View source for Immigration to Italy

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
[[File:Italy, foreign residents as a percentage of the total population, 2011.svg|thumb|Foreign residents as a percentage of the regional population, 2011]]

In 2024, [[Istat]] estimated that 5,253,658 foreign citizens lived in [[Italy]], representing about 8.9% of the total [[Demographics of Italy|population]]. These figures include [[naturalized]] [[Immigration|foreign-born]] residents (about 1,620,000 foreigners acquired [[Italian citizenship]] from 1999 to 2020, of whom 130,000 did so in 2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=Acquisition of citizenship by age group, sex and former citizenship |url=https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do |access-date=9 November 2022 |archive-date=21 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121154457/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/main/eurostat/web/main/help/faq/data-services |url-status=live }}</ref>) as well as [[illegal immigrants]], the so-called ''clandestini'', whose numbers, difficult to determine, are thought to be at least 670,000.<ref>Elisabeth Rosenthal, "[http://www.boston.com/news/world/europe/articles/2008/05/16/italy_cracks_down_on_illegal_immigration/ Italy cracks down on illegal immigration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821061114/http://www.boston.com/news/world/europe/articles/2008/05/16/italy_cracks_down_on_illegal_immigration/ |date=21 August 2013 }}". [[The Boston Globe]]. 16 May 2008.</ref>

In 2021, around 6,260,000 people residing in Italy have an [[immigration background]] (around the 10.6% of the total Italian population).<ref name="appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu">{{Cite web |title=Population on 1 January by sex, country of birth and broad group of citizenship |url=https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do |access-date=9 November 2022 |archive-date=21 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121154457/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/main/eurostat/web/main/help/faq/data-services |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ISTAT2015">{{cite web|url=http://demo.istat.it/str2014/index.html|title=Cittadini Stranieri. Popolazione residente e bilancio demografico al 31 dicembre 2014|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|ISTAT]]|date=15 June 2015|access-date=16 June 2015|archive-date=26 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026080159/http://demo.istat.it/str2014/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Bilancio2015">{{cite web|url=http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/162251|title=Bilancio demografico nazionale|publisher=ISTAT|date=15 June 2015|access-date=16 June 2015|archive-date=23 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223131321/https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/162251|url-status=live}}</ref>

Starting from the early 1980s, Italy began to attract substantial flows of foreign immigrants.<ref name="dati.istat.it">{{Cite web |title=Resident foreigners on 1st January - Citizenship |url=http://dati.istat.it/Index.aspx?QueryId=19675&lang=en |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=dati.istat.it |archive-date=28 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128055552/http://dati.istat.it/Index.aspx?QueryId=19675&lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Allen |first1=Beverly |title=Revisioning Italy national identity and global culture |url=https://archive.org/details/revisioningitaly00beve|url-access=registration |date=1997 |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |location=Minneapolis |isbn=978-0-8166-2727-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/revisioningitaly00beve/page/169 169]}}</ref> After the [[fall of the Berlin Wall]] and, more recently, the [[2004 enlargement of the European Union|2004]] and [[2004 enlargement of the European Union|2007]] enlargements of the European Union, large waves of migration originated from the former socialist countries of [[Eastern Europe]] (especially [[Romania]], [[Albania]], [[Ukraine]], [[Moldova]] and [[Poland]]). Another source of immigration is neighbouring North Africa (in particular, [[Morocco]], [[Egypt]] and [[Tunisia]]), with soaring arrivals as a consequence of the [[Arab Spring]]. Furthermore, in recent years, growing migration fluxes from Asia-Pacific (notably [[China]],<ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6550725.stm Milan police in Chinatown clash] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010205822/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6550725.stm |date=10 October 2017 }}". BBC News. 13 April 2007.</ref> [[South Asia]], and the [[Philippines]]) and [[Latin America]] have been recorded.

Since the expansion of the [[European Union]], the most recent wave of migration has been from surrounding European states, particularly Eastern Europe, replacing North Africa as the major immigration area.<ref name="dati.istat.it"/>

[[Romanians]] made up the largest foreign community in the country (1.073.196; around 10% of them being ethnic [[Romani people]]<ref>"[http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=42404 EUROPE: Home to Roma, And No Place for Them]". [[Inter Press Service|IPS]] ipsnews.net. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305064429/http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=42404 |date=5 March 2012 }}</ref>) followed by [[Albanians]] (416.229), [[Moroccans]] (412,346).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://openmigration.org/en/analyses/from-morocco-to-romania-marocco-how-immigration-to-italy-changed-in-10-years/|title=From Morocco to Romania: how immigration to Italy has changed over 10 years|work=Open Migration|author=Lanni, Alessandro|date=27 December 2015|access-date=10 March 2016|archive-date=16 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316180007/http://openmigration.org/en/analyses/from-morocco-to-romania-marocco-how-immigration-to-italy-changed-in-10-years/|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Chinese people|Chinese]] (308,984).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cinesi in Italia |url=https://www.tuttitalia.it/statistiche/cittadini-stranieri/repubblica-popolare-cinese/ |access-date=9 November 2022 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109125706/https://www.tuttitalia.it/statistiche/cittadini-stranieri/repubblica-popolare-cinese/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Società Stranieri in Italia, 5,2 milioni i residenti regolari. Romania e Cina le provenienze con i maggiori incrementi negli ultimi 8 anni |url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2019/09/20/stranieri-in-italia-52-milioni-i-residenti-regolari-romania-e-cina-le-provenienze-con-i-maggiori-incrementi-negli-ultimi-8-anni/5465956/ |access-date=15 May 2021 |agency=[[Il Fatto Quotidiano]] |date=20 September 2019 |archive-date=15 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515222011/https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2019/09/20/stranieri-in-italia-52-milioni-i-residenti-regolari-romania-e-cina-le-provenienze-con-i-maggiori-incrementi-negli-ultimi-8-anni/5465956/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 2024, foreign citizens' origins were subdivided as follows: Europe (46.22%), Asia (23.41%), Africa (22.69%), The Americas (7.64%), and Oceania (0.04%).<ref name="idos2">{{cite web |author= |title=Tuttitalia |url=https://www.tuttitalia.it/statistiche/cittadini-stranieri-2024/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214132231/https://www.tuttitalia.it/statistiche/cittadini-stranieri-2021/ |archive-date=14 February 2022 |access-date=14 February 2022}}</ref>

The distribution of foreigners is largely uneven in Italy: in 2020, 61.2% of foreign citizens lived in [[Northern Italy]] (in particular 36.1% in [[Northwestern Italy]] and 25.1% in [[Northeastern Italy]]), 24.2% in [[Central Italy]], 10.8% in [[Southern Italy]] and 3.9% in [[Insular Italy]].<ref>{{cite web |title=XXIX Rapporto Immigrazione 2020 |url=https://www.migrantes.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2020/10/RICM_2020_DEF.pdf |access-date=31 December 2021 |language=it |archive-date=31 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231222417/https://www.migrantes.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2020/10/RICM_2020_DEF.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

The children born in Italy to foreign mothers were 102,000 in 2012, 99,000 in 2013 and 97,000 in 2014.<ref name="istat2015">{{cite news |last1=Programma |first1=Integra |date=12 February 2015 |title=Istat: nel 2014 oltre 90mila i nuovi nati stranieri |url=http://www.programmaintegra.it/wp/2015/02/istat-nel-2014-oltre-90mila-i-nuovi-nati-stranieri/ |access-date=25 March 2016 |archive-date=6 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406004656/http://www.programmaintegra.it/wp/2015/02/istat-nel-2014-oltre-90mila-i-nuovi-nati-stranieri/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Statistics ==
[[File:Mappa stranieri in Italia 2023.png|thumb|300x300px|Immigrants by country of origin as of 2023. Italy is home to a large population of migrants from Eastern Europe and North Africa.]]
[[File:Festa_della_Patata_2015.jpg|thumb|Senegalese workers at the Potato festival in [[Vimercate]] ([[Lombardy]]) in 2015]]
[[File:Foreign citizens in Italy - 2022.jpg|thumb|data analysis of foreign people who live in Italy since 2022]]
[[File:Foreign citizens in Italy 2022.jpg|thumb|Foreign citizens in Italy - 2022]]
On foreigners only, for more information dealing with foreigners who have subsequently acquired Italian citizenship refer to Eurostat site.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Total foreign resident population on 1 January<ref group="note">The figures for 2002–2011 have been revised downwards as a result of the 15th General Census of Italy which offered more precise data. The figures since 2012 are calculated adding to the foreign population enumerated by the census the foreign population inflows and outflows recorded in all Italian municipalities during each calendar year.</ref>
! Year || Population 
|-
| 2002|| 1,341,209 (2.35%)<ref name="ricostruzione">{{cite web|url=http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/99464|title=Ricostruzione della popolazione residente per età, sesso e cittadinanza nei comuni|publisher=ISTAT|date=26 September 2013|page=9|access-date=5 June 2015|archive-date=18 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618131745/http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/99464|url-status=live}}</ref>  
|-
| 2003|| 1,549,373 (2.70%)<ref name="ricostruzione" />
|-
| 2004|| 1,990,159 (3.45%)<ref name="ricostruzione" />
|-
| 2005|| 2,402,157 (4.14%)<ref name="ricostruzione" />
|-
| 2006|| 2,670,514 (4.59%)<ref name="ricostruzione" />
|-
| 2007|| 2,938,922 (5.03%)<ref name="ricostruzione" />
|-
| 2008|| 3,432,651 (5.84%)<ref name="ricostruzione" />
|-
| 2009|| 3,891,295 (6.58%)<ref name="ricostruzione" />
|-
| 2010|| 4,235,059 (7.14%)<ref name="ricostruzione" />
|-
| 2011|| 4,570,317 (7.70%)<ref name="ricostruzione" />
|-
| 2012|| 4,052,081 (6.81%)<ref>[http://demo.istat.it/str20111009/index.html Statistics for 2011 at istat.it] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309021057/http://demo.istat.it/str20111009/index.html |date=9 March 2013 }} Accessed 30 October 2017</ref> 
|-
| 2013|| 4,387,721 (7.28%)<ref>[http://demo.istat.it/str2012/index.html Statistics for 2013 at istat.it] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331033817/http://demo.istat.it/str2012/index.html |date=31 March 2017 }} Accessed 30 October 2017</ref> 
|-
| 2014|| 4,922,085 (8.10%)<ref>[http://demo.istat.it/str2013/index.html Statistics for 2013 at istat.it] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730080921/http://demo.istat.it/str2013/index.html |date=30 July 2015 }} Accessed 30 October 2017</ref> 
|-
| 2015|| 5,014,437 (8.25%)<ref name="ISTAT2015" />
|-
| 2016|| 5,026,153 (8.28%)<ref>[http://demo.istat.it/str2015/index.html Statistics for 2015 at istat.it] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613091718/http://demo.istat.it/str2015/index.html |date=13 June 2016 }} Accessed 30 October 2017</ref> 
|-
| 2017|| 5,047,028 (8.33%)<ref>[http://demo.istat.it/str2016/index.html Statistics for 2017 at istat.it] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707030714/http://demo.istat.it/str2016/index.html |date=7 July 2017 }} Accessed 4 April 2018</ref> 
|-
| 2018|| 5,144,440 (8.51%)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://demo.istat.it/str2017/index.html |title=Statistiche demografiche ISTAT |access-date=18 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806142909/http://www.demo.istat.it/bil2016/index.html |archive-date=6 August 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> 
|-
| 2019|| 4,996,158 (8.35%)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aise.it/immigrazione/5.255.503-cittadini-stranieri-in-italia/137126/149|title=5.255.503 cittadini stranieri in Italia|date=24 October 2019|website=aise.it|access-date=15 March 2020|language=it|archive-date=26 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126213836/https://www.aise.it/immigrazione/5.255.503-cittadini-stranieri-in-italia/137126/149|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|5,039,637 (8.45%)<ref>{{cite web|title=Tuttitalia|url=https://www.tuttitalia.it/statistiche/cittadini-stranieri-2020/|access-date=14 February 2022|archive-date=29 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029192638/https://www.tuttitalia.it/statistiche/cittadini-stranieri-2020/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|5,171,894 (8.73%)<ref>{{cite web|title=Tuttitalia|url=https://www.tuttitalia.it/statistiche/cittadini-stranieri-2021/|access-date=14 February 2022|archive-date=14 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214132231/https://www.tuttitalia.it/statistiche/cittadini-stranieri-2021/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|5,030,716 (8.52%)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tuttitalia.it/statistiche/cittadini-stranieri-2022/ | title=Cittadini Stranieri in Italia - 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|2023
|5,141,341 (8.71%)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tuttitalia.it/statistiche/cittadini-stranieri-2023/ | title=Cittadini Stranieri in Italia - 2023 }}</ref>
|-
|2024
|5,253.658 (8.9%)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tuttitalia.it/statistiche/cittadini-stranieri-2024/ | title=Cittadini Stranieri in Italia - 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Foreign citizens (thus not including naturalized Italians and descendants) by country of origin <ref group="note">Since 2013, the European Union foreign nationals are no longer counted in the immigration statistics. This includes the Romanians, the largest minority group in Italy.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population on 1 January by age group, sex and citizenship |url=https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do |access-date=9 November 2022 |archive-date=21 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121154457/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/main/eurostat/web/main/help/faq/data-services |url-status=live }}</ref>
! Country !! 2004 !! 2005 !! 2006 !! 2007 !! 2008 !! 2009 !! 2010 !! 2011 !! 2012 !! 2013 !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 
!2019!! 2020 
!2021
!2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stranieri in Italia al 01 Gennaio 2022 |url=https://demo.istat.it/app/?i=P03&l=it |access-date=8 January 2023 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131193857/https://demo.istat.it/app/?i=P03&l=it |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2023 <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tuttitalia.it/statistiche/cittadini-stranieri-2023/ | title=Cittadini Stranieri in Italia - 2023 }}</ref>
! [[Regions of Italy|Regions]] with significant populations
|-
| {{ROU}} ||177,812||{{Increase}}248,849||{{Increase}}297,570||{{Increase}}342,200||{{Increase}}625,278||{{Increase}}796,477||{{Increase}}887,763||{{Increase}}968,576||{{Decrease}}834,465||{{Increase}}933,354||{{Increase}} 1,081,400||{{Increase}}1,118,776||{{Increase}}1,151,395||{{Increase}}1,168,552
|{{Increase}} 1,190,091
|{{Decrease}} 1,143,859||{{Increase}}1,145,718
|{{Decrease}} 1,076,412 
|{{Increase}} 1,083,771
|{{Decrease}} 1,081,836
| [[Lazio]]
|-
| {{ALB}} ||270,383||{{Increase}}316,659||{{Increase}}348,813||{{Increase}}375,947||{{Increase}}401,949||{{Increase}}441,396||{{Increase}}466,684||{{Increase}}482,627||{{Decrease}}450,908||{{Increase}}464,962||{{Increase}}495,709||{{Decrease}}478,069||{{Decrease}}467,687||{{Decrease}}448,407||{{Decrease}}440,465
|{{Decrease}}423,212||{{Decrease}}421,591
|{{Increase}} 433,171 
|{{Decrease}} 419,987
|{{Decrease}} 416,829
| [[Lombardy]]
|-
| {{MAR}} ||253,362||{{Increase}}294,945||{{Increase}}319,537||{{Increase}}343,228||{{Increase}}365,908||{{Increase}} 403,592||{{Increase}} 431,529||{{Increase}} 452,424||{{Decrease}} 408,667||{{Increase}} 426,791||{{Increase}} 454,773||{{Decrease}} 441,104||{{Decrease}} 437,485||{{Decrease}} 420,651||{{Decrease}} 416,531
|{{Decrease}} 406,112||{{Increase}}414,249
|{{Increase}} 428,947 
|{{Decrease}} 420,172
|{{Decrease}} 415,088
| [[Lombardy]]
|-
| {{CHN}} ||86,738||{{Increase}}111,712||{{Increase}}127,822||{{Increase}}144,885||{{Increase}}156,519||{{Increase}}170,265||{{Increase}}188,352||{{Increase}}209,934||{{Decrease}}197,064||{{Increase}}223,367||{{Increase}} 256,846||{{Increase}} 263,659||{{Increase}} 271,330 ||{{Increase}} 281,972||{{Increase}} 290,681
|{{Decrease}} 283,430||{{Increase}}288,923
|{{Increase}} 330,495 
|{{Decrease}} 300,216
|{{Increase}} 307,038
| [[Trentino-South Tyrol|Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]]
|-
| {{UKR}} ||57,971||{{Increase}}93,441||{{Increase}}107,118||{{Increase}}120,070||{{Increase}}132,718||{{Increase}}153,998||{{Increase}}174,129||{{Increase}}200,730||{{Decrease}}180,121||{{Increase}}191,725||{{Increase}} 219,050||{{Increase}} 222,039||{{Increase}} 230,728||{{Increase}} 234,354||{{Increase}} 237,047
|{{Decrease}}227,867||{{Increase}}228,560
|{{Increase}} 235,953 
|{{Decrease}} 225,307
|{{Increase}} 249,613
| [[Campania]]
|-
| {{BGD}} ||27,356||{{Increase}}35,785||{{Increase}}41,631||{{Increase}}49,575||{{Increase}}55,242||{{Increase}}65,529||{{Increase}}73,965||{{Increase}}82,451||{{Decrease}} 81,683||{{Increase}} 92,695||{{Increase}} 111,223||{{Increase}} 113,901||{{Increase}} 118,790||{{Increase}} 122,428||{{Increase}} 131,967
|{{Decrease}}131,023||{{Increase}}138,895
|{{Increase}} 158,020 
|{{Increase}} 159,003
|{{Increase}} 174,058
| [[Lombardy]]
|-
| {{IND}} ||44,791||{{Increase}}54,288||{{Increase}}61,847||{{Increase}}69,504||{{Increase}}77,432|| {{Increase}}91,855|| {{Increase}}105,863||{{Increase}}121,036||{{Decrease}}118,409||{{Increase}}128,903||{{Increase}} 142,453||{{Increase}} 145,879||{{Increase}} 150,456||{{Increase}} 151,430||{{Increase}} 151,791
|{{Decrease}}147,153||{{Increase}} 153,209
|{{Increase}} 165,512 
|{{Decrease}} 162,492
|{{Increase}} 167,333
| [[Lombardy]]
|-
| {{PHL}} ||72,372||{{Increase}}82,625||{{Increase}}89,668||{{Increase}}101,337||{{Increase}}105,675|| {{Decrease}}113,686||{{Increase}}123,584||{{Increase}}134,154||{{Decrease}}129,188||{{Increase}}139,835||{{Increase}} 162,655||{{Increase}} 167,834||{{Decrease}} 165,900||{{Increase}} 166,459||{{Increase}} 167,859
|{{Decrease}}158,049||{{Decrease}}157,665
|{{Increase}} 165,443 
|{{Decrease}} 158,997
|{{Decrease}} 158,926
| [[Lombardy]]
|-
| {{EGY}} ||40,583||{{Increase}}52,865||{{Increase}}58,879||{{Increase}}65,667||{{Increase}}69,572||{{Increase}}74,599||{{Increase}}82,064||{{Increase}} 90,365||{{Decrease}} 66,932||{{Increase}} 76,691||{{Increase}} 96,008||{{Increase}} 103,471||{{Increase}} 109,871 ||{{Increase}} 112,765||{{Increase}} 119,513
|{{Increase}} 119,864||{{Increase}}128,095
|{{Increase}} 139,569 
|{{Increase}} 140,322
|{{Increase}} 147,797
| [[Lombardy]]
|-
| {{PAK}} ||27,798||{{Increase}}35,509||{{Increase}}41,797||{{Increase}}46,085||{{Increase}}49,344||{{Increase}}55,371||{{Increase}} 64,859||{{Increase}} 75,720||{{Decrease}} 71,031||{{Increase}} 80,658||{{Increase}} 90,615||{{Decrease}} 90,336||{{Increase}} 101,784||{{Increase}} 108,204||{{Increase}} 114,198
|{{Increase}} 116,631||{{Increase}}121,609
|{{Increase}} 135,520 
|{{Decrease}} 134,182
|{{Increase}} 144,129
| [[Lombardy]]
|-
| {{NGA}} ||26,383||{{Increase}}31,647||{{Increase}}34,310||{{Increase}}37,733||{{Increase}}40,641|| {{Increase}}44,544|| {{Increase}}48,674|| {{Increase}}53,613||{{Decrease}}48,220||{{Increase}} 56,476||{{Increase}} 66,833||{{Increase}} 70,775||{{Increase}} 77,264||{{Increase}} 88,533||{{Increase}} 106,069
|{{Increase}} 114,096||{{Decrease}}113,049
|{{Increase}} 119,089 
|{{Increase}} 119,435
|{{Increase}} 123,646
| [[Veneto]]
|-
| {{SEN}} ||46,478||{{Increase}}53,941||{{Increase}}57,101||{{Increase}}59,857||{{Increase}}62,620||{{Increase}}67,510||{{Increase}}72,618||{{Increase}} 80,989||{{Decrease}} 73,702||{{Increase}} 80,325||{{Increase}} 90,863||{{Increase}} 93,352||{{Increase}} 98,176||{{Increase}} 101,207||{{Increase}} 105,937
|{{Decrease}}  105,227||{{Increase}}106,198
|{{Increase}} 111,092
|{{Decrease}} 110,763
|{{Increase}} 112,598
| [[Lombardy]]
|-
| {{LKA}} ||39,231||{{Increase}}45,572||{{Increase}}50,528||{{Increase}}56,745||{{Increase}}61,064||{{Decrease}}68,738||{{Increase}}75,343||{{Increase}}81,094||{{Increase}} 71,573||{{Increase}} 79,530||{{Increase}} 95,007||{{Increase}} 100,368||{{Increase}} 102,316||{{Increase}} 104,908||{{Increase}} 107,967
|{{Decrease}}  104,763||{{Increase}}107,598
|{{Increase}} 112,018 
|{{Decrease}} 108,069
|{{Increase}} 109,828
| [[Veneto]]
|-
| {{MDA}} ||24,645||{{Increase}}37,971||{{Increase}}47,632||{{Increase}}55,803||{{Increase}}68,591||{{Increase}}89,424||{{Increase}}105,600||{{Increase}}130,948||{{Increase}}132,175||{{Increase}}139,734||{{Increase}} 149,434||{{Decrease}} 143,442||{{Decrease}} 142,266||{{Decrease}} 135,661||{{Decrease}} 131,814
|{{Decrease}} 122,762||{{Decrease}}118,516
|{{Increase}} 122,667 
|{{Decrease}} 114,914
|{{Decrease}} 109,804
| [[Emilia-Romagna|Emilia Romagna]]
|-
| {{TUN}} ||68,630||{{Increase}}78,230||{{Increase}}83,564||{{Increase}}88,932||{{Increase}}93,601||{{Increase}}100,112||{{Increase}}103,678||{{Increase}}106,291||{{Decrease}}82,997||{{Increase}}88,291||{{Increase}}97,317||{{Decrease}}93,795||{{Increase}}95,645||{{Decrease}}94,064||{{Decrease}}93,795
|{{Decrease}}90,615||{{Increase}}93,350
|{{Increase}} 97,407 
|{{Increase}} 99,002
|{{Increase}} 102,422
| [[Lazio]]
|-
| {{PER}} ||43,009||{{Increase}}53,378||{{Increase}}59,269||{{Increase}}66,506||{{Increase}}70,755||{{Increase}}77,629||{{Increase}}87,747||{{Increase}}98,603||{{Decrease}}93,841||{{Increase}}99,173||{{Increase}}109,851||{{Decrease}}108,465||{{Decrease}}98,176||{{Increase}}99,110||{{Decrease}}97,379
|{{Decrease}}91,859||{{Decrease}}91,662
|{{Increase}} 96,546 
|{{Decrease}} 94,131
|{{Increase}} 98,733
| [[Lazio]]
|-
| {{POL}} ||40,314||{{Increase}}50,974||{{Increase}}60,823||{{Increase}}72,457||{{Increase}}90,218||{{Increase}}99,389||{{Increase}}106,608||{{Increase}}109,018||{{Decrease}}84,749||{{Increase}}88,839||{{Increase}}97,566||{{Decrease}}96,285||{{Increase}}97,986||{{Decrease}}97,062||{{Decrease}}95,727
|{{Decrease}}88,803||{{Decrease}}86,743
|{{Decrease}} 77,779 
|{{Decrease}} 74,981
|{{Decrease}} 74,387
| [[Lazio]]
|-
| {{ECU}} ||33,506||{{Increase}}53,220||{{Increase}}61,953||{{Increase}}68,880||{{Increase}}73,235||{{Increase}}80,070||{{Increase}}85,940||{{Increase}}91,625||{{Decrease}}80,333||{{Increase}}82,791||{{Increase}}91,861||{{Decrease}}90,680||{{Decrease}}87,427||{{Decrease}}83,120||{{Decrease}}80,377
|{{Decrease}}74,661||{{Decrease}}72,644
|{{Decrease}} 72,193 
|{{Decrease}} 66,590
|{{Decrease}} 63,211	
| [[Lombardy]]
|-
| {{BRA}} ||22,533||{{Increase}}25,823||{{Increase}}30,375||{{Increase}}34,342||{{Increase}}37,848||{{Increase}}41,476||{{Increase}}44,067||{{Increase}}46,690||{{Decrease}}37,567||{{Increase}}39,157||{{Increase}}43,202||{{Decrease}}41,972||{{Increase}}43,783||{{Increase}}45,410||{{Increase}}48,022
|{{Increase}}49,445||{{Increase}}51,790
|{{Decrease}} 50,666 
|{{Decrease}} 47,318
|{{Increase}} 51,125
| [[Lombardy]]
|-
|{{MKD}}||51,208||{{Increase}}58,460||{{Increase}}63,245||{{Increase}}74,162
|{{Increase}}78,090
|{{Increase}}89,066
|{{Increase}}92,847
|{{Decrease}}89,900
|{{Decrease}}73,972
|{{Increase}}76,608
|{{Increase}}78,424
|{{Decrease}}72,175
|{{Increase}}73,512
|{{Decrease}}67,969
|{{Decrease}}65,347
|{{Decrease}}60,581
|{{Decrease}}55,816
|{{Decrease}}55,771
|{{Decrease}}53,443
|{{Decrease}}51,090
|[[Tuscany]]
|-
| {{BUL}} ||11,467||{{Increase}}15,374||{{Increase}}17,746||{{Increase}}19,924||{{Increase}}33,477||{{Increase}}40,880|| {{Increase}}46,026|| {{Increase}}51,134||{{Decrease}}42,000||{{Increase}}47,872||{{Increase}}54,932||{{Increase}}55,759||{{Increase}}58,001||{{Increase}}58,620||{{Increase}}59,254
|{{Decrease}}56,593||{{Increase}}56,645
|{{Decrease}} 50,355 
|{{Decrease}} 49,205
|{{Increase}} 49,518
| [[Lombardy]]
|-
| {{GHA}} ||29,252||{{Increase}}32,754||{{Increase}}34,499||{{Increase}}36,540||{{Increase}}38,400||{{Increase}}42,327|| {{Increase}}44,353|| {{Increase}}46,890||{{Decrease}}44,364||{{Increase}}48,575||{{Increase}}51,602||{{Decrease}}49,961||{{Decrease}}48,637||{{Decrease}}48,138||{{Increase}}49,940
|{{Decrease}}49,797||{{Decrease}}49,543
|{{Increase}} 50,778 
|{{Decrease}} 48,280
|{{Decrease}} 47,335
| [[Emilia-Romagna|Emilia Romagna]]
|-
| {{RUS}} ||14,311||{{Increase}}17,188||{{Increase}}18,689||{{Increase}}20,459||{{Increase}}21,523||{{Increase}}23,201|| {{Increase}}25,786|| {{Increase}}30,504||{{Decrease}}28,604||{{Increase}}30,948||{{Increase}}34,483||{{Increase}}34,702||{{Increase}}35,791||{{Increase}}36,361||{{Increase}}37,384
|{{Decrease}}36,512||{{Increase}}37,424
|{{Increase}} 39,746 
|{{Decrease}} 36,982
|{{Increase}} 39,705
| [[Lombardy]]
|-
| {{KOS}}||||||||
|
|7,625
|{{Increase}}16,234
|{{Increase}}22,778
|{{Increase}}40,475
|{{Increase}}43,751
|{{Increase}}46,248
|{{Decrease}}42,550
|{{Increase}}43,091
|{{Decrease}}41,344
|{{Decrease}}40,371
|{{Decrease}}39,630
|{{Decrease}}38,645
|{{Increase}}38,860
|{{Decrease}}37,064
|{{Decrease}}36,372
|
|-
| {{GER}} ||34,664||{{Increase}}35,559||{{Increase}}36,834||{{Increase}}38,135||{{Increase}}40,163||{{Increase}}41,476||{{Increase}}42,302||{{Increase}}42,531||{{Decrease}}34,936||{{Increase}}35,576||{{Increase}}38,136||{{Decrease}}31,776||{{Increase}}36,661||{{Decrease}}36,660||{{Increase}}36,806
|{{Decrease}}35,442||{{Decrease}}35,316
|{{Decrease}} 35,091 
|{{Decrease}} 32,984
|{{Increase}} 34,003
| [[Lombardy]]
|-
| {{SRB}}||||||||
|
|57,826
|{{Decrease}}53,875
|{{Decrease}}52,954
|{{Decrease}}43,022
|{{Increase}}43,816
|{{Increase}}46,958
|{{Decrease}}41,708
|{{Increase}}42,264
|{{Decrease}}39,937
|{{Decrease}}39,690
|{{Decrease}}35,578
|{{Decrease}}33,322
|{{Decrease}}32,898
|{{Decrease}} 31,342
|{{Decrease}} 30,835
| [[Lombardy]]
|-
| {{FRA}} ||26,428||{{Increase}}26,951||{{Increase}}28,021||{{Increase}}29,205||{{Increase}}30,803||{{Increase}}32,079||{{Increase}}32,956||{{Increase}}33,400||{{Decrease}}23,985||{{Increase}}25,016||{{Increase}}29,078||{{Decrease}}27,436||{{Increase}}28,634||{{Increase}}29,281||{{Increase}}29,991
|{{Decrease}}29,008||{{Increase}}29,721
|{{Increase}} 31,354 
|{{Decrease}} 28,735
|{{Increase}} 29,942
| [[Lombardy]]
|-
| {{DOM}} ||13,904||{{Increase}}15,286||{{Increase}}16,725||{{Increase}}17,892||{{Increase}}18,591||{{Increase}}20,583|| {{Increase}}22,920|| {{Increase}}24,529||{{Decrease}}23,020||{{Increase}}25,405||{{Increase}}28,623||{{Decrease}}28,277||{{Decrease}}28,202||{{Decrease}}28,002||{{Increase}}28,451
|{{Decrease}}28,208||{{Increase}}29,111
|{{Increase}} 30,255 
|{{Decrease}} 28,812
|{{Increase}} 29,571
| [[Lombardy]]
|-
|{{Flag|Georgia}}||447||{{Increase}}569||{{Increase}}675||{{Increase}}811
|{{Increase}}1,012
|{{Increase}}1,482
|{{Increase}}2,734
|{{Increase}}6,520
|{{Increase}}7,083
|{{Increase}}9,123
|{{Increase}}12,124
|{{Increase}}13,688
|{{Increase}}14,045
|{{Increase}}14,603
|{{Increase}}15,203
|{{Decrease}}15,021
|{{Increase}}15,667
|{{Increase}}18,272
|{{Increase}}22,907
|{{Increase}}29,222
|[[Tuscany]]
|-
| {{CIV}} ||11,435||{{Increase}}13,228||{{Increase}}14,378||{{Increase}}15,637||{{Increase}}17,132||{{Increase}}19,408|| {{Increase}}21,222|| {{Increase}}22,665||{{Decrease}}20,878||{{Increase}}23,563||{{Increase}}25,953||{{Decrease}}25,174||{{Decrease}}25,056||{{Increase}}26,159||{{Increase}}30,271
|{{Increase}}31,001||{{Decrease}}30,038
|{{Decrease}} 29,673 
|{{Decrease}} 28,385
|{{Increase}} 28,559
| [[Lombardy]]
|-
| {{ESP}} ||14,019||{{Increase}}14,837||{{Increase}}15,503||{{Increase}}16,292||{{Increase}}17,354||{{Increase}}18,258|| {{Increase}}19,094|| {{Increase}}19,887||{{Decrease}}15,129||{{Increase}}17,021||{{Increase}}20,682||{{Increase}}21,001||{{Increase}}22,593||{{Increase}}23,828||{{Increase}}24,870
|{{Increase}}24,936||{{Increase}}25,954
|{{Increase}} 32,637 
|{{Decrease}} 26,417
|{{Increase}} 27,854
| [[Lombardy]]
|-
| {{GBR}} ||20,972||{{Increase}}22,318||{{Increase}}23,324||{{Increase}}24,673||{{Increase}}26,448||{{Decrease}}28,174||{{Increase}}29,184||{{Increase}}29,560||{{Decrease}}22,839||{{Increase}}23,744||{{Increase}}26,377||{{Decrease}}25,523||{{Increase}}26,634||{{Increase}}27,208||{{Increase}}28,168
|{{Decrease}}27,857||{{Increase}}29,654
|{{Increase}} 30,325 
|{{Decrease}} 28,355
|{{Decrease}} 27,758
| [[Lombardy]]
|-
| {{CUB}} ||10,149||{{Increase}}11,363||{{Increase}}12,927||{{Increase}}14,073||{{Increase}}14,581||{{Increase}}15,883||{{Increase}}16,878||{{Increase}}17,947||{{Decrease}}16,350||{{Increase}}17,538||{{Increase}}19,316||{{Increase}}19,560||{{Increase}}20,662||{{Increase}}20,986||{{Increase}}21,418
|{{Decrease}}21,417||{{Increase}}22,311
|{{Increase}}22,958 
|{{Decrease}}21,499
|{{Increase}}23,531
| [[Lombardy]]
|-
|{{Flag|El Salvador}}||4,240||{{Increase}}5,085||{{Increase}}5,509||{{Increase}}5,895
|{{Increase}}6,144
|{{Increase}}6,552
|{{Increase}}7,213
|{{Increase}}8,739
|{{Increase}}9,235
|{{Increase}}10,443
|{{Increase}}11,809
|{{Increase}}12,973
|{{Increase}}13,007
|{{Increase}}13,492
|{{Increase}}14,626
|{{Increase}}15,437
|{{Increase}}16,270
|{{Increase}}20,038
|{{Increase}}20,608
|{{Increase}}22,693
|[[Lombardy]]
|-
|{{Flag|Gambia}}||541||{{Increase}}628||{{Increase}}650||{{Increase}}676
|{{Increase}}748
|{{Increase}}825
|{{Increase}}912
|{{Increase}}1,033
|{{Decrease}}941
|{{Increase}}1,244
|{{Increase}}1,630
|{{Increase}}3,271
|{{Increase}}8,016
|{{Increase}}13,780
|{{Increase}}19,567
|{{Increase}}22,075
|{{Decrease}}21,336
|{{Increase}}22,213
|{{Decrease}}21,826
|{{Increase}}22,637	
|[[Sicily]]
|-
|{{Flag|Mali}}||547||{{Increase}}642||{{Increase}}702||{{Increase}}735
|{{Increase}}832
|{{Increase}}992
|{{Increase}}1,090
|{{Increase}}1,263
|{{Decrease}}1,252
|{{Increase}}2,946
|{{Increase}}4,470
|{{Increase}}6,098
|{{Increase}}10,369
|{{Increase}}14,768
|{{Increase}}19,134
|{{Increase}}20,078
|{{Decrease}}19,350
|{{Increase}}20,015
|{{Decrease}}20,008
|{{Increase}}21,032
|[[Campania]]
|-
|{{Flag|Colombia}}||13,989||{{Increase}}15,843||{{Increase}}16,810||{{Increase}}17,640
|{{Increase}}17,890
|{{Increase}}18,615
|{{Increase}}19,573
|{{Increase}}20,571
|{{Decrease}}17,086
|{{Increase}}17,880
|{{Increase}}19,661
|{{Decrease}}18,956
|{{Decrease}}18,777
|{{Decrease}}17,968
|{{Decrease}}17,956
|{{Decrease}}17,539
|{{Increase}}18,053
|{{Increase}}19,848
|{{Decrease}}19,025
|{{Increase}}20,856	
|[[Lombardy]]
|-
| {{BIH}} ||20,152||{{Increase}}22,436||{{Increase}}24,142||{{Increase}}26,298||{{Increase}}27,356||{{Increase}}30,124|| {{Increase}}31,341|| {{Increase}}31,972||{{Decrease}}28,015||{{Increase}}28,996||{{Increase}}29,831||{{Decrease}}28,120||{{Decrease}}27,199||{{Decrease}}25,791||{{Decrease}}25,034
|{{Decrease}}22,944||{{Decrease}}21,911
|{{Decrease}}21,442 
|{{Decrease}}21,234
|{{Decrease}}20,454
| [[Veneto]]
|-
|{{Flag|Turkey}}||9,130||{{Increase}}11,077||{{Increase}}12,359||{{Increase}}13,532
|{{Increase}}14,562
|{{Increase}}16,225
|{{Increase}}17,651
|{{Increase}}19,068
|{{Decrease}}16,354
|{{Increase}}17,711
|{{Increase}}19,951
|{{Decrease}}19,450
|{{Decrease}}19,388
|{{Decrease}}19,217
|{{Increase}}19,509
|{{Decrease}}18,780
|{{Increase}}19,168
|{{Increase}}20,999
|{{Decrease}}18,930
|{{Increase}}20,080
|[[Lombardy]]
|-
| {{ALG}} ||15,493||{{Increase}}18,736||{{Increase}}20,202||{{Increase}}21,519||{{Increase}}22,672||{{Increase}}24,387|| {{Increase}}25,449|| {{Increase}}25,935||{{Decrease}}20,725||{{Increase}}21,801||{{Increase}}23,095||{{Decrease}}21,899||{{Decrease}}21,765||{{Decrease}}20,437||{{Decrease}}19,823
|{{Decrease}}18,507||{{Decrease}}18,468
|{{Increase}}18,538 
|{{Decrease}}17,998
|{{Increase}}18,095	
| [[Campania]]
|-
|{{Flag|Afghanistan}}||172||{{Increase}}198||{{Increase}}312||{{Increase}}442
|{{Increase}}1,063
|{{Increase}}2,198
|{{Increase}}3,372
|{{Increase}}3,811
|{{Decrease}}3,512
|{{Increase}}4,813
|{{Increase}}6,635
|{{Increase}}7,330
|{{Increase}}8,574
|{{Increase}}11,224
|{{Increase}}11,738
|{{Decrease}}10,600
|{{Increase}}11,121
|{{Increase}}12,199
|{{Increase}}13,547
|{{Increase}}16,872
|[[Lazio]]
|-
|{{Flag|Iran}}||6,405||{{Increase}}6,550||{{Increase}}6,566||{{Increase}}6,850
|{{Increase}}6,913
|{{Increase}}6,983
|{{Increase}}7,106
|{{Increase}}7,444
|{{Decrease}}5,962
|{{Increase}}7,273
|{{Increase}}8,995
|{{Increase}}9,540
|{{Increase}}10,304
|{{Increase}}10,794
|{{Increase}}11,565
|{{Increase}}11,837
|{{Increase}}12,866
|{{Increase}}14,255
|{{Decrease}}14,009
|{{Increase}}16,490
|[[Lombardy]]
|-
|{{Flag|United States of America}}||14,132||{{Increase}}14,155||{{Increase}}14,433||{{Increase}}14,904
|{{Increase}}15,036
|{{Increase}}15,324
|{{Increase}}15,708
|{{Decrease}}15,620
|{{Decrease}}12,184
|{{Increase}}13,165
|{{Increase}}14,963
|{{Decrease}}14,145
|{{Increase}}14,512
|{{Increase}}14,649
|{{Increase}}15,004
|{{Decrease}}14,966
|{{Increase}}15,393
|{{Increase}}18,837
|{{Decrease}}14,496
|{{Increase}}15,582
|[[Lazio]]
|-
|{{Flag|Croatia}}||19,890||{{Increase}}20,712||{{Increase}}21,232||{{Increase}}21,360
|{{Decrease}}21,308
|{{Increase}}21,511
|{{Decrease}}21,261
|{{Decrease}}21,079
|{{Decrease}}16,708
|{{Increase}}17,051
|{{Increase}}17,999
|{{Decrease}}17,375
|{{Increase}}18,052
|{{Decrease}}17,698
|{{Decrease}}17,573
|{{Decrease}}16,591
|{{Decrease}}16,285
|{{Increase}}17,362
|{{Decrease}}15,754
|{{Decrease}}15,514
|[[Lombardy]]
|-
|{{Flag|Cameroon}}||3,682||{{Increase}}4,672||{{Increase}}5,529||{{Increase}}6,249
|{{Increase}}6,940
|{{Increase}}7,994
|{{Increase}}9,175
|{{Increase}}10,324
|{{Decrease}}8,830
|{{Increase}}10,071
|{{Increase}}11,880
|{{Increase}}12,298
|{{Increase}}12,738
|{{Increase}}13,308
|{{Increase}}14,529
|{{Increase}}15,170
|{{Increase}}15,329
|{{Increase}}15,581
|{{Decrease}}15,013
|{{Increase}}15,443
|[[Emilia-Romagna|Emilia Romagna]]
|-
|{{Flag|Argentina}}||13,174||{{Increase}}13,720||{{Increase}}13,907||{{Decrease}}13,422
|{{Decrease}}12,492
|{{Decrease}}11,842
|{{Decrease}}11,338
|{{Decrease}}11,239
|{{Decrease}}7,896
|{{Increase}}8,025
|{{Increase}}8,642
|{{Decrease}}8,179
|{{Increase}}8,270
|{{Decrease}}8,009
|{{Increase}}8,023
|{{Increase}}8,169
|{{Increase}}9,117
|{{Decrease}}9,091
|{{Increase}}10,522
|{{Increase}}14,662
|[[Lombardy]]
|-
|{{Flag|Burkina Faso}}||5,545||{{Increase}}7,012||{{Increase}}7,949||{{Increase}}8,543
|{{Increase}}8,960
|{{Increase}}10,493
|{{Increase}}11,784
|{{Increase}}13,051
|{{Decrease}}12,752
|{{Increase}}14,007
|{{Increase}}15,301
|{{Decrease}}14,797
|{{Decrease}}14,657
|{{Decrease}}14,306
|{{Increase}}14,435
|{{Decrease}}14,051
|{{Decrease}}13,979
|{{Increase}}14,236
|{{Decrease}}14,167
|{{Increase}}14,204
|[[Lombardy]]
|-
|{{Flag|Venezuela}}||4,245||{{Increase}}4,579||{{Increase}}4,913||{{Increase}}5,114
|{{Increase}}5,219
|{{Increase}}5,339
|{{Increase}}5,580
|{{Increase}}5,808
|{{Decrease}}4,787
|{{Increase}}5,138
|{{Increase}}5,506
|{{Increase}}5,594
|{{Increase}}5,849
|{{Increase}}6,327
|{{Increase}}7,347
|{{Increase}}8,981
|{{Increase}}10,316
|{{Increase}}12,135
|{{Decrease}}12,033
|{{Increase}}13,548
|[[Lombardy]]
|-
|{{Flag|Bolivia}}||2,508||{{Increase}}3,637||{{Increase}}4,127||{{Increase}}4,800
|{{Increase}}6,043
|{{Increase}}6,796
|{{Increase}}8,855
|{{Increase}}12,268
|{{Decrease}}11,774
|{{Increase}}12,357
|{{Increase}}13,919
|{{Increase}}14,384
|{{Decrease}}14,243
|{{Decrease}}14,076
|{{Decrease}}13,955
|{{Decrease}}13,277
|{{Decrease}}13,141
|{{Increase}}13,271
|{{Decrease}}12,924
|{{Increase}}12,930
|[[Lombardy]]
|-
|{{Flag|Guinea}}||1,259||{{Increase}}1,604||{{Increase}}1,813||{{Increase}}2,014
|{{Increase}}2,268
|{{Increase}}2,679
|{{Increase}}2,991
|{{Increase}}3,360
|{{Decrease}}3,297
|{{Increase}}3,896
|{{Increase}}4,371
|{{Increase}}4,425
|{{Increase}}4,928
|{{Increase}}6,897
|{{Increase}}11,240
|{{Increase}}12,728
|{{Decrease}}12,213
|{{Increase}}12,255
|{{Decrease}}11,796
|{{Increase}}11,880
|[[Lombardy]]
|-
|{{Flag|Somalia}}||5,963||{{Increase}}6,094||{{Increase}}6,249||{{Increase}}6,414
|{{Decrease}}6,237
|{{Increase}}6,663
|{{Increase}}7,728
|{{Increase}}8,112
|{{Decrease}}4,586
|{{Increase}}5,235
|{{Increase}}6,878
|{{Increase}}7,677
|{{Increase}}7,903
|{{Increase}}8,228
|{{Increase}}9,102
|{{Decrease}}8,626
|{{Decrease}}8,515
|{{Decrease}}7,629
|{{Increase}}8,370
|{{Increase}}9,349
|[[Lazio]]
|-
|{{Flag|Belarus}}||2,095||{{Increase}}2,791||{{Increase}}3,258||{{Increase}}3,767
|{{Increase}}4,265
|{{Increase}}5,062
|{{Increase}}5,952
|{{Increase}}6,975
|{{Decrease}}6,654
|{{Increase}}7,446
|{{Increase}}8,177
|{{Increase}}8,195
|{{Increase}}8,529
|{{Increase}}8,636
|{{Increase}}8,885
|{{Decrease}}8,704
|{{Increase}}8,808
|{{Increase}}9,269
|{{Decrease}}8,811
|{{Increase}}9,248
|[[Lombardy]]
|-
|{{Flag|Netherlands}}||6,787||{{Increase}}6,989||{{Increase}}7,356||{{Increase}}7,752
|{{Increase}}8,165
|{{Increase}}8,521
|{{Increase}}8,651
|{{Increase}}8,695
|{{Decrease}}7,163
|{{Increase}}7,378
|{{Increase}}7,856
|{{Decrease}}7,616
|{{Increase}}8,106
|{{Increase}}8,243
|{{Increase}}8,344
|{{Decrease}}8,184
|{{Increase}}8,283
|{{Increase}}10,092
|{{Decrease}}8,367
|{{Increase}}8,820
|[[Lombardy]]
|-
|{{Flag|Eritrea}}||4,900||{{Increase}}5,634||{{Increase}}7,090||{{Increase}}8,972
|{{Increase}}11,386
|{{Increase}}11,911
|{{Increase}}12,967
|{{Increase}}13,368
|{{Decrease}}8,074
|{{Increase}}8,752
|{{Increase}}11,187
|{{Decrease}}10,570
|{{Decrease}}9,597
|{{Decrease}}9,394
|{{Decrease}}9,343
|{{Decrease}}8,141
|{{Decrease}}8,035
|{{Decrease}}6,912
|{{Decrease}}6,575
|{{Decrease}}6,404
|
|-
| Rest of Europe ||118,159||119,870||128,299||132,310||143,602||80,381||86,342||87,261||69,066||74,661||81,868||73,734|| ||63,622||62,334
| ||66,817
|
|81,254
|84,149
|
|-
| Rest of North Africa and Western/Central Asia ||15,540||16,719||17,543||18,565||19,366||20,449||21,572||22,786||16,812||18,976||22,772||22,756|| ||44,526||47,513
| ||
|
|31,296
|34,572
|
|-
| Rest of South Asia ||266||329||426||466||514||608||701||860||787||928||1,189||1,258|| ||1,516||1,630
| ||
|
|1,729
|1,816
|
|-
| Rest of East and South-East Asia ||15,354||16,703||17,501||18,666||19,358||20,367||21,382||22,218||17,067||18,842||22,267||20,939|| ||22,895||19,877
| ||
|
|22,777
|23,840
|
|-
| Rest of Sub-Saharan Africa ||34,102||37,591||41,013||45,630||48,563||51,619||54,091||55,272||43,548||48,293||54,281||52,842|| ||52,591||54,501
| ||59,385
|
|51,002
|52,056
|
|-
| Rest of Americas ||13,066||13,954||14,713||15,492||15,716||16,567||17,324||18,746||14,517||16,023||18,317||17,643|| ||18,406||20,796
| ||
|
|20,103
|21,785
|
|-
| Europe ||904,490 (1.57%)||1,111,199 (1.92%)||1,249,605 (2.15%)||1,380,974 (2.36%)||1,771,308 (3.01%)||2,067,868 (3.50%)||2,251,635 (3.80%)||2,422,399 (4.08%)||2,134,986 (3.59%)||2,298,498 (3.82%)||2,564,208 (4.22%)||2,546,281 (4.19%)||2,601,313||2,588,451 (4.28%)||2,600,748 (4.31%)
| ||2,609,690 (4.33%)
|
|2,378,907 (4.03%)
|2,397,731 (4.06%)
|
|-
| North Africa and Western/Central Asia ||409,762 (0.71%)||479,691 (0.83%)||519,325 (0.89%)||559,104 (0.96%)||593,606 (1.01%)||647,829 (1.10%)||691,783 (1.17%)||730,833 (1.23%)||625,532 (1.05%)||666,657 (1.11%)||735,035 (1.21%)||725,703 (1.19%)||741,090||729,064 (1.21%)||735,681 (1.22%)
| ||
|
|764,636 (1.30%)
|783,766 (1.33%)
|
|-
| South Asia ||139,614 (0.24%)||171,681 (0.30%)||196,541 (0.34%)||222,817 (0.38%)||244,659 (0.42%)||284,299 (0.48%)||324,103 (0.55%)||364,972 (0.61%)||346,995 (0.58%)||387,527 (0.64%)||447,122 (0.74%)||459,072 (0.76%)||474,736||488,486 (0.81%)||507,553 (0.84%)
| ||
|
|579,022 (0.98%)
|614,036 (1.04%)
|
|-
| East and South-East Asia ||174,464 (0.30%)||211,040 (0.36%)||234,991 (0.40%)||264,888 (0.45%)||281,552 (0.48%)||304,318 (0.51%)||333,318 (0.56%)||366,306 (0.62%)||343,319 (0.58%)||382,044 (0.63%)||441,768 (0.73%)||452,432 (0.74%)||459,572||471,326 (0.78%)||478,417 (0.79%)
| ||
|
|481,990 (0.82%)
|489,804 (0.83%)
|
|-
| Sub-Saharan Africa ||170,267 (0.30%)||195,447 (0.34%)||211,283 (0.36%)||229,000 (0.39%)||244,727 (0.42%)||266,965 (0.45%)||287,605 (0.49%)||309,940 (0.52%)||270,444 (0.45%)||303,383 (0.50%)||345,249 (0.57%)||351,240 (0.58%)||369,567||397,309 (0.66%)||444,058 (0.74%)
| ||
|
|455,620 (0.77%)
|465,143 (0.79%)
|
|-
| Americas ||188,455 (0.33%)||230,043 (0.40%)||255,661 (0.44%)||278,960 (0.48%)||293,550 (0.50%)||316,676 (0.54%)||343,143 (0.58%)||372,385 (0.63%)||328,590 (0.55%)||347,095 (0.58%)||385,670 (0.63%)||380,828 (0.63%)||376,556||369,555 (0.61%)||373,354 (0.62%)
| ||
|
|368,061 (0.62%)
|388,227 (0.66%)
|
|-
| Oceania ||2,562 (<0.01%)||2,460 (<0.01%)||2,486 (<0.01%)||2,536 (<0.01%)||2,527 (<0.01%)||2,547 (<0.01%)||2,618 (<0.01%)||2,642 (<0.01%)||1,821 (<0.01%)||1,921 (<0.01%)||2,220 (<0.01%)||2,015 (<0.01%)||2,104 (<0.01%)||2,122 (<0,01%)||2,170 (<0.01%)
|2,120 (<0.01%)||2,213 (<0.01%)
|2,256 (<0.01%)
|1,859 (<0.01%)
|1,991 (<0.01%)
|
|-
| Total foreigners ||1,990,159 (3.45%)||2,402,157 (4.14%)||2,670,514 (4.59%)||2,938,922 (5.03%)||3,432,651 (5.84%)||3,891,295 (6.58%)||4,235,059 (7.14%)||4,570,317 (7.70%)||4,052,081 (6.81%)||4,387,721 (7.28%)||4,922,085 (8.10%)||5,014,437 (8.25%)||5,026,153 (8.28%)||5,047,028 (8.33%)||5,144,440 (8.51%)
|4,996,158 (8.35%)||5,039,637 (8.45%)
|5,171,894 (8.73%)
|5,030,716 (8.52%)
|5,141,341 (8.71%)
|
|-
| Italians ||55,694,841 (96.55%)||55,566,843 (95.86%)||55,473,486 (95.41%)||55,499,078 (94.97%)||55,394,349 (94.16%)||55,203,705 (93.42%)||55,041,941 (92.86%)||54,808,683 (92.30%)||55,487,919 (93.19%)||55,846,279 (92.72%)||55,866,915 (91.90%)||55,781,563 (91.75%)||55,639,847 (91.72%)||55,531,972 (91.67%)||55,339,560 (91.50%)
|54,820,515 (91.65%)||54,601,851 (91.55%)
|54,064,319 (91.27%)
|53,999,417 (91.48%)
|53,855,860 (91.26%)
|
|-
| Italy ||57,685,000||57,969,000||58,144,000||58,438,000||58,827,000||59,095,000||59,277,000||59,379,000||59,540,000||60,234,000||60,789,000||60,796,000||60,666,000||60,579,000||60,484,000
|59,816,673||59,641,488
|59,236,213
|59,030,133
|58,997,201
|
|-
|}

* Turkey has been counted as an Asian country
* Sudan and Mauritania have been counted in Sub-Saharan Africa
* Afghanistan has been counted in South Asia

== Prison population ==
According to the [[Ministry of Justice (Italy)|Ministry of Justice]], the Italian prison population in 2019 counted 60,769 and of those [[Immigration and crime in Italy|32.7% were foreigners]]. The largest groups came from Morocco (3,651), Albania (2,402), Romania (2,386), Tunisia (2,020), Nigeria (1,665).

Amongst national origins counting more than 5,000 individuals at national level, [[Algeria]], followed by [[The Gambia|Gambia]] and [[Tunisia]], had the biggest proportion of detainees (with, respectively, 25.8, 23.7 and 20.7 inmates per 1,000 residents). On the other hand, [[Japan]], [[Thailand]] and [[Philippines|the Philippines]] had the lowest proportion of inmates per 1,000 residents (respectively, 0.13, and 0.50 for both Thailand and the Philippines).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Detenuti stranieri presenti - aggiornamento al 31 dicembre 2019 |url=https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?facetNode_1=0_2&facetNode_2=0_2_10&facetNode_3=3_1_6&facetNode_4=0_2_10_3&contentId=SST238927&previsiousPage=mg_1_14 |access-date=9 November 2022 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109125706/https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?facetNode_1=0_2&facetNode_2=0_2_10&facetNode_3=3_1_6&facetNode_4=0_2_10_3&contentId=SST238927&previsiousPage=mg_1_14 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Detenuti italiani e stranieri presenti e capienze per istituto - aggiornamento al 31 dicembre 2019 |url=https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?facetNode_1=0_2&facetNode_2=0_2_10&facetNode_3=3_1_6&contentId=SST238852&previsiousPage=mg_1_14 |access-date=9 November 2022 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109125710/https://www.giustizia.it/giustizia/it/mg_1_14_1.page?facetNode_1=0_2&facetNode_2=0_2_10&facetNode_3=3_1_6&contentId=SST238852&previsiousPage=mg_1_14 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Public opinion ==
{{See also|Opposition to immigration in Europe}}
In 2018, a poll by [[Pew Research Center|Pew Research]] found that a majority (71%) wanted fewer immigrants to be allowed into the country, 18% wanted to keep the current level and 5% wanted to increase immigration.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last1=Connor |first1=Phillip |last2=Krogstad |first2=Jens Manuel |title=Many worldwide oppose more migration – both into and out of their countries |url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/12/10/many-worldwide-oppose-more-migration-both-into-and-out-of-their-countries/ |access-date=2019-01-29 |website=Pew Research Center |date=10 December 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=10 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210165415/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/12/10/many-worldwide-oppose-more-migration-both-into-and-out-of-their-countries/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

A 2019 poll by [[Yougov]] showed that 53% thought authorities should not accept more refugees from conflict areas, 25% were in favour of more refugees and 19% were undecided.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-05-13 |title=Inmigración y medio ambiente centran la inquietud de los europeos |language=es |work=El País |url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2019/05/10/actualidad/1557507327_934513.html |access-date=2019-05-14 |issn=1134-6582 |archive-date=13 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513101837/https://elpais.com/internacional/2019/05/10/actualidad/1557507327_934513.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to poll published by ''[[Corriere della Sera]]'' in 2019, one of two respondents (51%) approved closing Italy's ports to further boat migrants arriving via the Mediterranean, while 19% welcomed further boat migrants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.corriere.it/politica/19_gennaio_11/colpe-dell-emergenza-migranti-salvini-conte-dimaio-dacb3282-15e0-11e9-9cd3-6f68d3bb44a0.shtml|title=Le colpe dell'emergenza migranti? Il 60% punta il dito contro l'Europa|last=Pagnoncelli|first=Nando|date=2019-11-01|website=Corriere della Sera|language=it|access-date=2019-01-12|archive-date=12 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112212927/https://www.corriere.it/politica/19_gennaio_11/colpe-dell-emergenza-migranti-salvini-conte-dimaio-dacb3282-15e0-11e9-9cd3-6f68d3bb44a0.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2021, 77% of Italians thought the current immigrant influx was too high, as underlined by a poll published by [[La Repubblica]] and carried out by YouGov.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sondaggio YouGov sull'immigrazione: "Per il 77% degli italiani è troppo alta" |date=23 December 2021 |url=https://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2021/12/23/news/immigrazione_sondaggio_you_gov_focus_italia-331331594/ |access-date=9 November 2022 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109125703/https://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2021/12/23/news/immigrazione_sondaggio_you_gov_focus_italia-331331594/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Mediterranean Sea crossings crisis==
[[File:2015 sicily.jpg|thumb|Asylum seekers arrive in [[Sicily]], 2015. The [[Arab Spring]] and the [[Syrian Civil War|Syrian War]] created factors that led to a [[European migrant crisis|migrant crisis]] that saw hundred of thousands of boat-dwellers seeking refuge in Italy and other Mediterranean countries.]]

Due to the peninsula geographical position and close proximity to the North Africa coast, the crossing of the Mediterranean Sea has historically been the most used route for undocumented migrants. This route has become gradually more prominent, as flow through other routes to the EU gradually faded and political turmoil in Libya caused a general weakening of borders and coastal control, opening opportunities to people smuggling organisations.

The principal destination for sea crossings boats and rafts are the [[May 2007 Malta migrant shipwreck|southernmost]] Italian territories, the [[Pelagie Islands]]. These islands are 113&nbsp;km from Tunisia, 167 from Libya and 207 from Sicily.

The close distance between these islands and the African mainland has caused people smuggling organisations to employ boats and rafts otherwise hardly seaworthy, generally vastly filled above their capacity. Official reports list boats filled up to 2 or 3 times nominal capacity, including the use of rubber dinghies. This has led to several accidents at sea, as in [[May 2007 Malta migrant shipwreck|2007]], the [[2009 Mediterranean Sea migrant shipwreck|2009]], the [[2011 Mediterranean Sea migrant shipwreck|2011]], the [[2013 Lampedusa migrant shipwreck|2013]], [[April 2015 Mediterranean Sea migrant shipwrecks|2015]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21606301-more-horrific-deaths-mediterranean-tidal-wave |title=Italy's illegal immigrants: Tidal wave |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date=5 July 2014 |access-date=1 September 2017 |archive-date=25 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025075109/https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21606301-more-horrific-deaths-mediterranean-tidal-wave |url-status=live }}</ref> These accidents have become harder to document between 2014 and 2017, as people smuggling organisations changed their tactics: instead of aiming for a full crossing of the sea towards Lampedusa, their boats aimed just to exit Libyan territorial waters and then trigger rescue operation from passing mercantile vessels, seek and rescue organisations, Italian and Maltese coastguards and militaries. As per the United Nations Convention of the Sea, of which Italy is a subscriber, people rescued at sea have to be transported to the closest safe harbor: as Libya continues to be in political turmoil this means they are transported to Italy.

Once in Italy, the EU [[Dublin Regulation]] requires migrants to apply for legal residence, protection or asylum permits in the first EU country they cross into, effectively barring them from legally crossing internal EU borders until their case has been processed and positively concluded. As the vast majority of migrant people landing in Italy targets destinations in Central and Northern European States, there is a tendency to avoid filing permits applications in Italy and rather try a northwards land journey.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Grant |first1=Harriet |last2=Domokos |first2=John |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/oct/07/dublin-regulation-european-asylum-seekers |title=Dublin regulation leaves asylum seekers with their fingers burnt |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=7 October 2011 |access-date=14 December 2016 |archive-date=23 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023104355/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/oct/07/dublin-regulation-european-asylum-seekers |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Refugees and migrants arriving in Italy by sea, 1997–2021.png|thumb|Refugees and migrants arriving in Italy by sea, 1997–2021<ref>{{cite web|title=Migranti, gli sbarchi in Italia dal 1997 al 2022: i dati del Viminale|url=https://tg24.sky.it/cronaca/approfondimenti/sbarchi-migranti-italia#13|publisher=Fondazione Ismu|access-date=9 November 2022|archive-date=9 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109125704/https://tg24.sky.it/cronaca/approfondimenti/sbarchi-migranti-italia#13|url-status=live}}</ref>]]
As a reaction to the gradual increase in migration flows through the Mediterranean Sea, Italian governments stepped up cooperation with Tunisian and Libyan authorities to halt activities of people smuggling organisation on land, as well as to allow boats rescued from the Italian Military in international waters to be towed back to the port where they left from. This policy, enacted in 2004 and 2005, sparked controversies related in particular to the compatibility with Italian and EU laws, as numerous reports documented acts of violence from Libyan authorities on migrant people. The policy was openly criticised by the EU Parliament.<ref>[http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+TA+P6-TA-2005-0138+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN  European Parliament resolution on Lampedusa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301170111/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-%2F%2FEP%2F%2FTEXT+TA+P6-TA-2005-0138+0+DOC+XML+V0%2F%2FEN |date=1 March 2017 }}, 14 April 2005</ref>

In 2008, [[Silvio Berlusconi|Berlusconi]]'s government in Italy and [[Muammar Gaddafi|Gaddafi]]'s government in Libya signed a treaty including cooperation between the two countries in stopping unlawful migration from Libya to Italy; this led to a policy of forcibly returning to Libya boat migrants intercepted by the Italian coast guard at sea.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pushed Back, Pushed Around|url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2009/09/21/pushed-back-pushed-around/italys-forced-return-boat-migrants-and-asylum-seekers|publisher=Human Rights Watch|date=21 September 2009|access-date=10 March 2016|archive-date=8 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608213123/https://www.hrw.org/report/2009/09/21/pushed-back-pushed-around/italys-forced-return-boat-migrants-and-asylum-seekers|url-status=live}}</ref> The cooperation collapsed following the outbreak of the [[Libyan Civil War (2011)|Libyan civil war]] in 2011. In 2012 the [[European Court of Human Rights]] ruled that Italy had violated the [[European Convention on Human Rights]] by returning migrants to Libya, as it exposed the migrants to the risk of being subjected to [[European Convention on Human Rights#Article 3 – torture|ill-treatment]] in Libya and violated the prohibition of [[European Convention on Human Rights#Protocol 4 – civil imprisonment, free movement, expulsion|collective expulsions]].,<ref>{{cite web|title=Italy: 'Historic' European Court judgment upholds migrants' rights|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2012/02/italy-historic-european-court-judgment-upholds-migrants-rights/|publisher=Amnesty International|date=23 February 2012|access-date=10 March 2016|archive-date=10 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310190152/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2012/02/italy-historic-european-court-judgment-upholds-migrants-rights/|url-status=live}}</ref> thus effectively ending the policy.
[[File:P31 L.É. Eithne Operations 28 June 2015.jpg|thumb|Rescued male migrants are brought to southern Italian ports, 28 June 2015]]
In 2009, as the flow of migrants picked up again, the overcrowded conditions at the Pelagie Islands' temporary immigrant reception centre came under criticism by the [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)]]. The unit, which was originally built for a maximum capacity of 850 people, was reported to be housing nearly 2,000 [[boat people]]. A significant number of people were sleeping outdoors under plastic sheeting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/news/NEWS/497991064.html|title=News|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|access-date=5 February 2016|archive-date=8 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108222930/http://www.unhcr.org/news/NEWS/497991064.html/|url-status=live}}</ref> A fire started as an inmate riot destroyed a large portion of the holding facility on 19 February 2009.

In 2011, as [[Arab Spring|Arab Spring rebellions]] in [[Tunisian revolution|Tunisia]] and [[2011 Libyan civil war|Libya]] disrupted government control over borders and coasts, by May 2011, more than 35,000 immigrants had arrived on the island of Lampedusa from Tunisia and Libya.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://af.reuters.com/article/libyaNews/idAFLDE74D02Z20110514 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517012227/http://af.reuters.com/article/libyaNews/idAFLDE74D02Z20110514 | url-status=dead | archive-date=17 May 2011 | work=Reuters | title=Hundreds more migrants reach Italy from Africa | date=14 May 2011}}</ref> By the end of August, 48,000 had arrived.<ref name="as1">{{cite web|url=https://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/World/Story/A1Story20110826-296417.html|title=Gaddafi planned to turn Italian island into migrant hell|publisher=AsiaOne|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927221510/http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/World/Story/A1Story20110826-296417.html|archive-date=27 September 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> 
As migration and asylum policies are exclusive responsibilities of each member State, the increased migration pressure at the EU Southern border sparked tensions between EU States on how to differentiate between people migrating due to economic reasons, which in principle are regarded as unlawful immigrants and thus are forced to leave or deported, and people fleeing violence or persecution for religious, sexual orientation, political reasons, who can be granted asylum rights.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/canadianpress/article/ALeqM5jYWyqZanCi2M7i3Z_qsl0FmHlBkA?docId%3D6562488|title= Canadian Press |access-date=2016-02-26 |df=dmy }}{{dead link|date=June 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> As the Libyan authoritarian governments struggled to keep control of the country, it allowed an increase in northbound migrant flows as a tactic to pressure Italy and the EU not to militarily intervene in the country, as Gaddafi feared his regime would be overthrown.<ref name="as1"/>

Some Italian towns and cities disobeyed instructions from the national government to house migrants.<ref name=Legorno>{{cite news |last1=Legorno |first1=Giovanni |title=Italian Towns Push Back on Growing Burden of Europe's Migrant Crisis |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/italian-towns-push-back-on-growing-burden-of-europes-migrant-crisis-1430085784 |access-date=18 August 2015 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=28 April 2015 |archive-date=18 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818060144/http://www.wsj.com/articles/italian-towns-push-back-on-growing-burden-of-europes-migrant-crisis-1430085784 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Mafia Capitale investigation]] revealed that the [[Organized crime in Italy|Italian Mafia]] profited from the migrant crisis and exploited refugees.<ref>"[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0d0371d0-31f4-11e5-8873-775ba7c2ea3d.html Italy's Mafia learns to profit from the migration crisis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118031149/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0d0371d0-31f4-11e5-8873-775ba7c2ea3d.html |date=18 November 2015 }}". ''[[Financial Times]]''. 24 July 2015</ref><ref>"[http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/latenightlive/how-the-mafia-profits-from-the-mediterranean-migrant-crisis/6573084 'Bigger than drugs': how the Mafia profits from the Mediterranean migrant crisis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009192908/http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/latenightlive/how-the-mafia-profits-from-the-mediterranean-migrant-crisis/6573084 |date=9 October 2017 }}". ABC News. 29 June 2015</ref> The [[murder of Ashley Ann Olsen]] in her Italian apartment by an illegal immigrant from [[Senegal]] rapidly acquired political significance in the context of the European migrant crisis. The police chief of [[Florence]] addressed safety concerns and "assur[ed] the public that Florence remained safe" in the wake of the Olsen murder.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pianigiani |first1=Gaia |title=Italy Arrests Suspect in Death of American Woman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/15/world/europe/ashley-ann-olsen-italy-arrest.html |work=New York Times |date=14 January 2016 |access-date=2019-12-31 |archive-date=28 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828203933/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/15/world/europe/ashley-ann-olsen-italy-arrest.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Messina1.jpg|thumb|[[Eritrea]]n migrants in [[Messina]], October 2015]]
Since 2014, thousands of migrants have tried every month to cross the Central Mediterranean to Italy, risking their lives on unsafe boats including fishing trawlers.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/24/libyas-people-smugglers-how-will-they-catch-us-theyll-soon-move-on |title=Libya's people smugglers: inside the trade that sells refugees hopes of a better life &#124; World news |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=2018-06-28 |archive-date=28 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828203933/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/24/libyas-people-smugglers-how-will-they-catch-us-theyll-soon-move-on |url-status=live }}</ref> Many of them were fleeing poverty-stricken homelands or war-torn countries and sought economic opportunity within the EU.<ref name="Boatsform Libya">{{cite news |last1=Scammell |first1=Rosie |title=Mediterranean migrant crisis: number of arrivals in Italy in 2015 passes 50,000 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/07/mediterranean-migrant-arrivals-italy-passes-50000 |access-date=14 August 2015 |work=The Guardian |date=7 June 2015 |archive-date=15 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815114523/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/07/mediterranean-migrant-arrivals-italy-passes-50000 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/11549216/The-EU-migrant-crisis-explained-in-90-seconds.html |title=Video: The EU migrant crisis explained in 90 seconds – Telegraph |date=22 April 2015 |work=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=28 August 2015 |location=London |first=Joe |last=Daunt |archive-date=25 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825032141/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/11549216/The-EU-migrant-crisis-explained-in-90-seconds.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Italy, and, in particular, its southern island of [[Lampedusa]], received enormous numbers of Africans and Middle-Easterners transported by smugglers and NGOs operating along the ungoverned coast of the [[failed state]] of Libya.<ref name="Boatsform Libya" /><ref name=MappingBBC>{{cite news |title=Mapping Mediterranean migration |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-24521614 |access-date=14 August 2015 |publisher=BBC |date=15 September 2014 |archive-date=27 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150827042009/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-24521614 |url-status=live }}</ref>

There were 153,842 Mediterranean sea arrivals to Italy in 2015, 9 percent less than the previous year; most of the refugees and migrants came from [[Eritrea]], [[Nigeria]], and [[Somalia]], whereas the number of Syrian refugees sharply decreased, as most of them took the Eastern Mediterranean route from Turkey to Greece.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.libertaciviliimmigrazione.interno.it/dipim/site/it/documentazione/statistiche/servizi_civili/2016/1_2016_Statistiche_2015_sbarchix_esiti_domande_di_asilo_e_posti_in_strutture_accoglienza.html |title=Statistiche immigrazione |publisher=Italian Ministry of the Interior |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328233432/http://www.libertaciviliimmigrazione.interno.it/dipim/site/it/documentazione/statistiche/servizi_civili/2016/1_2016_Statistiche_2015_sbarchix_esiti_domande_di_asilo_e_posti_in_strutture_accoglienza.html |archive-date=28 March 2016 }}</ref>

The first three months of 2016 saw an increase in the number of migrants rescued at sea being brought to southern Italian ports.<ref>"[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-eu-idUSKCN0XA1EO EU sees 'alarming' migrant buildup in Libya, warns Italy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828190832/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-eu-idUSKCN0XA1EO |date=28 August 2021 }}". Reuters. 13 April 2016.</ref><ref>"[https://www.wsj.com/articles/eu-wants-austria-to-explain-threat-to-close-border-with-italy-1460719198 Tensions Mount Between Austria and Italy as Migrant Numbers Rise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828175445/https://www.wsj.com/articles/eu-wants-austria-to-explain-threat-to-close-border-with-italy-1460719198 |date=28 August 2021 }}". ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''. 15 April 2016.</ref><ref>"[http://navaltoday.com/2016/03/17/german-warship-rescues-615-from-the-mediterranean/ German warship rescues 615 from the Mediterranean] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729191141/https://www.navaltoday.com/2016/03/17/german-warship-rescues-615-from-the-mediterranean/ |date=29 July 2021 }}". ''Naval Today.'' 17 March 2016.</ref> In April 2016, nearly 6,000 mostly sub-Saharan African migrants landed in Italy in four days.<ref>"[http://qz.com/663014/photos-in-the-last-four-days-6000-migrants-have-arrived-to-sicily-by-boat-from-libya/ In the last four days, 6,000 migrants have arrived in Sicily by boat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828190237/https://qz.com/663014/photos-in-the-last-four-days-6000-migrants-have-arrived-to-sicily-by-boat-from-libya/ |date=28 August 2021 }}". ''[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]].'' 16 April 2016.</ref> In June 2016, over 10,000 migrants were rescued in four days.<ref name="DW">"[http://www.dw.com/en/italian-coastguard-and-navy-rescue-3300-migrants-off-coast-of-libya/a-19358699 Italian coastguard and navy rescue 3,300 migrants off coast of Libya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225072745/http://www.dw.com/en/italian-coastguard-and-navy-rescue-3300-migrants-off-coast-of-libya/a-19358699 |date=25 February 2021 }}". ''[[Deutsche Welle]]''. 27 June 2016.</ref> In 2016, 181,100 migrants arrived in Italy by sea.<ref>"[https://www.thelocal.it/20170106/italys-boat-migrant-numbers-surged-20-in-2016 Italy boat migrant numbers surge 20% in 2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803045714/https://www.thelocal.it/20170106/italys-boat-migrant-numbers-surged-20-in-2016/ |date=3 August 2021 }}". ''[[The Local]]''. 6 January 2017.</ref>

In April 2017, more than 8,000 migrants were rescued near Libya and brought to Italy in three days.<ref>"[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/04/18/8000-migrants-rescued-mediterranean-brought-italy-easter-long/ More than 8,000 migrants rescued in Mediterranean and brought to Italy over Easter long weekend ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828175449/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/04/18/8000-migrants-rescued-mediterranean-brought-italy-easter-long/ |date=28 August 2021 }}". ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. 18 April 2017.</ref> From January to November 2017, approximately 114,600 migrants arrived in Italy by sea.<ref>"[http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/north-africa/2017/11/23/Italy-says-1-100-migrants-from-Libyan-coast-rescued-in-one-day.html Italy: 1,100 migrants rescued from Libyan coast in one day] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109011934/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/north-africa/2017/11/23/Italy-says-1-100-migrants-from-Libyan-coast-rescued-in-one-day.html |date=9 November 2020 }}". Al Arabiya. 23 November 2017.</ref> Approximately 5,000 African migrants were rescued in waters off the coast of Libya between 18 and 20 May 2017.<ref>"[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/05/5000-refugees-rescued-route-italy-libya-170520134511012.html 5,000 refugees rescued on route to Italy from Libya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200908031719/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/05/5000-refugees-rescued-route-italy-libya-170520134511012.html |date=8 September 2020 }}". Al Jazeera. 20 May 2017.</ref>

Since 2013, Italy took in over 700,000 migrants,<ref>{{cite web |title=What will Italy's new government mean for migrants? |url=https://www.thelocal.it/20180521/what-will-italys-new-government-mean-for-migrants |website=The Local |date=21 May 2018 |access-date=28 August 2021 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401231010/https://www.thelocal.it/20180521/what-will-italys-new-government-mean-for-migrants |url-status=live }}</ref> mainly from sub-Saharan Africa.<ref>{{cite news |title=African migrants fear for future as Italy struggles with surge in arrivals |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-migrants-africa/african-migrants-fear-for-future-as-italy-struggles-with-surge-in-arrivals-idUSKBN1A30QD |work=Reuters |date=18 July 2017 |access-date=28 August 2021 |archive-date=2 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402002627/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-migrants-africa/african-migrants-fear-for-future-as-italy-struggles-with-surge-in-arrivals-idUSKBN1A30QD |url-status=live }}</ref>

In September 2023, Boats, carrying roughly 7,000 migrants—more than the total population of [[Lampedusa]]—arrived on the island within the span of 24 hours.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-15 |title=What's behind the surge in migrant arrivals to Italy? |url=https://apnews.com/article/migration-italy-lampedusa-3b47cdacb91c2d72f99b11aa396a6d59 |access-date=2023-09-16 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20230914-around-7-000-migrants-arrive-on-italy-s-lampedusa-island-in-past-two-days | title=Around 7,000 migrants arrive on Italy's Lampedusa island in past two days | date=14 September 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/15/europe/italy-lampedusa-migrant-crisis-intl/index.html | title=7,000 people arrive on Italian island of 6,000 as migrant crisis overwhelms Lampedusa | website=[[CNN]] | date=15 September 2023 }}</ref> 

In 2023, 155,754 migrants arrived in Italy, up from 103,846 in 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://etias.com/articles/italy-migrant-surge-2023#:~:text=According%20to%20data%20disclosed%20on,25%2C673%20people%20reaching%20Italian%20shores. | title=Italy Witnesses 50% Surge in Migrant Arrivals in 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/54260/italy-reports-50-increase-in-migrant-landings-in-2023 | title=Italy reports 50% increase in migrant landings in 2023 | date=3 January 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://europeanconservative.com/articles/news/europes-open-back-door-italian-migration-up-50-in-2023/ | title=Europe's Open Back Door: Italian Migration up 50% in 2023 | date=4 January 2024 }}</ref>

==Controversies regarding NGOs==
After 2015, as an increased use of unseaworthy vessels by people smuggling organisations caused a marked increase in accidents at sea involving loss of lives, several European NGOs have started [[List of ships for the rescue of refugees in the Mediterranean Sea|seek and rescue operations]] in close coordination with Italian Navy and coast guard units. These operations often happen close to Libyan territorial waters at the same time in order not to unlawfully enter Libyan jurisdictions and yet ensure migrants' safety. As per [[UNCLOS]], rescued people are brought to the closer safe harbor, which is in most cases on Italian shore. This effectively means NGOs vessels are covering most of the distance between Libyan and Italian coast.
Right-wing Italian newspapers and activists picked on that to make various claims, among which that [[NGO]]s active in migrants' assistance and rescue at sea would reap financial profits from their collaboration with the Italian authorities,<ref name="De Lorenzo">{{cite news | url=http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/cronache/ecco-i-conti-segreti-delle-coop-ricche-grazie-ai-migranti-1418973.html | work=ilgiornale.it | first=Giuseppe | last=De Lorenzo | title=Le 15 coop dalle "uova d'oro": 100 milioni lucrati sui profughi | date=12 July 2017 | access-date=12 July 2017 | archive-date=14 July 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714235944/http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/cronache/ecco-i-conti-segreti-delle-coop-ricche-grazie-ai-migranti-1418973.html | url-status=live }}</ref> or that some NGOs are part of unlawful people smuggling operations in coordination with operatives on Libyan coast, and funded by international criminal groups and financial institutions interested in developing political turmoil in Italy.<ref name="ilgiornale.it">{{cite news | url=http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/politica/nomi-finanziatori-e-intrighi-ecco-tutti-i-segreti-delle-navi-1388158.html | work=ilgiornale.it | title=Nomi, finanziatori e intrighi. Ecco tutti i segreti delle navi Ong | date=10 July 2017 | access-date=12 July 2017 | archive-date=16 July 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716100508/http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/politica/nomi-finanziatori-e-intrighi-ecco-tutti-i-segreti-delle-navi-1388158.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
The Italian Parliament investigated these claims and has found them to be unsubstantiated, with no further actions.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.senato.it/japp/bgt/showdoc/frame.jsp?tipodoc=SommComm&leg=17&id=1022634 | work=Senato.it | title=DOCUMENTO CONCLUSIVO APPROVATO DALLA COMMISSIONE SULL'INDAGINE CONOSCITIVA SUL CONTRIBUTO DEI MILITARI ITALIANI AL CONTROLLO DEI FLUSSI MIGRATORI NEL MEDITERRANEO E L'IMPATTO DELLE ATTIVITA' DELLE ORGANIZZAZIONI NON GOVERNATIVE (Doc. XVII, n. 9) | date=16 May 2017 | access-date=26 July 2017 | archive-date=25 June 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625094123/http://www.senato.it/japp/bgt/showdoc/frame.jsp?tipodoc=SommComm&leg=17&id=1022634 | url-status=live }}</ref> Regardless of this, right-wing newspapers have continued campaigning against Italian and foreign NGOs.
[[File:Aquarius-Karte prov.jpg|thumb|This map shows the journey of ''[[Aquarius Dignitus]]'' in June 2018, which was refused to dock in Malta and Italy before being granted access by the recently installed left-wing government in Spain.<ref>{{cite news |title=Aquarius in Valencia: Spain welcomes migrants from disputed ship |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-44510002 |access-date=21 May 2020 |publisher=BBC News |date=17 June 2018 |archive-date=23 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623030826/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-44510002 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]

In August 2017 the ship "Iuventa" operated by the German NGO "[[Jugend Rettet]]" (youth to the rescue) was impounded on the island of [[Lampedusa]] on the order of an Italian prosecutor on suspicion of facilitating illegal immigration. Jugend Rettet is one of the six out of nine NGOs which refused to sign a new code of conduct by the Italian government covering migrant rescues in the Mediterranean. The prosecutor alleged that there were "contacts, meetings and understandings" between the boat's crew and the smugglers. No crew members from the "Iuventa" had been charged and the prosecutor admitted that their motive was likely humanitarian.<ref name="dw.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.dw.com/en/italy-impounds-german-ngo-migrant-rescue-ship-lawmakers-boost-support-for-libyan-coastguard/a-39940881|work=DW|title=Italy impounds German NGO migrant rescue ship, lawmakers boost support for Libyan coastguard|date=2 August 2017|access-date=5 August 2017|archive-date=6 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806030744/http://www.dw.com/en/italy-impounds-german-ngo-migrant-rescue-ship-lawmakers-boost-support-for-libyan-coastguard/a-39940881|url-status=live}}</ref> (Five out of eight refused to sign the new code of conduct, according to a Guardian article, the others refusing to sign being MSF, the Germany groups Sea-Watch, Sea-Eye and Jugend Rettet, and France's SOS Mediterranée '[all of whom] abstained'. 'MSF, SOS Mediterranée and Jugend Rettet... called for clarification of the rules' while MOAS and Spanish group Proactiva Open Arms agreed to the conditions, and Save the Children 'backed the measures'.)<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/31/aid-groups-snub-italian-code-conduct-mediterranean-rescues Reuters in Rome, 31 July 2017 "Aid groups snub Italian code of conduct on Mediterranean rescues: Five of eight groups operating migrant rescue ships refuse to agree to new measures, citing concerns over operational effectiveness and neutrality" at theguardian.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906163308/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/31/aid-groups-snub-italian-code-conduct-mediterranean-rescues |date=6 September 2017 }} Accessed 24 October 2017</ref>

The [[Conte I Cabinet]], influenced by hard-line Interior Minister [[Matteo Salvini]], refused to let migrant ships dock in its waters. On 10 June 2018, Salvini announced the closure of Italian [[ports]], stating that "Everyone in [[Europe]] is doing their own business, now Italy is also raising its head. Let's stop the business of illegal immigration."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lastampa.it/2018/06/11/italia/migranti-litalia-sfida-malta-salvini-chiudiamo-i-porti-bVoFCfoAr11187cT5qJ4rL/pagina.html|title=Migranti, l'Italia sfida Malta. Salvini: chiudiamo i porti|website=LaStampa.it|date=11 June 2018|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402014651/https://www.lastampa.it/2018/06/11/italia/migranti-litalia-sfida-malta-salvini-chiudiamo-i-porti-bVoFCfoAr11187cT5qJ4rL/pagina.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The vessel ''[[Aquarius (NGO ship)|Aquarius]]'', which is operated jointly by ''[[Médecins Sans Frontières]]'' and ''[[SOS Méditerranée]]'' and carried more than 600 migrants, was refused a port of disembarkation by the Italian authorities despite having been told to rescue the migrants by the same co-ordination centre. The Italian authority told the vessel to ask [[Malta]] to provide a disembarkation port, but Malta has also refused.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/italy-shuts-ports-to-rescue-ship-carrying-over-600-migrants-11401125|title=Malta and Spain offer safe port to stranded migrant ship|website=Sky News|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=23 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723093832/https://news.sky.com/story/italy-shuts-ports-to-rescue-ship-carrying-over-600-migrants-11401125|url-status=live}}</ref> On the following day, the new Spanish Prime Minister [[Pedro Sánchez (politician)|Pedro Sánchez]] accepted the disputed migrant ship.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-44441386|title=Spain to accept disputed migrant ship|date=12 June 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=21 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821053624/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-44441386|url-status=live}}</ref> On 12 June 2019, the ''Sea Watch 3'' ship picked up 53 migrants in the Mediterranean off the Libyan coast. ''Sea Watch 3'' rejected an offer to dock at [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]], which is considered unsafe by humanitarian organizations, and headed toward Lampedusa. According to a report by the ''[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]]'' and NGOs this was the nearest safe harbor per [[maritime law]]. On 14 June, Italy closed its ports to migrant rescue ships. Salvini refused to allow the ship to dock until other European nations had agreed to take the migrants. Ten of the migrants, including children, pregnant women, and those who were ill, were allowed to disembark. On 29 June, without authorization, ship's captain [[Carola Rackete]] decided to dock. The motivation for this was that according to her the passengers were exhausted. Rackete was arrested by the Italian authorities after docking. Matteo Salvini accused Rackete of trying to sink an Italian patrol boat that was attempting to intercept her, calling the incident an act of war and demanding the [[Netherlands]] government intervention. However, on 2 July, Rackete was released from house arrest after a court ruling that she had broken no laws and acted to protect passengers' safety.<ref name="EURONEWS3jul2019">{{cite web |title=Sea Watch captain Carola Rackete released, but controversy rages on |url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/07/03/sea-watch-captain-carola-rackete-released-but-controversy-rages-on |website=EuroNews |date=3 July 2019 |access-date=4 July 2019 |archive-date=10 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710174156/https://www.euronews.com/2019/07/03/sea-watch-captain-carola-rackete-released-but-controversy-rages-on |url-status=live }}</ref>

In August 2019, Salvini announced a motion of no confidence against Prime Minister Conte, after growing tensions within the majority.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/Salvini-Subito-in-Aula-poi-le-elezioni-Conte-Dovra-spiegare-le-ragioni-della-crisi-648408f5-df6c-49f8-bf6d-a73532bd60ab.html|title=La Lega presenta al Senato una mozione di sfiducia a Conte. M5S attacca Salvini: "Giullare"|website=rainews|date=9 August 2019 |access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=20 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183327/http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/Salvini-Subito-in-Aula-poi-le-elezioni-Conte-Dovra-spiegare-le-ragioni-della-crisi-648408f5-df6c-49f8-bf6d-a73532bd60ab.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Salvini's alleged gambit failed, as Conte successfully negotiated the formation of a [[Conte II Cabinet|new cabinet]] with centre-left [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]], which completely changed the immigration policy of the previous government,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pagellapolitica.it/articoli/migranti-tutta-la-disinformazione-politica-del-2020|title=Migranti: tutta la disinformazione politica del 2020|access-date=31 May 2022|language=it|archive-date=25 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625230858/https://pagellapolitica.it/articoli/migranti-tutta-la-disinformazione-politica-del-2020|url-status=live}}</ref> returning to receive NGO ships in Italian ports.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/politica/leuropa-gi-volta-spalle-conte-sui-migranti-1753870.html|title=L'Europa già volta le spalle a Conte sui migranti|date=16 September 2019|access-date=31 May 2022|language=it|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531174359/https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/politica/leuropa-gi-volta-spalle-conte-sui-migranti-1753870.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Italian naval mission to Libyan waters ==
On 2 August 2017, Italy's parliament authorized a limited naval mission to [[Libya]]n waters aimed at supporting the country's coastguard in the fight against illegal migration. Italy sent two patrol boats at the request of the [[Government of National Accord|UN-backed government in Tripoli]] and insisted it had no intention of violating Libyan sovereignty. However, General [[Khalifa Haftar]], who controls most of eastern Libya, threatened to use his own forces to repel the Italians.<ref name="dw.com"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/03/libyan-military-strongman-threatens-italian-ships-trying-stop/|work=The Telegraph|title=Libyan military strongman threatens Italian ships trying to stop flow of migrants|date=3 August 2017|access-date=5 April 2018|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201193703/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/03/libyan-military-strongman-threatens-italian-ships-trying-stop/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Comparison with other European Union countries 2023 ==
According to [[Eurostat]] 59.9 million people lived in the [[European Union]] in 2023 who were born outside their resident country. This corresponds to 13.35% of the total EU population. Of these, 31.4 million (9.44%) were born outside the EU and 17.5 million (3.91%) were born in another EU member state.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population on 1 January by age group, sex and country of birth |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_pop3ctb__custom_12073365/default/table?lang=en |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=ec.europa.eu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population on 1 January by age, sex and group of country of birth |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_pop4ctb__custom_12073348/default/table?lang=en |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=ec.europa.eu}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Country
! Total population (1000)
! Total Foreign-born (1000)
! %
! Born in other EU state (1000)
! %
! Born in a non EU state (1000)
! %
|-
|EU 27
|448,754
|59,902
|13.3
|17,538
|3.9
|31,368
|6.3
|-
|[[Germany]]
|84,359
|16,476
|19.5
|6,274
|7.4
|10,202
|12.1
|-
|[[France]]
|68,173
|8,942
|13.1
|1,989
|2.9
|6,953
|10.2
|-
|[[Spain]]
|48,085
|8,204
|17.1
|1,580
|3.3
|6,624
|13.8
|-
|'''Italy'''
|'''58,997'''
|'''6,417'''
|'''10.9'''
|'''1,563'''
|'''2.6'''
|'''4,854'''
|'''8.2'''
|-
|[[Netherlands]]
|17,811
|2,777
|15.6
|748
|4.2
|2,029
|11.4
|-
|[[Greece]]
|10,414
|1,173
|11.3
|235
|2.2
|938
|9.0
|-
|[[Sweden]]
|10,522
|2,144
|20.4
|548
|5.2
|1,596
|15.2
|-
|[[Austria]]
|9,105
|1,963
|21.6
|863
|9.5
|1,100
|12.1
|-
|[[Belgium]]
|11,743
|2,247
|19.1
|938
|8.0
|1,309
|11.1
|-
|[[Portugal]]
|10,467
|1,684
|16.1
|378
|3.6
|1,306
|12.5
|-
|[[Denmark]]
|5,933
|804
|13.6
|263
|4.4
|541
|9.1
|-
|[[Finland]]
|5,564
|461
|8.3
|131
|2.4
|330
|5.9
|-
|[[Poland]]
|36,754
|933
|2.5
|231
|0.6
|702
|1.9
|-
|[[Czech Republic]]
|10,828
|764
|7.1
|139
|1.3
|625
|5.8
|-
|[[Hungary]]
|9,600
|644
|6.7
|342
|3.6
|302
|3.1
|-
|[[Romania]]
|19,055
|530
|2.8
|202
|1.1
|328
|1.7
|-
|[[Slovakia]]
|5,429
|213
|3.9
|156
|2.9
|57
|1.0
|-
|[[Bulgaria]]
|6,448
|169
|2.6
|58
|0.9
|111
|1.7
|-
|[[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
|5,271
|1,150
|21.8
|348
|6.6
|802
|15.2
|-
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Italy}}
*[[Immigration detention in Italy]]
*[[2015 Mediterranean migration crisis]]
*[[List of countries by foreign-born population]]
*[[Movies about immigration to Italy]]
*[[Lampedusa immigrant reception center]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==

{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* Cusumano, Eugenio, and Kristof Gombeer. "In deep waters: The legal, humanitarian and political implications of closing Italian ports to migrant rescuers." ''Mediterranean Politics'' 25.2 (2020): 245–253. [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13629395.2018.1532145?needAccess=true& online]

{{Immigration to Italy}}
{{Immigration to Europe}}
{{Italy topics}}
{{European migrant crisis}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Immigration to Italy}}
[[Category:Immigration to Italy| ]]
[[Category:Demographics of Italy]]