View source for Integrated geography

{{Short description|Intersection of human and physical geography}}
[[File:Rice_terrace.png|thumb|250px|Rice terraces located in Mù Cang Chải district, [[Yên Bái province]], [[Vietnam]]]]
'''Integrated geography''' (also referred to as '''integrative geography''',<ref>Nicolaas A. Rupke (2008): ''Alexander Von Humboldt: A Metabiography''. [[Chicago]]: [[University of Chicago Press]]. {{ISBN|9780226731490}}</ref> '''environmental geography''' or '''human–environment geography''') is where the branches of [[human geography]] and [[physical geography]] overlap to describe and explain the [[spatial analysis|spatial]] aspects of interactions between human individuals or societies and their [[natural environment]],<ref>Noel Castree ''et al.'' (2009): ''A Companion to Environmental Geography''. [[London]]: [[Wiley-Blackwell]]. {{ISBN|9781444305739}}</ref> these interactions being called [[coupled human–environment system]].

== Origins ==
Integrated geography requires an understanding of the dynamics of [[physical geography]], as well as the ways in which human societies conceptualize the environment ([[human geography]]). Thus, to a certain degree, it may be seen as a successor of ''Physische Anthropogeographie'' (English: "physical anthropogeography")—a term coined by [[University of Vienna]] geographer [[Albrecht Penck]] in 1924<ref>Karlheinz Paffen (1959): Stellung und Bedeutung der Physischen Anthropogeographie. In: ''[[Erdkunde]]'' 13 (4), pp. 354–372. [https://dx.doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.1959.04.08 DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.1959.04.08]</ref>—and geographical [[Cultural ecology|cultural]] or [[human ecology]] ([[Harlan H. Barrows]] 1923). Integrated geography in the United States is principally influenced by the schools of [[Carl O. Sauer]] (Berkeley), whose perspective was rather historical, and [[Gilbert F. White]] (Chicago), who developed a more applied view.
Integrated geography describes and explains the spatial aspects of interactions between human individuals or societies and their natural environment, called [[coupled human–environment system]]s.

== Focus ==
[[File:Finley wildlife refuge.jpg|thumb|Wildlife refuge located in Oregon, United States.]]
The links between human and physical geography were once more apparent than they are today. As human experience of the world is increasingly mediated by technology, the relationships between humans and the environment have often become obscured. Thereby, integrated geography represents a critically important set of analytical tools for assessing the impact of human presence on the [[environment (biophysical)|environment]]. This is done by measuring the result of human activity on natural landforms and cycles.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Garcia|first1=Hector|title=Environmental Geography|date=2010|publisher=Apple Academic Press, Inc.|isbn=978-1926686684}}</ref> Methods for which this information is gained include [[remote sensing]], and [[geographic information system]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|title=An introduction to human-environment geography : local dynamics and global processes|last=G.|first=Moseley, William|date=2014-01-01|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|isbn=9781405189316|oclc=921583361}}</ref> Integrated geography helps us to ponder the environment in terms of its relationship to people. With integrated geography we can analyze different social science and humanities perspectives and their use in understanding people environment processes.<ref>{{Cite book|title=An Introduction to Human-Environment Geography|last1=Moseley|first1=William G.|last2=Perramond|first2=Eric|last3=Hapke|first3=Holly M.|last4=Laris|first4=Paul|publisher=Wiley Blackwell|year=2014|pages=26–27}}</ref> Hence, it is considered the third branch of geography,<ref>David Demeritt (2009): From externality to inputs and interference: framing environmental research in geography. In: ''Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers'' 34 (1), pp. 3–11, [https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2008.00333.x DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-5661.2008.00333.x.]</ref> the other branches being physical and human geography.<ref>Arild Holt-Jensen (1999): ''Geography - History and Concepts: A Student's Guide''. London: SAGE. {{ISBN|9780761961802}}</ref>

== References ==
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{{Geography topics}}
{{Human geography}}
{{Environmental social science}}
{{Social sciences}}

[[Category:Human–environment interaction]]
[[Category:Environmental social science]]
[[Category:Human geography]]
[[Category:Physical geography]]