/05/02/intel-board-elects-brian-krzanich-as-ceo|url-status=live}}</ref> Intel's software head [[Renée James]] was selected as president of the company, a role that is second to the CEO position.<ref>{{cite news|title=Intel's CEO Pick Is Predictable, but Not Its No. 2|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324766604578458650267324178|access-date=May 16, 2013|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=May 2, 2013|author=DON CLARK|author2=JOANN S. LUBLIN|archive-date=August 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003733/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324766604578458650267324178|url-status=live}}</ref>

As of May 2013, Intel's board of directors consists of Andy Bryant, John Donahoe, Frank Yeary, Ambassador [[Charlene Barshefsky]], [[Susan Decker]], [[Reed Hundt]], Paul Otellini, James Plummer, David Pottruck, and David Yoffie and Creative director [[will.i.am]]. The board was described by former ''Financial Times'' journalist Tom Foremski as "an exemplary example of corporate governance of the highest order" and received a rating of ten from GovernanceMetrics International, a form of recognition that has only been awarded to twenty-one other corporate boards worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Meet Intel's King Makers – A Truly Exemplary Board Of Directors|url=http://www.siliconvalleywatcher.com/mt/archives/2013/05/meet_intels_king_make.php|work=Silicon Valley Watcher|publisher=Tom Foremski|access-date=May 16, 2013|author=Tom Foremski|date=May 1, 2013|archive-date=May 26, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526193228/http://www.siliconvalleywatcher.com/mt/archives/2013/05/meet_intels_king_make.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On June 21, 2018, Intel announced the resignation of Brian Krzanich as CEO, with the exposure of a relationship he had with an employee. [[Robert H. Swan|Bob Swan]] was named interim CEO, as the Board began a search for a permanent CEO.

On January 31, 2019, Swan transitioned from his role as CFO and interim CEO and was named by the Board as the seventh CEO to lead the company.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsroom.intel.com/news/swan-email-intel-employees-customers-partners/|title=Robert (Bob) Swan's Email to Intel Employees, Customers and Partners on First Day as CEO|website=Intel Newsroom|language=en-US|access-date=January 31, 2019|archive-date=February 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201065428/https://newsroom.intel.com/news/swan-email-intel-employees-customers-partners/|url-status=live}}</ref>

On January 13, 2021, Intel announced that Swan would be replaced as CEO by [[Pat Gelsinger]], effective February 15. Gelsinger is a former Intel chief technology officer who had previously been head of [[VMWare]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fitch |first1=Asa |title=Intel Ousts CEO Bob Swan |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/intel-ceo-bob-swan-steps-down-11610548665 |access-date=January 14, 2021 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=January 13, 2021 |archive-date=January 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119111903/https://www.wsj.com/articles/intel-ceo-bob-swan-steps-down-11610548665 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2021, Intel removed the mandatory retirement age for its corporate officers.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/tsmc-founder-pat-gelsinger-may-not-have-time#:~:text=Update%2C%2012%2F13%2F2021,as%20asserted%20by%20Morris%20Chang | title=TSMC Founder: Pat Gelsinger Too Old to Make Intel Great Again | date=December 8, 2021 }}</ref>

In October 2023, Intel announced it would be spinning off its Programmable Solutions Group business unit into a separate company at the start of 2024, while maintaining majority ownership and intending to seek an IPO within three years to raise funds.<ref name="psg-spinoff1" /><ref name="spinoff2">{{Cite web |last=Leswing |first=Kif |date=October 3, 2023 |title=Intel plans to IPO programmable chip unit within three years; stock rises after hours |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/10/03/intel-plans-to-ipo-programmable-chip-unit-within-three-years.html |publisher=[[CNBC]] |access-date=October 5, 2023 |archive-date=October 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004164922/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/10/03/intel-plans-to-ipo-programmable-chip-unit-within-three-years.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On December 1, 2024, Pat Gelsinger retired from the position of Intel CEO and stepped down from the company's board of directors.<ref name="cnbc-retirement">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |date=December 2, 2024 |title=Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger is out, stock up 5% |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/12/02/intel-ceo-pat-gelsinger-is-out.html |work=CNBC |language=en-US |access-date=December 2, 2024}}</ref><ref name="wsj-retirement">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |date=December 2, 2024 |title=Intel CEO Gelsinger Retires, Leaves Board |url=https://www.wsj.com/tech/intel-ceo-gelsinger-retires-leaves-board-cb2478e6 |work=WSJ |language=en-US |access-date=December 2, 2024}}</ref> David Zinsner and Michelle Johnston Holthaus were named as interim co-CEO's.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Press |first=Associated |date=December 2, 2024 |title=Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger retires amid chipmaker's struggles |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/dec/02/intel-ceo-pat-gelsinger |access-date=December 2, 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> On March 13, 2025, it was announced that he would be formally replaced by American [[Lip-Bu Tan]] starting March 18, 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tan |first=Lip-Bu |title=Intel Press Announcement |date=March 12, 2025 |url=https://www.intc.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/1730/intel-appoints-lip-bu-tan-as-chief-executive-officer }}</ref>

In August 2025, Intel announced an agreement to give the US government a 9.9% equity stake in exchange for [[CHIPS and Science Act|CHIPS Act]] funding previously allocated during the Biden administration. The federal government will not have any controlling interest in the company.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-22 |title=Intel and Trump Administration Reach Historic Agreement to Accelerate American Technology and Manufacturing Leadership |url=https://www.intc.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/1748/intel-and-trump-administration-reach-historic-agreement-to |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Intel Corporation |language=en}}</ref>

=== Ownership ===
The 10 largest shareholders of Intel as of December 2023 were:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel Corporation (INTC) Stock Major Holders - Yahoo Finance |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/INTC/holders/ |access-date=March 6, 2024 |website=finance.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

* [[The Vanguard Group]] (9.12% of shares)
* [[BlackRock]] (8.04%)
* [[State Street Corporation|State Street]] (4.45%)
* [[Capital Group Companies|Capital International]] (2.29%)
* [[Geode Capital Management]] (2.01%)
* [[PRIMECAP|Primecap]] (1.78%)
* [[Capital Group Companies|Capital Research Global Investors]] (1.63%)
* [[Morgan Stanley]] (1.18%)
* [[Norges Bank]] (1.14%)
* [[Northern Trust]] (1.05%)

===Board of directors===
{{As of| March 2023}}:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroom/board-of-directors.html?filters=&#91;-7300596454,2661798488 |title=Intel Board |access-date=March 8, 2023 |archive-date=January 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102184754/https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroom/board-of-directors.html?filters=%5B-7300596454,2661798488 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Frank D. Yeary (chairman), managing member of Darwin Capital
* [[Jim Goetz|James Goetz]], managing director of [[Sequoia Capital]]
* [[Andrea Goldsmith (engineer)|Andrea Goldsmith]], dean of engineering and applied science at [[Princeton University]]
* Alyssa Henry, [[Square, Inc.]] executive
* [[Omar Ishrak]], chairman and former CEO of [[Medtronic]]
* [[Risa Lavizzo-Mourey]], former president and CEO of the [[Robert Wood Johnson Foundation]]
* [[Tsu-Jae King Liu]], professor at the [[UC Berkeley College of Engineering]]
* Barbara G. Novick, co-founder of [[BlackRock]]
* Gregory Smith, CFO of [[Boeing]]
* [[Dion Weisler]], former president and CEO of [[HP Inc.]]
* [[Lip-Bu Tan]], executive chairman of [[Cadence Design Systems]]

===Employment===
[[File:Intel Costa 12 2007 SJO 105b.jpg|thumb|Intel's microprocessor facility in [[Costa Rica]] was responsible in 2006 for 20% of Costa Rican exports and 4.9% of the country's GDP.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eleconomista.es/empresas-finanzas/noticias/81837/10/06/Intel-supone-el-49-por-ciento-del-PIB-de-Costa-Rica.html|title=Intel supone el 4,9 por ciento del PIB de Costa Rica|date=October 6, 2006|newspaper=El Economista|access-date=April 13, 2008|language=es|archive-date=January 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107034119/https://www.eleconomista.es/empresas-finanzas/noticias/81837/10/06/Intel-supone-el-49-por-ciento-del-PIB-de-Costa-Rica.html|url-status=live}}</ref>]]

Prior to March 2021, Intel had a mandatory retirement policy for its CEOs when they reach age 65.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shilov |first=Anton |date=2021-12-08 |title=TSMC Founder: Pat Gelsinger Too Old to Make Intel Great Again |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/tsmc-founder-pat-gelsinger-may-not-have-time |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Tom's Hardware |language=en}}</ref> Andy Grove retired at 62, while both Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore retired at 58. Grove retired as chairman and as a member of the board of directors in 2005 at age 68.

Intel's headquarters are located in Santa Clara, California,<ref>{{cite web |title=10-K |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/50863/5086319000007/0000050863-19-000007-index.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128023134/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/50863/5086319000007/0000050863-19-000007-index.htm |archive-date=November 28, 2019 |access-date=June 1, 2019 |publisher=10-K |ref={{harvid|10-K|2018}}}}</ref> and the company [[List of Intel manufacturing sites|has operations around the world]]. Its largest workforce concentration anywhere is in [[Washington County, Oregon]]<ref name="oregonian-2012oct">{{cite news|last=Rogoway|first=Mike|title=Intel makes a bet on the future, and Oregon, with massive Hillsboro expansion|newspaper=[[The Oregonian]]|date=October 24, 2012|location=Portland, Oregon|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/index.ssf/2012/10/intel_makes_a_bet_on_oregon_an.html|access-date=August 9, 2015|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924145424/http://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/index.ssf/2012/10/intel_makes_a_bet_on_oregon_an.html|url-status=live}}</ref> (in the [[Portland metropolitan area]]'s "[[Silicon Forest]]"), with 18,600 employees at several facilities.<ref name="oregonian-2015aug8">{{cite news|last=Rogoway|first=Mike|title=Intel layoffs: Employees say chipmaker changed the rules, undermining 'meritocracy'|newspaper=[[The Oregonian]]|date=August 8, 2015|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/index.ssf/2015/08/intel_layoffs_former_employees.html|access-date=August 9, 2015|archive-date=August 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810222622/http://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/index.ssf/2015/08/intel_layoffs_former_employees.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside the United States, the company has facilities in China, Costa Rica, Malaysia, Israel, Ireland, India, Russia, Argentina and Vietnam, in 63 countries and regions internationally. In March 2022, Intel stopped supplying the Russian market because of [[international sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.interfax.ru/business/826190|title=Intel приостановила поставки своей продукции в Россию и Белоруссию|language=ru|date=March 4, 2022|publisher=[[Интерфакс]]|access-date=March 21, 2022|archive-date=March 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314183459/https://www.interfax.ru/business/826190|url-status=live}}</ref> In the U.S. Intel employs significant numbers of people in California, [[Colorado]], [[Massachusetts]], [[Arizona]], [[New Mexico]], [[Oregon]], Texas, [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and [[Utah]]. In Oregon, Intel is the state's largest private employer.<ref name="oregonian-2015aug8" /><ref name="businessprofile">Suh, Elizabeth (October 28, 2007). [http://www.oregonlive.com/special/oregonian/index.ssf?/base/news/1192589730189230.xml&coll=7 Home of Oregon's largest employer and much more.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061822/http://www.oregonlive.com/special/oregonian/index.ssf?/base/news/1192589730189230.xml&coll=7 |date=March 4, 2016 }} ''[[The Oregonian]]''.</ref> The company is the largest industrial employer in [[New Mexico]] while in Arizona the company has 12,000 employees as of January 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Intel in Arizona|url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/corporate-responsibility/intel-in-arizona.html|access-date=February 14, 2021|website=Intel|language=en|archive-date=February 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213234924/https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/corporate-responsibility/intel-in-arizona.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Intel invests heavily in research in China and about 100 researchers{{snd}}or 10% of the total number of researchers from Intel{{snd}}are located in Beijing.<ref>{{cite web |author=Mads Ølholm |website=SemiAccurate |url=http://www.semiaccurate.com/2011/06/13/intel-chinese-microprocessor-development-inefficient/ |title=Intel: Chinese microprocessor development inefficient |date=June 13, 2011 |access-date=September 9, 2024}}</ref>

In 2011, the Israeli government offered Intel $290 million to expand in the country. As a condition, Intel would employ 1,500 more workers in [[Kiryat Gat]] and between 600 and 1000 workers in the north.<ref>Peter Clarke, ''[[EE Times]]''. [http://eetimes.com/electronics-news/4218253/Israel-Intel-grant-expand "Israel offers Intel $290 million for expansion"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827192612/http://eetimes.com/electronics-news/4218253/Israel-Intel-grant-expand |date=August 27, 2011 }}. July 27, 2011. Retrieved July 27, 2011.</ref>

In January 2014, it was reported that Intel would cut about 5,000 jobs from its workforce of 107,000. The announcement was made a day after it reported earnings that missed analyst targets.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://venturebeat.com/2014/01/17/intel-to-cut-more-than-5000-employees/#! |title=Intel to cut more than 5,000 employees |publisher=[[Venture Beat]] |date=January 18, 2014 |access-date=September 1, 2017 |archive-date=July 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727145029/https://venturebeat.com/2014/01/17/intel-to-cut-more-than-5000-employees/#! |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2014, it was reported that Intel would embark upon a $6 billion plan to expand its activities in Israel. The plan calls for continued investment in existing and new Intel plants until 2030. {{As of|2014}}, Intel employs 10,000 workers at four development centers and two production plants in Israel.<ref>IsraelBizReg{{snd}}Israel Company Profiles. [https://www.israelbizreg.com/blog/intel-invest-6-billion-israel-unprecedented-deal "Intel to invest $6 billion in Israel in unprecedented deal"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911155307/https://www.israelbizreg.com/blog/intel-invest-6-billion-israel-unprecedented-deal|date=September 11, 2014}}. May 8, 2014. Retrieved September 11, 2014.</ref>

Due to declining PC sales, in 2016 Intel cut 12,000 jobs.<ref>{{cite web|last=King|first=Ian|date=April 19, 2016|title=Intel to Cut 12,000 Jobs, Forecast Misses Amid PC Blight|website=[[Bloomberg News]]|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-19/intel-cuts-12-000-jobs-forecast-misses-as-pc-blight-takes-toll|access-date=March 7, 2017|archive-date=April 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428052302/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-19/intel-cuts-12-000-jobs-forecast-misses-as-pc-blight-takes-toll|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Intel reversed course under new CEO Pat Gelsinger and started hiring thousands of engineers.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bylund|first=Anders|date=April 24, 2021|title=Here's Why Intel Stock Crashed After a Great Q1 Report|url=https://www.fool.com/investing/2021/04/24/heres-why-intel-stock-crashed-after-a-great-q1-rep/|website=The Motley Fool|language=en|access-date=November 8, 2021|archive-date=November 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108215140/https://www.fool.com/investing/2021/04/24/heres-why-intel-stock-crashed-after-a-great-q1-rep/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Diversity ====
Intel has a Diversity Initiative, including employee diversity groups,<ref name="Intel Diversity">{{cite web |url=http://www.intel.com/jobs/diversity/index.htm |title=Jobs at Intel – Diversity |access-date=July 28, 2007 |publisher=Intel Corporation |archive-date=October 25, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025061233/http://www.intel.com/jobs/diversity/index.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> as well as a [[supplier diversity]] program.<ref>Intel, [https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/supplier/corporate-responsibility.html#tab-blade-1-6 Supplier Diversity & Inclusion], accessed on September 14, 2024</ref> Like many companies with employee diversity groups, they include groups based on race and nationality as well as sexual identity and religion. In 1994, Intel sanctioned one of the earliest corporate Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender employee groups,<ref name="gay">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070209204620/http://www.intelglbt.org/ Intel Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual or Transgender Employees Home Page]}}. Intelglbt.org (July 16, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref> and supports a Muslim employees group,<ref name="IMEG">{{cite web|url=http://www.intel.com/jobs/diversity/people/emplgroups.htm?grp=13 |title=Jobs at Intel – Diversity, Employee Groups (Intel Muslim Employee Group) |access-date=July 28, 2007 |publisher=Intel Corporation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060624003954/http://www.intel.com/jobs/diversity/people/emplgroups.htm?grp=13 |archive-date=June 24, 2006}}</ref> a Jewish employees group,<ref name="IJC">{{cite web|url=http://www.intel.com/jobs/diversity/people/emplgroups.htm?grp=11 |title=Jobs at Intel – Diversity, Employee Groups (Intel Jewish Community) |access-date=July 28, 2007 |publisher=Intel Corporation |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080202081009/http://www.intel.com/jobs/diversity/people/emplgroups.htm?grp=11 |archive-date=February 2, 2008}}</ref> and a Bible-based Christian group.<ref name="IBCN">{{cite web|url=http://www.intel.com/jobs/diversity/people/emplgroups.htm?grp=7 |title=Jobs at Intel – Diversity, Employee Groups (Intel Bible-Based Christian Network) |access-date=July 28, 2007 |publisher=Intel Corporation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311222133/http://www.intel.com/jobs/diversity/people/emplgroups.htm?grp=7 |archive-date=March 11, 2007}}</ref><ref name="IBCN website">[http://ibcn.org/ Intel Bible-Based Christian Network (IBCN) website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007114938/http://www.ibcn.org/ |date=October 7, 2007 }}. IBCN (April 8, 2011). Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>

Intel has received a 100% rating on numerous [[Corporate Equality Index|Corporate Equality Indices]] released by the [[Human Rights Campaign]] including the first one released in 2002. In addition, the company is frequently named one of the 100 Best Companies for Working Mothers by ''[[Working Mother]]'' magazine.

In January 2015, Intel announced the investment of $300 million over five years to enhance gender and racial diversity in their own company as well as the technology industry as a whole.<ref name="GamasutraIntel">[https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/intel-to-invest-300-million-in-tech-game-diversity Intel to invest $300 million in tech, game diversity] . Graft, Kris. [[Gamasutra]]. January 7, 2015</ref><ref name="PCM">[https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2474749,00.asp Intel Announces $300 Million Tech Diversity Initiative] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022120943/https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2474749,00.asp |date=October 22, 2017 }}. Moscaritolo, Angela. ''[[PC Magazine]]''. January 7, 2015</ref><ref name="Intel">[http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/2015/01/06/intel-ceo-outlines-future-of-computing Intel CEO Outlines Future of Computing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114101106/http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/2015/01/06/intel-ceo-outlines-future-of-computing |date=January 14, 2016 }}. Intel, January 6, 2015</ref><ref>Nick Wingfield, "[https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/07/technology/intel-budgets-300-million-for-diversity.html Intel Budgets $300 Million for Diversity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107122321/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/07/technology/intel-budgets-300-million-for-diversity.html |date=January 7, 2015 }}", ''The New York Times''</ref><ref name="WiredUK">[https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2015-01/07/intel-diversity Intel announces fund for greater tech diversity] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225035112/http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2015-01/07/intel-diversity |date=February 25, 2015}}. Kamen, Matt. [[Wired UK]], January 7, 2015.</ref>

In February 2016, Intel released its Global Diversity & Inclusion 2015 Annual Report.<ref name="Intel Diversity Report 2015">{{cite web |url=http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/diversity/diversity-in-technology-annual-report.html |title=Intel Diversity Report 2015 |access-date=February 5, 2016 |publisher=Intel Corporation |archive-date=February 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206043236/http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/diversity/diversity-in-technology-annual-report.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The male-female mix of US employees was reported as 75.2% men and 24.8% women. For US employees in technical roles, the mix was reported as 79.8% male and 20.1% female.<ref name="Intel Diversity Report 2015" /> [[NPR]] reports that Intel is facing a retention problem (particularly for [[African Americans]]), not just a pipeline problem.<ref name="NPR Report Intel Diversity">{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/02/03/465270938/intel-discloses-diversity-data-challenges-tech-industry-to-follow-suit |title=Intel Discloses Diversity Data, Challenges Industry to Follow Suit |newspaper=NPR.org |access-date=February 5, 2016 |publisher=National Public Radio |archive-date=February 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204153506/http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/02/03/465270938/intel-discloses-diversity-data-challenges-tech-industry-to-follow-suit |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Economic impact in Oregon in 2009====
In 2011, ECONorthwest conducted an [[economic impact analysis]] of Intel's economic contribution to the state of Oregon. The report found that in 2009 "the total economic impacts attributed to Intel's operations, capital spending, contributions and taxes amounted to almost $14.6 billion in activity, including $4.3 billion in personal income and 59,990 jobs".<ref>{{cite news|last=Eckert|first=Kurt|title=Intel Boosts County, State Economies|newspaper=[[Hillsboro Argus]]|date=October 18, 2011|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/argus/index.ssf/2011/10/intel_boosts_county_state_econ.html|access-date=September 20, 2012|archive-date=October 11, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011214432/http://www.oregonlive.com/argus/index.ssf/2011/10/intel_boosts_county_state_econ.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Through multiplier effects, every 10 Intel jobs supported, on average, was found to create 31 jobs in other sectors of the economy.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=ECONorthwest|title=Economic Impacts of Intel's Oregon Operations, 2009|date=October 2011|url=http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/reports/intel-oregon-economic-impact-report.pdf|access-date=September 20, 2012|archive-date=January 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116171246/http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/reports/intel-oregon-economic-impact-report.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Supply chain===
Intel has been addressing supply base reduction as an issue since the mid-1980's, adopting an "n + 1" [[rule of thumb]], whereby the maximum number of suppliers required to maintain production levels for each component is determined, and no more than one additional supplier is engaged with for each component.<ref>Morgan, James P. (ed.) (1995), "Inside Intel", Purchasing's Book of Winners, p. 101, quoted in Moore, N. Y. ''et al.'' (2002), [https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/documented_briefings/2005/DB334.pdf Implementing Best Purchasing and Supply Management Practices: Lessons from Innovative Commercial Firms], prepared for the US Air Force, Rand, pages 155-156, accessed on September 14, 2024</ref>

== Intel Israel ==
[[File:Intel factory, Kiryat Gat industry zone.jpg|thumb|Intel Israel, Kiryat Gat]]
Intel has been operating in Israel since [[Dov Frohman]] founded the Israeli branch of the company in 1974 in a small office in [[Haifa]]. Intel Israel has development centers in Haifa, [[Jerusalem]] and [[Petah Tikva]], and a plant in the [[Kiryat Gat]] industrial park that develops and manufactures microprocessors and communications products. Intel employed about 10,000 employees in Israel in 2013. Maxine Fesberg has been the CEO of Intel Israel since 2007 and the Vice President of Intel Global. In December 2016, Fesberg announced her resignation, her position of [[chief executive officer]] (CEO) has been filled by Yaniv Gerti since January 2017.

In June 2024, the company announced that it was stopping development on a Kiryat Gat-based factory in Israel. The site was expected to cost $25 billion, with $3.2 billion provided by the Israeli government in the form of a grant.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chipmaker Intel to halt $25-billion Israel plant, news website says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/intel-halting-25-billion-factory-expansion-israel-israeli-media-report-2024-06-10/ |website=Reuters |date=June 10, 2024 |access-date=June 12, 2024}}</ref>

==Key acquisitions and investments (2010–present)==
{{main|List of mergers and acquisitions by Intel}}

In 2010, Intel purchased [[McAfee]], a manufacturer of computer security technology, for $7.68&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite news|title=Intel in $7.68bn McAfee takeover|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-11025866|work=BBC News|access-date=August 19, 2010|date=August 19, 2010|archive-date=October 31, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031040203/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-11025866|url-status=live}}</ref> As a condition for regulatory approval of the transaction, Intel agreed to provide rival security firms with all necessary information that would allow their products to use Intel's chips and personal computers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Intel wins conditional approval from EU for McAfee acquisition of $ 7.68&nbsp;billion|url=http://techshrimp.com/2011/01/26/intel-wins-conditional-approval-from-eu-for-mcafee-acquisition-of-7-68-billion/|publisher=TechShrimp|access-date=January 26, 2011|date=January 26, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110129221008/http://techshrimp.com/2011/01/26/intel-wins-conditional-approval-from-eu-for-mcafee-acquisition-of-7-68-billion/|archive-date=January 29, 2011}}</ref> After the acquisition, Intel had about 90,000 employees, including about 12,000 software engineers.<ref name="wsj2011">{{cite news |last1=Wingfield |first1=Nick |last2=Clark |first2=Don |date=January 4, 2011 |title=Microsoft Alliance With Intel Shows Age |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703808704576062073117494078 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801194159/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703808704576062073117494078 |archive-date=August 1, 2020 |access-date=February 19, 2011 |work=The Wall Street Journal |language=en-US |issn=0099-9660}}</ref> In September 2016, Intel sold a majority stake in its computer-security unit to [[TPG Capital]], reversing the five-year-old McAfee acquisition.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mattioli |first1=Dana |last2=Clark |first2=Don |last3=Jarzemsky |first3=Matt |date=September 7, 2016 |title=Intel Agrees to Sell Majority Stake in Security Unit to TPG |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/intel-nears-deal-to-sell-mcafee-security-unit-to-tpg-1473277803 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801194028/https://www.wsj.com/articles/intel-nears-deal-to-sell-mcafee-security-unit-to-tpg-1473277803 |archive-date=August 1, 2020 |access-date=September 9, 2016 |work=Wall Street Journal |language=en-US |issn=0099-9660}}</ref>

In August 2010, Intel and [[Infineon Technologies]] announced that Intel would acquire Infineon's Wireless Solutions business.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100831182126/http://www.zdnet.co.uk/news/mobile-devices/2010/08/31/intel-buys-infineons-wireless-wing-for-4g-lift-off-40089960/ Intel buys Infineon's wireless wing for 4G lift-off], a August 31, 2010, ZDNet</ref> Intel planned to use Infineon's technology in laptops, smart phones, netbooks, tablets and embedded computers in consumer products, eventually integrating its wireless modem into Intel's silicon chips.<ref>{{cite web |title=VIDEO: Intel CFO Talks About Acquisition Strategy |url=http://www.institutionalinvestor.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=2726870 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119053058/http://www.institutionalinvestor.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=2726870 |archive-date=January 19, 2012 |access-date=December 9, 2010 |website=Institutional Investor}}</ref>

In March 2011, Intel bought most of the assets of Cairo-based SySDSoft.<ref>{{cite web |last=Takahashi |first=Dean |date=14 March 2011 |title=Intel buys 4G wireless software firm SySDSoft |url=https://venturebeat.com/mobile/intel-buys-4g-lte-sysdsoft-in-egypt/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316080318/https://venturebeat.com/2011/03/14/intel-buys-4g-lte-sysdsoft-in-egypt/ |archive-date=March 16, 2011 |access-date=March 17, 2011 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US}}</ref>

In July 2011, Intel announced that it had agreed to acquire Fulcrum Microsystems Inc., a company specializing in network switches.<ref name="EETimes">{{cite web |last=McGrath |first=Dylan |date=July 19, 2011 |title=Fulcrum buy could signal shift for Intel |url=https://www.eetimes.com/Fulcrum-buy-could-signal-shift-for-Intel-/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722191249/http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4217982/Fulcrum-buy-could-signal-shift-for-Intel- |archive-date=July 22, 2011 |access-date=July 20, 2011 |website=[[EE Times]]}}</ref> The company used to be included on the EE Times list of 60 Emerging Startups.<ref name="EETimes" />

In October 2011, Intel reached a deal to acquire Telmap, an Israeli-based navigation software company. The purchase price was not disclosed, but Israeli media reported values around $300 million to $350 million.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/03/technology/intel-reaches-deal-to-acquire-navigation-software-maker.html|title=Intel Reaches Deal to Acquire Navigation Software Maker|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|agency=Reuters|date=October 2, 2011|access-date=October 25, 2022|archive-date=July 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731105113/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/03/technology/intel-reaches-deal-to-acquire-navigation-software-maker.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In July 2012, Intel agreed to buy 10% of the shares of [[ASML Holding]] NV for $2.1 billion and another $1 billion for 5% of the shares that need shareholder approval to fund relevant research and development efforts, as part of a EUR3.3 billion ($4.1 billion) deal to accelerate the development of 450-millimeter wafer technology and extreme ultra-violet lithography by as much as two years.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-07-09/intel-agrees-to-buy-10-stake-in-asml-for-about-2-1-billion.html |title=Intel Investing $4.1 Billion in ASML to Speed Production |date=July 11, 2012 |work=Bloomberg |first=Ian |last=King |access-date=March 7, 2017 |archive-date=February 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140216044330/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-07-09/intel-agrees-to-buy-10-stake-in-asml-for-about-2-1-billion.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In July 2013, Intel confirmed the acquisition of [[Omek Interactive]], an Israeli company that makes technology for gesture-based interfaces, without disclosing the monetary value of the deal. An official statement from Intel read: "The acquisition of Omek Interactive will help increase Intel's capabilities in the delivery of more immersive perceptual computing experiences." One report estimated the value of the acquisition between US$30 million and $50 million.<ref name="Omek">{{cite web|title=Gesture In The Picture, As Intel Picks Up Omek But PrimeSense Dismisses Apple Acquisition Rumors|url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/07/16/gesture-in-the-picture-as-intel-reportedly-picks-up-omek-but-primesense-dismisses-apple-acquisition-rumors/|work=TechCrunch|publisher=AOL Inc.|access-date=September 14, 2013|author=Ingrid Lunden|date=July 16, 2013|archive-date=September 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916073315/http://techcrunch.com/2013/07/16/gesture-in-the-picture-as-intel-reportedly-picks-up-omek-but-primesense-dismisses-apple-acquisition-rumors/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The acquisition of a Spanish [[natural language recognition]] startup, Indisys was announced in September 2013. The terms of the deal were not disclosed but an email from an Intel representative stated: "Intel has acquired Indisys, a privately held company based in Seville, Spain. The majority of Indisys employees joined Intel. We signed the agreement to acquire the company on May 31 and the deal has been completed." Indysis explains that its artificial intelligence (AI) technology "is a human image, which converses fluently and with common sense in multiple languages and also works in different platforms".<ref name="Ai">{{cite web|title=Intel Has Acquired Natural Language Processing Startup Indisys, Price "North" Of $26M, To Build Its AI Muscle|url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/09/13/intel-has-acquired-natural-language-processing-startup-indisys-price-north-of-26m/?ncid=tcdaily|work=TechCrunch|publisher=AOL Inc|access-date=September 14, 2013|author=Ingrid Lunden|date=September 13, 2013|archive-date=October 22, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022164338/http://techcrunch.com/2013/09/13/intel-has-acquired-natural-language-processing-startup-indisys-price-north-of-26m/?ncid=tcdaily|url-status=live}}</ref>

In December 2014, Intel bought PasswordBox.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://thenextweb.com/apps/2014/12/01/intel-acquires-identity-management-service-passwordbox/ | title=Intel acquires identity management service PasswordBox | work=The Next Web | access-date=December 1, 2014 | archive-date=December 2, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202030027/https://thenextweb.com/apps/2014/12/01/intel-acquires-identity-management-service-passwordbox/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

In January 2015, Intel purchased a 30% stake in Vuzix, a smart glasses manufacturer. The deal was worth $24.8 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/1/5/7493439/intel-buys-stake-in-google-glass-rival-vuzix |website=The Verge |title=Intel buys $25 million stake in Google Glass rival Vuzix |access-date=January 6, 2014 |archive-date=January 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106012744/http://www.theverge.com/2015/1/5/7493439/intel-buys-stake-in-google-glass-rival-vuzix |url-status=live }}</ref>

In February 2015, Intel announced its agreement to purchase German network chipmaker Lantiq, to aid in its expansion of its range of chips in devices with Internet connection capability.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/lantiq-ma-intel-idUKL6N0VB0DP20150202 |title=Intel buys former Infineon "Internet of Things" chip unit Lantiq |work=Reuters |access-date=February 2, 2015 |date=February 2, 2015 |archive-date=December 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220072032/http://uk.reuters.com/article/lantiq-ma-intel-idUKL6N0VB0DP20150202 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In June 2015, Intel announced its agreement to purchase FPGA design company [[Altera]] for $16.7 billion, in its largest acquisition to date.<ref name="The Wall Street Journal">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/intel-agrees-to-buy-altera-for-16-7-billion-1433162006 |title=Intel Agrees to Buy Altera for $16.7 Billion |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=June 1, 2015 |first1=Don |last1=Clark |first2=Dana |last2=Cimilluca |date=June 1, 2015 |archive-date=November 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118001605/https://www.wsj.com/articles/intel-agrees-to-buy-altera-for-16-7-billion-1433162006 |url-status=live }}{{Subscription required}}</ref> The acquisition completed in December 2015.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.eweek.com/servers/intel-completes-16.7-billion-altera-deal.html |title=Intel Completes $16.7 Billion Altera Deal |last=Burt |first=Jeffrey |date=December 28, 2015 |work=eWeek |access-date=December 29, 2015 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>

In October 2015, Intel bought [[cognitive computing]] company [[Saffron Technology]] for an undisclosed price.<ref name="saffron">{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|title=Intel buys Saffron AI because it can't afford to miss the next big thing in tech again|url=http://fortune.com/2015/10/26/intel-buys-saffron/|date=October 26, 2015|access-date=January 28, 2015|archive-date=November 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108111027/https://fortune.com/2015/10/26/intel-buys-saffron/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In August 2016, Intel purchased deep-learning startup [[Nervana Systems]] for over $400 million.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fried|first1=Ina|title=Intel is paying more than $400 million to buy deep-learning startup Nervana Systems|url=http://www.recode.net/2016/8/9/12413600/intel-buys-nervana--350-million|access-date=August 9, 2016|archive-date=April 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430030653/https://www.recode.net/2016/8/9/12413600/intel-buys-nervana--350-million|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In December 2016, Intel acquired computer vision startup [[Movidius]] for an undisclosed price.<ref name="movidius">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/intel-to-buy-semiconductor-startup-movidius-1473170441 |title=Intel to Buy Semiconductor Startup Movidius |first1=Don |last1=Clark |first2=Joshua |last2=Jamerson |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=September 6, 2016 |via=www.wsj.com |access-date=March 7, 2017 |archive-date=November 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108112754/https://www.wsj.com/articles/intel-to-buy-semiconductor-startup-movidius-1473170441 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2017, Intel announced that they had agreed to purchase [[Mobileye]], an Israeli developer of "autonomous driving" systems for US$15.3 billion.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|title=Intel buys driverless car technology firm Mobileye|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-39253422|access-date=March 13, 2017|work=BBC|date=March 13, 2017|archive-date=August 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815213045/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-39253422|url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 2017, Intel Corporation announced an investment of over {{INRConvert|1100|c}} for its upcoming Research and Development (R&D) centre in [[Bangalore]], India.<ref>''[[Hindustan Times]]''. [http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/intel-investing-rs-1-100-cr-in-india-afresh-to-generate-3000-jobs/story-SMJnOffvm2Y4vyuTSWnLTK.html "Intel Corporation investing Rs 1,100 crore in India afresh"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621164745/http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/intel-investing-rs-1-100-cr-in-india-afresh-to-generate-3000-jobs/story-SMJnOffvm2Y4vyuTSWnLTK.html |date=June 21, 2017 }}. June 14, 2017. Retrieved June 26, 2017.</ref>

In January 2019, Intel announced an investment of over $11 billion on a new Israeli chip plant, as told by the Israeli Finance Minister.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-intel-idUSKCN1PM2GT|title=Intel to invest $11 billion on new Israeli chip plant: Israel...|date=January 29, 2019|work=Reuters|access-date=January 29, 2019|language=en|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031103606/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-intel-idUSKCN1PM2GT|url-status=live}}</ref>

In November 2021, Intel recruited some of the employees of the [[Centaur Technology]] division from [[VIA Technologies]], a deal worth $125 million, and effectively acquiring the talent and know-how of their x86 division.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Ryan |title=VIA To Offload Parts of x86 Subsidiary Centaur to Intel For $125 Million |url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/17049/via-to-offload-parts-of-x86-subsidiary-centaur-to-intel-for-125-million |access-date=November 11, 2021 |work=AnandTech |date=November 5, 2021 |archive-date=November 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111202409/https://www.anandtech.com/show/17049/via-to-offload-parts-of-x86-subsidiary-centaur-to-intel-for-125-million |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dobberstein |first1=Laura |title=Intel pays VIA $125m to acquire its x86 design talent |url=https://www.theregister.com/2021/11/08/via_sells_centaur_staff_to_intel/ |access-date=November 11, 2021 |work=The Register |date=November 8, 2021 |archive-date=November 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111202414/https://www.theregister.com/2021/11/08/via_sells_centaur_staff_to_intel/ |url-status=live }}</ref> VIA retained the x86 licence and associated patents, and its Zhaoxin CPU joint-venture continues.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/last-x86-via-chip-centuar-cns-cpu-tested |title=The Last x86 Via Chip: Unreleased Next-Gen Centaur CNS Saved From Trash Bin, Tested &#124; Tom's Hardware |publisher=Tomshardware.com |date=February 20, 2022 |accessdate=July 18, 2022 |archive-date=June 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620093135/https://www.tomshardware.com/news/last-x86-via-chip-centuar-cns-cpu-tested |url-status=live }}</ref>

In December 2021, Intel said it will invest $7.1 billion to build a new chip-packaging and testing factory in Malaysia. The new investment will expand the operations of its Malaysian subsidiary across Penang and Kulim, creating more than 4,000 new Intel jobs and more than 5,000 local construction jobs.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 16, 2021|title=Intel to invest $7 billion in new plant in Malaysia, creating 9,000 jobs|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/12/16/intel-to-invest-7-billion-in-new-malaysia-plant-creating-9000-jobs.html|access-date=December 20, 2021|website=CNBC|language=en|archive-date=January 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114171224/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/12/16/intel-to-invest-7-billion-in-new-malaysia-plant-creating-9000-jobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In the same month, Intel announced its plan to take Mobileye automotive unit via an [[Initial public offering|IPO]] of newly issued stock in 2022, maintaining its majority ownership of the company.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Metz|first1=Cade|title=Intel will take its Mobileye automotive unit public in 2022|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/06/technology/intel-mobileye-ipo.html|work=The New York Times|date=December 6, 2021|access-date=January 9, 2022|archive-date=January 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109195415/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/06/technology/intel-mobileye-ipo.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2022, Intel agreed to acquire Israeli chip manufacturer [[Tower Semiconductor]] for $5.4 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Intel nears $6 billion deal to buy Tower Semiconductor|url=https://money.yahoo.com/intel-nearing-6-billion-deal-221806593.html|access-date=February 15, 2022|website=Yahoo|date=February 14, 2022|language=en-US|archive-date=June 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611233320/https://money.yahoo.com/intel-nearing-6-billion-deal-221806593.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=February 15, 2022|title=Intel to acquire contract chipmaker Tower Semiconductor for $5.4B|url=https://venturebeat.com/2022/02/15/intel-to-acquire-contract-chipmaker-tower-semiconductor-for-5-4b/|first=Paul|last=Sawers|website=VentureBeat|language=en-US|access-date=February 15, 2022|archive-date=June 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606134113/https://venturebeat.com/2022/02/15/intel-to-acquire-contract-chipmaker-tower-semiconductor-for-5-4b/|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2023, Intel terminated the acquisition as it failed to obtain approval from [[State Administration for Market Regulation|Chinese regulators]] within the 18-month transaction deadline.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Intel scraps $5.4 bln Tower deal after China review delay|url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/intel-walk-away-54-bln-acquisition-tower-semiconductor-sources-2023-08-16/-sources-2023-08-16/|access-date=August 16, 2023|website=Reuters|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Clark|first1=Don|last2=Bradsher|first2=Keith|date=August 16, 2023|title=China Scuttles a $5.4 Billion Microchip Deal Led by U.S. Giant Intel|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/16/business/intel-tower-semiconductor-china.html|access-date=August 16, 2023|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|archive-date=October 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013233127/http://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/16/business/intel-tower-semiconductor-china.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In May 2022, Intel announced that they have acquired Finnish graphics technology firm Siru innovations. The firm founded by ex-AMD Qualcomm mobile GPU engineers, is focused on developing software and silicon building blocks for GPU's made by other companies and is set to join Intel's fledgling Accelerated Computing Systems and Graphics Group.<ref>{{cite journal|date=May 3, 2022|url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/03/intel_siru_innovations/|title=Intel acquires graphics tech biz founded by ex-AMD, Qualcomm engineers|journal=The Register|access-date=May 6, 2022|archive-date=May 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506125121/https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/03/intel_siru_innovations/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In May 2022, it was announced that Ericsson and Intel have pooled to launch a tech hub in California to focus on the research and development of cloud [[Radio access network|RAN]] technology. The hub focuses on improving Ericsson Cloud RAN and Intel technology, including improving energy efficiency and network performance, reducing time to market, and monetizing new business opportunities such as enterprise applications.<ref>{{cite journal|date=May 17, 2022|url=https://www.telecomtv.com/content/open-ran/ericsson-and-intel-launch-global-cloud-ran-tech-hub-44483/|title=Ericsson and Intel launch global Cloud RAN Tech Hub|journal=Telecom TV|access-date=May 18, 2022|archive-date=May 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517192300/https://www.telecomtv.com/content/open-ran/ericsson-and-intel-launch-global-cloud-ran-tech-hub-44483/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In April 2024, Intel reached a definitive agreement to sell 51% of Altera to [[Silver Lake (investment firm)|Silver Lake]]. With this sale and Silver Lake now owning a majority stake, Intel also announced the cancellation of the potential IPO being conducted for Altera.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cornell |first=Joe |date=April 16, 2025 |title=Intel Cancels IPO Carveout Of Altera |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/joecornell/2025/04/16/intel-cancels-ipo-carveout-of-altera/ |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=Forbes}}</ref>

===Ultrabook fund (2011)===
In 2011, Intel Capital announced a new fund to support startups working on technologies in line with the company's concept for next-generation notebooks.<ref name="ultrabook">{{cite web |last=Merritt |first=Rick |date=August 10, 2011 |title=Intel Capital launches $300M ultrabook fund |url=https://www.eetimes.com/Intel-Capital-launches--300M-ultrabook-fund/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930202658/http://eetimes.com/electronics-news/4218699/Intel-Capital-launches--300M-ultrabook-fund |archive-date=September 30, 2011 |access-date=August 11, 2011 |website=[[EE Times]]}}</ref> The company is setting aside a $300 million fund to be spent over the next three to four years in areas related to ultrabooks.<ref name="ultrabook" /> Intel announced the ultrabook concept at Computex in 2011. The ultrabook is defined as a thin (less than 0.8&nbsp;inches [~2&nbsp;cm] thick<ref name="jeffrey" />) notebook that utilizes Intel processors<ref name="jeffrey" /> and also incorporates tablet features such as a touch screen and long battery life.<ref name="ultrabook" /><ref name="jeffrey" />

At the Intel Developers Forum in 2011, four Taiwan ODMs showed prototype ultrabooks that used Intel's Ivy Bridge chips.<ref>Rick Merritt, ''[[EE Times]]''. [http://eetimes.com/electronics-news/4227333/Intel-shows-progress-on-ultrabook-vision "Intel shows progress on ultrabook vision"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923092745/http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4227333/Intel-shows-progress-on-ultrabook-vision |date=September 23, 2011 }}. September 14, 2011. Retrieved September 14, 2011.</ref> Intel plans to improve power consumption of its chips for ultrabooks, like new Ivy Bridge processors in 2013, which will only have 10W default thermal design power.<ref>{{cite web |last=Shilov |first=Anton |date=May 12, 2012 |title=Intel Readies "Ivy Bridge" Processors with 7W – 13W Power Consumption. |url=http://www.xbitlabs.com/news/cpu/display/20121205221523_Intel_Readies_Ivy_Bridge_Processors_with_10W_and_13W_Thermal_Design_Power.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214120949/http://www.xbitlabs.com/news/cpu/display/20121205221523_Intel_Readies_Ivy_Bridge_Processors_with_10W_and_13W_Thermal_Design_Power.html |archive-date=February 14, 2013 |access-date=February 19, 2013 |publisher=X-bit labs}}</ref>

Intel's goal for Ultrabook's price is below $1000;<ref name="jeffrey">{{cite web |last=Burt |first=Jeff |date=September 20, 2011 |title=Intel Ultrabook Partners Look for Cut in Chip Prices: Report |url=https://www.eweek.com/mobile/intel-ultrabook-partners-look-for-cut-in-chip-prices-report/ |access-date=September 28, 2011 |website=[[eWeek]] |language=en-US}}</ref> however, according to two presidents from Acer and Compaq, this goal will not be achieved if Intel does not lower the price of its chips.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Aaron |last2=Tsai |first2=Joseph |author-link2=Joseph Tsai |date=September 20, 2011 |title=Intel downstream partners request CPU price drop |url=https://www.digitimes.com/news/a20110919PD214.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529180751/http://www.digitimes.com/news/a20110919PD214.html |archive-date=May 29, 2019 |access-date=September 28, 2011 |website=[[DigiTimes]]}}</ref>

=== Open source support ===
Intel has a significant participation in the [[Open-source software|open source]] communities since 1999.<ref>{{cite web|title=About|website=01.org|url=https://01.org/zh/about|access-date=November 26, 2014|archive-date=September 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903232144/https://01.org/zh/about|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Self-published source|date=August 2018}} For example, in 2006 Intel released [[MIT license|MIT-licensed]] [[X.Org Server|X.org]] drivers for their integrated [[graphic card]]s of the i965 family of chipsets. Intel released [[FreeBSD]] drivers for some networking cards,<ref>{{cite web|date=November 27, 2005|title=FreeBSD Kernel Interfaces Manual|url=http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em|access-date=August 5, 2007|work=freebsd.org|publisher=The FreeBSD Project}}</ref> available under a BSD-compatible license,<ref name="bsd.em">{{cite web|author=Intel Corporation|editor=[[OpenBSD]]|title=if_em.c (Intel PRO/1000 10/100/Gigabit Ethernet device)|url=http://bxr.su/OpenBSD/sys/dev/pci/if_em.c|website=BSD Cross Reference, OpenBSD src/sys/dev/pci/}}</ref> which were also ported to [[OpenBSD]].<ref name="bsd.em" /> Binary [[firmware]] files for non-wireless [[Ethernet]] devices were also released under a [[BSD licence]] allowing [[Freely redistributable software|free redistribution]].<ref>{{cite web|title=fxp/fxp-license|url=http://bxr.su/OpenBSD/sys/dev/microcode/fxp/fxp-license|website=BSD Cross Reference, OpenBSD src/sys/dev/microcode/}}</ref> Intel ran the [[Moblin project]] until April 23, 2009, when they handed the project over to the [[Linux Foundation]]. Intel also runs the ''LessWatts.org'' campaigns.<ref>[http://www.lesswatts.org/about.php About] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603083454/http://www.lesswatts.org/about.php|date=June 3, 2008}}. Lesswatts.org. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>

However, after the release of the wireless products called Intel Pro/Wireless 2100, 2200BG/2225BG/2915ABG and 3945ABG in 2005, Intel was criticized for not granting free redistribution rights for the [[firmware]] that must be included in the operating system for the wireless devices to operate.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Varghese|first=Sam|date=March 1, 2005|title=OpenBSD to support more wireless chipsets|work=The Age|publisher=The Age Company Ltd|location=Melbourne, Australia|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2005/03/01/1109546842718.html|access-date=August 5, 2007}}</ref> As a result of this, Intel became a target of campaigns to allow free operating systems to include binary firmware on terms acceptable to the [[free software movement|open source community]]. [[Linspire]]-[[Linux]] creator [[Michael Robertson (businessman)|Michael Robertson]] outlined the difficult position that Intel was in releasing to [[Open-source model|open source]], as Intel did not want to upset their large customer Microsoft.<ref name="M.Robertson">{{cite web|last=Robertson|first=Michael|date=March 19, 2003|title=Is Intel's "Centrino" Techno-Latin for "No Linux?"|url=http://www.michaelrobertson.com/archive.php?minute_id=56|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051028082001/http://michaelrobertson.com/archive.php?minute_id=56|archive-date=October 28, 2005|access-date=August 5, 2007|work=michaelrobertson.com}}</ref> [[Theo de Raadt]] of [[OpenBSD]] also claimed that Intel is being "an Open Source fraud" after an Intel employee presented a distorted view of the situation at an open source conference.<ref name="Theo">{{cite web|last=de Raadt|first=Theo|date=September 30, 2006|title=Intel: Only "Open" for Business|url=http://www.undeadly.org/cgi?action=article&sid=20060930232710&mode=expanded|access-date=August 5, 2007|work=[[OpenBSD Journal]]}}</ref> In spite of the significant negative attention Intel received as a result of the wireless dealings, the binary firmware still{{when|date=May 2025}} has not gained a license compatible with free software principles.<ref>{{cite web|date=February 15, 2014|title=ipw – Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 IEEE 802.11b wireless network device, Sh FILES|url=http://bxr.su/OpenBSD/share/man/man4/ipw.4#92|access-date=December 28, 2014|website=BSD Cross Reference, OpenBSD share/man/man4/|quote=These firmware files are not free because Intel refuses to grant distribution rights without contractual obligations. As a result, even though OpenBSD includes the driver, the firmware files cannot be included and users have to find these files on their own.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ipw(4) - OpenBSD manual pages |url=http://man.openbsd.org/ipw.4 |access-date=December 29, 2014 |website=OpenBSD}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=iwi(4) - OpenBSD manual pages |url=http://man.openbsd.org/iwi.4 |access-date=December 29, 2014 |website=OpenBSD}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=wpi(4) - OpenBSD manual pages |url=http://man.openbsd.org/wpi.4 |access-date=December 29, 2014 |website=OpenBSD}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=iwn(4) - OpenBSD manual pages |url=http://man.openbsd.org/iwn.4 |access-date=December 29, 2014 |website=OpenBSD}}</ref>

Intel has also supported other open source projects such as [[Blender (software)|Blender]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Foundation|first=Blender|title=Intel signs up as Corporate Patron|url=https://www.blender.org/press/intel-signs-up-as-corporate-patron/|access-date=December 22, 2021|website=blender.org|date=December 21, 2021 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Open 3D Engine]].<ref>{{cite web|title=O3DE|url=https://o3de.org/|access-date=December 22, 2021|website=o3de.org}}</ref>

== Corporate identity ==<!-- This section is linked from [[x86|X86 architecture]]. -->

=== Logo ===
{{multiple image
| header            = Logo history
| total_width       = 150
| direction         = vertical
| image1            = Intel_logo_(1968-2006).svg
| caption1          = April 1969–January 2, 2006
| image2            = Intel logo (2006-2020).svg
| caption2          = January 3, 2006–September 1, 2020
| image3            = Intel logo 2023.svg
| caption3          = September 2, 2020–present
}}

Throughout its history, Intel has had three distinctive logos.

The first Intel logo, introduced in April 1969 and created by Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore, featured the company's name stylized in all lowercase with the [[Helvetica]] font in a cool blue. It has the letter "e" dropped below the other letters, connecting the T and L, making it seem as if the E had "fallen" from the line. The logo is known as the "dropped-e" logo.<ref name="www.intel.com-2006">{{Cite web |date=January 3, 2006 |title=Intel Unveils New Brand Identity |url=https://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/2006/20060103corp.htm |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=www.intel.com}}</ref><ref name="Hatchwise">{{Cite web |title=The History Of The Intel Logo |url=https://www.hatchwise.com/resources/the-history-of-the-intel-logo |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=Hatchwise |language=en-US}}</ref>

The second logo, officially introduced on January 3, 2006, was created by [[FutureBrand]]. The logo combines elements of both the previous logo and the Intel Inside campaign while also modernizing it. It brings simplicity and unification to the look of many of Intel's products. It abandons the famous "dropped-e" the logo used to have in favor of a "vortex," made up of two stripes of varying thickness. Additionally, it featured a stylized version of the new Neo Sans Intel font, a variation of [[Neo Sans]]. The refreshed logo also signals where the company was headed at that time. The logo often featured Intel's brand-new "Leap Ahead" tagline alongside it.<ref name="www.intel.com-2006" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Swant|first=Marty|title=Intel CMO Karen Walker Says New Logo And Rebrand Focuses On The Future|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/martyswant/2020/09/02/intel-cmo-karen-walker-says-new-logo-and-rebrand-focuses-on-the-future/ |access-date=February 15, 2021|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> Images of the new brand identity had begun circulating online earlier in November 2005, originally by a French site known as x86-Secret. It was subsequently taken down by Intel's legal team but reuploaded later by Taiwanese site [[DigiTimes]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Tony |date=November 16, 2005 |title=Intel's secret logos revealed |url=https://www.theregister.com/2005/11/16/intel_new_logos/ |website=The Register}}</ref> In 2014, the typeface was changed to Intel Clear, created by Red Peak Branding and [[Dalton Maag]].<ref name="Hatchwise" />

The third logo, introduced on September 2, 2020, was created by Andrew Mirikian Design using Intel One. It was inspired by the previous logos and is meant to show that the Intel brand is both traditional and reliable. It removes the swirl and redesigns the style of the letters to form a refined symmetry, balance, and proportion. It squares off the corners of the I and L to convey reliability and endurance. The N and E now retain a classic feel seen in the original April 1969 logo. The dot on the I is the new visual identity and represents the potential and power of their processor.<ref name="Intel 2020 logo">{{cite news|last=Walker|first=Karen|date=September 2, 2020|title=Sparking the Next Era for the Intel Brand|work=Intel Newsroom|url=https://newsroom.intel.com/editorials/intel-brand-karen-walker/|access-date=September 4, 2020|archive-date=September 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200903041416/https://newsroom.intel.com/editorials/intel-brand-karen-walker/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Intel Brand VI 2020">{{cite web|date=September 2, 2020|title=Explore Intel's Visual Brand Identity|work=Intel|url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/company-overview/visual-brand-identity.html|access-date=September 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902213602/https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/company-overview/visual-brand-identity.html
|archive-date=September 2, 2020}}</ref> It is stated as the "only symbol Intel needs."<ref name="Hatchwise" />

===Intel Inside===
{{multiple image
| total_width       = 150
| direction         = vertical
| image1            = Intel Inside Logo (1991-2006).svg
| caption1          = The "Intel Inside" logo used from 1991 to 2006
| image2            = Intel Inside Logo (2002-2006).svg
| caption2          = The "Intel Inside" logo used from 2002 to 2006
| align             = left
| alt1              = 
| image3            = Intel Inside Logo (2006-2014).svg
| width3            = 150
| caption3          = The "Intel Inside" logo used from 2006 to 2014
| image4            = Intel Inside Logo (2014-2020).svg
| caption4          = The "Intel Inside" logo used from 2014 to 2020
| image5            = Intel Inside (logo, 2020).svg
| caption5          = The current "Intel Inside" badge used since 2020, also used as the umbrella branding to promote Intel's low-end processors since 2023
}}

Intel has become one of the world's most recognizable computer brands following its long-running ''Intel Inside'' [[advertising campaign|campaign]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bulik |first=Beth Snyder |title=Inside the 'Inside Intel' Campaign |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/inside-the-inside-intel-campaign-2009-9 |access-date=September 3, 2024 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> The idea for "Intel Inside" came out of a meeting between Intel and one of the major computer resellers, [[MicroAge]].<ref name="Mion">Ronald J. Mion, former Vice President of Marketing (2/88-7/89), MicroAge, cited February 2016</ref>

In the late 1980s, Intel's market share was being seriously eroded by upstart competitors such as AMD, [[Zilog]], and others who had started to sell their less expensive microprocessors to computer manufacturers. This was because, by using cheaper processors, manufacturers could make cheaper computers and gain more market share in an increasingly price-sensitive market. In 1989, Intel's Dennis Carter visited MicroAge's headquarters in Tempe, Arizona, to meet with MicroAge's VP of Marketing, Ron Mion. MicroAge had become one of the largest distributors of Compaq, IBM, HP, and others and thus was a primary{{snd}}although indirect{{snd}}driver of demand for microprocessors. Intel wanted MicroAge to petition its computer suppliers to favor Intel chips. However, Mion felt that the marketplace should decide which processors they wanted. Intel's counterargument was that it would be too difficult to educate PC buyers on why Intel microprocessors were worth paying more for.<ref name="Mion" />

Mion felt that the public did not really need to fully understand why Intel chips were better, they just needed to feel they were better. So Mion proposed a market test. Intel would pay for a MicroAge billboard somewhere saying, "If you're buying a personal computer, make sure it has Intel inside." In turn, MicroAge would put "Intel Inside" stickers on the Intel-based computers in their stores in that area. To make the test easier to monitor, Mion decided to do the test in Boulder, Colorado, where it had a single store. Virtually overnight, the sales of personal computers in that store dramatically shifted to Intel-based PCs. Intel very quickly adopted "Intel Inside" as its primary branding and rolled it out worldwide.<ref name="Mion" /> As is often the case with computer lore, other tidbits have been combined to explain how things evolved. "Intel Inside" has not escaped that tendency and there are other "explanations" that had been floating around.

Intel's branding campaign started with "The Computer Inside" tagline in 1990 in the U.S. and Europe. The Japan chapter of Intel proposed an "Intel in it" tagline and kicked off the Japanese campaign by hosting EKI-KON (meaning "Station Concert" in Japanese) at the Tokyo railway station dome on Christmas Day, December 25, 1990. Several months later, "The Computer Inside" incorporated the Japan idea to become "Intel Inside" which eventually elevated to the worldwide branding campaign in 1991, by Intel marketing manager Dennis Carter.<ref>{{cite web|title=Intel Inside Program: Anatomy of a Brand Campaign|url=http://www.intel.com/pressroom/intel_inside.htm|publisher=Intel Corporation|access-date=July 22, 2011}}</ref> A case study, "Inside Intel Inside", was put together by Harvard Business School.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=29096|title=Inside Intel Inside|first1=Youngme E.|last1=Moon |first2=Christina L.|last2=Darwall|id=Harvard Business School Case 502-083|date=June 2002}}</ref> The five-note jingle was introduced in 1994 and by its tenth anniversary was being heard in 130 countries around the world. The initial branding agency for the "Intel Inside" campaign was DahlinSmithWhite Advertising of [[Salt Lake City]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/18/business/media-business-advertising-small-american-agency-for-intel-now-inside-huge.html |title=The small American agency for Intel is now inside a huge worldwide parent company, Euro RSCG. |date=March 18, 1996 |last=Elliot |first=Stuart |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> The Intel ''swirl'' logo was the work of DahlinSmithWhite art director Steve Grigg under the direction of Intel president and CEO Andy Grove.<ref>{{Cite web |title=When Intel served up hotter chips to the household |url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/when-intel-served-up-hotter-chips-household-mark-billen-drxde |website=LinkedIn}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable ([[WP:NOTRS]]).|date=August 2024}}

The ''Intel Inside'' advertising campaign sought public brand loyalty and awareness of Intel processors in consumer computers.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Intel plans a huge fall campaign for Pentium, its latest and most powerful computer chip.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/08/24/business/media-business-advertising-intel-plans-huge-fall-campaign-for-pentium-its-latest.html | first=Stuart | last=Elliott | date=August 24, 1994 | work=The New York Times}}</ref> Intel paid some of the advertiser's costs for an ad that used the ''Intel Inside'' logo and [[xylo-marimba]] jingle.<ref>{{cite web|title=Intel mulls branding for handheld chips |url=http://news.cnet.com/Intel-mulls-branding-for-handheld-chips/2100-1041_3-1014468.html|first=Richard|last=Shim|date=June 9, 2003|website=[[CNET]]}}</ref>

In 2008, Intel planned to shift the emphasis of its Intel Inside campaign from traditional media such as television and print to newer media such as the Internet.<ref name="IHT" /> Intel required that a minimum of 35% of the money it provided to the companies in its co-op program be used for online marketing.<ref name="IHT">{{Cite news|first=Stuart |last=Elliott |title='Intel inside' ad campaign shifts focus to the Web |date=October 11, 2007 |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/10/11/business/adco.php?WT.mc_id=atomtechnology |work=International Herald Tribune |access-date=October 12, 2007}}</ref> The Intel 2010 annual financial report indicated that $1.8 billion (6% of the gross margin and nearly 16% of the total net income) was allocated to all advertising with Intel Inside being part of that.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.intc.com/intelAR2010/financial/statements/note2/ |title=Intel 2010 Annual Report |publisher=Intel |year=2010 |access-date=July 23, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520021742/http://www.intc.com/intelAR2010/financial/statements/note2/ |archive-date=May 20, 2015 }}</ref>

In 2014, the Intel Inside branding was changed to reflect the new Intel Clear font.

In April 2025, chief marketing officer Brett Hannath announced a new marketing campaign—"That's the power of Intel Inside"—to highlight the usage of Intel products across different markets and industries.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Anton Shilov |date=2025-04-03 |title=Intel refreshes iconic brand with 'That's the power of Intel Inside' campaign |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/intel-refreshes-iconic-brand-with-thats-the-power-of-intel-inside-campaign |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=Tom's Hardware |language=en}}</ref>

===Intel jingle===
{{More citations needed|section|date=March 2022}}
{{Listen image
| main_title = "Intel Spiral"
| main_image = Intel Spiral.svg
| main_image_size = 280px
| main_image_caption = Sheet music of the five-note melody
| main_image_alt = Sheet music of the Intel Spiral, a melody consisting of a chord followed by four notes
| filename = Intel Spiral.flac
| pos = right
| title = Sound-alike recording
| type = music
}}

The D{{music|b}}–D{{music|b}}–G{{music|flat}}–D{{music|flat}}–A{{music|flat}} [[xylophone]]/[[marimba]] [[jingle]], known as the "Intel Spiral" or "Intel Bong",<ref name="bong">{{Cite web|url=https://timeline.intel.com/1995/the-intel-bong|title=The Intel Bong|website=Explore Intel's history|publisher=Intel Corporation|access-date=May 20, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://au.pcmag.com/chipsets-processors/68384/intel-is-changing-its-logo-and-iconic-five-note-bong-sound|title=Intel Is Changing Its Logo and Iconic, Five-Note Bong Sound|author=Michael Kan|magazine=[[PCMag]]|date=September 3, 2020|access-date=October 25, 2022}}</ref> used in Intel advertising was produced by [[Musikvergnuegen]] and written by [[Walter Werzowa]], once a member of the Austrian 1980s sampling band [[Edelweiss (band)|Edelweiss]].<ref>{{Cite news|author=Paul Morley|title=Boot me up, Dessie|url=http://observer.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,4774366-111639,00.html|work=[[The Observer]]|location=London|date=October 19, 2003|access-date=January 17, 2009|author-link=Paul Morley|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205232833/http://observer.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,4774366-111639,00.html|archive-date=February 5, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Intel jingle was made in 1994 to coincide with the launch of the Pentium. It was modified in 1999 to coincide with the launch of the [[Pentium III]], although it overlapped with the 1994 version which was not phased out until 2014.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijhvczlIP2s |title=Travel App от Intel. Приложения для тех, кто всегда на связи |date=May 26, 2014 |last=IntelRussia |access-date=2025-08-16 |via=YouTube}}</ref> An alternate 1999 version can be heard in Pentium III M advertisements. Advertisements for products featuring Intel processors with prominent MMX branding featured a version of the jingle with a shortened first note and an embellishment (shining sound) after the final note in conjunction with the MMX label fading in. In some advertisements, the full jingle is played with the embellishment.

The jingle was remade a second time in 2004 to coincide with the new logo change.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}} Again, it overlapped with the 1999 version and was not mainstreamed until the launch of the Core processors in 2006, with the melody unchanged.

Another remake of the jingle debuted with Intel's new visual identity.<ref name="Intel 2020 logo" /> The company has made use of numerous variants since its rebranding in 2020 (while retaining the mainstream 2006 version).

In 2017, the [[United States Copyright Office]] registered a copyright claim to the 1994 [[sound recording]] of the "Intel Spiral", as it "contained a perceptible and sufficient amount of creative production authorship." However, registration was refused for the underlying [[musical composition]], a [[perfect octave]] followed by a four-note arpeggio, as it was below the [[threshold of originality]].<ref name="usco-reconsideration">{{cite web|url=https://copyright.gov/rulings-filings/review-board/docs/intel-spiral.pdf|title=Re: Second Request for Reconsideration for Refusal to Register Intel Spiral|last=Weston|first=Chris|date=January 23, 2017|publisher=[[United States Copyright Office]]|access-date=May 20, 2025}}</ref>

===Processor naming strategy===
[[File:Intel Core i7 vPro 2020 logo.svg|thumb|The 2020 Intel badge representing the Core i7 brand combined with the vPro platform marketing term]]
In 2006, Intel expanded its promotion of open specification platforms beyond [[Centrino]], to include the [[Intel Viiv|Viiv]] media center PC and the business desktop [[Intel vPro]].

In mid-January 2006, Intel announced that they were dropping the long running ''Pentium'' name from their processors. The Pentium name was first used to refer to the P5 core Intel processors and was done to comply with court rulings that prevent the trademarking of a string of numbers, so competitors could not just call their processor the same name, as had been done with the prior 386 and 486 processors (both of which had copies manufactured by IBM and AMD). They phased out the Pentium names from mobile processors first, when the new [[Yonah (microprocessor)|Yonah]] chips, branded [[Intel Core|Core]] Solo and Core Duo, were released. The desktop processors changed when the Core 2 line of processors were released. By 2009, Intel was using a [[good–better–best]] strategy with Celeron being good, Pentium better, and the Intel Core family representing the best the company has to offer.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/166973/intels_chip_renaming_strategy_meets_resistance.html |title=Intel's Chip Renaming Strategy Meets Resistance |last=Shah |first=Agam |work=[[PC World (magazine)|PC World]] |access-date=June 22, 2009 |archive-date=June 22, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622062304/http://www.pcworld.com/article/166973/intels_chip_renaming_strategy_meets_resistance.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

According to spokesman Bill Calder, Intel has maintained only the Celeron brand, the Atom brand for netbooks and the vPro lineup for businesses. Since late 2009, Intel's mainstream processors have been called Celeron, Pentium, Core i3, Core i5, Core i7, and Core i9 in order of performance from lowest to highest. The 1st-generation Core products carry a 3 digit name, such as i5-750, and the 2nd-generation products carry a 4 digit name, such as the i5-2500, and from 10th generation onwards, Intel processors will have a 5 digit name, such as i9-10900K for desktop. In all cases, a 'K' at the end of it shows that it is an unlocked processor, enabling additional overclocking abilities (for instance, 2500K). vPro products will carry the Intel Core i7 vPro processor or the Intel Core i5 vPro processor name.<ref name="Mag">{{Cite news |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2348923,00.asp |title=Intel Simplifying its Processor Branding |last=Hachman |first=Mark |date=June 17, 2009 |work=[[PC Magazine]] |access-date=July 6, 2009}}</ref> In October 2011, Intel started to sell its Core i7-2700K "Sandy Bridge" chip to customers worldwide.<ref>Anton Shilov, XBitLabs. [http://www.xbitlabs.com/news/cpu/display/20111024150841_Intel_Quietly_Starts_to_Sell_New_Unlocked_Core_i7_Chip.html "Intel Quietly Starts to Sell New 'Unlocked' Core i7 Chip"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026194759/http://www.xbitlabs.com/news/cpu/display/20111024150841_Intel_Quietly_Starts_to_Sell_New_Unlocked_Core_i7_Chip.html |date=October 26, 2011}}. October 24, 2011. Retrieved October 26, 2011.</ref>

Since 2010, "Centrino" is only being applied to Intel's WiMAX and Wi-Fi technologies.<ref name="Mag" />

In 2022, Intel announced that they are dropping the Pentium and Celeron naming schemes for their desktop and laptop entry level processors. The "Intel Processor" branding will be replacing the old Pentium and Celeron naming schemes starting in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel drops the Celeron and Pentium names for its low-end laptop CPUs (updated) |url=https://www.engadget.com/intel-drops-celeron-pentium-processor-names-175806870.html |access-date=September 22, 2022 |website=Engadget |date=September 16, 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Ryan |title=Intel to Drop Celeron and Pentium Branding From Laptop Parts In 2023 |url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/17579/intel-to-drop-celeron-and-pentium-branding-from-laptop-parts-in-2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220917011537/https://www.anandtech.com/show/17579/intel-to-drop-celeron-and-pentium-branding-from-laptop-parts-in-2023 |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 17, 2022 |access-date=September 22, 2022 |website=www.anandtech.com}}</ref>

{{Multiple image
| image1            = Intel-Core-7-Badge-2023.png
| image2            = Intel-Core-Ultra-7-Badge-2023.png
| footer            = The since-2023 batches of the [[Intel Core 7]] and the higher-end [[Intel Core Ultra 7]] markings. They are direct successors to what has been known as the once-flagship [[Intel Core i7]].
}}

In 2023, Intel announced that they will be dropping the 'i' in their future processor markings. For example, products such as Core i7, will now be called Core 7. Ultra will be added to the endings of processors that are in the higher end, such as Core Ultra 7.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 21, 2023 |title=Intel drops 'i' processor branding after 15 years, introduces 'Ultra' for higher-end chips |url=https://www.engadget.com/intel-drops-i-processor-branding-after-15-years-introduces-ultra-for-higher-end-chips-130100277.html |access-date=October 13, 2023 |website=Engadget |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollister |first=Sean |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Intel is officially killing off the "i" in Core i7 — as it goes Ultra |url=https://www.theverge.com/21559670/intel-core-rebrand |access-date=October 13, 2023 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref>

===Typography===
Neo Sans Intel is a customized version of [[Neo Sans]] based on the Neo Sans and Neo Tech, designed by Sebastian Lester in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fontmeme.com/intel-font/|title=Intel Font and Intel Logo|website=fontmeme.com|access-date=December 20, 2017|archive-date=June 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607013814/https://fontmeme.com/intel-font/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was introduced alongside Intel's rebranding in 2006. Previously, Intel used [[Helvetica]] as its standard typeface in corporate marketing.

Intel Clear is a global font announced in 2014 designed for to be used across all communications.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsroom.intel.com/chip-shots/chip-shot-intel-clear-designed-to-optimize-communications/|title=Chip Shot: Intel Clear Designed to Optimize Communications|website=Intel Newsroom}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webdesignerdepot.com/2014/05/intel-unveils-its-new-brand-typeface/|title=Intel unveils its new brand typeface – Webdesigner Depot|date=May 20, 2014}}</ref> The font family was designed by [[Red Peek Branding]] and [[Dalton Maag]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/cmo/2014/04/07/whats-different-about-intel/|title=What's Different About Intel?|first=Nathalie|last=Tadena|date=April 7, 2014|access-date=December 20, 2017|archive-date=December 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222053331/https://blogs.wsj.com/cmo/2014/04/07/whats-different-about-intel/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Initially available in Latin, Greek and Cyrillic scripts, it replaced Neo Sans Intel as the company's corporate typeface.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://adage.com/creativity/work/intel-clear/34786|title=Intel Introduces 'Clear,' a Font for the Digital World|date=April 10, 2014|website=adage.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://adage.com/article/digital/inside-intel-s-proprietary-font-design/292577|title=&#124; Ad Age|date=April 16, 2014|website=adage.com}}</ref> Intel Clear Hebrew, Intel Clear Arabic were added by Dalton Maag Ltd.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.daltonmaag.com/work/intel|title=Dalton Maag – Intel|website=www.daltonmaag.com}}</ref> Neo Sans Intel remained in logo and to mark processor type and socket on the packaging of Intel's processors.

In 2020, as part of a new visual identity, a new typeface, Intel One, was designed. It replaced Intel Clear as the font used by the company in most of its branding, however, it is used alongside Intel Clear typeface.<ref>{{cite web|title=Explore Intel's Visual Brand Identity|url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/company-overview/visual-brand-identity.html |access-date=February 15, 2021|website=Intel|language=en}}</ref> In logo, it replaced Neo Sans Intel typeface. However, it is still used to mark processor type and socket on the packaging of Intel's processors.

===Intel Brand Book===
Intel Brand Book is a book produced by Red Peak Branding as part of Intel's new brand identity campaign, celebrating the company's achievements while setting the new standard for what Intel looks, feels and sounds like.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://red-peak.com/work/intelbrandbook|title=Intel Brand Book – RedPeak|date=January 1, 2018|website=RedPeak|access-date=December 20, 2017|archive-date=December 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227192019/http://red-peak.com/work/intelbrandbook|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Charity==
[[File:"Little Bear Blue", Paddington Bear, Noel Street - geograph.org.uk - 4268839.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Paddington Bear]] statue in London designed by Intel, auctioned for the [[National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children|NSPCC]]]]
In November 2014, Intel designed a [[Paddington Bear]] statue—themed "Little Bear Blue"—one of fifty statues created by various celebrities and companies which were located around London.<ref name="statues"/> Created prior to the release of the film ''[[Paddington (film)|Paddington]]'', the Intel-designed statue was located outside [[Framestore]] in [[Chancery Lane]], London, a British visual-effects company which uses Intel technology for films including ''Paddington''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Paddington: the technology behind the small bear from Darkest Peru |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/11270786/Paddington-the-technology-behind-the-small-bear-from-Darkest-Peru.html |access-date=November 25, 2023 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref> The statues were then auctioned to raise funds for the [[National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children]] (NSPCC).<ref name="statues">{{cite news |title=Why Paddington Bear Statues Have Taken Over London |url=https://www.cntraveler.com/galleries/2014-11-24/paddington-bear-statues-taken-over-london-david-beckham-benedict-cumberbatch |access-date=November 25, 2023 |work=Condé Nast}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Murphy |first=Shaunna |title=Emma Watson Designed A Paddington Bear For Charity And It's Freaking Adorable |url=https://www.mtv.com/news/1984950/emma-watson-paddington-bear/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107012511/http://www.mtv.com/news/1984950/emma-watson-paddington-bear/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 7, 2014 |date=November 3, 2014 |access-date=November 25, 2023 |publisher=MTV}}</ref>

== Sponsorships ==
Intel sponsors the [[Intel Extreme Masters]], a series of international [[esports]] tournaments.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 1, 2022 |title=Sponsors - Intel Extreme Masters |url=https://intelextrememasters.com/sponsors/ |access-date=July 23, 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> It was also a sponsor for the Formula 1 teams [[BMW in Formula One|BMW Sauber]] and [[Scuderia Ferrari]] together with AMD, [[AT&T]], [[Pernod Ricard]], [[Diageo]] and [[Vodafone]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sponsorship, the big business behind F1 - CNN.com |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2007/SPORT/09/18/behind.sponsorship/index.html |access-date=July 23, 2024 |website=CNN}}</ref> In 2013, Intel became a sponsor of [[FC Barcelona]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2013 |title=Intel inks deal with soccer club to wear logo INSIDE players' shirts |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/businessmain/intel-inks-deal-soccer-club-wear-logo-inside-players-shirts-2D11741735 |access-date=July 23, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> In 2017, Intel became a sponsor of the [[Olympic Games]], lasting from the [[2018 Winter Olympics]] to the [[2024 Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 21, 2017|title=IOC and Intel announce Worldwide TOP Partnership through to 2024|url=https://olympics.com/ioc/news/ioc-and-intel-announce-worldwide-top-partnership-through-to-2024|website=[[International Olympic Committee]]}}</ref> In 2024, Intel and [[Riot Games]] had an annual sponsorship valued at US$5 million, and one with [[JD Gaming]] for US$3.3 million. The company also had a sponsorship with [[Global Esports Federation|Global Esports]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 1, 2024 |title=Intel generates highest sport technology sponsorship spend in APAC in 2024, reveals GlobalData |url=https://www.globaldata.com/media/sport/intel-generates-highest-sport-technology-sponsorship-spend-apac-2024-reveals-globaldata/ |access-date=July 23, 2024 |website=globaldata.com}}</ref>

==Legal issues==
===Patent infringement litigation (2006–2007)===
In October 2006, [[Transmeta]] filed a lawsuit against Intel for patent infringement on computer architecture and power efficiency technologies.<ref name="Transmeta lawsuit 2006">{{cite news|title=Transmeta Announces Patent Infringement Lawsuit Against Intel Corporation |date=October 11, 2006 |publisher=Transmeta Corporation |url=http://investor.transmeta.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=214275 |work=investor.transmeta.com (Press release) |access-date=July 28, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070501122930/http://investor.transmeta.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=214275 |archive-date=May 1, 2007}}</ref> The lawsuit was settled in October 2007, with Intel agreeing to pay US$150&nbsp;million initially and US$20&nbsp;million per year for the next five years. Both companies agreed to drop lawsuits against each other, while Intel was granted a perpetual non-exclusive license to use current and future patented Transmeta technologies in its chips for 10 years.<ref name="Reuters October 24, 2007">{{cite news|title=Transmeta settles patent suit with Intel |date=October 24, 2007 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/technology-media-telco-SP/idUSWNAS782620071024 |work=Reuters |access-date=October 25, 2007}}</ref>

===Antitrust allegations and litigation (2005–2023)===
{{Main|High-Tech Employee Antitrust Litigation}}

{{See also|AMD v. Intel}}

In September 2005, Intel filed a response to an AMD lawsuit,<ref name="Intel response September 1, 2005">{{cite news|title=Intel Files Response To AMD Complaint |date=September 1, 2005 |url=http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/20050901corp.htm |publisher=Intel Corporation (Press release) |access-date=July 28, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060624004033/http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/20050901corp.htm |archive-date=June 24, 2006}}</ref> disputing AMD's claims, and claiming that Intel's business practices are fair and lawful. In a rebuttal, Intel deconstructed AMD's offensive strategy and argued that AMD struggled largely as a result of its own bad business decisions, including underinvestment in essential manufacturing capacity and excessive reliance on contracting out chip foundries.<ref name="Forbes September 2, 2005">{{cite news|first=David |last=Whelan |title=Intel's Legal Strategy Takes Shape |date=September 2, 2005 |url=https://www.forbes.com/technology/2005/09/02/intel-amd-antitrust-cz_dw_0902intel.html |work=Forbes |access-date=July 28, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051001170040/http://forbes.com/technology/2005/09/02/intel-amd-antitrust-cz_dw_0902intel.html |archive-date=October 1, 2005 }}</ref> Legal analysts predicted the lawsuit would drag on for a number of years, since Intel's initial response indicated its unwillingness to settle with AMD.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/DownloadableAssets/AMD_Intel_Battle.pdf |title=AMD, Intel Battle Wages On As EU Decision Nears |access-date=January 7, 2008 |date=March 20, 2006 |work=AMD |publisher=Portfolio Media, Inc |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080216022410/http://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/DownloadableAssets/AMD_Intel_Battle.pdf |archive-date=February 16, 2008}}</ref><ref name="InfoWorld September 1, 2005">{{cite news|first=Tom |last=Krazit |title=Update: Intel issues formal response to AMD's antitrust lawsuit |date=September 1, 2005 |publisher=IDG News Service |url=http://www.infoworld.com/article/05/09/01/HNintelresponse_1.html |work=infoworld.com |access-date=January 7, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201175017/http://www.infoworld.com/article/05/09/01/HNintelresponse_1.html |archive-date=February 1, 2008 }}</ref> In 2008, a court date was finally set.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Intel, AMD Lawsuit Pushed Off to 2010|url=http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Desktops-and-Notebooks/Intel-AMD-Lawsuit-Pushed-Off-to-2010/|magazine=[[eWeek]]|access-date=June 12, 2008}}</ref><ref name="settled">{{cite web |last=Shankland |first=Stephen |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13578_3-10396798-38.html |title=What Intel just bought for $1.25&nbsp;billion: Less risk |publisher=CNET News |date=November 12, 2009 |access-date=July 29, 2010 |archive-date=August 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815170319/http://news.cnet.com/8301-13578_3-10396798-38.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On November 4, 2009, New York's attorney general filed an antitrust lawsuit against Intel Corp, claiming the company used "illegal threats and collusion" to dominate the market for computer microprocessors.

On November 12, 2009, AMD agreed to drop the antitrust lawsuit against Intel in exchange for $1.25&nbsp;billion.<ref name="settled" /> A joint press release published by the two chip makers stated "While the relationship between the two companies has been difficult in the past, this agreement ends the legal disputes and enables the companies to focus all of our efforts on product innovation and development."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/2009/20091112corp_a.htm?cid=rss-90004-c1-245235 |title=AMD and Intel Announce Settlement of All Antitrust and IP Disputes |publisher=Intel Corporation |access-date=July 29, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amd.com/us/press-releases/Pages/amd-press-release-2009nov12.aspx |title=AMD and Intel Announce Settlement of All Antitrust and IP Disputes |publisher=Amd.com |access-date=July 29, 2010}}</ref>

An antitrust lawsuit<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/billsinger/2012/11/19/after-apple-google-adobe-pixar-google-and-intuit-antitrust-employment-charges-hit-ebay/|title=After Apple, Google, Adobe, Intel, Pixar, And Intuit, Antitrust Employment Charges Hit eBay|author=Bill Singer|date=November 19, 2012|work=Forbes}}</ref> and a [[Class action|class-action]] suit relating to [[cold calling]] employees of other companies has been settled.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/apple-google-agree-to-settle-lawsuit-alleging-hiring-salary-conspiracy/2014/04/24/56f1bb32-cbff-11e3-95f7-7ecdde72d2ea_story.html?tid=hpModule_a2e19bf4-86a3-11e2-9d71-f0feafdd1394|title=Apple, Google agree to settle lawsuit alleging hiring, salary conspiracy|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | first=Dan|last=Levine|date=April 24, 2014}}</ref>

====Allegations by Japan Fair Trade Commission (2005)====
In 2005, the local [[Fair Trade Commission (Japan)|Fair Trade Commission]] found that Intel violated the [[Antimonopoly Act (Japan)|Japanese Antimonopoly Act]]. The commission ordered Intel to eliminate discounts that had discriminated against AMD. To avoid a trial, Intel agreed to comply with the order.<ref>{{cite news|title=EU files new competition charges against Intel |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUKL1730607220080718?pageNumber=3&virtualBrandChannel=0 |work=Reuters |date=July 17, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216122419/http://uk.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUKL1730607220080718?pageNumber=3&virtualBrandChannel=0 |archive-date=December 16, 2008}}</ref><ref>[http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/europe-files-more-antitrust-complaints/story.aspx?guid={6B204911-970B-468B-9E40-09787DDB4345}&dist=msr_4 Europe files more antitrust complaints against Intel – MarketWatch]. Marketwatch (July 17, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/06/20/business/wbjoe21.php Predatory pricing or old-fashioned competition? –]. International Herald Tribune (March 29, 2009). Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://news.cnet.com/Intel-to-abide-by-Japan-FTC-recommendations/2100-1014_3-5649589.html "Intel to abide by Japan FTC recommendations"]. CNET News. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>

====Allegations by regulators in South Korea (2007)====
In September 2007, South Korean regulators accused Intel of breaking antitrust law. The investigation began in February 2006, when officials raided Intel's South Korean offices. The company risked a penalty of up to 3% of its annual sales if found guilty.<ref name="iht September 11, 2007">{{cite news|title=Intel facing antitrust complaint in Korea |date=September 11, 2007 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/11/business/worldbusiness/11iht-chip.4.7467980.html?_r=0 |access-date=November 21, 2015}}</ref> In June 2008, the Fair Trade Commission ordered Intel to pay a fine of US$25.5&nbsp;million for taking advantage of its dominant position to offer incentives to major Korean PC manufacturers on the condition of not buying products from AMD.<ref name="MarketWatch June 5, 2008">{{cite news|first=Benjamin |last=Pimentel|title=Intel fined $25.5&nbsp;million by South Korea |date=June 5, 2008 |publisher=[[MarketWatch]] |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/intel-fined-255-million-south/story.aspx?guid={5E548C55-0A59-47BA-8910-96F61A8C23E0}&dist=msr_2 |work=marketwatch.com |access-date=July 5, 2008}}</ref>

====Allegations by regulators in the United States (2008–2010)====
New York started an investigation of Intel in January 2008 on whether the company violated antitrust laws in pricing and sales of its microprocessors.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/10/technology/10cnd-chip.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=Intel Gets New York Subpoena in Antitrust Inquiry|first=Nicholas|last=Confessore|date=January 10, 2008|access-date=May 5, 2010}}</ref> In June 2008, the [[Federal Trade Commission]] also began an antitrust investigation of the case.<ref>{{Cite news|title=In Turnabout, Antitrust Unit Looks at Intel|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/07/technology/07chip.html|work=The New York Times|date=June 7, 2008|access-date=December 31, 2008 | first=Stephen | last=Labaton}}</ref> In December 2009, the FTC announced it would initiate an administrative proceeding against Intel in September 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ftc.gov/opa/2009/12/intel.shtm |title=FTC Challenges Intel's Dominance of Worldwide Microprocessor Markets |publisher=Ftc.gov |date=December 16, 2009 |access-date=July 29, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20091217-712217.html|date=December 17, 2009 |title=FTC's Intel Lawsuit To Test Scope Of Agency's Antitrust Power |website=WSJ.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118015722/http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20091217-712217.html|archive-date=January 18, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ftc.gov/os/adjpro/d9341/091216intelcmpt.pdf |title=United States of America Before The Federal Trade Commission |publisher=FTC |access-date=January 8, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=King |first=Ian |url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/dec2009/tc20091216_885383.htm |title=FTC Wants Intel to Repent, Not Pay Up |work=BusinessWeek |date=December 16, 2009 |access-date=July 29, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125122437/http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/dec2009/tc20091216_885383.htm |archive-date=January 25, 2010 }}</ref>

In November 2009, following a two-year investigation, [[New York Attorney General]] [[Andrew Cuomo]] sued Intel, accusing them of bribery and coercion, claiming that Intel bribed computer makers to buy more of their chips than those of their rivals and threatened to withdraw these payments if the computer makers were perceived as working too closely with its competitors. Intel has denied these claims.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Intel in threats and bribery suit|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8343179.stm|work=BBC News |date=November 4, 2009|access-date=December 18, 2009}}</ref>

On July 22, 2010, [[Dell]] agreed to a settlement with the [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] (SEC) to pay $100 million in penalties resulting from charges that Dell did not accurately disclose accounting information to investors. In particular, the SEC charged that from 2002 to 2006, Dell had an agreement with Intel to receive rebates in exchange for not using chips manufactured by AMD. These substantial rebates were not disclosed to investors, but were used to help meet investor expectations regarding the company's financial performance; "These exclusivity payments grew from 10% of Dell's operating income in FY 2003 to 38% in FY 2006, and peaked at 76% in the first quarter of FY 2007."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/news/press/2010/2010-131.htm|title=SEC Charges Dell and Senior Executives with Disclosure and Accounting Fraud (Press Release No. 2010-131; July 22, 2010|website=www.sec.gov}}</ref> Dell eventually did adopt AMD as a secondary supplier in 2006, and Intel subsequently stopped their rebates, causing Dell's financial performance to fall.<ref>
{{Cite news
  | last = Gibb
  | first = Gordon
  | title = Dell Agrees to $100 in Penalties to Settle SEC Accounting Fraud Charges
  | publisher=LawyersandSettlements.com
  | date = July 24, 2010
| df = mdy-all
  | url = http://www.lawyersandsettlements.com/articles/14615/business-fraud-unfair-accounting-dell.html
  | access-date =July 25, 2010}}</ref><ref>
{{Cite news
  | last = Krantz
  | first = Matt
  | author2=Swartz, Jon
  | title = Dell settles SEC charges of fraudulent accounting
  | newspaper=[[USA Today]]
  | date = July 24, 2010
| url = https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/technology/2010-07-22-dell-sec-settlement_N.htm
  | access-date =July 25, 2010}}
</ref><ref>
{{Cite news
 |first=Kevin
 |last=Reed
 |title=Dell pays $100m penalty to settle accounting fraud charges
 |url=http://www.accountancyage.com/accountancyage/news/2266948/dell-pays-100m-penalty-settle
 |work=[[Accountancy Age]]
 |date=July 23, 2010
|access-date=July 25, 2010
|url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725104512/http://www.accountancyage.com/accountancyage/news/2266948/dell-pays-100m-penalty-settle
 |archive-date=July 25, 2010

}}
</ref>

====Allegations by the European Union (2007–2023)====
In July 2007, the [[European Commission]] accused Intel of [[anti-competitive practices]], mostly against AMD.<ref name="Europa Memo July 27, 2007">{{cite news|title=Competition: Commission confirms sending of Statement of Objections to Intel |date=July 27, 2007 |url=http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/07/314& |work=Europa (web portal) |access-date=July 28, 2007}}</ref> The allegations, going back to 2003, include giving preferential prices to computer makers buying most or all of their [[microprocessor|chips]] from Intel, paying computer makers to delay or cancel the launch of products using AMD chips, and providing chips at below standard cost to governments and educational institutions.<ref name="Reuters July 27, 2007">{{cite news|first=David |last=Lawsky |title=Update 4-EU says Intel tried to squeeze out Advanced Micro Devices |date=July 27, 2007 |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/governmentFilingsNews/idUSL2783620520070727?sp=true |access-date=July 28, 2007}}</ref> Intel responded that the allegations were unfounded and instead qualified its market behavior as consumer-friendly.<ref name="Reuters July 27, 2007"/> General counsel [[Bruce Sewell]] responded that the commission had misunderstood some factual assumptions regarding pricing and manufacturing costs.<ref name="Reuters July 27, 2007 (2)">{{cite news|first=David |last=Lawsky |title=Intel says EU made errors in antitrust charges |date=July 27, 2007 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/technology-media-telco-SP/idUSL2788098920070727?sp=true |work=Reuters |access-date=July 28, 2007}}</ref>

In February 2008, Intel announced that its office in Munich had been raided by [[European Union]] regulators. Intel reported that it was cooperating with investigators.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7241022.stm |date=February 12, 2008 |access-date=February 12, 2008 |work=BBC News |title=EU regulator raids Intel offices}}</ref> Intel faced a fine of up to 10% of its annual revenue if found guilty of stifling competition.<ref name="BBC Intel 2007-07-27">{{cite news|title=EU outlines Intel 'market abuse' |date=July 27, 2007 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6918975.stm |work=BBC News |access-date=July 28, 2007}}</ref> AMD subsequently launched a website promoting these allegations.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Peter |last=Clarke |title=AMD sets up website to tell "the truth about Intel" |date=August 8, 2007 |publisher=CMP Media LLC |url=http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=201303681 |work=eetimes.com |access-date=August 9, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926220601/http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=201303681 |archive-date=September 26, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://breakfree.amd.com/en-us/default.aspx |title=AMD Break Free |access-date=August 9, 2007 |date=July 31, 2007 |work=breakfree.amd.com |publisher=Advanced Micro Devices, Inc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070731232711/http://breakfree.amd.com/en-us/default.aspx |archive-date=July 31, 2007}}</ref> In June 2008, the EU filed new charges against Intel.<ref>{{cite news|title=EU files new competition charges against Intel|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUKL1730607220080718 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204062439/http://uk.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUKL1730607220080718 |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 4, 2008 |work=Reuters |date=July 17, 2008|access-date=September 10, 2008 | first=Pete | last=Harrison}}</ref> In May 2009, the EU found that Intel had engaged in anti-competitive practices and subsequently fined Intel €1.06&nbsp;billion (US$1.44&nbsp;billion), a record amount. Intel was found to have paid companies, including [[Acer Inc.|Acer]], [[Dell]], [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]], [[Lenovo]] and [[NEC]],<ref name="fine">{{Cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1897913,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090516170330/http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1897913,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 16, 2009|title=The Chips Are Down: Intel's $1.45&nbsp;billion Fine|date=May 13, 2009|magazine=TIME|access-date=May 13, 2009}}</ref> to exclusively use Intel chips in their products, and therefore harmed other, less successful companies including AMD.<ref name="fine" /><ref>[http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/09/745&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en "Antitrust: Commission imposes fine of €1.06 bn on Intel for abuse of dominant position; orders Intel to cease illegal practices", reference: IP/09/745, date: May 13, 2009]. Europa.eu (May 13, 2009). Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref><ref>[[Neelie Kroes]], [http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/09/241&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en "Commission takes antitrust action against Intel", introductory remarks at press conference, Brussels, May 13, 2009]</ref> The European Commission said that Intel had deliberately acted to keep competitors out of the computer chip market and in doing so had made a "serious and sustained violation of the EU's antitrust rules".<ref name="fine" /> In addition to the fine, Intel was ordered by the commission to immediately cease all illegal practices.<ref name="fine" /> Intel has said that they will appeal against the commission's verdict. In June 2014, the General Court, which sits below the European Court of Justice, rejected the appeal.<ref name="fine" />

In 2022 the €1.06 billion fine was dropped, but was successively re-imposed in September 2023 as a €376.36 million fine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_4570|title=Antitrust: Commission re-imposes €376.36 million fine on Intel for anticompetitive practices in the market for computer chips|website=ec.europa.eu|date=September 23, 2023|access-date=October 30, 2023|archive-date=October 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024140302/https://europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_4570|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Corporate responsibility record===
Intel has been accused by some residents of [[Rio Rancho, New Mexico]], of allowing [[Volatile organic compound|volatile organic compounds]] (VOCs) to be released in excess of their pollution permit. One resident claimed that a release of 1.4 tons of [[carbon tetrachloride]] was measured from one acid scrubber during the fourth quarter of 2003 but an emission factor allowed Intel to report no carbon tetrachloride emissions for all of 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.corralescomment.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=717&Itemid=2|title=Corrales Comment|work=corralescomment.com|access-date=July 6, 2012|archive-date=September 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211550/http://www.corralescomment.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=717&Itemid=2|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Another resident alleges that Intel was responsible for the release of other VOCs from their Rio Rancho site and that a [[necropsy]] of lung tissue from two deceased dogs in the area indicated trace amounts of [[toluene]], [[hexane]], [[ethylbenzene]], and [[xylene]] isomers,<ref>[http://www.corralescomment.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=594&Itemid=2 Corrales Comment 11/25/2006 Intel Pollution Unresolved] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205141244/http://www.corralescomment.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=594&Itemid=2 |date=February 5, 2016 }}.</ref> all of which are [[solvent]]s used in industrial settings but also commonly found in [[gasoline]], retail [[paint thinner]]s and retail solvents. During a sub-committee meeting of the New Mexico Environment Improvement Board, a resident claimed that Intel's own reports documented more than {{convert|1580|lb}} of VOCs were released in June and July 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://corralescomment.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=616&Itemid=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705144619/http://corralescomment.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=616&Itemid=2|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 5, 2012|title=Corrales Comment – Local Village News, Issues, Events & Ads – Intel Pollution Control Shut Down Probed|date=July 5, 2012}}</ref>

Intel's environmental performance is published annually in their corporate responsibility report.<ref>[http://www.intel.com/intel/cr/gcr/overview.htm?iid=intel_corp+rhc_visit_report Intel Corporate Responsibility Report]. Intel.com. Retrieved July 8, 2011. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412034616/http://www.intel.com/intel/cr/gcr/overview.htm?iid=intel_corp%20rhc_visit_report|date=April 12, 2010}}</ref>

====Conflict-free production====
In 2009, Intel announced that it planned to undertake an effort to remove [[conflict resource]]s—materials sourced from mines whose profits are used to fund armed militant groups, particularly within the Democratic Republic of the Congo—from its supply chain. Intel sought conflict-free sources of the precious metals common to electronics from within the country, using a system of first- and third-party audits, as well as input from the [[Enough Project]] and other organizations. During a keynote address at [[Consumer Electronics Show]] 2014, Intel CEO at the time, Brian Krzanich, announced that the company's microprocessors would henceforth be conflict free. In 2016, Intel stated that it had expected its entire supply chain to be conflict-free by the end of the year.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gunther|first=Marc|date=January 13, 2014|title=Intel unveils conflict-free processors: will the industry follow suit?|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/intel-conflict-minerals-ces-congo-electronics |access-date=November 6, 2017|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=January 5, 2016|title=In 2016, Intel's Entire Supply Chain Will Be Conflict-Free|language=en-US|work=Fast Company|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3055066/in-2016-intels-entire-supply-chain-will-be-conflict-free |access-date=November 6, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=January 6, 2014|title=Starting Now, All Intel Microprocessors Are Conflict-Free: Here's How The Company Did It|language=en-US|work=Fast Company|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3024292/starting-now-all-intel-microprocessors-are-conflict-free-heres-how-the-company-did-it |access-date=November 6, 2017}}</ref>

In its 2012 rankings on the progress of consumer electronics companies relating to [[conflict minerals]], the Enough Project rated Intel the best of 24 companies, calling it a "Pioneer of progress".<ref name="EnoughProject2012">{{cite web |url=http://www.enoughproject.org/files/CorporateRankings2012.pdf |title=Taking Conflict Out of Consumer Gadgets: Company Rankings on Conflict Minerals 2012 |access-date=August 17, 2012 |last=Lezhnev |first=Sasha |author2=Alex Hellmuth |date=August 2012 |publisher=[[Enough Project]]}}</ref> In 2014, chief executive Brian Krzanich urged the rest of the industry to follow Intel's lead by also shunning conflict minerals.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-25636001 |title=Intel vows to stop using 'conflict minerals' in new chips |last1=Miller |first1=Joe |date=January 7, 2014 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |publisher=The BBC |access-date=January 7, 2014}}</ref>

===Age discrimination complaints===
Intel has faced complaints of [[age discrimination]] in firing and layoffs. Intel was sued in 1993 by nine former employees, over allegations that they were laid off because they were over the age of 40.<ref>"Intel Sued for Discrimination", ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', January 30, 1993, B-12.</ref>

A group called FACE Intel (Former and Current Employees of Intel) claims that Intel weeds out older employees. FACE Intel claims that more than 90% of people who have been laid off or fired from Intel are over the age of 40. ''[[Upside (magazine)|Upside]]'' magazine requested data from Intel breaking out its hiring and firing by age, but the company declined to provide any.<ref name="upside">Alster, Norm, (December 7, 1998). [http://www.programmersguild.org/archives/lib/agediscimination/upm19981207older.htm "Techies complain of age biases"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522163807/http://www.programmersguild.org/archives/lib/agediscimination/upm19981207older.htm |date=May 22, 2009}}, ''Upside Magazine''. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref> Intel has denied that age plays any role in Intel's employment practices.<ref>Weinberg, Neal (September 14, 1998). [http://www.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9809/14/tooold.idg/index.html "Help Wanted: Older workers need not apply"]. CNN. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref> FACE Intel was founded by Ken Hamidi, who was fired from Intel in 1995 at the age of 47.<ref name="upside" /> Hamidi was blocked in a 1999 court decision from using Intel's email system to distribute criticism of the company to employees,<ref>Goodin, Dan (April 28, 1999) [http://news.cnet.com/Court-blocks-former-Intel-employees-spam/2100-1023_3-225092.html "Court blocks former Intel employee's spam"]. CNET News. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref> which overturned in 2003 in ''[[Intel Corp. v. Hamidi]]''.

===Tax dispute in India===
In August 2016, Indian officials of the [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike]] (BBMP) parked garbage trucks on Intel's campus and threatened to dump them for evading payment of property taxes between 2007 and 2008, to the tune of {{INRConvert|340|m|lk=on}}. Intel had reportedly been paying taxes as a non-air-conditioned office, when the campus in fact had central air conditioning. Other factors, such as land acquisition and construction improvements, added to the tax burden. Previously, Intel had appealed the demand in the [[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka high court]] in July, during which the court ordered Intel to pay BBMP half the owed amount of {{INRConvert|170|m}} plus arrears by August 28 of that year.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kasli|first=Shelley|date=August 10, 2016|title=Rothschild Inside, Garbage Outside|url=http://greatgameindia.com/rothschild-inside-garbage-outside/|journal=GreatGameIndia Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Bell|first1=Kay|date=August 10, 2016|title=Indian city raises stink over Intel's unpaid taxes|url=http://www.dontmesswithtaxes.com/2016/08/indian-city-raises-stink-over-unpaid-tax-by-intel.html|website=Don't Mess With Taxes|access-date=January 10, 2017}}</ref>

=== Hardware instability lawsuit ===
In November 2024, a group of Intel customers who had purchased the company's [[Raptor Lake]] CPUs filed a class-action lawsuit against Intel, alleging that the company was aware of instability issues affecting 13th- and 14th-generation Raptor Lake CPUs that the company failed to disclose to customers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shilov |first=Anton |date=2024-11-07 |title=Intel slapped with class action lawsuit for Raptor Lake CPU instability issues — chipmaker accused of consciously selling defective chips |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/cpus/intel-slapped-with-class-action-lawsuit-for-raptor-lake-cpu-instability-issues-chipmaker-accused-of-consciously-selling-defective-chips |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530204144/https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/cpus/intel-slapped-with-class-action-lawsuit-for-raptor-lake-cpu-instability-issues-chipmaker-accused-of-consciously-selling-defective-chips |archive-date=2025-05-30 |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=[[Tom's Hardware]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Product issues ==
<!-- 
Add Product issues section like Tesla's article
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla,_Inc.#Vehicle_product_issues
-->
=== Recalls ===
==== Pentium FDIV bug ====
{{Excerpt|Pentium FDIV bug|paragraphs=1|references=no}}

=== Security vulnerabilities ===
==== Transient execution CPU vulnerability ====
{{Excerpt|Transient execution CPU vulnerability}}

=== Instability issues ===
==== Raptor Lake ====
{{Excerpt|Raptor Lake|Instability and degradation issue|paragraphs=1|references=no}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Companies|Electronics|Technology|San Francisco Bay Area|California|Oregon|United States}}
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[ASCI Red]]
* [[Bumpless Build-up Layer]]
* [[Comparison of Intel processors]]
* [[Cyrix]]
* [[Engineering sample]]
* [[Intel Developer Zone]]
* [[Intel GMA]]
* [[Intel Graphics Technology]]
* [[Intel Level Up]]
* [[Intel Management Engine]]
* [[Intel Museum]]
* [[Intel PRO/Wireless]]
* [[List of Intel chipsets]]
* [[List of Intel CPU microarchitectures]]
* [[List of Intel manufacturing sites]]
* [[List of mergers and acquisitions by Intel]]
* [[List of semiconductor fabrication plants]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Intel}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{OpenCorp}}
* {{OpenSecrets}}
{{Finance links
| name = Intel Corporation
| symbol = INTC
| sec_cik = 50863
| yahoo = INTC
| google = INTC:NASDAQ
}}

{{Intel}}
{{Navboxes
| title = Intel-related navigation boxes
| list =  
{{Intel technology}}
{{Intel software}}
{{Intel processors}}
{{Solid-state drive}}
{{NASDAQ-100}}
{{Open Handset Alliance Members}}
{{Major semiconductor companies}}
{{Programmable Logic}}
{{Electronics industry in the United States}} 
}}
{{Authority control}}<!-- IMPORTANT! DO NOT REMOVE! See [[Wikipedia:Authority control]] for details. -->

[[Category:Intel| ]]
[[Category:1968 establishments in California]]
[[Category:1970s initial public offerings]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1968]]
[[Category:Companies based in Santa Clara, California]]
[[Category:Companies in the Dow Jones Global Titans 50]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Nasdaq]]
[[Category:Computer companies established in 1968]]
[[Category:Computer hardware companies]]
[[Category:Computer memory companies]]
[[Category:Computer storage companies]]
[[Category:Computer systems companies]]
[[Category:Electronics companies established in 1968]]
[[Category:Former components of the Dow Jones Industrial Average]]
[[Category:Foundry semiconductor companies]]
[[Category:Graphics hardware companies]]
[[Category:Linux companies]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area]]
[[Category:Mobile phone manufacturers]]
[[Category:Motherboard companies]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in the United States]]
[[Category:Semiconductor companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Software companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area]]
[[Category:Software companies established in 1968]]
[[Category:Software companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Superfund sites in California]]