View source for Indore

{{short description|Metropolitan Tier 2 city in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{About|the city in Madhya Pradesh, India|}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=March 2020}}
{{original research|date=March 2020}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Indore
| native_name        = {{nativename|hi|Indaura}}
| settlement_type    = [[Metropolis]]
| official_name      = 
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border                   = infobox
| total_width              = 295
| image_style              = 
| perrow                   = 1/2/2/2/2/2
 | image1      = Indore Rajwada01.jpg
| caption1 = [[Rajwada|Rajwada Palace]]
 | image2      = The Daly College.jpg
| caption2 = [[Daly College]]
 | image3      =  
 | image4      = 
 | image5      = Indore Airport Terminal 16 5 2018.jpg
| caption5= [[Indore Airport]]
 | image6      = IIM Indore Acad block iimi.jpg
| caption6 =  [[Indian Institute of Management Indore|IIM Indore]]
 | image7      =  Vanadium Building.jpg
| caption7 =  Vanadium building 
 | image8      = Indore IT Crystal Park.jpg
| caption8 = IT Crystal Park
 | image9      = Regional Park Indore.jpg
| caption9 =  Regional park
 | image10     = Patalpani Waterfall.jpg
| caption10 = [[Patalpani waterfall]]
 | image11     = Khajrana Ganesh Temple.jpg
| caption11 = [[Khajrana Ganesh Temple]]
|image12=Entrance of IIT Indore.jpg
|caption12=  Entrance of [[Indian Institute of Technology Indore|IIT Indore]]
}}
| nickname           = Street Food Capital of India<ref>{{cite web|title=India's Street Food Capital Indore Badly Hit By COVID-19 Pandemic; Vendors Shut Down Iconic Stalls|url=https://curlytales.com/indias-street-food-capital-indore-badly-hit-by-covid-19-pandemic-vendors-shut-down-iconic-stalls/|website=Curly Tales|access-date=7 January 2022|date=5 August 2021|archive-date=7 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107100746/https://curlytales.com/indias-street-food-capital-indore-badly-hit-by-covid-19-pandemic-vendors-shut-down-iconic-stalls/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Indore: The City That Loves To Eat|url=https://www.thequint.com/lifestyle/food/indore-the-city-that-loves-to-eat|website=[[The Quint]]|access-date=7 January 2022|language=en|date=6 October 2017|archive-date=5 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305082323/https://www.thequint.com/lifestyle/food/indore-the-city-that-loves-to-eat|url-status=live}}</ref>
| map_alt            = 
| map_caption        = 
| pushpin_map        = India Madhya Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt    = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Indore in [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| coordinates        = {{coord|22|43|0|N|75|50|50|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type5  = Ward
| subdivision_name1  = {{flagicon image|flag of Madhya Pradesh.svg}} [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Malwa]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Indore district|Indore]]
| subdivision_name5  = 85 wards<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.indore-icai.org/municipal_WARD_parisiman_RMEHTA.pdf|title=Indore Ward List|publisher=[[Indore Municipal Corporation]]|access-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616172346/http://www.indore-icai.org/municipal_WARD_parisiman_RMEHTA.pdf|archive-date=16 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
| established_title  = <!-- Established -->
| established_date   = 
| founder            = 
| named_for          = 
| government_type    = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body     = [[Indore Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_party       = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| leader_title       = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name        = [[Pushyamitra Bhargav]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Indore Municipal Election 2022 Live: इंदौर निकाय चुनाव में बीजेपी आगे, पुष्यमित्र भार्गव की बढ़त बरकरार|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/madhya-pradesh-chhattisgarh/mp/live-updates/indore-municipal-election-2022-results-bjp-pushyamitra-bhargava-victory-fastest-accurate-results-on-zee-mpdt/1261493|access-date=17 July 2022|work=Zee News|date=17 July 2022|language=hi|archive-date=17 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717084005/https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/madhya-pradesh-chhattisgarh/mp/live-updates/indore-municipal-election-2022-results-bjp-pushyamitra-bhargava-victory-fastest-accurate-results-on-zee-mpdt/1261493|url-status=live}}</ref>
| leader_title1      = 
| leader_name1       = 
| leader_title2      = [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader_name2       = Shivam Verma (IAS)<ref>{{cite web|title=Commissioner|url=https://imcindore.mp.gov.in/profile|work=Indore Municipal Corporation|access-date=13 May 2024}}</ref>
| leader_title3      = [[Member of Parliament]]
| leader_name3       = [[Shankar Lalwani]] [[Bharatiya Janata Party|(BJP)]]
| unit_pref          = Metric
| area_footnotes     = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://imcindore.mp.gov.in/?page_id=2452|title=Indore City – Indore municipal corporation|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-date=18 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718113223/http://imcindore.mp.gov.in/?page_id=2452|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="villages"/><ref>{{cite news|title=इंदौर बनेगा महानगर :मेट्रोपॉलिटन से मेट्राे ट्रेन पर ठहरा प्रोजेक्ट; 2000 किमी का होना था इंदौर, अब 1200 वर्ग किमी में होगा|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/mp/indore/news/metropolitan-to-metra-train-halted-project-indore-was-to-be-2000-km-now-it-will-be-in-1200-sq-km-127723085.html|work=Dainik Bhaskar|access-date=20 November 2020|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128073142/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/mp/indore/news/metropolitan-to-metra-train-halted-project-indore-was-to-be-2000-km-now-it-will-be-in-1200-sq-km-127723085.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 530
| area_metro_km2     = 1200
| area_rank          = 6
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 550
| population_total   = 1994397
| population_as_of   = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="CensusGov2011"/>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro   = 2170295
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="census_metro"/><ref name="extended UA 2011">{{cite web|title=INDIA STATS : Million plus cities in India as per Census 2011|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/metropolitan/242-indore.html|access-date=13 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620133955/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/metropolitan/242-indore.html|archive-date=20 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_rank    = [[List of most populous cities in India|14th]]
| population_blank1_title = Metro rank
| population_blank1  = [[List of million-plus agglomerations in India|15th]]
| population_demonym = Indori
| timezone1          = [[Indian Standard Time|UTC+5:30]]
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code        = 4520XX
| area_code          = 0731
| area_code_type     = Telephone code
| registration_plate = MP-09
| blank_name_sec1    = {{nowrap|[[Official language]]}}
| blank_info_sec1    = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=17 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec1   = Effective literacy rate (2011)
| blank1_info_sec1   = 85.5%<ref name="CensusGov2011"/>
| blank2_name_sec1   = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2016)
| blank2_info_sec1   = 0.755 ({{colour|green|High}})<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dif.mp.gov.in/mphdr%5CHDITable_E_1995.pdf|title=The Madhya Pradesh Human Development Index|date=20 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320140548/http://www.dif.mp.gov.in/mphdr%5CHDITable_E_1995.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2016}}</ref>
| blank3_name_sec1   = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank3_info_sec1   = Female 925<br />Male 1000<ref name="auto"/>
| blank_name_sec2    = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank_info_sec2    = [[Climatic regions of India|Cwa / Aw]] <small>([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])</small>
| blank1_name_sec2   = [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]]
| blank1_info_sec2   = {{cvt|945|mm|in}}
| blank2_name_sec2   = Avg. annual temperature
| blank2_info_sec2   = {{cvt|24.0|°C|°F}}
| blank3_name_sec2   = Avg. summer temperature
| blank3_info_sec2   = {{cvt|41|°C|°F}}
| blank4_name_sec2   = Avg. winter temperature
| blank4_info_sec2   = {{cvt|17|°C|°F}}
| website            = {{URL|http://imcindore.mp.gov.in}}, {{URL|https://indore.nic.in}}
| blank5_name_sec2   = [[Gross domestic product|GDP Nominal]] ([[Indore district|Indore District]])
| blank5_info_sec2   = {{INRConvert|648.13|b}} (2020-21)<ref name="auto3">{{cite web|last1=Records|first1=Official|title=Estimates of District Domestic Product Madhya Pradesh|url=http://des.mp.gov.in/Portals/0/ESTIMATES_DISTRICT_DOMESTIC_PRODUCTS_MP_2020-2021.pdf|website=Department of Planning, Economics & Statistics, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh|publisher=Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Madhya Pradesh|access-date=2 January 2023|archive-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212225624/http://des.mp.gov.in/Portals/0/ESTIMATES_DISTRICT_DOMESTIC_PRODUCTS_MP_2020-2021.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''Indore''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=Indore.ogg|ɪ|n|ˈ|d|ɔːr}}; [[ISO 15919|ISO]]: {{Transliteration|hi|ISO|Indaura}}, {{IPA|hi|ɪn̪d̪ɔːr|lang}}) is the largest and most populous [[Cities in India|city]] in the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. The commercial capital of the state, it has been declared as the [[List of cleanest cities in India|cleanest city]] of India 7 times in a row.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2025 |title=Indore earns the title of the ‘Cleanest City’ for seventh consecutive year |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indore-cleanest-city-india-for-the-6th-time-in-a-row-101664649173570.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/travel/destinations/indore-earns-the-title-of-the-cleanest-city-for-seventh-consecutive-year/articleshow/117392152.cms |archive-date=20 January 2025 |access-date=20 January 2025 |website=Times of India |language=en}}</ref> It is also considered the largest education hub in central India and houses campuses of both the [[Indian Institute of Technology Indore|Indian Institute of Technology]] and the [[Indian Institute of Management Indore|Indian Institute of Management]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/entrepreneurship/how-indores-unique-iit-iim-blend-is-spurring-entrepreneurship/articleshow/48497119.cms|title=How Indore's unique IIT-IIM blend is spurring entrepreneurship|access-date=18 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150817231554/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/entrepreneurship/how-indores-unique-iit-iim-blend-is-spurring-entrepreneurship/articleshow/48497119.cms|archive-date=17 August 2015|url-status=live|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=17 August 2015|last1=Duttagupta|first1=Ishani}}</ref> Indore had a population of 5,560,000 ([[urban agglomeration]]) in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indore Population 2025: Religion, Literacy, and Census Data Insights |url=https://censusofindia.net/madhya-pradesh/indore/439 |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=censusofindia.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Rajesh |date=2025-04-29 |title=Indore, Bhopal set to become metropolitan cities: Five districts to be merged under new planning act, Dewas,Sehore to merge; CM approves draft for expansion - Madhya Pradesh News |url=https://www.bhaskarenglish.in/local/mp/news/indore-bhopal-set-to-become-metropolitan-cities-134930618.html |access-date=2025-06-04 |website=Bhaskar English |language=en}}</ref>The Indore Metropolitan Region now encompasses a total area of 9989.69 sq km covering Indore, [[Ujjain]], [[Dewas]], [[Pithampur]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-15 |title=Indore Metropolitan Region plan expands to nearly 10,000 sq km |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/indore-metropolitan-region-plan-expands-to-nearly-10000-sq-km/articleshow/121171171.cms |access-date=2025-06-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>  Indore [[Pithampur]], ranked among India’s top 5 industrial hubs, is a major center for automotive and pharmaceutical manufacturing.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |date=2021-07-03 |title=Asia’s longest high-speed track Natrax unveiled: Things to know |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/auto/news/asias-longest-high-speed-track-natrax-unveiled-things-to-know/articleshow/84090985.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-06-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> With 1,000+ factories and [[NATRAX|Asia’s longest test track]], it drives central India’s industrial growth.<ref name=":6" /> Located on the southern edge of [[Malwa|Malwa Plateau]], at an average altitude of {{convert|553|m}} above sea level,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indore.nic.in/en/about-district/|title=About District {{!}} District Indore, Government of Madhya Pradesh {{!}} India|language=en-US|access-date=8 March 2020|archive-date=29 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429195031/https://indore.nic.in/en/about-district/|url-status=live }}</ref> it has the highest elevation among major cities of Central India. The city is 220 km west of the [[Bhopal]], 350 km east of the [[Ahmedabad]], 480 Km from [[Hazira Port|Hazira Port, Surat]] and 550 Km from [[Jawaharlal Nehru Port|JNPT Sea Port, Mumbai]]. It serves as the headquarters of both the [[Indore District]] and the [[Indore Division]]. The [[Madhya Pradesh High Court Bench at Indore|high court bench]] at Indore is a permanent bench of [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]] in Indore constituted in 1956.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-27 |title=NEET case: Next hearing scheduled for May 29 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/neet-case-next-hearing-scheduled-for-may-29/articleshow/121421485.cms |access-date=2025-06-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> 

Modern-day Indore traces its roots to its 16th-century founding as a trading hub between the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] and [[Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://imcindore.mp.gov.in/?page_id=2452 |access-date=23 April 2025 |website=imcindore.mp.gov.in}}</ref> It was founded on the banks of the [[Kanh River|Kanh]] and [[Saraswati River (Madhya Pradesh)|Saraswati]] rivers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2025 |title=Indore {{!}} Shopping, Food & Sightseeing in Madhya Pradesh, India {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Indore |access-date=23 April 2025 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> The city came under the [[Maratha Confederacy|Maratha Empire]], on 18 May 1724, after [[Peshwa]] [[Baji Rao I]] assumed the full control of [[Malwa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IDA : Indore Development Authority |url=https://www.idaindore.org/frmHeritageofIndore.aspx |access-date=23 April 2025 |website=www.idaindore.org}}</ref> During the days of the British Raj, [[Indore State]] was a 19 [[Salute state|Gun Salute]] (21 locally) [[princely state]] (a rare high rank) ruled by the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] [[House of Holkar|Holkar]] dynasty, until they acceded to the [[Dominion of India|Union of India]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MTZHXwAACAAJ&q=Holkar+state|title=Report on the Administration of Holkar State for 1944 – Indore (India) – Google Books|access-date=4 April 2014|year=1946|last1=(India)|first1=Indore}}</ref>

Indore functions as the financial capital of Madhya Pradesh and was home to the [[Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange]] till its derecognition in 2015.

Indore has been selected as one of the 100 Indian cities to be developed as a [[smart city]] under the [[Smart Cities Mission]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/business/why-only-98-cities-instead-of-100-announced-all-questions-answered-about-smart-cities-project-2410576.html|title=Why only 98 cities instead of 100 announced: All questions answered about smart cities project|work=Firstpost|date=28 August 2015|access-date=25 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119003746/http://www.firstpost.com/business/why-only-98-cities-instead-of-100-announced-all-questions-answered-about-smart-cities-project-2410576.html|archive-date=19 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> It also qualified in the first round of Smart Cities Mission and was selected as one of the first twenty cities to be developed as Smart Cities.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/list-of-first-20-smart-cities-under-smart-cities-mission/article8162775.ece|title=List of first 20 smart cities under Smart Cities Mission|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=16 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222112232/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/list-of-first-20-smart-cities-under-smart-cities-mission/article8162775.ece|archive-date=22 February 2016|url-status=live|date=28 January 2016}}</ref> Indore has been part of the [[Swachh Survekshan]] since its inception and had ranked 25th in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Swachh Survekshan Awards 2019|url=https://www.swachhsurvekshan2020.org/Images/SS2019%20Report.pdf|access-date=9 January 2020|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307134922/https://swachhsurvekshan2020.org/Images/SS2019%20Report.pdf}}</ref> It has been ranked as [[List of cleanest cities in India|India's cleanest city]] seven years in a row as per the Swachh Survekshan for the years 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Saxena|first1=Nishant|date=4 May 2017|title=Swachh Survekshan 2017: Cleanest Cities In Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh- 10 Facts|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/swachh-survekshan-2017-cleanest-cities-in-gujarat-madhya-pradesh-and-andhra-pradesh-10-facts-1689497|work=NDTV|access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/swachh-survekshan-awards-2019-indore-judged-cleanest-city-india-third-time-row/story/325143.html|title=Swachh Survekshan Awards 2019: Indore judged cleanest city in India for third time in a row|website=businesstoday.in|date=6 March 2019|access-date=16 June 2019|archive-date=16 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616222456/https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/swachh-survekshan-awards-2019-indore-judged-cleanest-city-india-third-time-row/story/325143.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ahuja|first1=Aastha|date=1 January 2020|title=Swachh Survekshan League 2020: Indore Tops The Chart, Again, Adjudged Cleanest City Of India for the Fourth Time in a Row {{!}} News|url=https://swachhindia.ndtv.com/swachh-survekshan-league-2020-indore-tops-the-chart-again-adjudged-cleanest-city-of-india-for-the-fourth-time-in-a-row-40680/|access-date=11 January 2020|work=NDTV|archive-date=9 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809141810/http://www.rediff.com/business/report/pix-swachh-bharat-the-cleanest-cities-in-india/20141008.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Bhatia|first1=Anisha|last2=Bhaskar|first2=Sonia|title=India's Cleanest City For Fourth Time in a Row – Indore Earns ₹4 Crore Annually Through Proper Waste Management {{!}} Swachhta Survekshan|url=https://swachhindia.ndtv.com/indias-cleanest-city-for-fourth-time-in-a-row-indore-earns-%E2%82%B94-crore-annually-through-proper-waste-management-40878/|access-date=11 January 2020|work=NDTV|date=10 January 2020|archive-date=11 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111110825/https://swachhindia.ndtv.com/indias-cleanest-city-for-fourth-time-in-a-row-indore-earns-%e2%82%b94-crore-annually-through-proper-waste-management-40878/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Swachh Suvekshan 2023: Indore gets the cleanest city tag for 7th time. Here is the list of 10 cleanest cities in India|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/swachh-suvekshan-2023-indore-gets-the-cleanest-city-tag-for-7th-time-here-is-the-list-of-10-cleanest-cities-in-india/articleshow/106721936.cms|work=The Economic Times|date=11 January 2024|access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref> Meanwhile, Indore has also been declared as India's first 'water plus' city under the Swachhta Survekshan 2021. Indore became the only Indian city to be selected for International Clean Air Catalyst Programme. The project, with cooperation of the [[Indore Municipal Corporation]] and the [[Madhya Pradesh]] Pollution Control Board, will be operated for a period of five years to purify the air in the city. Indore will penalise anyone giving alms to beggars starting 1 January 2025, expanding a previous ban on giving to child beggars. This initiative aims to eradicate begging, with officials claiming it disrupts the begging cycle.<ref>{{cite news|title=Giving alms to beggars in Indore to become a crime from January 1; FIRs to be filed by police|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/giving-alms-to-beggars-in-indore-to-become-a-crime-from-january-1-firs-to-be-filed-by-police/articleshow/116384743.cms|work=The Economic Times|date=17 December 2024|access-date=31 December 2024}}</ref>

==Etymology==
[[Gupta Empire|Gupta]] inscriptions name Indore as "Indrapura".<ref name="auto1">{{cite book|last1=Bhandarkar|first1=D. R.|title=Inscriptions of the Early Gupta Kings|date=1981|publisher=The Director General, Archaeological Survey of India|page=100|edition=3rd|doi=10.5281/zenodo.1210438|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1210438|access-date=26 September 2020|archive-date=7 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107135042/https://zenodo.org/record/1210438|url-status=live}}</ref> It is believed that the city is named after its Indreshwar Mahadev Temple, where [[Shiva]] is the presiding deity.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Surjan|first1=Lalit|last2=Verma|first2=Vinod|title=Reference Deśabandhu Madhya Pradesh|date=1996|publisher=Deshbandhu Publication Division|page=252|isbn=9788190073318|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nyRuAAAAMAAJ|access-date=17 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117192423/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nyRuAAAAMAAJ|archive-date=17 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=मिश्रा|first1=अभिलाष|date=16 February 2023|title=Indore News: 4 हजार साल पुराने इस शिव मंदिर पर पड़ा है इंदौर शहर का नाम, जानिए इतिहास|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/madhya-pradesh/indore-name-of-indore-city-based-4-thousand-year-old-temple-named-indreshwar-mahadev-mandir-know-history-5392705.html|work=News18 हिंदी|language=hi|access-date=5 January 2025}}</ref> It is believed that [[Indra]] himself did ''[[Tapas (Indian religions)|Tapasya]]'' (meditation) in this place and led sage Swami Indrapuri to establish the temple. Later, [[Tukoji Rao Holkar]] who belonged to the Holkar clan of the Marathas and was the feudatory of Indore, renovated the temple.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.patrika.com/indore-news/indore-city-gained-popularity-after-his-name-1079192/|title=Indore city gained popularity after his name|date=5 August 2015|publisher=Patrika News ([[Rajasthan Patrika]])|access-date=20 July 2019|archive-date=20 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720071130/https://www.patrika.com/indore-news/indore-city-gained-popularity-after-his-name-1079192/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==History==
===Gupta Empire (Gupta Era)===
[[Gupta Empire]] inscription mentions Indore as city/town of Indrapura in Gupta Indore Copper plate inscription dated 146 Gupta era or 465 CE.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Maity|first=Sachindra Kumar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mCXUAAAAMAAJ&q=indrapura+indore+skandagupta|title=Economic Life in Northern India in the Gupta Period, Cir. A.D. 300–550|date=1970|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=9780896841994|language=en}}</ref> These are also some of the earliest mentions of Indore where the city is mentioned as 'Indrapura'.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Dandekar|first1=R. N.|title=Some Aspects of the Gupta Civilization: Economic Conditions|journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute|date=1960|volume=20|issue=1/4|pages=108–115|jstor=42929739|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42929739|access-date=26 September 2020|issn=0045-9801|archive-date=11 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211151744/https://www.jstor.org/stable/42929739|url-status=live}}</ref> Indrapura (modern day Indore) was then known for its sun temple, where in 464–65 CE, Gupta king [[Skandagupta]] had made an endowment for the permanent maintenance of the city's sun temple. The temple was constructed by two merchants of the city – Achalavarman and Bhṛikuṇṭhasiṁha.<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Fleet|first1=John Faithfull|title=Corpus inscriptionum indicarum vol.III|date=1888|publisher=Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta|page=71|url=https://www.indianculture.gov.in/rarebooks/corpus-inscriptionum-indicarum-voliii|language=en}}</ref>

[[File:466 CE Indore Copper Plate Inscription, Hinduism, Skandagupta, Sanskrit.jpg|thumb|An early Gupta era inscription from ancient India. This is a photograph of a personal copy of plates published by John Fleet in 1888, with Inscriptions of the Early Gupta Kings And Their Successors, as a part of the Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum series, Vol. 3]]

=== Holkar Era (Maratha Empire)===
{{main|Holkar}}

During the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal era]], the area under the modern Indore district was equally divided between the administrations (''[[sarkar (administrative division)|sarkar]]''s) of [[Ujjain]] and [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]]. Kampel was the headquarters of a ''mahal'' (administrative unit) under the Ujjain ''sarkar'' of [[Malwa Subah]] (province). The area of the modern Indore city was included in the [[Kampel, Indore|Kampel]] [[pargana]] (administrative unit).<ref name="gazetteer_1971">{{cite book|title=Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers: Indore|editor=P. N. Shrivastav|year=1971|edition=1st|publisher=Government Central Press|pages=2, 55–59}}</ref>

In 1715, the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] invaded this region (Mughal territory) and demanded [[chauth]] (tax) from the Mughal ''Amil'' (administrator) of Kampel. The Amil fled to [[Ujjain]], and the local [[zamindar]]s agreed to pay Chauth to the Marathas. The chief zamindar, [[Rao Nandlal Chaudhary|Nandlal Chaudhary]] (later known as Nandlal Mandloi), paid a chauth of around Rs. 25,000 to the Marathas. [[Jai Singh II]], the Mughal Governor of Malwa, reached Kampel on 8 May 1715, and defeated the Marathas in a battle near the village. The Marathas came back in early 1716, and raided Kampel in 1717. In March 1718, the Marathas, led by [[Bhonsle (clan)|Santaji Bhonsale]], invaded Malwa again, but were unsuccessful this time.

By 1720, the headquarters of the local pargana were transferred from Kampel to Indore, due to the increasing commercial activity in the city. In 1724, the Marathas under the new [[Peshwa]] [[Baji Rao I]], launched a fresh attack on the Mughals in Malwa. Baji Rao I himself led the campaign, accompanied by his lieutenants [[Dhar State|Udaji Rao Pawar]], [[Malhar Rao Holkar]] and [[Ranoji Scindia]]. The Mughal [[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I|Nizam]] met the [[Peshwa]] at [[Nalchha]] on 18 May 1724, and acceded to his demand of collecting chauth from the area. The Peshwa returned to the [[Deccan]], but left [[Malhar Rao Holkar]] at Indore to oversee the chauth collection.

The Marathas maintained friendly relations with Nandlal Chaudhary, who held influence over the local [[Sardar]]s (chiefs). In 1728, they defeated the Mughals decisively in the battle of [[Battles involving the Maratha Empire|Amjhera]], and consolidated their authority in the area over the next few years. On 3 October 1730, [[Malhar Rao Holkar]] was appointed as the Maratha chief of [[Malwa]]. The local zamindars, who had the title of [[Chowdhury|Chaudhari]], came to be known as ''Mandloi''s (after [[tehsil|mandal]], an administrative unit) during the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha reign]]. The [[House of Holkar|Holkar]] dynasty of the Marathas, which controlled the region, conferred the title of ''Rao'' upon the local zamindar family.<ref>Major General Sir John Malcolm, ''Central India, Part I'', pp. 68–70</ref>
After Nandlal died, his son Tejkarana was accepted as the ''Mandloi'' of Kampel by the [[Peshwa]] [[Baji Rao I]]. The pargana was formally granted to [[Malhar Rao Holkar]] by merging 28 and one-half Pargana by the Peshwa in 1733. The pargana headquarters were transferred back to Kampel during his reign. After his death, his daughter-in-law [[Ahilyabai Holkar]] moved the headquarters to Indore in 1766. The [[tehsil]] of Kampel was converted into Indore tehsil by a change in the name.<ref name="gazetteer_1971"/>
Ahilyabai Holkar moved the state's capital to [[Maheshwar]] in 1767, but Indore remained an important commercial and military centre.

===Princely State (Indore/Holkar State)===
{{main|Indore State}} {{See also|Dewas Junior|Dewas Senior|Dhar State|Gwalior State}}
[[File:Ahilyabai Holkar 1996 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|[[Ahilyabai Holkar]] 1996 stamp of [[India]]]]
[[Ahilyabai Holkar|Ahalyabai]] Holkar is fondly remembered as a noble, saintly and courageous woman. She ruled the kingdom of Indore (which was then part of the wider [[Maratha Empire]]) for several decades. Her rule is remembered as a golden age in Indore's history. From an agricultural background herself, she married Khande Rao, prince of Indore. Thereafter, she resided in the Royal Palace. Later, she was trained in statecraft and accompanied the army to war on many occasions. At that time the [[Maratha Empire]] (which was founded by [[Shivaji|Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhonsale]]) was at the apex of its power. There were frequent battles and skirmishes, both against foreigners as well as internal feuds. In one such battle in 1754, [[Ahilyabai Holkar|Ahalyabai's]] husband was killed. Her aged father-in-law ([[Malhar Rao Holkar|Malhar Rao]]) was shattered at the death of his son. He summoned Ahalyabai, who he loved deeply, and said: "You are now my son. I wish that you look after my kingdom".[[Malhar Rao Holkar]] died in 1766, 12 years after the death of his son Khande Rao. Malhar Rao's grandson and Khande Rao's only son [[Male Rao Holkar]] became the ruler of Indore in 1766, under Ahilya Bai's regency, but he too died within few months in April 1767. Ahilya Bai became the ruler of Indore after the death of her son with Khande Rao. [[Ahilyabai Holkar|Ahilya Bai]] was a great pioneer and builder of Hindu temples who constructed hundreds of temples and [[Dharamshala (type of building)|Dharmashalas]] throughout India. She is specially renowned for refurbishing and reconsecrating some of the most sacred sites of Hindu pilgrimage that had been desecrated and demolished in the previous century by the Mughal Emperor [[Aurangzeb]] including:

* [[Kashi Vishwanath Temple]] 
* [[Ayodhya]] – Construction of Shri Rama Temple, [[Sarayu River (Ayodhya)|Sarayu]] Ghat
* [[Badrinath Temple|Badrinath]] – Construction of Shri Kedareshwar Temple and Hari Temple, Dharamshalas (at Rangdachati, Bidarchati, Vyasaganga, [[Tungnath|Tunganath]], Pawali), construction of many kundas (at Gaurkund, Kundachatri), a garden and a kunda of warm water at [[Devprayag]], pastoral land for cows 
* [[Dwarka]] – Mohatajkhana, Pooja House and donation of some villages to the priests of the [[Dwarkadhish Temple]]
* [[Kedarnath Temple|Kedarnath]] – Dharmashala and Kund)
* [[Omkareshwar Temple|Omkareshwar]] – Renovation of the temples of Mamaleshwar Mahadev, Amaleshwar and Trambakeshwar Temples, completing the construction of Gauri-Somnath temple, construction of a Dharmashala & pond, donation of a silver mask for adoration of the [[Lingam|Shivalinga]] 
* [[Rameswaram]] – Construction of Hanumana Temple, Shri Radha Krishna Temple, a Dharmashala, Well & Garden and many more.

In 1818, the [[House of Holkar|Holkar]]s were defeated by the [[British Empire|British]] during the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]], in the [[Battle of Mahidpur]] by which the capital was again moved from Maheshwar to Indore. A residency with British residents was established at Indore, but Holkars continued to rule [[Indore State]] as a [[princely state]] mainly due to efforts of their [[Dewan]] Tatya Jog. During that time, Indore has established the headquarters of the British Central Agency. [[Ujjain]] was originally the commercial centre of Malwa. But the British administrators such as [[John Malcolm]] decided to promote Indore as an alternative to Ujjain because the merchants of Ujjain had supported anti-British elements.<ref name="AF_1998">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pAJDrdP6sikC&pg=PA63|title=Smuggling as Subversion: Colonialism, Indian Merchants, and the Politics of Opium, 1790–1843|first=Amar|last=Farooqui|publisher=Lexington|year=1998|pages=62–63|isbn=9780739108864|access-date=25 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518084214/https://books.google.com/books?id=pAJDrdP6sikC&pg=PA63|archive-date=18 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1906 electric supply was started in the city, the fire brigade was established in 1909, and 1918, the first master-plan of the city was made by noted architect and town planner, [[Patrick Geddes]].<ref name="Geddes">{{cite conference|last=Geddes|first=Patrick|title=Indore: Town Planning towards City Development, Parts I and II|conference=Durbar of Indore|publisher=Holkar State Press|place=Indore|date=1918}}</ref> During the period of [[Tukojirao Holkar II|Maharaja Tukoji Rao Holkar II]] (1852–86) efforts were made for the planned development and industrial development of Indore. With the introduction of Railways in 1875, the business in Indore flourished during the reigns of [[Shivajirao Holkar|Maharaja Shivaji Rao Holkar]], [[Tukojirao Holkar III|Maharaja Tukoji Rao Holkar III]] and [[Yeshwantrao Holkar II|Maharaja Yeshwant Rao Holkar]].

<gallery>
File:Raja Shrimat Sir Kashirao (Dada Saheb) Holkar (KCSI) (KIH).jpg|Kashirao (Dada Saheb) Holkar KCSI ([[Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]), the elder brother of Maharaja Tukojirao Holkar II, receiving public recognition by the Viceroy, Lord Canning, in open durbar on 14 January 1861
File:Tookajee Rao Holkar.jpg|[[Tukoji Rao Holkar II]], Indore, from a drawing by Mr. W. Carpenter, Jun.," from the ''Illustrated London News'', 1857
File:Shivajirao Holkar 1859 1908.jpg|[[Maharaja]] [[Shivajirao Holkar|Shivaji Rao Holkar]] of Indore
File:Tukojirao III Maharaja Holkar of Indore.jpg|[[Tukojirao Holkar III|Tukoji Rao Holkar III, The Maharaja of Indore (1890–1978)]] by [[James Eckford Lauder|James Lauder]], [[London]]
File:Investiture of his Highness Maharaja Yeshwant Rao Holkar Bahadur of Indore 9th May 1930.jpg|Investiture of [[Yashwant Rao Holkar II|His Highness The Maharaja Yeshwant Rao II Holkar Bahadur of Indore 9 May 1930]]
</gallery>

The Holkar State [[Durbar (court)|Darbar]] (Court) was composed of many [[Jagirdar]]s, [[Sardar]]s, Istamuradars, [[Mankari]]s and [[Zamindar]]s.<ref>{{cite book|title=Way of Life: King, Householder, Renouncer : Essays in Honour of Louis Dumont|author=Madan, T.N.|date=1988|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=9788120805279|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1_qMH9PY9fQC&pg=PA129|page=129|access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xdIBAAAAMAAJ&q=Mankari+being+primarily+a+title+applied+to+Maratha+noblemen%2C+who+held+an+official+position+at+court|title=Pt. II. Descriptive articles on the principal castes and tribes of the Central Provinces|last1=Russell|first1=Robert Vane|year=1916|access-date=10 October 2022|archive-date=30 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230130447/https://books.google.com/books?id=xdIBAAAAMAAJ&q=Mankari+being+primarily+a+title+applied+to+Maratha+noblemen%2C+who+held+an+official+position+at+court#v=snippet&q=Mankari%20being%20primarily%20a%20title%20applied%20to%20Maratha%20noblemen%2C%20who%20held%20an%20official%20position%20at%20court&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Post-independence ===

After India's independence in 1947, Holkar State, along with several neighbouring princely states, acceded to the Indian Union. On 1 November 1956, when [[Madhya Bharat]] was merged into [[Madhya Pradesh]], Indore became part of the newly formed state. Indore a city today of nearly 4.5 million (2018) residents, has been transformed from a traditional commercial urban centre into the modern dynamic commercial capital of the state.

== Climate ==
Indore lies on a borderline between a [[tropical savanna climate]] (''Aw'') and a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cwa''). Because of its high elevation the climate is much more moderate compared to the ''[[North Indian]]'' plains, even during the hottest months the nights are relatively cool, which is known as ''[[Shab-e-Malwa]]''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_0RpUoGiou4C|title=Omkareshwar and Maheshwar: Travel Guide|date=2011|publisher=Goodearth Publications|isbn=9789380262246|page=79|access-date=8 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008231849/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_0RpUoGiou4C|archive-date=8 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Three distinct seasons are observed: summer, monsoon and winter. The coldest temperature was {{convert|1.1|C|F}} on 27 December 1936.<ref>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/bhopal/indore-bhopal-temperatures-dip-to-lowest-in-decade/story-oXdzHY4eoevHBEbnGO3VIO.html Indore, Bhopal temperatures dip to lowest in decade] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312023843/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bhopal/indore-bhopal-temperatures-dip-to-lowest-in-decade/story-oXdzHY4eoevHBEbnGO3VIO.html|date=12 March 2016}} (recorded in 1936)</ref>

Indore gets moderate rainfall of {{convert|700|to|800|mm|in}} during June–September due to the [[Monsoon|southwest monsoon]].

{{Weather box
| location = Indore (1991–2020, extremes 1949–present)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 33.9
| Feb record high C = 37.9
| Mar record high C = 41.1
| Apr record high C = 44.6
| May record high C = 46.0
| Jun record high C = 45.8
| Jul record high C = 39.9
| Aug record high C = 35.8
| Sep record high C = 37.4
| Oct record high C = 37.8
| Nov record high C = 37.1
| Dec record high C = 33.0
| year record high C = 46.0
| Jan high C = 26.2
| Feb high C = 29.4
| Mar high C = 34.5
| Apr high C = 38.7
| May high C = 40.4
| Jun high C = 36.4
| Jul high C = 30.2
| Aug high C = 28.6
| Sep high C = 30.6
| Oct high C = 32.8
| Nov high C = 30.4
| Dec high C = 27.6
| year high C = 32.1
| Jan mean C = 18.3 
| Feb mean C = 21.1
| Mar mean C = 25.8
| Apr mean C = 30.0
| May mean C = 32.6
| Jun mean C = 30.3
| Jul mean C = 26.5
| Aug mean C = 25.3
| Sep mean C = 25.9
| Oct mean C = 25.6
| Nov mean C = 22.6
| Dec mean C = 19.4
| year mean C = 
| Jan low C = 10.3
| Feb low C = 12.6
| Mar low C = 16.9
| Apr low C = 21.3
| May low C = 24.6
| Jun low C = 24.4
| Jul low C = 22.8
| Aug low C = 22.0
| Sep low C = 21.1
| Oct low C = 18.2
| Nov low C = 14.7
| Dec low C = 11.4
| year low C = 18.4
| Jan record low C = -1.1
| Feb record low C = -2.8
| Mar record low C = 5.0
| Apr record low C = 7.8
| May record low C = 16.7
| Jun record low C = 18.9
| Jul record low C = 18.9
| Aug record low C = 18.6
| Sep record low C = 13.6
| Oct record low C = 6.2
| Nov record low C = 5.6
| Dec record low C = 1.1
| year record low C = 
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 7.0
| Feb rain mm = 2.4
| Mar rain mm = 2.7
| Apr rain mm = 3.5
| May rain mm = 13.4
| Jun rain mm = 147.3
| Jul rain mm = 310.1
| Aug rain mm = 258.1
| Sep rain mm = 167.2
| Oct rain mm = 28.7
| Nov rain mm = 11.0
| Dec rain mm = 3.7
| year rain mm = 955.1
| Jan rain days = 0.5
| Feb rain days = 0.4
| Mar rain days = 0.4
| Apr rain days = 0.3
| May rain days = 1.5
| Jun rain days = 6.7
| Jul rain days = 13.0
| Aug rain days = 12.0
| Sep rain days = 7.7
| Oct rain days = 2.4
| Nov rain days = 0.7
| Dec rain days = 0.2
| year rain days = 45.8
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 37
| Feb humidity = 27
| Mar humidity = 18
| Apr humidity = 15
| May humidity = 20
| Jun humidity = 46
| Jul humidity = 72
| Aug humidity = 78
| Sep humidity = 66
| Oct humidity = 40
| Nov humidity = 36
| Dec humidity = 38
| year humidity = 41
| Jan dew point C = 8
| Feb dew point C = 8
| Mar dew point C = 7
| Apr dew point C = 7
| May dew point C = 13
| Jun dew point C = 20
| Jul dew point C = 22
| Aug dew point C = 22
| Sep dew point C = 21
| Oct dew point C = 14
| Nov dew point C = 11
| Dec dew point C = 10
| Jan sun = 289.0
| Feb sun = 275.6
| Mar sun = 287.6
| Apr sun = 305.9
| May sun = 326.9
| Jun sun = 208.6
| Jul sun = 104.1
| Aug sun = 79.9
| Sep sun = 180.6
| Oct sun = 270.8
| Nov sun = 274.0
| Dec sun = 281.3
| year sun = 2884.3
| Jan uv = 5
| Feb uv = 7
| Mar uv = 8
| Apr uv = 9
| May uv = 9
| Jun uv = 7
| Jul uv = 6
| Aug uv = 6
| Sep uv = 7
| Oct uv = 6
| Nov uv = 6
| Dec uv = 5
| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf|archive-date=5 February 2020|url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf|title=Station: Indore (A) Climatological Table 1981–2010|work=Climatological Normals 1981–2010|publisher=India Meteorological Department|date=January 2015|pages=337–338|access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf|archive-date=5 February 2020|url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf|title=Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)|publisher=India Meteorological Department|date=December 2016|page=M120|access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDcityrainfall>{{cite web|url=https://cdsp.imdpune.gov.in/extremes_1991_2020/?stn=42867|title=Nagpur(42867)|publisher=India Meteorological Department|access-date=9 August 2022|archive-date=9 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809085837/https://cdsp.imdpune.gov.in/extremes_1991_2020/?stn=42867|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=IMDcityextremes2>
{{cite web|url=https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101061732/https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf|archive-date=1 January 2023|title=Climatological Tables 1991-2020|publisher=India Meteorological Department|access-date=1 January 2023|page=21}}</ref> Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005–2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india/indore/climate|title=Climate & Weather Averages in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India|publisher=Time and Date|access-date=25 July 2022|archive-date=25 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725112330/https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india/indore/climate|url-status=live}}</ref>
| source 2 = NOAA (sun 1971–1990)<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/IN/42754.TXT|title=Indore Climate Normals 1971–1990|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724110904/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/IN/42754.TXT|archive-date=2020-07-24|url-status=dead|access-date=17 April 2015}}</ref> Weather Atlas,<ref name="Weather Atlas">{{cite web|url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/india/indore-climate|title=Climate and monthly weather forecast Indore, India|publisher=Weather Atlas|access-date=14 June 2022|archive-date=14 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614132002/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/india/indore-climate|url-status=live}}</ref> Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=42754|title=Normals Data: Jaipur/Sanganer - India Latitude: 22.72°N Longitude: 75.80°E Height: 561 (m)|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|access-date=2 March 2020}}</ref> 
}}Indore has been ranked 6th best "National Clean Air City" (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 September 2024|title=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024|url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf|website=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{see also|List of cities in Madhya Pradesh}}

Indore is the most populous city in Madhya Pradesh. It is also the largest [[metropolis|metropolitan]] city in Central India. According to the 2011 census of India, the population of Indore city (the area under the municipal corporation and outgrowths) was 1,994,397.<ref name="CensusGov2011"/><ref name="census_city">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2322_PART_B_DCHB_INDORE.pdf|title=Census of India 2011|date=2011|website=censusindia.gov|publisher=Directory of Census Operations|access-date=13 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531083016/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2322_PART_B_DCHB_INDORE.pdf|archive-date=31 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The population of the Indore metropolis ([[urban agglomeration]] that includes neighbouring areas) was 2,170,295.<ref name="census_metro">{{Cite web |title=Indore Population in 2025 |url=https://censusofindia.net/madhya-pradesh/indore/439 |archive-url=https://censusofindia.net/madhya-pradesh/indore/439 |archive-date=14 March 2025 |access-date=14 March 2025 |work=censusofindia.net}}</ref> In 2011, the city had a population density of 25,170 people per square mile (9,718 per square km), rendering it the most densely populated of all the municipalities with population over 100,000 in [[Madhya Pradesh]]. As per the 2011 census, 1,502,775 were literates, which translates to 75.4% of the total population, with an effective literacy rate (of population 7 years and above) 85.5%, with male literacy of 89.8% and female literacy was 81.2%.<ref name="CensusGov2011">{{cite web|title=Census 2011 – Indore MC + OG|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=534065|website=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=20 February 2022}}</ref> The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] populations in 2011 were 309,229 and 54,075, respectively. The total number of households were 404711.<ref name="CensusGov2011"/>

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Indore City (2011)<ref name="Religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|80.18}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|14.09}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|pink|3.25}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|1.09}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.65}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|yellow|0.51}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.24}}
}}
Majority of the population are [[Hindus]] (80.18%), followed by significant populations of [[Muslims]] (14.09%) and [[Jains]] (3.25%).<ref name="Religion">{{cite web|title=C-1 Population By Religious Community|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW23C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=19 January 2021|archive-date=12 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112084605/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW23C-01%20MDDS.XLS|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Languages===
[[Hindi]] is the official language of Indore city, it is spoken by a majority of the population. A number of [[Hindi languages|Hindi dialects]] such as [[Malvi language|Malvi]], [[Nimadi language|Nimadi]] and [[Bundeli language|Bundeli]] are spoken in decent numbers.

Other languages with substantial number of speakers include [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Urdu]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]].<ref name="Culture">{{cite web|title=Culture and Heritage|url=http://www.indore.nic.in/culture_E.html|publisher=District Collector Indore|access-date=29 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221050318/http://www.indore.nic.in/culture_E.html|archive-date=21 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="Census2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16T/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2300.XLSX|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=30 March 2019|title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Town Level|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115011541/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16T/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2300.XLSX|archive-date=15 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/97/89/22/97892246183975483076336074699670584033/silesr2009_011.pdf|publisher=[[SIL International]]|title=The Malvi-speaking people of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan: a sociolinguistic profile|author1=Varghese, Bijumon|author2=Mathews John|author3=Nelson Samuel|access-date=30 March 2019|archive-date=7 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907142818/http://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/97/89/22/97892246183975483076336074699670584033/silesr2009_011.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mup|title=Malvi|editor1=David M. Eberhard|editor2=Gary F. Simons|editor3=Charles D. Fennig|date=2019|website=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|access-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330164606/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mup|archive-date=30 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to 2012 figures, around 6,000 [[Hinduism in Pakistan|Pakistani Hindu]] migrants live in the city (out of a total 10,000 in the state).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/1000-Pakistani-Hindus-migrate-to-Indore/articleshow/17598577.cms|title=1,000 Pakistani Hindus migrate to Indore|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 December 2012|access-date=14 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524222928/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-13/indore/35796154_1_pakistani-hindus-bjp-citizenship|archive-date=24 May 2013}}</ref>

== Government and politics ==
=== Civic administration ===
{{Main|Indore Municipal Corporation}}
Indore has a city government, or [[municipality]], with a mayor-council form of government. In 1870, the first municipality was constituted in Indore. Bakshi Khuman Singh (Commander In Chief) of Holkar State Army was appointed as chairman.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|date=2012|title=The economic impact and evaluation of e-government system regarding Indore municipal corporation 2002 to 2010|url=http://hdl.handle.net/10603/237582|access-date=22 October 2020|website=Shodhganga|hdl=10603/237582|archive-date=30 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230130614/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/237582|url-status=live|last1=Parikh|first1=Saurabh}}</ref> Indore municipality became the first city to have an elected municipal government responsible for the welfare and growth of the city.<ref name=":3" /> In the year 1956, during the reorganisation of states, Indore was included in [[Madhya Pradesh]], and later that same year, was declared a [[municipal corporation]].<ref name=":3" />

[[Indore Municipal Corporation]] (IMC) is spread over an area of 269 square km.<ref name="villages">{{Cite news|date=9 March 2015|title=Inclusion of 23 villages mounts pressure on Indore civic body|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/indore/inclusion-of-23-villages-mounts-pressure-on-indore-civic-body/story-oBYuV90QJU6WxKPnSocjWK.html|access-date=22 October 2020|work=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026032641/https://www.hindustantimes.com/indore/inclusion-of-23-villages-mounts-pressure-on-indore-civic-body/story-oBYuV90QJU6WxKPnSocjWK.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019|title=Solid waste management practices in Urban India (NIUA, MoHUA)|url=https://sbm.niua.org/sites/all/themes/bootstrap_sub_theme/word%20files/Report_for_Web.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022121518/https://sbm.niua.org/sites/all/themes/bootstrap_sub_theme/word%20files/Report_for_Web.pdf|archive-date=22 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020|website=National Institute of Urban Affairs}}</ref> The Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC) is a unicameral body consisting of 69 Council members whose districts are divided into 12 zones and these zones had been further divided into 69 [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|wards]] defined by geographic population boundaries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indore City Development Plan|url=http://www.mpurban.gov.in/Pdf/CDP/Indore%20CDP_%20Final.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208234301/http://www.mpurban.gov.in/Pdf/CDP/Indore%20CDP_%20Final.pdf|archive-date=8 December 2015|access-date=4 November 2017|website=MP Urban Development and Housing Department|publisher=Indore Municipal Corporation|pages=12–17}}</ref> In 2014, 29 villages were added into the fold of the municipality.<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 January 2014|title=Indore: Map modified to bring 29 villages into city limits|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-indore-map-modified-to-bring-29-villages-into-city-limits-1955766|access-date=23 October 2020|work=DNA India|language=en|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026133234/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-indore-map-modified-to-bring-29-villages-into-city-limits-1955766|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015, 23 more villages were added. After these inclusions, the number of wards went up to 85, and zones 19.<ref name="villages"/><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 October 2019|title=IMC Area Based Development Executive Summary|url=https://www.smartcityindore.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/IMC_ABD_RFP_-Executive-Summary-_31-10-2019.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023070327/https://www.smartcityindore.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/IMC_ABD_RFP_-Executive-Summary-_31-10-2019.pdf|archive-date=23 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020|website=Smart City Indore}}</ref>

The [[mayor]] and [[councillor]]s are elected to five-year terms. The municipal or local elections to Indore Municipal Corporation were last held in 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 January 2015|first=Bagish K.|last=Jha|title=Congress municipal corporation election in IMC defects to BJP|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/Congress-municipal-corporation-election-in-IMC-defects-to-BJP/articleshow/45825524.cms|access-date=23 October 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=10 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110171704/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/Congress-municipal-corporation-election-in-IMC-defects-to-BJP/articleshow/45825524.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sunderarajan|first=P.|date=4 February 2015|title=BJP wins all four municipal corporation seats in MP|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bjp-wins-all-four-municipal-corporation-seats-in-madhya-pradesh/article6857141.ece|access-date=23 October 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=24 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024155106/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bjp-wins-all-four-municipal-corporation-seats-in-madhya-pradesh/article6857141.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The next elections were to be held early in 2020, but as per a report from February 2020, these have not happened, although preparation of voter rolls and ward reservation happened later in July.<ref>{{Cite news|date=28 February 2020|first=Antriksh|last=Singh|title=Municipal polls: Court seeks reply from state, EC|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/municipal-polls-court-seeks-reply-from-state-ec/articleshow/74405619.cms|access-date=23 October 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=27 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227194832/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/municipal-polls-court-seeks-reply-from-state-ec/articleshow/74405619.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Indore Municipal Corporation elections: Names addition-deletion in voter list from today|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-municipal-corporation-elections-names-addition-deletion-in-voter-list-from-today|access-date=23 October 2020|website=Free Press Journal|language=en|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026215220/https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-municipal-corporation-elections-names-addition-deletion-in-voter-list-from-today|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Indore: Ward reservation for 85 wards of Indore Municipal Corporation conducted|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-ward-reservation-for-85-wards-of-indore-municipal-corporation-conducted|access-date=23 October 2020|website=Free Press Journal|language=en|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026112856/https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-ward-reservation-for-85-wards-of-indore-municipal-corporation-conducted|url-status=live}}</ref> The elected wing of the city government is headed by the Mayor and the incumbent Mayor is Pushya Mitra Bhargava. As per a report from the [[The Free Press Journal|Free Press Journal]], Indore was notified in 2018 for not having constituted ward committees.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indore: HC contempt notice to IMC chief for failing to form ward committee|website=Free Press Journal|language=en|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/indore-hc-contempt-notice-to-imc-chief-for-failing-to-form-ward-committee|access-date=23 October 2020|archive-date=25 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825043337/https://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/indore-hc-contempt-notice-to-imc-chief-for-failing-to-form-ward-committee|url-status=live}}</ref> The executive wing is headed by Pratibha Pal, the [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|municipal commissioner]] of Indore, who is also the first female commissioner of the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Commissioner – Indore municipal corporation|url=http://imcindore.mp.gov.in/?page_id=2405|access-date=23 October 2020|language=en-AU|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720063505/http://imcindore.mp.gov.in/?page_id=2405|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 8 May 2020, the budget for of {{INR}} 4,763 crore for 2020–21 was approved for the civic body.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indore Municipal Corporation Budget 2020–21: No new tax burden nor hike in existing ones, budget of Rs 4763 crore approved|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-municipal-corporation-budget-2020-21-no-new-tax-burden-nor-hike-in-existing-ones-budget-of-rs-4763-crore-approved|access-date=23 October 2020|website=Free Press Journal|language=en|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026221542/https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-municipal-corporation-budget-2020-21-no-new-tax-burden-nor-hike-in-existing-ones-budget-of-rs-4763-crore-approved|url-status=live}}</ref> Major sources of revenue for the municipality include collection of property tax, water tax, rent.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 January 2017|title=Indore civic body mops up over ₹214 crore revenue|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/indore/indore-civic-body-mops-up-over-214-crore-revenue/story-w4klnf4iEeka7ginhwPGeN.html|access-date=23 October 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027030219/https://www.hindustantimes.com/indore/indore-civic-body-mops-up-over-214-crore-revenue/story-w4klnf4iEeka7ginhwPGeN.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Indore Municipal Corporation draws Rs 100 cr tax recovery plan|url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indore-municipal-corporation-draws-rs-100-cr-tax-recovery-plan/74099981|access-date=23 October 2020|website=ETGovernment.com|language=en|archive-date=24 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024032356/https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indore-municipal-corporation-draws-rs-100-cr-tax-recovery-plan/74099981|url-status=live}}</ref>

Indore municipality follows the guidelines as per the [http://www.janaagraha.org/asics/report/Madhya-Pradesh-Municipal-Corporation-Act-1956.pdf Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporations Act 1956] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920174748/http://www.janaagraha.org/asics/report/Madhya-Pradesh-Municipal-Corporation-Act-1956.pdf |date=20 September 2018 }}, as well as the [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/3583/1/Municipal%20Corporation%20ACT%201961.pdf Madhya Pradesh Municipalities Act, 1961].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nagrika – How do Municipal Acts Vary?|url=http://www.nagrika.org/nagrikalarticles/municipalacts-vary|access-date=23 October 2020|website=Nagrika|date=4 June 2020|language=en-US|archive-date=3 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200903104107/http://www.nagrika.org/nagrikalarticles/municipalacts-vary|url-status=live}}</ref> The IMC is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, libraries, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, local planning, and welfare services.

=== Representation in Parliament and State Assembly ===
Indore city is represented in the parliament through the [[Indore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Indore Lok Sabha constituency]], which covers most of the district.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lok Sabha Elections 2019 Constituency List – Business Standard|url=https://www.business-standard.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/constituency-list|access-date=23 October 2020|work=Business Standard|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803100140/https://www.business-standard.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/constituency-list|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2019, [[Shankar Lalwani]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], who is also the chairman of the Indore Development Authority, had been elected as the [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] from Indore.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/indore-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2154435.html|title=Indore Election Results 2019 Live Updates: Shankar Lalvani of BJP wins|website=News18|date=23 May 2019|access-date=24 May 2019|archive-date=23 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523184717/https://www.news18.com/news/politics/indore-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2154435.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Indore Lok Sabha Election Results 2019: Indore Election Result 2019 {{!}} Indore Winning MP & Party {{!}} Indore Lok Sabha Seat|url=https://www.business-standard.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/madhya-pradesh/indore-election-results-9_1449.html|access-date=23 October 2020|website=Business Standard|archive-date=27 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227193318/https://www.business-standard.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/madhya-pradesh/indore-election-results-9_1449.html|url-status=live}}</ref> As per [https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf delimitation from 2008], Indore city is represented in the state assembly constituency through 5 Constituencies, election for which last took place in 2018:
{| class="wikitable"
! Constituency<ref>{{Cite web|title=DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008|url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf|access-date=23 October 2020|website=Upload.indiacode.nic.in|archive-date=18 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618112359/https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
! Member of Legislative Assembly
! Political Party
!
|-
|[[Indore-1 Assembly constituency|Indore 1]]
|[[Kailash Vijayvargiya]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Its Shivlinga Vs Tulsi plants in upcoming Madhya Pradesh assembly bypolls|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/jul/15/its-shivlinga-vs-tulsi-plants-in-upcoming-madhya-pradesh-assembly-bypolls-2170275.html|access-date=23 October 2020|website=The New Indian Express|date=15 July 2020|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026044458/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/jul/15/its-shivlinga-vs-tulsi-plants-in-upcoming-madhya-pradesh-assembly-bypolls-2170275.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Indore-2 Assembly constituency|Indore 2]]
|[[Ramesh Mendola]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ramesh Mendola(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- INDORE-2(INDORE) – Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=http://myneta.info/madhyapradesh2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=4150|access-date=23 October 2020|website=myneta.info|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027015101/http://myneta.info/madhyapradesh2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=4150|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Indore-3 Assembly constituency|Indore 3]]
|Rakesh Shukla
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Akash Kailash Vijaywargiya(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- INDORE-3(INDORE) – Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=http://myneta.info/madhyapradesh2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=4153|access-date=23 October 2020|website=myneta.info|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027000656/http://myneta.info/madhyapradesh2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=4153|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Indore-4 Assembly constituency|Indore 4]]
|[[Malini Gaur]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|date=18 February 2015|title=Malini Gaud to take oath as Indore mayor on February 19|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/indore/malini-gaud-to-take-oath-as-indore-mayor-on-february-19/story-wHfZTopsJpQ5m1pE0bnspJ.html|access-date=23 October 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026175620/https://www.hindustantimes.com/indore/malini-gaud-to-take-oath-as-indore-mayor-on-february-19/story-wHfZTopsJpQ5m1pE0bnspJ.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Indore-5 Assembly constituency|Indore 5]]
|[[Mahendra Hardia]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mahendra Hardia(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- INDORE – 5(INDORE) – Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/mp2013/candidate.php?candidate_id=725|access-date=23 October 2020|website=myneta.info|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026185818/https://myneta.info/mp2013/candidate.php?candidate_id=725|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

=== Law and order ===
The [[Indore Police]], a division of the [[Madhya Pradesh Police]], is under the direct control of Department of Home Affairs. The [[government of Madhya Pradesh]] is the law enforcement agency in Indore. Indore district is divided into 39 police stations and seven police outposts.<ref>{{cite web|title=MP Police : Indore|url=http://www.mppolice.gov.in/en/indore|access-date=4 November 2017|website=MP Police|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804021324/https://www.mppolice.gov.in/en/indore|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2012, it was reported that the Police Commissionerate system would be implemented in Indore, but this did not pan out because of tussle between the IAS and IPS officers in the state.<ref>{{Cite news|date=28 August 2012|first=Bagish K.|last=Jha|title=Police commissioner system would be implemented in Indore: MP home minister|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/Police-commissioner-system-would-be-implemented-in-Indore-MP-home-minister/articleshow/15895162.cms|access-date=23 October 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124021503/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/Police-commissioner-system-would-be-implemented-in-Indore-MP-home-minister/articleshow/15895162.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The bill was proposed again in 2018 and has been criticised by NewsClick.<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 April 2018|title=MP Government Proposes a Draconian Law, Boundless Power to the Police|url=https://www.newsclick.in/mp-government-proposes-draconian-law-boundless-power-police|access-date=23 October 2020|website=NewsClick|language=en|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026044654/https://www.newsclick.in/mp-government-proposes-draconian-law-boundless-power-police|url-status=live}}</ref> The system has not been implemented as of 2020, although there has been talk of it.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 February 2020|first=P.|last=Naveen|title=Madhya Pradesh CM hints at implementation of Police Commissionerate system|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/madhya-pradesh-cm-hints-at-implementation-of-police-commissionerate-system/articleshow/74208123.cms|access-date=23 October 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027204650/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/madhya-pradesh-cm-hints-at-implementation-of-police-commissionerate-system/articleshow/74208123.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

As of 4 September 2013, the Divisional commissioner is Dr Pawan Kumar Sharma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Department of Public Relations, Madhya Pradesh|url=https://www.mpinfo.org/mpinfostatic/english/orgofstat/departments/collector.asp|access-date=23 October 2020|website=mpinfo.org|archive-date=6 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906171402/http://mpinfo.org/MPinfoStatic/English/orgofstat/departments/collector.asp}}</ref> In Feb 2020, the new [[Director general of police|Director General of Police]] became Vivek Johri while SSP Indore is Harinarayan Chari Mishra.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Madhya Pradesh Government Transfers Director General of Police, Names New Police Chief|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/madhya-pradesh-government-transfers-director-general-of-police-vk-singh-names-vivek-johri-as-new-sta-2190699|last=PTI|access-date=23 October 2020|work=NDTV.com|date=6 March 2020|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027000346/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/madhya-pradesh-government-transfers-director-general-of-police-vk-singh-names-vivek-johri-as-new-sta-2190699|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=contact officers – Indore Police|url=https://www.indorepolice.org/contact-officers.php|access-date=23 October 2020|website=indorepolice.org|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004090105/https://www.indorepolice.org/contact-officers.php}}</ref>

=== Judiciary ===
Indore is also a seat for one of the two permanent benches of [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]] with [[Gwalior]], the city, its agglomerates, and other 12 districts of western Madhya Pradesh falls under the jurisdiction of [[Indore High Court]].

=== Other agencies ===
{{Main|Indore Development Authority}}
Most of the regions surrounding the city are administered by the [[Indore Development Authority]] (IDA). IDA works as an apex body for planning and co-ordination of development activities in the Indore Metropolitan Region (IMR) comprising Indore and its agglomeration covering an area of {{cvt|398.72|km2}}. Primarily, IDA develops new residential areas. During the early stage of development of such areas, the IDA is responsible for developing basic infrastructure. Once a sizeable number of plots are sold, the area is formally transferred to the IMC, which is then responsible for the maintenance of the infrastructure in the area.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indore City Development Plan|url=http://www.mpurban.gov.in/Pdf/CDP/Indore%20CDP_%20Final.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208234301/http://www.mpurban.gov.in/Pdf/CDP/Indore%20CDP_%20Final.pdf|archive-date=8 December 2015|access-date=4 November 2017|website=MP Urban Development and Housing Department|publisher=Indore Municipal Corporation|pages=18}}</ref>

The IDA consists of two appointed components; the [[District collector|collector]] of the [[Indore district|district]], who has executive powers, and the IDA Board which includes a chairman appointed by [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]], [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]] of Indore and five members form Town and Country Planning Department, Forest Department, Public Health Engineering, Public Works Department and MP Electricity Board<ref>{{cite web|title=IDA Board|url=http://www.idaindore.org/idaboard.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107025639/http://www.idaindore.org/idaboard.aspx|archive-date=7 November 2017|access-date=4 November 2017|website=IDA}}</ref> who scrutinise the collector's decisions and can accept or reject his budget proposals each year. The role of IDA is to implement the master plan for Indore prepared by the Town and Country Office, Bhopal.<ref>{{cite web|title=About IDA|url=http://www.idaindore.org/about_ida.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107005146/http://www.idaindore.org/about_ida.aspx|archive-date=7 November 2017|access-date=4 November 2017|website=IDA}}</ref> The headquarters of the IDA is at Race Course Road, Indore.<ref>{{cite web|title=IDA Contact Page|url=http://www.idaindore.org/contact_us.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107030212/http://www.idaindore.org/contact_us.aspx|archive-date=7 November 2017|access-date=4 November 2017|website=IDA}}</ref>

== Civic utilities ==
Electricity in Indore is supplied by the Madhya Pradesh Paschim Kshetra Vidyut Vitaran Company Limited, the state's agency.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 May 2020|title=Inflated electricity bills add to the woes of residents – Indore News|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/inflated-electricity-bills-add-to-the-woes-of-residents/articleshow/75746905.cms|access-date=23 October 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027083849/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/inflated-electricity-bills-add-to-the-woes-of-residents/articleshow/75746905.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Electricity – District Indore,{{sic|Gover|ment|nolink=y}} of Madhya Pradesh, India|url=https://indore.nic.in/en/public-utility-category/electricity/|access-date=23 October 2020|language=en-US|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028035001/https://indore.nic.in/en/public-utility-category/electricity/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Major source of water in Indore are [[Narmada River]] and [[Water tank|overhead tanks]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=1 October 2016|title=Water supply network in Indore in for overhaul with Centre's funds|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/indore/water-supply-network-in-indore-in-for-overhaul-with-centre-s-funds/story-cDQRR8nshhJHzmDLI6lJ7I.html|access-date=23 October 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=23 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023125018/https://www.hindustantimes.com/indore/water-supply-network-in-indore-in-for-overhaul-with-centre-s-funds/story-cDQRR8nshhJHzmDLI6lJ7I.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016, the central government sanctioned 70 crores under the [[Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation|AMRUT]] scheme to overhaul the water facilities.<ref name=":4" /> Indore used to receive 350 MLD of water from Jalud pumping station on Narmada river; while in 2019 the quantity reduced by 100 MLD, as of 2020 it has regained its capacity.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indore: Water supply to be hit in many colonies on Monday|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-water-supply-to-be-hit-in-many-colonies-on-monday|access-date=23 October 2020|website=Free Press Journal|language=en|archive-date=23 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023125014/https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-water-supply-to-be-hit-in-many-colonies-on-monday|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 October 2019|title=Indore: Normal water supply from today|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-normal-water-supply-from-today.|website=Free Press Journal|access-date=23 October 2020|archive-date=27 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227195959/https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-normal-water-supply-from-today.|url-status=live}}</ref> The municipality supplies around 450 MLD water through piped connections to parts of the town on alternate days, other parts of the city have shortage of water.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 April 2020|title=No supply, demand for water tankers up in Indore – Indore News|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/no-supply-demand-for-water-tankers-up/articleshow/75189804.cms|access-date=23 October 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519184236/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/no-supply-demand-for-water-tankers-up/articleshow/75189804.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The urban poor and unauthorised slum area face a massive shortage of water, and need to purchases private water in drums, or need to have to access private tubewells.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Agarwal|first=Kabir|date=21 March 2020|title=In 'Smart City' Indore, Some Are More Equal Than Others When It Comes to Accessing Water|url=https://science.thewire.in/environment/smart-city-indore-water-access/|access-date=23 October 2020|website=The Wire Science|language=en-GB|archive-date=11 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811062821/https://science.thewire.in/environment/smart-city-indore-water-access/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=In Indore, Farmers and Their Tube-Wells to the Rescue of Water-Starved City Slums|url=https://thewire.in/rights/indore-farmers-slums-water|access-date=23 October 2020|website=The Wire|archive-date=11 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511110258/https://thewire.in/rights/indore-farmers-slums-water|url-status=live}}</ref> A joint study done by [[United Nations Human Settlements Programme|UN Habitat]], IMC and [[WaterAid]] mapping poverty surveyed 176545 households (approximately 1/3rd of the households in the city), and found that 72% of the households did not have access to piped water supply.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 October 2020|title=A Situation Analysis of Poverty Pockets in Indore A Situation Analysis of Poverty Pockets in Indore|url=https://mirror.unhabitat.org/pmss/getElectronicVersion.asp%3Fnr%3D2392%26alt%3D1|access-date=23 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023125353/https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3AN8WF3aN5htkJ%3Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fmirror.unhabitat.org%2Fpmss%2FgetElectronicVersion.asp%253Fnr%253D2392%2526alt%253D1+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=in|archive-date=23 October 2020}}</ref>

As of 2012, Indore generated nearly 240 MLD of sewage.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jha|first=Bagish K.|date=9 July 2012|title=Indore, Bhopal pollutes its water resources, heavily dependent on Narmada|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/pollution/Indore-Bhopal-pollutes-its-water-resources-heavily-dependent-on-Narmada/articleshow/14772006.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=23 October 2020|archive-date=23 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023125940/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/pollution/Indore-Bhopal-pollutes-its-water-resources-heavily-dependent-on-Narmada/articleshow/14772006.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> As per a report from August 2018, Indore achieved 100% treatment of the faecal matter generated in the city.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=2019|title=Solid Waste Management Practices in Urban India: A Compendium|url=https://sbm.niua.org/sites/all/themes/bootstrap_sub_theme/word%20files/Report_for_Web.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022121518/https://sbm.niua.org/sites/all/themes/bootstrap_sub_theme/word%20files/Report_for_Web.pdf|archive-date=22 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020|website=National Institute of Urban Affairs, Delhi}}</ref> The city has 3 [[Sewage treatment|sewage treatment plants]] (STPs), which includes a [[Sequencing batch reactor|Sequencing Batch Reactors]] with a capacity of 245 MLD, the largest in the world, as well as a 78 MLD and 12 MLD [[Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket digestion|Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor]] at Kabitkhedi and a third with a capacity of 122 MLD.<ref name=":5" />

As of 2019, Indore generates over 1,115 [[Tonne|metric tons]] (MT) of garbage a day, of which 650 MT is [[Waste sorting|wet waste]] and 465 MT is [[Waste sorting|dry waste]].<ref name=":5" /> The municipality has 100% door to door collection and segregation.<ref name=":5" /> The city has a Centralized Processing Unit situated at Devguradia, Nemawar Road over an area of 146 [[acre]]s. Waste collected at the garbage transfer stations in city is weighed, compressed and moved to this site for final processing.<ref name=":5" /> Indore also set up a Plastic Collection Centre (PCC) to reuse and recycle the city's [[Plastic pollution|plastic waste]] and also installed a plastic cleansing machine known as a 'Phatka Machine'.<ref name=":5" />

== Economy ==
{{Main|Economy of Indore}}Indore is a commercial centre for goods and services. As per the official records released by the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (Madhya Pradesh), the GDP (nominal) of [[Indore district|Indore District]] is estimated at Rs. 64,813 crores for the year 2020–21.<ref name="auto3"/> While its per-capita nominal GDP was recorded at INR 1,51,101 in 2020–21. The city also hosts a biennial global investors' summit, which attracts investors from several countries. Major industrial areas surrounding the city include: [[Pithampur]] (phases I, II and III alone host 1,500 large, medium and small industrial set-ups<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mpakvnindore.com/list_of_units.php|title=Mpakvn Indore|publisher=Mpakvn Indore|access-date=4 April 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140124065459/http://www.mpakvnindore.com/list_of_units.php|archive-date=24 January 2014}}</ref>), Indore Special Economic Zone (around 3,000 acres/ 4.7 square miles/ 1,214 hectares<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mpakvnindore.com/our_major_projects/sez_indore.pdf|title=Archived copy|website=mpakvnindore.com|access-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204020416/http://www.mpakvnindore.com/our_major_projects/sez_indore.pdf|archive-date=4 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>), Industrial Area at [[Dewas]] I, II & III (around 745 acres/ 1.15 square miles/ 300 hectares) is in the close proximity to Indore (around 35&nbsp;km), on NH-3 section between Agra- Bombay Road. Sanwer industrial belt (1,000 acres/ 1.6 square miles/ 405 hectares<ref name="mpindustry.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.mpindustry.org/LandDetails.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821075424/http://www.mpindustry.org/LandDetails.pdf|archive-date=21 August 2010|title=mpindustry.org|access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>), Laxmibainagar Industrial Area, Rau Industrial Area, Bhagirathpura Industrial Area, Kali Billod Industrial Area, Ranmal Billod Industrial Area, Shivajinagar Bhindikho Industrial Area, Hatod Industrial Area.<ref name="mpindustry.org" />

The city also has IT Parks, Crystal IT Park (550,000 square feet), Pardeshipura IT Park (100,000 square feet<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-07/indore/39089775_1_indore-development-authority-super-corridor-sez-notification|title=Work on Indore IT park in full flow|date=7 May 2013|access-date=4 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202155758/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-07/indore/39089775_1_indore-development-authority-super-corridor-sez-notification|archive-date=2 February 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>), Electronic Complex, and Individual Special Economic Zones (SEZs) such as TCS SEZ, Infosys SEZ, Impetus SEZ, Diamond Park, Gems and Jewelry Park, Food Park, Apparel Park, Namkeen Cluster and Pharma Cluster.[[File:Manufacturing of Corrugated Paper.jpg|thumb|left|Manufacturing of [[corrugated paper]]]] [[Pithampur]] near Indore is known as the [[Detroit]] of Madhya Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fe/daily/19980104/00455324.html|title=Pithampur small enterprises tell a tale of untapped potential|last=Tiwary|first=Santosh|date=1 April 1998|work=The Indian Express|location=India|access-date=1 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121062439/http://www.expressindia.com/news/fe/daily/19980104/00455324.html|archive-date=21 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=153051|title=Pithampur units face bleak future|last=Trivedi|first=Shashikant|date=9 July 2004|work=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=1 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006134722/http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=153051|archive-date=6 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange]] (MPSE) was set up in 1919. It is the only stock exchange in Central India and the third oldest stock exchange in India. It is located in Indore. The [[National Stock Exchange of India|National Stock Exchange]] (NSE) has established an Investor Service Centre in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-28/news/34148494_1_nse-indore-investor-service-centers|title=NSE to start investor service centers at Kanpur, Indore|publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com/|access-date=28 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524222133/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-28/news/34148494_1_nse-indore-investor-service-centers|archive-date=24 May 2013}}</ref>

[[Tata Consultancy Services|TCS]] has officially started an offshore development centre in Indore with a total campus area of around 1.5&nbsp;million square feet.<ref>{{cite web|title=TCS to set up large software development campus in Indore|url=https://www.tcs.com/tcs-software-development-campus-indore|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012141946/https://www.tcs.com/tcs-software-development-campus-indore|archive-date=12 October 2019}}</ref> [[Collabera]] has also announced plans to open campuses in Indore. [[Infosys]] is setting up a new development centre at Indore at an investment of {{INR}}1&nbsp;billion in Phase I at Super Corridor.<ref>{{cite web|title=Infosys to set up Rs 100 crore development centre in Indore|url=http://www.mydigitalfc.com/it/infosys-set-rs-100-crore-development-centre-indore-362|publisher=mydigitalfc.com|access-date=14 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404172430/http://www.mydigitalfc.com/it/infosys-set-rs-100-crore-development-centre-indore-362|archive-date=4 April 2012}}</ref> Infosys demanded an area of 130 acres (53 hectares) to open its new facility in Indore which will employ about 13,000 people. The government of MP has done the land allotment.<ref>{{cite web|title=TCS Indore campus|work=dailybhaskar|date=6 July 2011|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/MP-IND-tcs-indore-campus-gathers-momentum-three-quarters-land-acquired-2238693.html|publisher=Dainik Bhaskar|access-date=11 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709151137/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/MP-IND-tcs-indore-campus-gathers-momentum-three-quarters-land-acquired-2238693.html|archive-date=9 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Impetus, headquartered in [[Los Gatos, California|Los Gatos, California, USA]], with multiple offshore offices in Indore, has started operations at its 25-acre land, procured from the SEZ.<ref>{{cite web|title=Impetus' 25-acre SEZ in Indore to be operational by 2017|work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/indore/impetus-25-acre-sez-in-indore-to-be-operational-by-2017/story-OUelxw1B49ce62l9XApMSL.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012144005/https://www.hindustantimes.com/indore/impetus-25-acre-sez-in-indore-to-be-operational-by-2017/story-OUelxw1B49ce62l9XApMSL.html|archive-date=12 October 2019|date=25 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Impetus to set up 25 acre campus in Indore|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/ites/impetus-technologies-eyes-big-data-projects-to-set-up-25-acre-campus-in-indore-sez/articleshow/46919189.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012143957/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/ites/impetus-technologies-eyes-big-data-projects-to-set-up-25-acre-campus-in-indore-sez/articleshow/46919189.cms|archive-date=12 October 2019|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=14 April 2015|last1=Aggarwal|first1=Varun}}</ref> Besides these, there are several small and medium-sized software development firms in Indore. Webgility, a San Francisco-based ecommerce company that has had a presence in Indore since 2007, opened a 16,000 square-foot campus at NRK Business Park in 2017.<ref>{{Cite press release|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/webgility-expands-india-presence-opens-new-indore-campus-300544923.html|title=Webgility Expands India Presence, Opens New Indore Campus|last=Webgility|agency=PR Newswire|language=en|access-date=6 April 2020|archive-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406105629/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/webgility-expands-india-presence-opens-new-indore-campus-300544923.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Accenture has also opened the office in Vijay Nagar area. Nagarro and Persistent Systems also had the presence in Indore.

[[Pinnacle Industries]] has an EV manufacturing unit at Indore.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pinnacle to invest Rs 2k cr to build EV manufacturing units in Pune, Indore|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/pinnacle-to-invest-rs-2k-cr-to-build-ev-manufacturing-units-in-pune-indore-122030301152_1.html|work=Business Standard|agency=PTI|date=3 March 2022|access-date=28 August 2024}}</ref>

==Culture==
===Food===
Indore's culinary culture has a blend of Maharashtrian, Malwi, Rajasthani and Gujarati influence. The street food of the city is especially popular. Two of the most noteworthy street food places in Indore are [[Chappan Dukan]] and [[Sarafa Bazaar]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/lifestyle/food/indore-the-city-that-loves-to-eat|title=Indore: The City That Loves To Eat|date=6 October 2017|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930145904/https://www.thequint.com/lifestyle/food/indore-the-city-that-loves-to-eat|url-status=live}}</ref>

As part of the Smart City project, the Chappan Dukan area has been developed as a smart food street. The cost of this project is {{INR}} 40 million and has been implemented in a 45-day period.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/indores-chhappan-dukaan-to-be-developed-as-smart-food-street/articleshow/73089885.cms|title=Indore's 'Chhappan Dukaan' to be developed as smart food street|date=3 January 2020|first=Ashok|last=Kumar|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=29 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829152235/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/indores-chhappan-dukaan-to-be-developed-as-smart-food-street/articleshow/73089885.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sarafa Bazaar, which is India's only night street-food market, attracts large crowds from the city and tourists from various places.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/visit-indores-sarafa-indias-only-night-street-food-market/articleshow/46677266.cms|title=Visit Indore's Sarafa, India's only night street food market|date=8 November 2017|first=Priya|last=Gupta|website=BombayTimes|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=30 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230130629/https://recipes.timesofindia.com/us/articles/features/served-hot-virat-barbeque-tangdi-this-world-cup/articleshowajax/46677136.cms?geolocation=2|url-status=live}}</ref>

Indore is also notable for its wide variety of ''namkeen''s or savoury items and has many popular ''namkeen'' stores across the city. Most popular food items of Indore include poha, kachori, samosa, jalebi, gulab jamun, rabdi, gajak, imarti, bhel, pani puri, hot dog, egg banjo, moong bhajiya, moong daal halwa, dahi wada, [[Sabudana khichri|sabudana khichdi]], sabudana wada, ''[[dhokla]]'', jeeravan, and sev.<ref name=":1" />

The city is debatably the most vegetarian city in India; nearly 49% of population is vegetarian at some level.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 February 2022|title=Where are most vegetarians in India?|url=https://vegantearoom.com/cooking-tips/where-are-most-vegetarians-in-india.html|access-date=28 May 2022|website=Mechanism of Vegetarianism|language=en-US|archive-date=28 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528160150/https://vegantearoom.com/cooking-tips/where-are-most-vegetarians-in-india.html}}</ref>

=== Entertainment ===
[[File:Nicotine Metal Band Indore.jpg|thumb|[[Nicotine (Metal Band)|Nicotine]] playing at 'Pedal to the Metal', TDS, Indore, in 2014]]
The [[Yeshwant Club]] (named after [[Yeshwantrao Holkar II|Late the Maharaja Yeshwant Rao II Holkar of Indore]]) and Sayaji Club/Hotel (named after [[Sayajirao Gaekwad III|Late the Maharaja Sayaji Rao III Gaekwad of Baroda]]) are big sponsors for art & music and invite talents from across the world.
The major art centres in Indore are the Devlalikar Kala Vithika, Ravindra Natya Grah (RNG), Mai Mangeshkar Sabha Grah, Anand Mohan Mathur Sabhagrah, DAVV auditorium, and Brilliant Convention Centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bccindore.com|title=Brilliant Convention Centre, Indore|access-date=19 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709170638/http://www.bccindore.com/|archive-date=9 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

The city has a good [[Rock Music|rock]]/[[Metal Music|metal]] music culture which is growing. [[Nicotine (Metal Band)|Nicotine]], one of the city's earliest and most renowned bands, is widely known for being the pioneer of metal music in Central India.<ref name="dnasyndication.com">{{cite web|url=http://dnasyndication.com/dna/article/DNIND3926|title=Does Indore have the mettle for metal?|publisher=Dnasyndication.com|access-date=25 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506213402/http://dnasyndication.com/dna/article/DNIND3926|archive-date=6 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="educationinsider.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.educationinsider.net/detail_news.php?id=731|title=How We Started – Education Insider|website=educationinsider.net|access-date=17 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315111040/http://www.educationinsider.net/detail_news.php?id=731|archive-date=15 March 2015}}</ref>

=== Festivals ===
Rang Panchami is one of the most vibrant festivals celebrated in Indore, marked by a grand procession known as the "Ger".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indore.nic.in/festival/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80/|title=रंगपंचमी &#124; जिला इंदौर, मध्य प्रदेश शासन &#124; भारत}}</ref> Unlike the Holi festival celebrated across India, Rang Panchami in Indore has a distinct cultural identity. Thousands gather in the old city area as traditional music, dancing, and colour-throwing fill the streets. Organised by local groups and supported by the municipal corporation, the event includes decorated trucks, DJs, and water cannons spraying coloured water. The celebration showcases Indore’s unique blend of tradition and modernity.

==Transport==

===Air===
[[File:Indore Airport Terminal 16 5 2018.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport]]]]
Indore is served by [[Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport]], about {{cvt|8|km}} from the city. It is the busiest airport in the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]] with 2,828,971 passengers and 10,851 tonnes of cargo for April 2022–March 2023. Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport, Indore has been adjudged as the best airport in the under-2-million-annual-passenger-footfall category in the Asia-Pacific region in the Airports Council International (ACI)'s airport service quality (ASQ) rankings for the year 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/indore-city-airport-best-in-service-quality-in-asia-pacific-region|title=Indore: City airport best in service quality in Asia Pacific region|website=Free Press Journal|language=en|access-date=12 March 2020|archive-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708125731/https://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/indore-city-airport-best-in-service-quality-in-asia-pacific-region|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Rail===
[[File:Indore Junction entrance (2).jpg|thumb|right| The [[Indore Junction railway station|Indore Junction]] eastern entrance]]
[[File:Indore Junction entrance.jpg|thumb|right| The [[Indore Junction railway station|Indore Junction]] western entrance]]
The [[Indore Junction railway station|Indore Junction]] is an A-1 grade railway station with a revenue of more than Rs. 500&nbsp;million. The station comes under [[Ratlam Junction|Ratlam Division]] of the [[Western Railways]]. It is situated between Ujjain and Dewas Junctions on the Indore-Gwalior Broad Gauge Railway Line.

Electrification of the Indore–[[Dewas]]–[[Ujjain]] was completed in June 2012. [[Ratlam]]–Indore broad gauge conversion was completed in September 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/ratlam-indore-new-bg-to-open-today/|title=Indore Ratlam Broad Gauge|work=Free Press Journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627062412/http://www.freepressjournal.in/ratlam-indore-new-bg-to-open-today/|archive-date=27 June 2015}}</ref> Indore–[[Mhow]] section was upgraded to broad gauge in 2016 and electrified in 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-mhow-rail-electrification-completed/1035943|title=Indore-Mhow rail electrification completed|date=17 March 2017|work=Hindustan Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123072203/http://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-mhow-rail-electrification-completed/1035943|archive-date=23 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

The city of Indore has eight railway stations in addition to the main Indore Junction:
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#fff;"
! style="background:#ffd750;"| Station name
! style="background:#ffd750;"| Station code
! style="background:#ffd750;"| Railway zone
! style="background:#ffd750;"| Total platforms
|-
|[[Laxmibai Nagar Junction railway station|Lakshmibai Nagar]]
| style="text-align:center;"| LMNR
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Western Railway Zone (India)|Western Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 3
|-
| [[Saifi Nagar railway station|Saify Nagar]]
| style="text-align:center;"| SFNR
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Western Railway Zone (India)|Western Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 1
|-
| [[Lokmanya Nagar railway station|Lokmanya Nagar]]
| style="text-align:center;"| LMNR
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Western Railway Zone (India)|Western Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 1
|-
| [[Rajendra Nagar railway station|Rajendra Nagar]]
| style="text-align:center;"| RJNR
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Western Railway Zone (India)|Western Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 2
|-
| [[Manglia Gaon railway station|Manglia Gaon]]
| style="text-align:center;"| MGG
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Western Railway Zone (India)|Western Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 3
|-
| [[Rau railway station|Rau]]
| style="text-align:center;"| RAU
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Western Railway Zone (India)|Western Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 2
|-
|[[Haranya Kheri railway station|Haranya Kheri]]
| style="text-align:center;"| HKH
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Western Railway Zone (India)|Western Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 2
|-
|[[Dr. Ambedkar Nagar railway station|Dr. Ambedkar Nagar]]
| style="text-align:center;"| DADN
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Western Railway Zone (India)|Western Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 3
|-
| [[Patalpani railway station|Patalpani]]
| style="text-align:center;"| PTP
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Western Railway Zone (India)|Western Railway]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 3
|-
|}

===Road===
Indore is connected to other parts of India through National and State highways. The nearest cities to Indore by road are [[Dewas]] (around 35&nbsp;km), [[Shajapur]] (100&nbsp;km), [[Ujjain]] (around 57&nbsp;km) and [[Bhopal]] (around 200&nbsp;km).

The National Highways passing through the city are:
* [[National Highway 52 (India)|National Highway 52 (NH 52)]] contains parts of the erstwhile [[National Highway 3 (India, old numbering)|NH3 (AB Rd stands for Agra Bombay Road)]] and it originates at [[Sangrur|Sangrur, Punjab]] and runs through [[Jaipur, Rajasthan]], Indore, [[Dhule]] and terminates at [[Ankola]] in [[Karnataka]].
* [[National Highway 47 (India)|National Highway 47]] starts from [[Bamanbore|Bamanbore, Gujarat]] and reaches Indore via [[Ahmedabad]] and further connects [[Betul, Madhya Pradesh|Betul]] to terminate at [[Nagpur]].

The highways which have ceased to exist because of renumbering<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dash|first1=Dipak Kumar|title=National highway numbers to change, stretches to be longer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/National-highway-numbers-to-change-stretches-to-be-longer/articleshow/5585374.cms|access-date=10 October 2018|agency=TNN|work=The Times of India|date=18 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219094949/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/National-highway-numbers-to-change-stretches-to-be-longer/articleshow/5585374.cms|archive-date=19 February 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> are:
* [[National Highway 3 (India, old numbering)|National Highway 3]] also known as the Agra-Bombay Road or AB Road, is an important highway connecting [[Agra]] to [[Mumbai]] via Indore, Dewas, Gwalior & [[Dhule]].
* [[National Highway 59 (India, old numbering)|National Highway 59]] & its branch NH 59A. NH 59 originated at [[Ahmedabad]] and passed through [[Godhra]], Indore, [[Raipur]], [[Brahmapur, Odisha]] and terminated at [[Gopalpur-on-Sea]] while NH 59A connected Indore & [[Betul, Madhya Pradesh|Betul]].

The state highways passing through the city are:
* [[Madhya Pradesh State Highway 27|MP State Highway 27]] runs from [[Jhalawar]] in [[Rajasthan]], through [[Ujjain]], Indore, [[Barwaha]], [[Burhanpur]] in Madhya Pradesh and terminates at [[Malkapur, Buldhana]] in Maharashtra.
* MP State Highway 31 ([[Neemuch]] – [[Ratlam]] – [[Dhar]])
* MP State Highway 18 connects Indore to [[Dewas]], [[Bhopal]], [[Ujjain]] and [[Ahmedabad]].

===Public transport===
{{main|Indore City Bus}}
 
Indore's City Bus transport system runs through 277&nbsp;km (172&nbsp;mi) of road with a daily ridership of over 140,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/aictsl-finalizes-routes-for-e-buses/articleshow/63523326.cms|title=AICTSL finalizes routes for e buses|date=29 March 2018|website=The Times of India|access-date=10 December 2018|archive-date=5 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305141416/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/aictsl-finalizes-routes-for-e-buses/articleshow/63523326.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Atal Indore City Transport Services Ltd, a PPP scheme operates buses and radio taxis in the city. The buses designated as City Bus operate on 64 Routes<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://aictslportal.infinium.management/ListofRoutes/ViewRoutes|title=AiCTSL|website=aictslportal.infinium.management|access-date=10 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210204139/http://aictslportal.infinium.management/ListofRoutes/ViewRoutes|archive-date=10 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> with a fleet of 487 buses, with 421 bus stops.<ref name=":0" /> The buses are colour-coded into three colours: Blue, Magenta and Orange according to their route.<ref>{{cite web|title=AiCTSL-City Bus Indore Route Planning|url=http://citybusindore.com/index.php?page=route-planning|website=AiCTSL|access-date=3 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107023332/http://citybusindore.com/index.php?page=route-planning|archive-date=7 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

'''Indore BRTS (iBUS)''' – Indore BRTS is a bus rapid transit system with 53 air-conditioned<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aictslportal.infinium.management/BusTiming/ViewBusTiming|title=AiCTSL|website=aictslportal.infinium.management|access-date=10 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211013103/http://aictslportal.infinium.management/BusTiming/ViewBusTiming|archive-date=11 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> buses equipped with services like GPS and IVR which are used to track the position of the bus with information displayed on LED displays installed at the bus stops.

'''Indore Magic (Auto Rickshaw)''' – Indore Auto Rickshaw is a magic service for small distance travel. Daily approx. 500,000 people travel within the city.

'''[[Indore Metro]]''' is a [[rapid transit]] system that has currently completed its successful first phase trail run.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/video/indore-metro-shivraj-singh-chouhan-flags-off-trial-run-of-indore-metro-728480|title=Video &#124; Shivraj Singh Chouhan Flags off Trial Run of Indore Metro}}</ref>

'''Indore Cable Car''' was announced in January 2021 as another public transport for the city to decongest traffic. It will also be the first cable car in India to run on crowded streets.<ref>{{cite news|title=Indore to get Cable Car|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-to-get-cable-car|access-date=8 January 2021|work=Free Press Journal|date=6 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=10 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110221057/https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-to-get-cable-car|url-status=live}}</ref>

Buses for other cities which are within close proximity to Indore are operated by state transport and private transport operators. Cities like Ujjain, Dewas, Khandwa, Khargone are connected through daily road buses.

==Education==
[[File:Saab 96 (Sunroof Model), 1965 at Daly College, Indore.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Daly College]] (founded in 1870, one of the oldest boarding schools), in Indore, [[India]].]]

[[File:HH The Maharaja Sir Jayaji Rao Scindia of Gwalior, General Sir Henry Daly (Founder of The Daly College, Indore), with British officers and Maratha nobility in Indore, Holkar State, Central India. Circa 1879..jpg|thumb|left|[[Jayajirao Scindia|HH Maharaja Sir Jayaji Rao Scindia]] of [[Gwalior State]], General Sir [[Henry Daly]] (Founder of The [[Daly College]]), with British officers and [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] [[nobility]] ([[Sardar]]s, [[Jagirdar]]s & [[Mankari]]s) in Indore, [[Holkar State]], {{circa|1879}}.]]
{{Main|Education in Indore}}

[[File:College Main Garden.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Holkar Science College]], established in 1891.]]

The [[Daly College]], founded in 1870 by General [[Henry Daly]], is one of the oldest co-educational boarding school in the world, which was established to educate the rulers of the Central Indian princely states of the '[[Maratha Empire|Marathas]]' and [[Rajput]]s'.<ref name=lord>''[[Lord Curzon]] in India: Being a Selection from His Speeches as [[Viceroy and Governor-General of India]] 1898–1905'', by George Nathaniel Curzon Curzon, Thomas Raleigh. Published by Macmillan and co., limited, 1906. ''Page 233''. Speech: "4th November 1905"...."The old Daly College has founded here as long ago as 1881, in the time of that excellent and beloved Political Officer, Sir [[Henry Daly]]"...</ref>

The [[Holkar Science College]], officially known as Government Model Autonomous Holkar Science College was established in 1891.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mp.gov.in/highereducation/holkarpgc/|title=Govt. Holkar Science College|publisher=Madhya Pradesh Govt. Poratal|access-date=13 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608144901/http://www.mp.gov.in/highereducation/holkarpgc/|archive-date=8 June 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>

Indore is the first city to have both IIT ([[Indian Institute of Technology Indore]]) and IIM ([[Indian Institute of Management Indore]]).
Indore is home to a range of colleges and schools. Indore has a large student population and is a big educational centre in central India, it also is the education hub of central India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mpakvnindore.com/index.php?page=education|title=Indore- A hub of technical and Higher Education|author=MPAKVN|publisher=MPAKVN|access-date=10 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211130101/http://www.mpakvnindore.com/index.php?page=education|archive-date=11 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Most primary and secondary schools in Indore are affiliated with the [[Central Board of Secondary Education|Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)]]; however, quite a few numbers of schools are affiliated with ICSE board, NIOS board, CBSE board, and the state level M.P. Board as well.

[[Indian Institute of Technology Indore]] is one of the most prestigious institutions in the country. Started in 2009, IIT Indore has its 500-acre campus in Simrol (28&nbsp; km from Indore City). IIT Indore has several disciplines including Civil Engineering, Computer Science Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, and Material Science.

IIT Indore ranked 15 under the engineering category in the National Institute Ranking Framework. IIT Indore's central library emphasises the use of Online Information Resources. The library provides its users access to nearly 3800 electronic journals as well as access to databases such as ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Science Direct, MathSciNet, JSTOR, SciFinder, Taylor and Francis, WILEY, and Springer. The library also provides air-conditioned and Wi-Fi enabled reading halls.

[[Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology]] is a unit of [[Department of Atomic Energy (India)|Department of Atomic Energy]], Government of [[India]], engaged in [[R&D]] in non-[[Nuclear engineering|nuclear]] front-line research areas of [[lasers]], [[particle accelerators]] and related technologies. The centre is situated at the south-western end of the Indore, [[Madhya Pradesh]].The RRCAT campus is spread over a 760 hectare on the outskirts of Indore city. The campus encompasses laboratories, staff housing colony and other basic amenities like school, sports facilities, shopping complex, gardens etc.

[[Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya]], also known as DAVV (formerly known as University of Indore or Indore Vishwavidyalaya), is a university in Indore with several colleges operating under its aegis. It has two campuses within the city, one at Takshila Parisar (near Bhavarkuan Square) and another at Rabindra Nath Tagore Road, Indore. The university runs several departments including [[Institute of Management Studies, Devi Ahilya University|Institute of Management Studies]], School of Computer Science & Information Technology(SCSIT), (IMS), School of Law (SoL), [[Institute of Engineering and Technology, DAVV]] (IET), Educational Multimedia Research Centre (EMRC), International Institute of Professional Studies (IIPS), School of Pharmacy, School of Energy & Environmental Studies – one of the primer schools for MTech (Energy Management), School of Journalism and School of Futures Studies and Planning, which runs two MTech Courses with specialisations in Technology Management & Systems Science & Engineering, MBA (Business Forecasting), an MSc in Science & Technology Communication. The campus houses several other research and educational departments, hostels, playgrounds, and cafes.

The [[Indian Institute of Soybean Research]] (IISR) ([[Indian Council of Agricultural Research|ICAR]], [[Government of India]]), Asia's largest soybean research centre, is headquartered in Indore.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us: ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research|url=https://iisrindore.icar.gov.in/AboutUs.html|website=iisrindore.icar.gov.in|access-date=14 May 2022|archive-date=10 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610112631/https://iisrindore.icar.gov.in/AboutUs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> There are 16 laboratories in the facility for different disciplines, including genetic engineering, application of artificial intelligence in image analysis, big data analysis, food processing, agriculture machinery, nanotechnology, biotechnology, remote sensing, and application of [[Internet of things|IOT]] in agriculture.<ref>{{cite news|title=iit: Soyabean Research Institute To Collaborate With Iit-i To Improve Yield|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/soyabean-research-institute-to-collaborate-with-iit-i-to-improve-yield/articleshow/90451082.cms|access-date=14 May 2022|work=The Times of India|date=26 March 2022|language=en|archive-date=14 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514043304/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/soyabean-research-institute-to-collaborate-with-iit-i-to-improve-yield/articleshow/90451082.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Situated in the heart of Malwa, Indore enjoys the status of an "educational and industrial Capital of Madhya Pradesh". To initiate and strengthen agricultural research and development in Malwa and Nimar regions, the Institute of Plant Industry came into existence in the year 1924. Later on, in the year 1959, the Government '''College of Agriculture, Indore''' was established with the merger of the erstwhile Institute of Plant Industry (IPI). It was a prestigious campus of Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, since 1964. After bifurcation of '''Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur i'''n 2008 and Separate second Agricultural University is formed, that is, '''Rajmata Vijiyaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Gwalior''' now College of Agriculture, Indore is coming under the juridicition of RVSKVV, Gwalior.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Heazell|first=M. A.|date=October 1975|title=Proceedings: Is ATP an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the rat stomach|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/117|journal=British Journal of Pharmacology|volume=55|issue=2|pages=285P–286P|issn=0007-1188|pmc=1666776|pmid=117|access-date=29 June 2021|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505050051/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/117/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute of Technology and Science]] (SGSITS), formerly Shri Govindram Seksaria Kala Bhavan, is a public engineering institution located in Indore. It was established in 1952 as a technical institute offering licentiate and diploma courses in engineering. New Delhi granted the status of an autonomous institution in 1989. In 2020, it became the first and only Madhya Pradesh government-funded engineering college in the state to have made its place among the top 250 in the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranking released by Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-sgsits-makes-it-to-top-250-in-nirf-ranking|title=Indore: SGSITS makes it to top 250 in NIRF ranking|author=Manoj Singh Rawat|publisher=Free Press Journal|access-date=11 June 2020|archive-date=14 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614101203/https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-sgsits-makes-it-to-top-250-in-nirf-ranking|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore|Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College]] (MGMMC), established in 1878 as the King Edward Medical School, is one of the oldest and premiere government run medical colleges in India.<ref>[http://www.indore.nic.in/glance.htm Indore city govt. website: Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223215131/http://www.indore.nic.in/glance.htm |date=23 February 2012 }}</ref> It is attached to tertiary teaching hospitals named Maharaja Yeshwantrao group of Hospitals established in 1955.
Indore also has two other Privately run medical colleges which act as teritary care hospitals, they are SAIMS and Index Medical College and Hospital.

The '''College of [[Veterinary medicine|Veterinary Sciences]] and [[Animal husbandry|Animal Husbandry]], [[Mhow]]''' is a constituent college of '''Nanaji deshmukh Veterinary Science University''', [[Jabalpur]] an autonomous Veterinary University in India, and is a pioneer college in the field of Veterinary Sciences in India. It is one of the oldest veterinary colleges in [[Madhya Pradesh]] and '''India''' was founded in 1955 the present building of the college was inaugurated by the first prime minister of India Pt.Jawahar Lal Nehru on 12 November 1959.

[[Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences]] (SAIMS) is a group of colleges located in Indore. It features Mohak Hitech Speciality Hospital within the campus.

[[VIBGYOR Group of Schools]] have a branch in [[Vijay Nagar, Indore|Vijay Nagar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vibgyorrise.com/indore.php|title=CBSE School in Indore – VIBGYOR Group of Schools {{!}} Admission Open for AY 2020–21|website=vibgyorrise.com|access-date=23 September 2019|archive-date=23 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923051228/http://www.vibgyorrise.com/indore.php}}</ref>

==Health and medicine==
Indore is home to 51 public health institutions and has a number of private hospitals. The healthcare facilities of Indore include Government run tertiary teaching hospital [[Maharaja Yeshwantrao Hospital|MY Hospital]] attached to Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College Indore, private run hospitals include Bombay Hospital, [[Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences|SAIMS]], Index Medical College & Hospital, Choithram Hospital, Shalby Hospital, [[CHL Indore|CHL Hospital]], [[Medanta]], [[Apollo Hospitals|Apollo]], [[Vasan Healthcare|Vasan]], Centre for Sight<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-24/indore/31391800_1_bombay-hospital-medical-hub-three-hospitals|title=Health services to improve as corporate hospitals queue up|access-date=24 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524204904/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-24/indore/31391800_1_bombay-hospital-medical-hub-three-hospitals|archive-date=24 May 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and Navchetna Rehabilitation and Deaddiction Centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.navchetnarehab.com/home.html|title=rehabilitation and deaddiction centers in Indore|access-date=31 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331210028/http://www.navchetnarehab.com/home.html|archive-date=31 March 2017}}</ref>

The National Family Health Survey of 2018 found Indore to be India's most vegetarian city, with 49% of residents eschewing meat products.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-43581122|publisher=BBC|date=4 April 2018|title=The myth of the Indian vegetarian nation|access-date=17 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808011417/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-43581122|archive-date=8 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Media==

===Print media===
There are about 20 Hindi dailies, 7 English dailies, 26 weeklies and monthlies, four quarterlies, two bi-monthly magazines, one annual paper, and one monthly Hindi language educational tabloid named "Campus Diary"  published from the city. India's only magazine on the pump industry, ''Pumps India'', and valve magazine ''Valves India'' are published from here.<ref>''Indian Journal of Science Communication'' (Volume 2/ Number 1/ January – June 2003)</ref>

===Electronic media===
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2020}}
The radio industry has expanded with a number of private and government-owned FM channels being introduced.

Indore switched to complete digitalisation of cable TV in 2013 under the second phase of digitalisation by [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Das|first=Kumud|date=27 March 2013|title=Digitization deadline puts cable operators in a fix|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/digitization-deadline-puts-cable-operators-in-a-fix/articleshow/19234973.cms|work=The Times of India|issn=0971-8257|access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref> Indore is covered by a network of [[optical fibre]] cables. Doordarshan Kendra Indore with studio and transmission started from July 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Training Report On Doordarshan {{!}} PDF {{!}} Video {{!}} Manufactured Goods|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/125493423/Training-report-on-Doordarshan|access-date=27 March 2025|website=Scribd|language=en}}</ref>

===Wi-Fi===
There are various companies providing paid and free Wi-Fi services across the city. [[Jio|Reliance]]'s Jionet became operational in November 2013. It covers the whole city and is a 4.5&nbsp;GHz high-speed Wi-Fi service which was initially free but become chargeable in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|author=Nai Duniya|author-link=Nai Duniya|date=May 2014|title=For Free Wifi people reached on near towers on City Square|url=http://naidunia.jagran.com/madhya-pradesh/indore-for-free-wifi-people-reached-on-near-towers-on-city-square-81367|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119015724/http://naidunia.jagran.com/madhya-pradesh/indore-for-free-wifi-people-reached-on-near-towers-on-city-square-81367|archive-date=19 November 2015|access-date=10 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=imfreewifi.com|title=Free WiFi in Indore|url=http://imfreewifi.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813042505/http://imfreewifi.com/|archive-date=13 August 2015|access-date=10 August 2015}}</ref> Indore is the second city in India to provide free Wi-Fi across the city.<ref>{{cite web|website=3techjournal.cf|title=Indore becomes first city to offer free 4G Wifi|url=http://www.3techjournal.cf/2014/08/indore-becomes-second-indian-city-to.html|access-date=10 August 2015}}{{dead link|date=September 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> AICSTL provides a high-speed free Wi-Fi service named 'Free As Air' across the [[Indore BRTS]] corridor. [[BSNL]] has also started free Wi-Fi services in prominent locations.<ref>{{cite news|title=BSNL Wifi Hotspots on the anvil in Indore|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/BSNL-Wi-Fi-hotspots-on-the-anvil-in-Indore/articleshow/50448653.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416181609/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/BSNL-Wi-Fi-hotspots-on-the-anvil-in-Indore/articleshow/50448653.cms|archive-date=16 April 2019|access-date=6 January 2015|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Sports==
[[File:Maharani Usha Raje Cricket Stadium Indore - panoramio.jpg|thumb|[[Holkar Cricket Stadium]], Indore]]
[[Cricket]] is one of the most popular sports in the city. Indore is also home to the [[Madhya Pradesh Cricket Association]] (MPCA), Madhya Pradesh Table Tennis Association (MPTTA), and the city has one international cricket ground, the [[Holkar Cricket Stadium]]. The first ODI cricket match in the state was played in Indore at [[Nehru Stadium, Indore|Nehru Stadium]] in 1983.<ref name="Bhaskar">{{cite web|url=http://www.bhaskar.com/article/MP-IND-usha-raje-holkar-cricket-stadium-now-1286044.html|work=Dainik Bhaskar Online Edition, dated 2010-08-23|title=Usha Raje is now Holkar cricket stadium|access-date=29 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827000127/http://www.bhaskar.com/article/MP-IND-usha-raje-holkar-cricket-stadium-now-1286044.html|archive-date=27 August 2010}}</ref>

Besides cricket, Indore is also a centre for many national and international championships. The city hosted the South Asian Billiard Championship and is a host to the three-day-long National Triathlon Championship, in which nearly 450 players and 250 sports officials belonging to 23 states take part in the action.<ref name="National Triathlon Championship 2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sports/indore-to-host-national-triathlon-championship-from-tomorrow/article4195962.ece|work=The Hindu Business Line, dated 2012-12-14|title=Indore to host National Triathlon Championship|date=13 December 2012|access-date=14 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215211918/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sports/indore-to-host-national-triathlon-championship-from-tomorrow/article4195962.ece|archive-date=15 December 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

Indore was included in holding two [[Guinness Book of World Records|Guinness World Records]] for holding the largest tea party in the world and for making the largest burger in the world.<ref>{{cite news|date=25 February 2008|publisher=Guinness World Records|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records/amazing_feats/mass_participation/largest_tea_party.aspx|access-date=12 March 2010|title=Largest Tea Party at Indore|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100319003550/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records/amazing_feats/mass_participation/largest_tea_party.aspx|archive-date=19 March 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Cityscape==

=== Rajwada Palace ===
[[File:Indore Rajwada01.jpg|thumb|Rajwada palace]]
[[Rajwada]] Palace is a historical palace in Indore city. It was built by the [[House of Holkar|Holkar]]s of the [[Maratha Empire]] about two centuries ago. This seven-storied structure is located near the [[Krishnapura Chhatri|Chhatris]].

=== Shiv Vilas Palace ===
[[Shiv Vilas Palace]] is a royal palace built during the reign of the Holkar dynasty. Also called the 'new palace', it was built after the Rajwada palace was damaged in an attack. It is on the right side of the Rajwada palace.

=== Gomatgiri ===
Gomatgiri is a revered Jain pilgrimage site situated on a hill near Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. Spread over an expanse of lush greenery, this serene location is home to a majestic 21-foot statue of Gomateshwar, also known as Bahubali, which mirrors the famous statue located in Shravanabelagola, Karnataka. Established in 1981, Gomatgiri offers a tranquil retreat for spiritual seekers and visitors alike, with its picturesque views and spiritually uplifting atmosphere. The complex houses 24 marble temples, each dedicated to one of the 24 [[Tirthankaras]] of [[Jainism]], symbolising the religion's rich heritage and teachings. This place is not only a spiritual centre but also a popular tourist attraction, drawing visitors from all corners for its architectural beauty and the peace it offers away from the bustle of city life.

=== Kanch Mandir ===
[[Kanch Mandir]], literally  'temple of glass', is a famous Jain temple in Indore, built by Sir Seth Hukumchand Jain. Its construction began sometime around 1903.

=== Khajrana Ganesh Mandir ===
[[Khajrana Ganesh Temple|Khajrana Ganesh Mandir]] is a pilgrimage centre in Indore, dedicated to [[Ganesha|Lord Ganapati]]. The current temple was built during the reign of [[Holkar Dynasty]]. The main Idol of the temple was placed in a well to save it from the mughal ruler Aurangzeb. It was recovered by the Holkar ruler [[Ahilyabai Holkar|Maharani Ahilya Bai Holkar]]. It is situated in the Khajrana area, a little distance away from Kalka Mata Temple.

=== Lalbagh Palace ===
[[File:Lalbagh Palace, Indore.jpg|thumb|left|Lalbagh Palace]]
[[Lalbagh Palace]] was built by the [[House of Holkar|Holkar]] Dynasty between 1886 and 1921. The interior is beautified with striated Italian marble pillars, many chandeliers and classical columns, murals of Greek deities, a baroque-cum-rococo dining room, an English-library-style office with leather armchairs, a Renaissance sitting room, and a Palladian queen's bedroom which was the fashion among many of the late Raj-era Indian nobility, accompanied by a billiards room. There is imitation of the [[Buckingham Palace]] gates creak at the entrance along with 28-hectare ground, where, near to the palace, stands the statue of [[Queen Victoria]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/indore/attractions/lal-bagh-palace/a/poi-sig/1154907/356380|title=Lonely planet – Lal Bagh Palace|access-date=12 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012134016/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/indore/attractions/lal-bagh-palace/a/poi-sig/1154907/356380|archive-date=12 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/Indore/indore-Rs-23-crore-project-to-bring-back-iconic-royal-lalbagh-palaces-old-glory|title=Restoring Lal Bagh – FreePress Journal|access-date=12 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012134402/https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-rs-23-crore-project-to-bring-back-iconic-royal-lalbagh-palaces-old-glory#bypass-sw|archive-date=12 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Manik Bagh ===
[[Manik Bagh]] palace was built in 1930 when Maharajah Yashwant Rao Holkar II commissioned the construction of the Manik Bagh ("Jewel Garden") palace. The architect was [[Eckart Muthesius]] (1904–1989) from Germany. The maharaja was at a young age at that time, as was Muthesius who was just a couple of years older. The work outside and inside was done in a late [[art deco]] and the [[International Style (architecture)|international style]] of [[modern architecture]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gstindore.gov.in/en/about/about-manik-bagh|title=About Manik Bagh|website=gstindore.gov.in|access-date=28 May 2020|archive-date=16 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616084431/https://gstindore.gov.in/en/about/about-manik-bagh|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Yeshwant Club ===
[[File:Yeshwant Club, Indore.jpg|thumb|The [[Yeshwant Club]], established in 1934]]
The [[Yeshwant Club]] came into existence in 1934 at the behest of late [[Tukojirao Holkar III|the Maharaja Tukoji Rao III Holkar of Indore]]. The club was established for their son, [[Yeshwantrao Holkar II|Yuvraj Yeshwant Rao Holkar]]. Spread over 14 acres it is a [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] legacy of the [[House of Holkar|Holkar]] rulers of [[Indore State]]. Initially, the club was opened for [[Maratha]] royalty, nobility, aristocracy, and the officers (Natives and British) of the [[Indore State|Holkar State]]. Later its doors were opened for the business elites. Post-Indian Independence, the admission criteria were revised according to the changing times. Maharani Usha Devi, the daughter of late [[Yeshwantrao Holkar II|Maharaja Yeshwant Rao II Holkar of Indore]] is the Chief Patron of the club, the Honorary Chief Minister of [[Madhya Pradesh]] being the President of the club.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nehru Stadium – India – Cricket Grounds|website=ESPN Cricinfo|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58151.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127203146/http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58151.html|archive-date=27 November 2016|access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Clubs are all the rage in Indore|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=9 May 2012|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/Clubs-are-all-the-rage-in-Indore/articleshow/13059082.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507105654/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/Clubs-are-all-the-rage-in-Indore/articleshow/13059082.cms|archive-date=7 May 2016|access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Manjit Sachdeva elected Yeshwant club chief – Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=30 June 2014|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/Manjit-Sachdeva-elected-Yeshwant-club-chief/articleshow/37509215.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104073617/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/Manjit-Sachdeva-elected-Yeshwant-club-chief/articleshow/37509215.cms|archive-date=4 January 2017|access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=5 April 2012|title=An unsavoury controversy rocks Indore's Yeshwant Club|work=dailybhaskar|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/MP-IND-an-unsavoury-controversy-rocks-indores-yeshwant-club-3062255.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155117/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/MP-IND-an-unsavoury-controversy-rocks-indores-yeshwant-club-3062255.html|archive-date=7 November 2016|access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>

=== Sirpur Lake ===
[[File:Sirpur Biodiversity 2.jpg|thumb|Birds at Sirpur wetland]]

The [[Sirpur Lake]] is the most important bird-watching site in [[Malwa]]. It is a [[List of Ramsar Sites in India|Ramsar site]] located on Dhar Road in Indore. It is known for more than 180 species of resident and migratory birds. It was restored to a viable bird habitat from a heavily encroached pool over four decades since 1980 by [[Bhalchandra Dattatray Mondhe|Padmashri Bhalu Mondhe]] and his NGO The Nature Volunteers, and was declared an [[Important Bird and Biodiversity Area]] in 2015–16.

It is one of the most important bird habitats in [[Malwa]] region. Another Ramsar site near Indore is [[Yashwant Sagar]].

=== Pitra Parvat ===
Pitra Parvat is known for the statue of Lord Hanuman situated there. The [[sculpture]] is made with 8 elements in golden colour. It took 125 workers and 7 years to complete the statue of the deity [[Hanuman|Lord Hanuman.]] Also present there, is a [[temple]] that has the small statue of [[Hanuman|Lord Hanuman]] for the devotees to [[worship]]. [[Hanuman|Lord Hanuman]] is seen sitting in the lap of ''Mother'' ''Anjani'' in this temple.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gite|first1=Veidehi|title=Four Holkar architectural gems to explore in Indore|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/specials/four-holkar-architectural-gems-to-explore-in-indore-1122734.html|access-date=17 July 2022|work=Deccan Herald|date=30 June 2022|language=en|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707193414/https://www.deccanherald.com/specials/four-holkar-architectural-gems-to-explore-in-indore-1122734.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Pitreshwar Hanuman Temple, located at Pitru Parvat on Bijasan Road in Indore, is known for its 72-foot tall [[Ashtadhatu]] statue of Lord Hanuman. Unlike typical depictions, this statue presents Hanuman in a meditative posture, making it a unique spiritual and cultural landmark. The site has become a popular tourist destination, combining religious significance with natural beauty and environmental awareness.

=== Annapurna Temple ===
Annapurna Temple, located in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, is a prominent Hindu temple dedicated to Goddess Annapurna, the deity of nourishment. Inspired by the architecture of South Indian temples, the temple features a towering gopuram, intricate carvings, and vibrant sculptures. It is not only a place of worship but also a cultural and architectural attraction in the city. The temple complex also houses shrines dedicated to Lord Shiva, Lord Hanuman, and Kal Bhairav. It is a popular destination for devotees and tourists alike.

== Place to visit near Indore ==

* [[Patalpani waterfall]]
* [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]]
* [[Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga|Mahakal Temple]]
* [[Omkareshwar Temple|Omkareshwar]]

==People==
{{Main|List of people from Indore}}

==See also==
* [[Mhow]]
* [[Ujjain]]
* [[Dewas]]
* [[List of people from Indore]]
* [[Indore City Bus]]
* [[Indore BRTS]]
* [[Indore Fashion Week]]
* [[Indore Metro]]
* [[List of cities in India by population]]
* [[Largest Indian Cities by GDP]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Hunter, Cotton, Burn, Meyer. [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/ "The Imperial Gazetteer of India"], 2006. Oxford, [[Clarendon Press]]. 1909.
* Plunkett, Richard. Central India. [[Lonely Planet]], 2001. {{ISBN|1-86450-161-8}}
* {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Indore |volume=14 |pages=400–401 |first=James Sutherland |last=Cotton |short=1}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190724145904/http://www.indore.nic.in/ City portal] at Govt. of India info. website
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Indore}}

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