View source for Immigration to Chile

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'''Immigration to Chile''' has contributed to the [[Demographics of Chile|demographics]] and the [[History of Chile|history]] of this [[South America]]n nation. [[Chile]] is a country whose inhabitants are mainly of [[Iberian Peninsula|Iberian]], mostly of [[Andalusians|Andalusian]] and [[Basques|Basque]] origin,<ref name="Oyanguren, Vascos, 27%">Pedro Oyanguren (2000): [https://web.archive.org/web/20110927112527/http://www.euskonews.com/0072zbk/gaia7204es.html De los vascos en Chile y sus instituciones]. Centro Vasco Euzko Etxea. Vasco Euskonews & Media, año 2000. Consultado el 20 de diciembre de 2019.</ref> and [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]], mostly descended from [[Mapuche|Mapuche peoples]].<ref name=F-G-Gil>{{cite book|title=El Sistema político de Chile|year=1969|publisher=Editorial Andrés Bello|author=Federico Guillermo Gil|pages=32–33|location=Santiago de Chile|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yxfQVC9E1xEC&pg=PA32|language=es}}</ref> A moderate numbers of [[European emigration|European immigrants]] settled in Chile during the 19th and 20th centuries, mainly [[Spaniards|Spanish]], as well as [[Germans]], [[British people|British]], [[French people|French]], [[South Slavs|Southern Slavs]], and [[Italians]] who have made additional contributions to the racial complex of Chile.<ref name=F-G-Gil/> However, this immigration was never in a large scale, contrasting with mass migrations that characterized [[Argentina]], [[Uruguay]] and [[South Region, Brazil|southern Brazil]], and therefore, anthropologically, its impact with lesser consequence.<ref name=F-G-Gil/> At the same time, some separate cultural aspects, such as German cakes, British afternoon tea, and Italian pasta, were preserved. The fusion is also visible in the architecture of Chilean cities. This intermarriage and mixture of cultures and races have shaped the present society and culture of Chile.

Settlers from Europe came from [[France]],<ref name="Parvex, 2014"/> [[United Kingdom|Great Britain]],<ref name="Británicos, 700.000">{{cite web |url=http://www.biografiadechile.cl/detalle.php?IdContenido=1673&IdCategoria=91&IdArea=488&TituloPagina=Historia%20de%20Chile |title=Historia de Chile: Otros Artículos. Británicos y Anglosajones en Chile durante el siglo XIX. |access-date=16 March 2012 |author=Jorge Sanhueza Aviléz | publisher=Biografía de Chile}}</ref> [[Italy]],<ref name="Parvex, 2014"/> [[Germany]],<ref name="Alemanes, 500.000" /> and [[Croatia]],<ref name="Croatas, 400.000"/> among others. Although significant numbers of [[Palestinians]], [[Syrians]], and [[Lebanese people|Lebanese]] also arrived.<ref name="Oriente próximo, 800.000, Palestinos, 500.000"/> Today, most immigrants come from other [[List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Americas|American countries]]. The largest immigrant group comes from [[Venezuela]], followed by [[Peru]], [[Haiti]], [[Colombia]] and most recently [[Nicaragua]].<ref name="INE-DEM, 2019"/> One of the main factors that has driven this migration has been the country's relatively stable political history, compared with the rest of [[Latin America]] and the significant growth of the [[Economy of Chile|Chilean economy]] in recent decades.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Woods|first1=David|title=Valparaiso Bound!|date=2016|publisher=Libreria Editorial Ricaaventura|isbn=978-956-8449-20-9|pages=190–212}}</ref>

== Immigration and diasporas in Chile ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:1em auto; width:100%;"
|-
! <small>Country of origin</small>
! <small>Recent immigrants,<br />(INE-DEM, 2019)</small><ref name="INE-DEM, 2019">[https://www.ine.cl/prensa/2020/03/12/seg%C3%BAn-estimaciones-la-cantidad-de-personas-extranjeras-residentes-habituales-en-chile-bordea-los-1-5-millones-al-31-de-diciembre-de-2019 Estimación de Población Extranjera en Chile, al 31 de diciembre de 2019], del Departamento de Extranjería y Migración (DEM) del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Chile (INE), pp. 21. Retrieved 29 Juny 2020.</ref>
! <small>Descendants<br />of old immigrants</small>
! <small>Time of greatest<br />immigration</small>
! <small>Reference:<br />Immigrants or descendants</small>
|- 
| {{VEN}}|| 700,000 || — || S.21 || <small>Ministerio del Interior, 2024.</small><ref name="Venezolanos, 700.000">{{cite news|url=https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/ante-posible-ola-migratoria-cuantos-venezolanos-viven-en-chile/KQ52UFHZZZGIHLSOFPHEAXPGZI/ |title=Ante posible ola migratoria: ¿Cuántos venezolanos viven en Chile? |newspaper=La Tercera|date=31 July 2024|access-date=6 December 2024}}</ref>
|-
| {{PER}}|| 235,165 || — || S.20—S.21 || <small>Departamento de Extranjería y Migración, (INE-DEM, 2019).</small>
|-
| {{HTI}}|| 185,865 || — || S.21 || <small>Departamento de Extranjería y Migración, (INE-DEM, 2019).</small>
|-
| {{COL}}|| 161,153 || — || S.21 || <small>Departamento de Extranjería y Migración, (INE-DEM, 2019).</small>
|-
| {{BOL}}|| 120,103 || — || S.20—S.21 || <small>Departamento de Extranjería y Migración, (INE-DEM, 2019).</small>
|-
| {{ARG}} || 79,474 || — || S.19—S.21 || <small>Departamento de Extranjería y Migración, (INE-DEM, 2019).</small>
|-
| {{ECU}} || 41,403 || — || S.20—S.21 || <small>Departamento de Extranjería y Migración, (INE-DEM, 2019).</small>
|-
| {{ESP}} || 22,524 || — || S.16—S.18 || <small>Departamento de Extranjería y Migración, (INE-DEM, 2019).</small>
|-
| {{DOM}}|| 20,080 || — || S.21 || <small>Departamento de Extranjería y Migración, (INE-DEM, 2019).</small>
|-
| {{BRA}} || 19,980 || — || — || <small>Departamento de Extranjería y Migración, (INE-DEM, 2019).</small>
|-
| {{USA}}|| 18,477 || — || — || <small>Departamento de Extranjería y Migración, (INE-DEM, 2019).</small>
|-
| {{CUB}}|| 16,253 || — || S.20 || <small>Departamento de Extranjería y Migración, (INE-DEM, 2019).</small>
|-
|{{MEX}}|| 10,380 || — || — || <small>Departamento de Extranjería y Migración, (INE-DEM, 2019).</small>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Paraguay}}|| 5,987 || 6,500 || — ||<small>Departamento de Extranjería y Migración, (INE-DEM, 2019), y Secretaría de Repatriados de Paraguay.</small><ref name="Paraguayos, 6.500">{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.com.py/articulos/alguien-sabe-cuantos-paraguayos-estan-fuera-del-pais-274978.html|title=¿Alguien sabe cuántos paraguayos están fuera del país? Artículos ABC Color|access-date=2 September 2016|author=ABC Color}}</ref>
|- bgcolor=#FFFAF0
|Other countries || 51,918<!-- Otras nacionalidades + No declarados --> || — || — || <small>Departamento de Extranjería y Migración, (INE-DEM, 2019).</small>
|-
|{{flagcountry|France}}|| 10,520 || 950,000 || S.19—S.20 || <small>R. Parvex, Hommes and Migrations, 2014.</small><ref name="Parvex, 2014">Parvex R. (2014). ''[https://journals.openedition.org/hommesmigrations/2720 Le Chili et les mouvements migratoires]'', Hommes & migrations, Nº 1305, 2014. [[doi:10.4000/hommesmigrations.2720]].</ref>
|-
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}|| — || 1,000,000 || S.19—S.20 || <small>Embajada Británica en Chile, según Proyecto Biografía de Chile, 2012.</small><ref name="Británicos, 700.000"/>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Italy}}|| 6,075 || 700,000 || S.19—S.20 || <small>R. Parvex, Hommes and Migrations, 2014.</small><ref name="Parvex, 2014"/>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}|| 9,689 ||1,000,000 || S.19—S.20 || <small>Cámara Chileno-Alemana de Comercio, según DW.</small><ref name="Alemanes, 500.000">{{cite news|url=http://www.dw.de/alemanes-en-chile-entre-el-pasado-colono-y-el-presente-empresarial/a-14958983-1|title=Alemanes en Chile: entre el pasado colono y el presente empresarial|publisher=Deustche-Welle|author=Victoria Dannemann}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Palestine}}|| — || 600,000 || S.19—S.20 || <small>Up to 61% of chilean-arabs. International Business Times, 2013.</small><ref name="Oriente próximo, 800.000, Palestinos, 500.000">{{cite journal |author=Ghosh P. |title=Arabs In The Andes? Chile, The Unlikely Long-Term Home Of A Large Palestinian Community |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/arabs-andes-chile-unlikely-long-term-home-large-palestinian-community-1449718 |journal=International Business Times |date=31 October 2013 |access-date=29 September 2017}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Croatia}}|| — || 500,000 || S.19—S.20 || <small>Corporación Cultural Chileno-Croata Domovina, 2015.</small><ref name="Croatas, 400.000">{{cite web |url=http://www.domovina.cl/inmigrantes-otras.php |title=Inmigración a Chile |publisher=Domivina|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702225324/http://www.domovina.cl/inmigrantes-otras.php |archive-date=2 July 2015 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Syria}}|| — || 280,000 || S.19—S.20 ||<small>25% of chilean-arabs. Datos cruzados de EPOA, 2001; en J. Córdoba-Toro, 2015; e International Business Times, 2013.</small><ref name="Oriente próximo, 800.000, Palestinos, 500.000"/><ref name="Palestinos 61%, Sirios 25%, Lebaneses 4% del total Cercano Oriente">{{cite web | url=https://iberoamericasocial.com/los-arabes-en-chile-inmigracion-iberoamericana-no6/ | title=Árabes en Chile | author=J. Códoba-Toro | year=2015 | publisher=Iberoamérica Social | access-date=9 January 2020 | archive-date=28 April 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428175429/https://iberoamericasocial.com/los-arabes-en-chile-inmigracion-iberoamericana-no6/ | url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Israel}}|| — || 175,000 || S.19—S.20 || <small>Presidencia de la Comunidad Judía en Chile, según EFE, 2010; H. Harvey, 2012.</small><ref><!--25,000 jews religious + 150,000 jews not religious-->H. Harvey (2012): ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=XjCGvJPXsigC&dq=judios+en+chile+150.000&pg=PA193 Las relaciones entre Chile e Israel, 1973-1990. La conexión oculta]''. RIL Editores, 317 pages: pp. 193. {{ISBN|978-956-284-812-1}}.</ref><ref name="Israelíes, 150.000">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140330195107/http://www.google.com/hostednews/epa/article/ALeqM5gs2wRgCldQPxbmHvaHpWZU8WsCTA?docId=1431230&hl=es Los judíos residentes en Chile]. Agencia EFE, 23 December 2010. Retrieved 19 December 2019.</ref>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Portugal}}|| — || 354,000 || S.16—S.18 || <small>1% of chilean surnames. L. Thayer, 1989.</small><ref name="L. Thayer, 1989">{{cite book|author=Thayer Ojeda, Luis | year=1989 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QCCLWmy_8zcC |title=Orígenes de Chile: Elementos étnicos, apellidos, familias]. Codex: PTYS-GQZ-6UOZ | publisher=Editorial Andrés Bello. | pages= 161}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Ireland}}|| — || 120,000 || S.19—S.20 || <small>O'Higgins Tours, 2010.</small><ref name="Irlandeses, 120.000">{{cite web |url=http://www.ohigginstours.com/esp/irlandeses.php |author=O'Higgins Tours |title=Los irlandeses en Chile |access-date=10 January 2010}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Greece}} || — || 150,000 || S.19—S.20 || <small>R. Parvex, Hommes and Migrations, 2014.</small><ref name="Parvex, 2014"/>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Switzerland}}|| — || 140,000 || S.19—S.20 || <small>Embajada Suiza e Inst. Cultural de Providencia, 2010; J. Córdoba-Toro, 2018; Swiss Federal Council, 2019.</small><ref name="Suizos, 100.000-1">[http://embajadasuiza.org.pe/relaciones-diplomaticas-de-suiza-con-america-latina/ Relaciones diplomáticas de Suiza con América Latina], Embajada Suiza en Perú. Retrieved 18 July 2020.</ref><ref name="Suizos, 100.000-2">{{in lang|es}}[http://www.arteenlared.com/latinoamerica/chile/chind-ninos-descendientes-suizos-en-la-araucania-1883-2010.html La inmigración suiza a Chile se desarrolló entre los años 1883 y 1900 y sus protagonistas se situaron particularmente en las emergentes ciudades sureñas de Victoria y Traiguén, estimándose en 8.000 familias las que recibieron concesiones de tierras en dicha zona donde constituyeron 31 colonias que alcanzaron inicialmente a sumar 22&nbsp;700 personas y cuya descendencia actual supera los 100.000 ciudadanos, la mayor de América Latina".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016124954/http://www.arteenlared.com/latinoamerica/chile/chind-ninos-descendientes-suizos-en-la-araucania-1883-2010.html |date=2014-10-16 }}</ref><ref name="Suizos, 90.000">{{cite web | url=https://iberoamericasocial.com/suizos-chile/ | title=Suizos en Chile | author=J. Códoba-Toro | year=2018 | publisher=Iberoamérica Social | access-date=20 December 2019 | archive-date=10 December 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210172024/https://iberoamericasocial.com/suizos-chile/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Suizos, 100.000-3">[https://www.admin.ch/gov/fr/accueil/documentation/communiques.msg-id-74740.html Cassis en Uruguay, Chile y Brasil], Swiss Federal Council (Le Conseil Fédéral, Portail du Gouvernement Suisse), 18 April 2019. Retrieved 31 August 2020.</ref>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Netherlands}} || — || 105,000 || S.19—S.20 || —
|-
|{{flagcountry|Lebanon}}|| — || 40,000 || S.19—S.20 ||<small>4% of chilean-arabs. EPOA, 2001; e International Business Time, 2013.</small><ref name="Oriente próximo, 800.000, Palestinos, 500.000"/><ref name="Palestinos 61%, Sirios 25%, Lebaneses 4% del total Cercano Oriente"/>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Serbia}}|| — || 30,000 || S.19—S.20 || <small>5% of Yugoslav immigration, in relation to the remaining 95% corresponding to Croatian immigration.</small><!--En equivalencia al porcentaje entre inmigrantes serbios y croatas, y en proporción racional a la descendencia de croatas--><ref name="Serbios, 5% en proporción a croatas en Chile">[https://chile.as.com/chile/2018/07/15/tikitakas/1531610388_499596.html ¿Por qué los croatas son una colonia numerosa en Chile?]. Diario As, 15 July 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2019.</ref>
|-
|[[File:Flag of the Romani people.svg|border|20px]] [[Romani people|Romani]] || — || 20,000 || S.20 ||<small>H. Marsh, University of East Anglia, 2016.</small><ref name="Marsh, 2016">{{cite web |url=http://www.latinolife.co.uk/node/289 |title=The Roma Gypsies of Latin America |publisher=latinolife.co.uk |author=Hazel Marsh |access-date=27 November 2017 |archive-date=23 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423164035/https://www.latinolife.co.uk/node/289 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|{{CHN}}|| 15,696 || 20,000 || S.20 || <small>Departamento de Extranjería y Migración, (INE-DEM, 2019), y La Tercera.</small><ref name="Chinos, 20.000">{{cite web |url=https://www.latercera.com/tendencias/noticia/resistire-el-lema-de-la-comida-china/207058/ |title=Resistiré: El lema de la comida china |publisher=La Tercera |author=Álvaro Peralta Sáinz |date=16 June 2018 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Poland}} || — || 10,000 || S.19—S.20 ||<small>Stowarzyszenie Wspólnota Polska, 2007</small>.<ref name="Wspólnota Polska, diáspora polaca">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120326104317/http://archiwum.wspolnotapolska.org.pl/?id=pwko00 Polska Diaspora na świecie], Stowarzyszenie Wspólnota Polska, 2007. Retrieved 14 August 2020.</ref>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Sweden}}|| — || 5,000 || S.21 ||<small>Svenskar i Världen, 2022.</small><ref name="SVIV2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.sviv.se/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Kartlaggning-2022_Svenskar-i-varlden.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709211435/https://www.sviv.se/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Kartlaggning-2022_Svenskar-i-varlden.pdf|title=Svenskar i Världen: Kartläggning 2022|publisher=Svenskar i Världen|access-date=6 December 2024|archive-date=9 July 2022|page=7}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Japan}} || — || 3,000 || S.20 || <small>Gobierno de Japón, 2017.</small><ref name="Japoneses, 3.000">{{cite web|url=https://www.japan.go.jp/tomodachi/_userdata/pdf/2017/autumn-winter2017es/20_23.pdf | title=Emigrantes japoneses y sus descendientes, los nikkei, un puente de Japón con el mundo | author=Government of Japón | year=2017 | access-date=19 December 2019}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagcountry|South Korea}} || — || 2,700 || S.20 || <small>Diario La segunda, 2014.</small><ref name="Coreanos, 2.700">[http://www.lasegunda.com/Noticias/Nacional/2014/05/932277/barrio-alto-y-perfil-bajo-como-vive-la-creciente-colonia-coreana-en-chile Cómo vive la creciente colonia coreana en Chile]. La Segunda, 2 May 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2019.</ref>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Hungary}} || — || 2,000 || S.20 ||<small>Nemzetpolitikai Kutatóintézet, según Programa Kőrösi Csoma Sándor, 2015.</small><ref name="Húngaros, 2.000">{{cite web|url=https://www.korosiprogram.hu/diaszpora |title=A diaszpóra tudományos megközelítése | author=Nemzetpolitikai Kutatóintézet |date=3 July 2015 | access-date=7 October 2019 |publisher=Kőrösi Csoma Sándor program}}</ref>
|- bgcolor=#E6E6FA
|Total|| align="left" | 1,625,074 (2022) || — || — || <small>Ministerio del Interior, 2024.</small><ref name="Venezolanos, 700.000"/>
|-
|}

==Immigration from Europe==
<gallery class="center" widths="120px" heights="120px">
Sociedad Suiza de Beneficencia, Victoria, Chile.jpg|Swiss Charitable Society of Victoria, year 1886.
FamigliaCastagnaColoniCapitanPastene1910.jpg|One of the Italian settler families who founded Capitán Pastene, year [[1910]].
Inmigrantes franceses.jpg|French family in Chile, year 1920.
Familia Alessandri.JPG|Alessandri Family, with two future presidents of Chile, year 1920.
1951 settler families.JPG|Family of German colonists, in the agricultural expansion in Aysén, year 1951.
</gallery>
<gallery class="center" widths="120px" heights="120px">
Recordatorio Cemeterio Suizo.jpg|Plaque of the Swiss Cemetery, located in Victoria, Araucanía Region.
Casa de madera y Tejuela, Camino a Alerce, Puerto Varas.jpg|Typical house of German settlers in southern Chile, in Los Ríos and Los Lagos regions.
Puerto varas church.jpg|German-style parish church in Puerto Varas, Los Lagos Region.
Arco Británico.jpg|British Arch, located in the city of Valparaíso.
Calle de Morandé - Santiago de Chile.JPG|Plaque in the house of the French immigrant ''Morandais'', origin of the Chilean surname ''Morandé''.
Fachada.jpeg|Greek Orthodox Church of the Saints Constantine and Elena, located in the commune of Ñuñoa, Santiago.
</gallery>

Spaniards were the most relevant group among European immigration to Chile.<ref name=Euzko>[http://www.euzkoetxeachile.cl/libros/04-De%20los%20Vascos%20Onati%20y%20los%20Elorza-2.pdf De los Vascos, Oñati y los Elorza] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819165814/http://www.euzkoetxeachile.cl/libros/04-De%20los%20Vascos%20Onati%20y%20los%20Elorza-2.pdf |date=19 August 2013 }} "DE LOS VASCOS, OÑATI Y LOS ELORZA" ''Waldo Ayarza Elorza''. Page 59, 65, 66</ref> The largest ethnic group in Chile arrived from Spain during the colonial age, prior to 1810. Too, until the 18th century, the country experienced massive immigration from the [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque Country]] and [[Navarre]], reaching 27% of the total Chilean colonial population,<ref name="Madariaga, Vascos, 27%">Ainara Madariaga: ''[http://www.euskadi.eus/web01-s2osa/es/contenidos/noticia/albis12_257_txile_08_11/es_txile/albis12_257_txile_08_11.html Imaginarios vascos desde Chile La construcción de imaginarios vascos en Chile durante el siglo XX]''. Administración General de la Comunidad Autónoma de Euskadi y Gobierno Vasco (euskadi.eus).</ref> as well as Portuguese and Italian immigrants who accompanied the [[Spanish Empire]]. The situation changed for the early 20th century Chile was not a particularly attractive destination for migrants simply because it was far from Europe, and reaching such a remote place was difficult.<ref name=Euzko/><ref name="HistoriaContemporaneaDeChile">{{cite book |title= Historia Contemporánea de Chile |last1=Salazar Vergara |first1=Gabriel |last2=Pinto |first2=Julio |year= 1999 |publisher= LOM Ediciones |location= Santiago de Chile |isbn= 956-282-174-9 |chapter= La Presencia Inmigrante |pages= 76–81|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Vyx8JQtvU78C&pg=PA78}}</ref><ref name=Revues/> A situation recognized in the census of 1907, census which recorded the percentage of Europeans versus the total population of Chile (2.2%).<ref name=1907Census>Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas: [http://www.ine.cl/canales/usuarios/cedoc_online/censos/pdf/censo_1907.pdf 1907 Population Census, Page XVII (Page 14/1277 in the PDF document)] {{in lang|es}}</ref> In other counts, with only immigrants born in their countries of origin, and without counting their descendants, came to represent 4.1% of the national population,<ref name="OEA, Chile: 4,1%, 1907">[http://www.migracionoea.org/index.php/es/sicremi-es/17-sicremi/publicacion-2011/paises-es/85-chile-1-sintesis-historica-de-la-migracion-internacional-en-chile.html Síntesis histórica de la migración internacional en Chile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030191648/http://www.migracionoea.org/index.php/es/sicremi-es/17-sicremi/publicacion-2011/paises-es/85-chile-1-sintesis-historica-de-la-migracion-internacional-en-chile.html |date=30 October 2019 }}. OEA-SICREMI. Retrieved 20 December 2019.</ref> with the exception of [[Magallanes Region]], where 1/4 people had been born abroad, mostly on the European continent.<ref name="Glasinovic, 2005">Sergio Lausic Glasinovic (2005): [http://www.archivochile.com/Historia_de_Chile/otros_artic/HCHotrosart0011.pdf Migraciones del Archipiélago de Chiloé hacia la Patagonia (Chile-Argentina), y participación en el sindicalismo obrero]. Centro de Estudios Miguel Enríquez (CEME). Retrieved 25 December 2019.</ref>

However, some relevant groups arrived anyway, especially for the colonization of Araucanía, and in search of luck in mining activity in the north of the country. In any case, this immigration does not compare to that of the South American Atlantic countries. Between 1851 and 1924 Chile only received the 0,5% of the European immigration flow to Latin America, against 46% of Argentina, 33% of Brazil, 14% of Cuba, and 4% of Uruguay.<ref name=Euzko/> This was because most of the migration occurred across the Atlantic, not the Pacific, and that this migration occurred mostly before the construction of the Panama Canal.<ref name=Euzko/> Also, Europeans preferred to stay in countries closer to their homelands instead of taking that long tour across the Straits of Magellan or crossing the Andes.<ref name=Euzko/>

Although the majority of European immigrants during the first half of the 20th century came from Spain and Italy, others came in smaller numbers from other European countries including the [[Caucasus]]. Jews arrived in the early part of the 20th century, fleeing pogroms in Russia and in the mid-20th century from Poland, Hungary, [[Romania]], and the former nations of [[Yugoslavia]] and [[Czechoslovakia]], also Germany, fleeing the [[Nazis]] in the 1930s and Communism in the 1950s.

===Spain===
{{main|Spanish Chilean}}
Clearly, Spanish immigration was the most important during the colonial period. Since Chile became an independent republic, Spanish immigration is estimated at 40,000 people settling between 1880 and 1940. The [[Spanish Civil War]] spurred some 3,000 people to immigrate to Chile at the end of the 1930s, primarily being [[Catalan people|Catalan]] and Basque. The majority embarked for Chile on the ship ''Winnipeg'' thanks to [[Pablo Neruda]], the Chilean delegate sent to France to take care of the pertinent negotiations. Almost 11,000 Spaniards also arrived in [[Arauco, Chile|Araucanía]] between 1883 and 1901, after the [[Occupation of Araucanía]].<ref>[http://www.dcbliga.cl/cap4a.html Etapa de la emigración alemana en Chile.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414120354/http://www.dcbliga.cl/cap4a.html |date=14 April 2009 }}</ref> These colonists were given lands in the [[Chilean Central Valley]] and their descendants are principally found in Temuco, Concepción, and Ercilla. In 1903, a fleet of 88 [[Canarians|Canarian]] families—400 persons—arrived in [[Budi Lake]], Chile, that currently have more than 1,000 descendants, as a response to the government's call to populate this region and signed contracts for the benefit of a private company. While many [[Isleño|Canarians]] obeyed their service, some of those who disobeyed the provisions of repopulation tried to escape their service and were arrested, and the indigenous [[Mapuche]] people took pity on the plight of these Canarians who were established on their former lands. The Mapuches welcomed them and joined their demonstrations in the so-called "revolt of the Canarians", and many Canarians integrated into Mapuche population to add the large [[mestizo]] population that exists in Chile.<ref>[http://www.archipielagonoticias.com/component/option,com_mamblog/Itemid,37/task,show/action,view/id,10375/Itemid,37/ Archipiélago noticias. Canarios en Chile] (in Spanish: Canarians in Chile). Posted Luis León Barreto. Retrieved December 21, 2011, to 23:52 pm.</ref>

Today, the Spanish colony continues to be the most significant in the country, having its own football (soccer) club, [[Unión Española]] and more than 80 institutions of varying purpose throughout Chile (charitable, sports, philanthropic, social, etc.). It is estimated that some 400,000 Chileans are descendants of Spanish immigrants who came to Chile during the 20th century, more than 100,000 descending from the Spanish who settled in Araucanía.

===Basque===
{{main|Basque Chileans}}
{{Commons category|Chileans of Basque descent}}
Estimates of the number of Chileans with Basque ancestry currently range from 10% (1,600,000) to as high as 27% (4,700,000).<ref name="Diariovasco">[http://www.diariovasco.com/pg060724/prensa/noticias/AlDia/200607/24/DVA-ALD-003.html Diariovasco.]</ref><ref name="deia.com">[http://www.deia.com/es/impresa/2008/05/22/bizkaia/ekonomia/469496.php entrevista al Presidente de la Cámara vasca.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090511001812/http://www.deia.com/es/impresa/2008/05/22/bizkaia/ekonomia/469496.php |date=11 May 2009 }}</ref>
<ref name="vascos">[http://www.osasun.ejgv.euskadi.net/r52-20726/es/contenidos/noticia/albis12_257_txile_08_11/es_txile/albis12_257_txile_08_11.html vascos] ''Ainara Madariaga'':
Autora del estudio ''"Imaginarios vascos desde Chile La construcción de imaginarios vascos en Chile durante el siglo XX"''.</ref>
<ref name="Basques au Chili">[http://www.euskonews.com/0072zbk/gaia7204es.html Basques au Chili.]</ref>
<ref name="ReferenceA">''Contacto Interlingüístico e intercultural en el mundo hispano.instituto valenciano de lenguas y culturas''. Universitat de València Cita: "Un 20% de la población chilena tiene su origen en el País Vasco".</ref> The [[Basque people|Basque]] community in Chile is large, visible, and has existed since the 16th century. Basque immigration can be divided into historical periods: the discovery, foundation, and colonial period; the wave of immigration in the 18th century; and the recent immigration period (19th and 20th centuries). A substantial number of traders from the Basque country arrived between 1750 and 1800. These Basque immigrants prospered and married the daughters of the old commissioned officers who came originally from the south of Spain, making them landlords of economic, social, and political power, which has given them a certain preeminence.

The Basque presence in Chile began in the [[conquistador]] period. A contingent from the [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque Provinces]], including [[Navarra]], was part of the original Spanish army. In the 16th century, of the 157 families from the Iberian Peninsula that settled in Chile, 39 had Basque surnames. The number grew steadily, and many Chilean governors have been of Basque origin.

During the 18th century, Chile saw a mass immigration coming from the Basque country. By the end of the 18th century, Chileans with Basque surnames comprised 27% of [[Demographics of Chile|the Chilean population]].<ref>[http://www.osasun.ejgv.euskadi.net/r52-20726/es/contenidos/noticia/albis12_257_txile_08_11/es_txile/albis12_257_txile_08_11.html Vascos en Chile.]</ref> Basques became the most important regional group in the population, displacing both the native population and descendants of those born in [[New Castile (Spain)|New Castile]], [[Old Castile]], and [[Andalucía]]. These immigrant families initially dedicated themselves to their preferred forms of business, and in successive years entered into many alliances with families of Castilian origin possessing lands and titles, giving birth to a new social group known in Chilean history as the "Castilian-Basque Aristocracy."

In the second half of the 19th century came a new wave of Basque immigration, with as many from the French Basque country as from the Spanish Basque country. The migratory flood continued, with varying intensity, almost until the end of the [[Spanish Civil War]].

To describe the Basque-Chilean relationship, [[Miguel de Unamuno]], himself of Basque ancestry, said: "There are at least two things that clearly can be attributed to Basque ingenuity: the [[Society of Jesus]] and the [[Republic of Chile]]."

===France===
{{main|French Chilean}}
{{Commons category|Chileans of French descent}}
960,000 are the descendants of French in Chile today.<ref name="Parvex, 2014"/> The [[French people|French]] came to Chile in the 18th century, arriving at [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]] as merchants, and in the mid-19th century to cultivate vines in the [[haciendas]] of the [[Central Valley of Chile|Central Valley]], the homebase of world-famous [[Chilean wine]]. The [[Araucanía Region]] also has an important number of people of French ancestry, as the area hosted settlers arrived by the second half of the 19th century as farmers and shopkeepers. With akin [[Italic peoples|Latin culture]], the French immigrants quickly assimilated into mainstream Chilean society.

By 1854 there were 1654 Frenchmen in Chile, by 1895 it rose to 8266; about 80% of them arrived from Southwestern France, especially from [[Pyrénées-Atlantiques|Basses-Pyrénées]] ([[Northern Basque Country|Basque country]] and [[Béarn]]), [[Gironde]], [[Charente-Maritime|Charente-Inférieure]] and [[Charente]] and regions situated between [[Gers]] and [[Dordogne]].<ref name=Revues>{{Citation |url=http://alhim.revues.org/index1252.html |title=La emigración francesa en Chile, 1875-1914|journal=Amérique Latine Histoire et Mémoire. Les Cahiers ALHIM |date=10 November 2006 |issue=12 |doi=10.4000/alhim.1252 |quote=La inmigración europea en Chile, a diferencia de Argentina o Uruguay, nunca fue masiva. Esta inmigración se limita a ciertos flujos migratorios irregulares y numéricamente reducidos. (...) Sin embargo, a pesar de la puesta en marcha de una política favorable a la inmigración del Gobierno de Balmaceda (1886-1891) y de Pedro Montt (1906-1910), contrariamente a los países vecinos de América del Sur, Chile no es elegido entre los grupos de emigrantes como uno de sus principales destinos. (...) El 80% de los colonos que llegan a Chile provienen del País Vasco, del Bordelais, de Charentes y de las regiones situadas entre Gers y Périgord. |last1=Domingo |first1=Enrique Fernández |doi-access=free }}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=It does not specifies a number of French migrants for any period of years.|date=September 2013}}

In World War II, a group of over 10,000 Chileans of French descent, the majority have French relatives joined the [[Free French Forces]] and fought the [[Nazi]] occupation of France. The incumbent Chilean President, [[Michelle Bachelet]] is of French origin. Former dictator, [[Augusto Pinochet]], is another Chilean of French descent. A large percentage of politicians, businessmen, professionals and entertainers in the country are of French ancestry.

===Germany===
{{main|German Chileans}}
{{Commons category|Chileans of German descent}}
According to the last census and estimations, year 2019, 9,689 German immigrants resided in Chile at that time,<ref name="INE-DEM, 2019"/> and their descendants are to be 1,000,000 people.<ref name="Alemanes, 500.000" /> The origin of the massive immigration of Germans (includes Poles due to [[Partitions of Poland]], German-speaking [[Swiss people|Swiss]], [[Silesians]], [[Alsace|Alsatians]], [[Austrians]], and [[Sudeten Germans]]) to Chile is found in the so-called "Law of Selective Immigration" of 1845. The "law's" objective was to bring middle and upper-class people to colonize regions in the south of Chile, between [[Valdivia, Chile|Valdivia]] and [[Puerto Montt]]. More than 6,000 families arrived in Chile during this period alone.<ref>[http://www.frutillarsur.cl/informac/ValPresiAlem2.html Discurso del presidente alemán Johannes Rau con ocasión de la concesión del doctorado honoris causa en la Universidad Austral de Chile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611125056/http://www.frutillarsur.cl/informac/ValPresiAlem2.html |date=11 June 2009 }}, 25 de noviembre de 2003.</ref>

The German immigrants succeeded in creating vigorous villages and communities in virtually uninhabited regions, completely changing the landscape of the southern zones. [[Carlos Anwandter]] left evidence of this great spirit of building, proclaiming to all the colonists: "We will be Chileans, as honorable and hardworking as ever there were, we will defend our adopted country united in the ranks of our new compatriots, against all foreign oppression and with the resolve and fortitude of the man that defends his country, his family, and his interests. This country that we have adopted as sons will never have reason to repent of its enlightened, humane, and generous gesture..." (18 November 1851).

Later years brought a new, great wave of German immigrants who settled throughout the country, especially in [[Temuco]], [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]], and in the country's principal commercial zones. During World War II, many German Jews settled in Chile, fleeing the [[Holocaust]]. After the war, many leaders and collaborators from [[Nazi Germany]] sought to take refuge in the southern region of the country. [[Paul Schäfer]] even founded ''[[Colonia Dignidad]] (Dignity Colony)'', a German enclave in Region VII, where massive human rights violations were carried out.

Among many distinguished descendants of the Germans in Chile are counted the commander Fernando Matthei Aubel, the architect [[Mathias Klotz]], tennis players [[Gabriel Silberstein]] and [[Hans Gildemeister]], the athletes [[Sebastián Keitel]] and [[marlene Ahrens|Marlene Ahrens Ostertag]] and her daughter, TV host and journalist [[:es: Karin Ebensperger|Karin Ebensperger]], the musicians [[Patricio Manns]] and Emilio Körner, the economist [[Ernesto Schiefelbein]], the politicians [[Miguel Kast]] and [[Evelyn Matthei]], the entrepreneurs Jürgen Paulmann and [[Carlos Heller]], the painters Uwe Grumann and Rossy Ölckers, television presenters [[Karen Doggenweiler]], [[Allison Göhler]], [[Margot Kahl]], and [[:es: Jenny Pérez-Schmidt|Jenny Pérez-Schmidt]], writers [[César Müller]] and Mexican-born [[Beatriz Gutiérrez Müller]], and the actors [[Gloria Münchmeyer]] and her daughter [[Catalina Guerra]], [[Antonia Zegers]], Aline Kuppenheim, and Bastian Bodenhofer.

It is now difficult to tabulate the full number of German descendants in Chile because of the large amount of time that has passed and because they have mixed with the Chilean population for more than 150 years. Because many areas of the Chilean South are sparsely populated, the traces of German immigration are rather obvious that the German culture is well preserved. In reality, the descendants of these first immigrants mostly live in the big cities.

===Britain and Ireland===
{{main|British Chilean|Irish Chileans}}
{{Commons category|Chileans of British descent}}
British descendants in Chile are estimated to number between 350,000 and 420,000 to 1,000,000; with 120,000 Irish-Chileans.<ref name="Británicos, 700.000"/><ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-01-10|title=Inmigración britanica en Chile|url=http://www.galeon.com/typepad/|access-date=2020-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110091115/http://www.galeon.com/typepad/|archive-date=10 January 2009}}</ref> The English, Welsh, Scottish, and Irish population rose to more than 32,000 during the port of Valparaíso's boom period at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century during the [[Sodium nitrate|saltpeter]] bonanza.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.galeon.com/typepad/ |title=Inmigración británica en Valparaíso. |access-date=28 January 2009 |archive-date=22 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822074242/http://www.galeon.com/typepad/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The role of British colonial influence is important to understanding the boom and bust of the port of Valparaíso.

The English immigration and influence was also important in the northern regions of the country during the saltpeter boom, in the ports of [[Iquique]] and [[Pisagua, Chile|Pisagua]]. The ''King of Saltpeter'', [[John Thomas North]], was the principal backer of nitrate mining. The British legacy is reflected in the street names of the historic district of the city of Iquique, and the foundation of various institutions, such as the Club Hípico (Racing Club). Nevertheless, British influence came to an end with the saltpeter crisis during the 1930s.

Today the descendants of British and Irish immigrants are found dispersed throughout the country. Well-known descendants of these colonists include [[Patricio Aylwin Azócar|Patricio Aylwin]], [[Gustavo Leigh Guzmán|Gustavo Leight]], [[Alberto Blest Gana]], [[Joaquín Edwards Bello|Joaquín Edwards]], Carlos Condell de la Haza, [[Juan Williams Rebolledo|Juan Williams]], Patricio Lynch Solo de Zaldívar, Jorge O'Ryan, [[Benjamín Vicuña MacKenna]], [[Bernardo Leighton]], [[Enrique Mac Iver]], [[Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme|Bernardo O'Higgins]], [[rojo Edwards|José Manuel "Rojo" Edwards]], [[Emilio Edwards]], [[Rodrigo Millar]], [[Solange Lackington]], [[:es:olivia Collins|Olivia Collins]], and [[Sussan Taunton]].

===Croatia===
{{main|Croatian Chilean}}
{{Commons category|Chileans of Croatian descent}}
One of the most important groups of European immigrants in Chile are the [[Croats]], whose number of descendants today (2009) is estimated to be 500,000 persons,<ref name="Croatas, 400.000"/> the equivalent of 3% of the population.<ref name="Diaspora Croata">[http://hrvatskimigracije.es.tl/Diaspora-Croata.htm Diaspora Croata.].</ref><ref name="matis.hr">[http://www.matis.hr/vijesti.php?id=2265 Splitski osnovnoškolci rođeni u Čileu.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917024605/http://www.matis.hr/vijesti.php?id=2265 |date=17 September 2011 }}</ref> Other authors claim, on the other hand, that close to 4.6% of the Chilean population must have some [[Croatian diaspora|Croatian ancestry]].<ref name="hrvatski">[http://www.hrvatski.cl/html/croatas.htm hrvatski.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195315/http://www.hrvatski.cl/html/croatas.htm |date=3 March 2016 }}</ref> Chile is the second-ranked country in the world for number of Croatian descendants, after Croatia itself.

The first Croatian immigrants came from [[Dalmatia]], arriving in the mid-19th century in escape from the wars unleashed in that region or from pestilence on the islands in the [[Adriatic Sea]]. The major concentrations of Croatians can be found in Santiago, Antofagasta, and Punta Arenas, but a large concentration also exists in [[Viña del Mar]], [[Porvenir, Chile|Porvenir]], and [[La Serena, Chile|La Serena]]. Many descendants of Croatian immigrants who settled in the north and south of Chile later moved to the capital.

Arturo Givovich is considered to be the first Croatian in Chile, having arrived in the 17th century on an English pirate ship belonging to [[Sir Francis Drake]]. Givovich jumped ship in Chile, abandoning the Navy and staying on land for the sake of love. In the mid-19th century, three sailors from the Dalmatian-Croatian coast—''Antonio Letic, Antonion Zupicic, and Esteban Costa (Kosta'')—were hired by the Chilean Navy and sent to the [[Straits of Magellan]]. They arrived in October, 1843, with a relief and resupply mission for Fort Búlnes, which had been erected only months before.

Without a doubt, most Croatian immigrants, approximately 58,000, arrived in Chile at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, up until World War I. Consequently, the Croatian colony in Chile was officially considered [[Austro-Hungarian]].<ref name="Croacia y Chile: DUBROVNIK, EL ÚLTIMO BALUARTE">{{Citation|title= Croacia y Chile: DUBROVNIK, EL ÚLTIMO BALUARTE|publisher=hrvatskimigracije.es.tl|date=10 April 2008|url=http://hrvatskimigracije.es.tl/Croacia-y-Chile.htm?PHPSESSID=36d25ef77c698e5bfe8d0f7257c3e71c|access-date=3 April 2009}}</ref>

The Croatian immigrants dedicated themselves to business. In [[Punta Arenas]], they dedicated themselves to the estates, or the extraction of gold, primarily found in Cañón Baquedano. In the north of Chile, they dedicated themselves to mining saltpeter. Various institutions created by the Croatian colony have persisted, including clubs, schools, stadiums, gymnasiums, and charity institutions. The cities of Punta Arenas and Antofagasta are sister cities of the city of [[Split (city)|Split]] in [[Dalmatia]].<ref>[http://www.vientodelsur.ch/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=46 Dalmacia.]</ref>

[[Croatian people|Croatian immigration]] in Punta Arenas was crucial to the development of [[Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region|Magallanes]] and the city in particular. Currently, you can see their legacy in the names of shops and many buildings. According to some references, up to 50% of the population of Punta Arenas are [[Croatian people|descendants of Croats]].<ref>Congreso Mundial Croata: [http://hrvatskimigracije.es.tl/Congreso-Mundial-Croata.htm?PHPSESSID=9dfe7120e64e61da5c184f9007dcb61e Los croatas de Chile].</ref>

===Italy===
{{main|Italian Chileans}}
{{Commons category|Chileans of Italian descent}}
In 1989 the estimated number of people of Italian descent in Chile was 300,000 persons.<ref name="Italianos, 300.000">{{cite book|first=René A. Peri|last=Fagerstrom|year=1989|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvhUZ4-WawC&q=%22trescientos%20mil%20descendientes%22&pg=PA168|title=Reseña de la colonización en Chile|publisher=Editorial Andrés Bello|location=Cepco SA|pages=167–168|isbn=((956-13-0743-9))|language=es}}</ref> After [[independence]], the Chilean government encouraged Italian [[emigration]] especially after the formation of the Kingdom of Italy in the 1860s and 1870s, but without getting the results from the nearby Argentina. {{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}

However, there was a substantial flow of migration from [[Liguria]] to the area of [[Valparaíso]], which came to control 70% of the city. These immigrants founded the 'Body of Fire' (called ''Cristóforo Colombo'') of the city and its ''Scuola Italiana'', whose building has been declared by the Government of Chile "Monumento Histórico Nacional".<ref>[http://www.ciudaddevalparaiso.cl/inicio/patrimonio_historia_sxxi.php?id_hito=13 Italian immigration] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307012114/http://www.ciudaddevalparaiso.cl/inicio/patrimonio_historia_sxxi.php?id_hito=13 |date=7 March 2009 }}</ref>

In comparison, larger numbers of Italian immigrants to Chile were from the Northern Italian regions such as Liguria, Emilia-Romagna, Piedmont and Lombardy and to a much smaller number of Central or Southern. Italian Chileans along with [[French Chilean]]s contributed to the development, cultivation and ownership of the world-famous [[Chilean wines]] from [[haciendas]] in the [[Central Valley of Chile|Central Valley]] ever since the first wave of Italians arrived in colonial Chile in the early 19th century. With akin Latin culture, the Italian settlers, along with French, quickly assimilated into mainstream Chilean society.

At the end of the 19th century many Italian merchants are rooted in the northern part of [[Arica]], where they began exploiting the rich mines of [[Sodium nitrate|saltpetre]]. Meanwhile, many Italian families settled in the capital [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]], [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]], [[Viña del Mar]], [[La Serena, Chile|La Serena]] and [[Punta Arenas]].

Although being just a fraction of the size of the migration to Argentina, Italian immigration to Chile has been present since the arrival of the first Spaniards into the country, like captain [[Juan Bautista Pastene|Giovanni Battista Pastene]] who helped [[Pedro de Valdivia]]'s expedition. Thence, with akin Latin culture, Italians have helped forge the nation, with architects ([[Joaquín Toesca|Gioacchino Toesca]]), painters ([[Camilo Mori]]), businessmen ([[Anacleto Angelini]]), Economists ([[Vittorio Corbo]]) and statesmen ([[Arturo Alessandri]]) among others.

===Greece===
{{main|Greek Chilean}}
The Greek community in Chile are estimated to number 150,000,<ref name="Parvex, 2014"/><ref name="viajerosgriegos.ar.vg">{{cite web |url=http://viajerosgriegos.ar.vg/ |title=Directorio de Dominios |access-date=13 April 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016224632/http://viajerosgriegos.ar.vg/ |archive-date=16 October 2015  }}</ref> and reside either in the [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]] area or in the Antofagasta area, mostly. Chile is one of the 5 countries with the most descendants of Greeks in the world.<ref name="Griegos de Chile">[http://viajerosgriegos.ar.vg/ Griegos de Chile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016224632/http://viajerosgriegos.ar.vg/ |date=16 October 2015 }}</ref>

The Greek community has great importance in Chile. The first immigrants arrived during the 16th century from [[Crete]], so named "Candia" in honor of the island's capital, the current [[Heraklion]]. The surname, although at present, is very disconnected from its ancient origins. The majority of Greek immigrants arrived in Chile at the beginning of [[century]], some as part of their spirit of adventure and escape from the rigors of the [[World War]] and the catastrophe of [[Smyrna]] in [[Asia Minor]], although many Greeks had already settled in Antofagasta, a city in northern Chile, including crews of the ships commanded by [[Arturo Prat]] for the [[Pacific War]] (1879–1883) in [[naval battle of Iquique]] (boatswain ''Constantine Micalvi''). It is very likely that the good climate of the area has been a major attraction for immigrants Greeks. However, the chronicles of the time show that most attracted by the reputation he had acquired the northern Chilean operation of [[salt]] and the wealth they had in the country. According to [[El Mercurio]] of [[Antofagasta]], between the years 1920 and 1935 there were about 4,000 Greeks in the city and other 3,000 in offices saltpeter.

The majority of Greek immigrants arrived in Chile at the beginning of the 20th century for his spirit adventurer. However, the chronicles of the time show that most attracted by the reputation he had acquired the north by the operation of nitrate. The country was plunging into an economic boom that lasted a very large period in which the Chileans did not pay taxes. Salitre fever attracted thousands of foreigners who came from Europe and some of the United States. The "nitrate" or city offices located close to the mineral operations were a glorious time. Furniture, curtains, carpets were imported from France or England and foreigners also imported European governesses to educate their shoots.

Amid this flood of foreigners who populated northern Chilean appeared Greece. Was an numerous Collectivité Hellenic whose records were listed in two sources. One of these was the extensive collaboration that gave the Chilean press through its pages in the newspaper [[El Mercurio]]. The other end of the fire under the rubble of the first home that housed the proto-Hellenes of Chile.

In 1926 the first women's association for excellence, filóptoxos (friends of the poor) which was chaired by ''Xrisí Almallotis''. Since then to date there have been about four or five generations of descendants of Greeks. Some have moved south and are grouped mainly in [[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]] and [[Valparaíso]]. Others returned to the motherland after the first war but most of the immigrants stayed in their new country and founded ''numerous Greek-Chilean families''.<ref>[http://www.apocatastasis.com/story-greeks-chile-antofagasta.php Immigration in Chile.]</ref> The main member of this community the employer is '' Constantino Kochifas'', owner of the ships Skorpios in [[Puerto Montt]].

===Switzerland===
{{main|Swiss Chileans}}
There are currently 5,000 Swiss citizens residing in Chile, and <ref name="Suizos, 90.000"/> and 130,000 [[Swiss people|Swiss descendants]],<ref name="Suizos, 100.000-1"/><ref name="Suizos, 100.000-2"/><ref name="Suizos, 100.000-3"/> of whom 60,000 are from colonizations sponsored by the State of Chile in 19th century, and another 30,000 are emigrants during World War I and II.<ref name="Suizos, 90.000"/>

The number of [[Switzerland|Swiss]] in Chile seems larger than it actually is. This is because Swiss linguistic and cultural characteristics are commonly confused with those of [[German Chilean|Germans]], [[Italian Chilean|Italians]] and [[French people|French]]. Swiss migration to Chile took place at the end of the 19th century, between 1883 and 1900, particularly to the area of [[Araucanía (historic region)|Araucanía]], especially to [[Victoria, Chile|Victoria]] and Traiguén. It is estimated that more than 8,000 Swiss families received grants of land.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.swissinfo.org/spa/reportajes/detail/Chile_Los_suizos_del_fin_del_mundo.html?siteSect=108&sid=4718470&cKey=1076695777000&ty=st8 |title=Chile: Los suizos del fin del mundo |last=Dufey |first=Alberto |work=Swissinfo |date=13 February 2004 |access-date=25 January 2009 |archive-date=9 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209122746/http://www.swissinfo.org/spa/reportajes/detail/Chile_Los_suizos_del_fin_del_mundo.html?siteSect=108&sid=4718470&cKey=1076695777000&ty=st8 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In the 19th century, the opening up of new lands in the New World and the economic crisis in Europe motivated the most impoverished sectors of society to emigrate, mainly to United States in North America, to Australia, and to [[Brazil]], [[Uruguay]], Argentina and Chile in South America. It was an organized exodus of limited duration. As economic immigration increased, the State assumed a regulatory role by granting or denying requests for permission to settle there.

Formal reports of Swiss immigrants' experiences in southern Chile began in 1853. Official reports of the Swiss Consulate in [[Valparaiso]] highlighted the advantages and disadvantages that Chile offered to migrants from Europe. Around 1884, the Chilean Government invited citizens from various European countries to settle in supposedly "pacified" southern territories in Araucania, where the first Swiss, French and German settlers continued to be harassed by the hosts commanded by the mapuche leader Colipi until 1889.

The procedure was as follows: the settlers were met by government authorities at Talca, held in quarantine, and then taken to Angol, where each family received farming tools and a cart with oxen to travel to the "promised land." In one documented case, in the town of Puren, each family was freely assigned 40 hectares, plus other 20 hectares for each son capable of working those lands.  In addition, each family received a subsidy of 15 pesos per month and one milking cow.  In turn, the family had to undertake to live in their allocated plot, fence it, build a home and work it directly.

Only 28 years after the commencement of [[German Chilean|German colonization in southern Chile]], the Federal Council in 1881 authorized specialized agencies to operate in Switzerland to recruit migrants. The Federal Council, after years of examining the advantages and disadvantages to admitting migrants, posed as a premise the assumption that the Chilean authorities insisted on peace in Araucanía, which had not yet been fully accomplished. The first contingent departed Switzerland in November 1883. Subsequent authorizations would depend on its success. The first group was composed of 1311 families who landed in a Chilean port 19 December 1883.
Between 1883 and 1886 12,602 people, representing 7% of emigration from Switzerland overseas, traveled to the territory of Araucanía . The operations continued until 1890, when it was recorded that 22,708 Swiss had come to the heart of ''the Araucania''. Between 1915 and 1950, after the last recorded mass exodus of Swiss to Chile 30,000 residents were found to be installed in the central area of the country, primarily in [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]] and [[Valparaiso]].<ref>[http://schweizergruppe.sv.tc/ Swiss in Chile.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925011120/http://schweizergruppe.sv.tc/ |date=25 September 2009}}</ref>

===Netherlands===
{{main|Dutch Chilean}}
In 1600, the Chilean city of [[Valdivia, Chile|Valdivia]] was conquered by Dutch pirate ''Sebastian de Cordes''.<ref>{{in lang|es}}. [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/01338331911915277755802/p0000001.htm Holandeses en Valdivia.]</ref> He left the city after some months. Then in 1642 the VOC and the WIC sent a fleet of ships to Chile to conquer the city of Valdivia and seize the goldmines of the Spanish.<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.valdiviachile.com/ciudad/descubre-valdivia/historia-valdivia.htm Valdivia.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124210333/http://www.valdiviachile.com/ciudad/descubre-valdivia/historia-valdivia.htm |date=24 January 2010 }}</ref> The expedition was conducted by [[Hendrik Brouwer]], a Dutch general. In 1643 Brouwer conquered the [[Chiloé Archipelago]] and the city of Valdivia.<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.memoriachilena.cl/temas/dest.asp?id=holandesesvaldivia Navegantes holandeses en Chile.]</ref> Brouwer died on 7 August 1643, and the vice-general ''Elias Herckmans'' took control.

The second [[emigration]] from the [[Netherlands]] to Chile came in 1895. Under the so-called "Inspector General of Colonization and Chilean Immigration" a dozen Dutch families settled between 1895 and 1897 in [[Chiloé Archipelago|Chiloé]], particularly in Mechaico, [[Cucao and Huillinco|Huillinco]] and [[Chacao, Chile|Chacao]]. In the same period Hageman Egbert arrived in Chile.<ref>[http://members.tripod.com/jans_chile.cl/hageman.htm Egbert Hageman.]</ref> with his family, 14 April 1896, settling in Rio Gato, near [[Puerto Montt]]. The Wennekool family came to Chile and inaugurated the Dutch colonization of [[Villarrica, Chile|Villarrica]].<ref>[http://members.tripod.com/jans_chile.cl/holandeses1.htm Netherlands in Chile.]</ref>

In the early 20th century, a large group of Dutch people, known as [[Boers]], arrived in Chile from South Africa and worked mainly in construction of the railway. The [[Boer War]] would eventually lead in 1902 to the British annexation of both the Dutch and British colonies. Some of the [[Boers]], also called Afrikaners decided to return to Europe, many of them after a long stay in British camps. Shortly after their return to the Netherlands, some were presented with the opportunity to immigrate to Chile with the help of the Chilean government.

On 4 May 1903, a group of over 200 Dutch emigrants sailed on the steamship "Oropesa," of the "Pacific Steam Navigation Company," from La Rochelle (La Pallice) in France. The majority of migrants were born in the Netherlands: 35% were from North Holland and [[South Holland]], 13% from [[North Brabant]], 9% from [[Zeeland]] and another 9% from Gelderland. Only a dozen children had been born in South Africa (in [[Pretoria]], [[Johannesburg]], Valkrust, Roode Koog, Muurfontein, Platrand, Watersaltoon and [[Cape Town]]/Kaapstad). Among the emigrants was a small group of singles, but most were married couples with children (some had as many as five children).

On 5 June, they traveled by train to their final destination, the city of [[Pitrufquén]], located south of [[Temuco]], near the hamlet of Donguil. Another group of Dutch emigres arrived shortly after in Talcahuano, aboard the "Oravi" and the "Orissa". The Dutch colony in Donguil was christened "Colonia Nueva Transvala" or "New Transvaal Colony". Between 7 February 1907 and 18 February 1909, more than 500 families eventually settled in Chile to start a new life.

It is currently estimated that there are about 105,000 Chileans of [[Dutch people|Dutch]] descent in Chile, mostly located in [[Malleco Province|Malleco]], [[Gorbea, Chile|Gorbea]], [[Pitrufquén]], Faja Maisan and around [[Temuco]].<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130818221629/http://www.cstandt.com/content/dutch-immigration Dutch immigration.]}}</ref><ref>[http://members.tripod.com/jans_chile.cl/holandeses3.htm Holando-bóers al sur de Chile.]</ref>

===Hungary===
{{main|Hungarian Chilean}}
In South America, more Hungarians settled in Argentina and Brazil. But Chile was a major point of passage for Hungarians to other countries in North America (the United States or Canada) and Australia. Most Hungarian immigrants to Australia came from South America during the first half of the 20th century. According to 2001 census estimates, there are around 40,000 people of Hungarian descent living in Chile, the main concentration are in [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]]. {{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}

===Lithuania===
{{citation needed span|After the [[Nazi German]] occupation and Soviet annexation of the [[Baltic States]] when WWII ended, tens of thousands of [[Lithuanians]] and [[Latvians]] fled Communist Soviet rule to Chile. They managed to prosper and preserve Baltic culture, when their homelands struggled to break free from Russia by 1990.|date=July 2010}}

===Poland===
{{main|Polish Chilean}}
A small number of Poles came to Chile, with first of them coming during the [[Napoleonic wars]]. In the early 20th century, there were around 300 Poles in Chile. After World War II, around 1,500 Poles, mostly former ''[[Zivilarbeiter]]'' (forced laborers in Nazi Germany), settled in Chile, and in 1949 the [[Association of Poles in Chile]] was founded. A significant majority of Polish Chileans live in [[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]].<ref>[http://www.santiagodechile.polemb.net/index.php?document=41 Poles in Chile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724020432/http://www.santiagodechile.polemb.net/index.php?document=41 |date=24 July 2011 }}</ref> One of the notable Polish Chileans is [[Ignacy Domeyko]].

===Russia===
{{main|Russian Chileans}}
{{citation needed span|According to the 2001 Chilean Census, about 5,500 Russians live in the country, but other demographic estimates of Chileans with Russian descent climb to over 60,000.|date=April 2010}}
It included Poles due to [[Partitions of Poland]].

The first Russians came to Chile in the early 19th century as part of naval expeditions circumnavigating the globe, among them captains ''Otto Kotsebu, Fyodor Litke, and Vasili Golovnin''. However, they were just temporary visitors; the earliest Russian migrants came in 1854. The immigrants of that time belonged to different ethnic groups of the Russian Empire, particularly to minorities. Among them were seafarers and traders as well as medical professionals such as Alexei Sherbakov, who served as a surgeon in the [[Chilean Navy]] during the [[War of the Pacific]].<ref name="EmbRus">Embajada de la Federación de Rusia en la República de Chile. [http://www.chile.mid.ru/0ld/120604_05.html ''Los primeros rusos en Chile.''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226014041/http://www.chile.mid.ru/0ld/120604_05.html |date=26 December 2008 }}</ref> In the period between World War I and World War II, political motivations for migration came to the forefront; the number of [[White_émigré|White Russian]] emigres in Chile grew to about 90%.<ref name="EmbRus"/> In the 1950s, their numbers were further bolstered by arrivals from among the [[Harbin Russians|Russian expatriate community in Harbin]]. The Russian Cemetery was founded in 1954 to provide a separate space for burials for the community.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

==Immigration from the Americas==
[[File:Inmigrantes en Chile.jpg|thumbnail|right|Immigration has made of Chile a more ethnically diverse country.]]

Though during all its history, Chile has received immigrants from other American countries. The economic and political stability of the last decade has been one of the determinant factors in the growing entrance of immigrants of said origin to the country. Although the majority come from Argentina and Peru due to those countries' proximity, a good number of [[Bolivia]]ns, [[Ecuador]]ians, [[Colombia]]ns, [[Brazil]]ians, [[Venezuela]]ns, [[Mexico|Mexicans]], [[Canada|Canadians]], [[Central Americans]] (mostly [[Nicaraguans]] and [[Salvadorans]]), [[Uruguay]]ans, [[Caribbean]] islanders (recently the small wave of [[Haitians]]) and [[Paraguay]]ans. Also United States citizens have entered. They have found reception in the country, being employed in diverse branches of the Chilean economic task.

===Argentina===
{{main|Argentine Chilean}}
[[Immigration to Argentina|Argentine immigration]] is a longstanding phenomenon that goes back to Chilean independence and the time of the Army of the Andes. The first Argentines arrived when the Organization of the [[Republic of Chile]] was launched in 1823 after [[Independence]], as was the case with both [[Manuel Blanco Encalada]] and [[Bartolomé Mitre]]. The Argentine community has always been important. In the mid-1990s, when the first symptoms of the Argentine economic and social crises began to be noted, and especially when the crisis exploded at the end of 2001, over 100,000 left Argentina for Chile. As a result, in early 2005 they succeeded in becoming the first true foreign colony in the country.

The Argentine colony resides primarily in the [[IV Region of Coquimbo]] and [[IX Region of La Araucanía|La Araucanía Region IX]], and has great influence in the [[XII Region of Magallanes and the Chilean Antarctica|region of Patagonia]] due to the proximity of the various peoples and since the [[geographic]] barrier of [[Andes|the Andes]] does not exist there.

===Bolivia===
Bolivian immigration is minor in comparison to the Argentine and [[Peru]]vian communities in Chile, but it is not unimportant with more than 20,000 immigrants in the year 2008. This is due primarily to the tense relations that have existed between the two countries, primarily since the [[War of the Pacific]]. The continuous diplomatic conflicts between Chile and Bolivia have resulted in the absence of diplomatic relations between them since the mid-1970s. In spite of this, thousands of Bolivians in search of better economic situations have entered Chile, settling primarily in [[Arica]] and [[Calama, Chile|Calama]] during the 1960s and since the end of the 1990s.

On the other hand, it is important to emphasize the immigration of the Bolivian elite, who have come primarily for academic reasons. Many of the principal political and economic figures in [[Bolivia]] have studied in Chile for a great part of their lives.

===Ecuador===
In reality, approximately 15,000 Ecuadorans live in Chilean territory, a number that has risen exponentially during the late 1990s. For many years, [[Ecuador]] had been considered a friend of Chile. The Ecuadoran [[immigrants]] are largely professionals, principally in the medical fields, and skilled labourers who engage in a various trades.

===Peru===
{{main|Peruvian Chilean}}
Although Peruvian immigrants have been one of the principal groups of [[Latin American]] origin that have settled in Chile, their importance has risen in recent years. The ties between the two regions have been strong since the colonial period: the [[Captaincy General of Chile]] first formed part of the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]] then was the [[Captaincy General of Chile]], independent from 1798. After the War of the Pacific that pitted Chile against the Bolivian-Peruvian alliance between 1879 and 1883, Chile incorporated the Peruvian territories of the [[Tarapacá Department (Peru)|Department of Tarapacá]] and the provinces of [[Arica]], [[Tacna]] (until 1929) and [[Tarata Province|Tarata]] (until 1925). In these zones in the north of Chile, which were Chile-ized since 1910, they maintained relations primarily of an economic, cultural and even familial nature.

At the end of the 20th century, Chile's economic prosperity began to produce a rapid growth in [[Immigration to Peru|Peruvian immigration]] to the central zone of the country. Although many Peruvian immigrants were professionals and held important positions in companies, the majority were of low socioeconomic origin in search of new opportunities for their families. Consequently, they took low-paying positions in the beginning, such as laborers or domestics, and sent their small remittances to their families in their home countries. Many of these immigrants also [[Illegal immigration to Chile|entered the country illegally]]. Nevertheless, the Asian financial crisis that affected Chile beginning in 1998 provoked a rise in unemployment figures, surpassing 12%, while Peruvian immigration was increasing. These events caused the public to begin discussing the situation of the Peruvian colony in Chile, with many people claiming that the immigrants were "stealing" Chilean jobs.

In reality, the Peruvian immigrants formed one of the principal foreign colonies in Chile. Some groups of Peruvians have named one of the principal locations of the Peruvian colony "Little Lima" ''(Pequeña Lima)''. It is located in the vicinity of the [[Plaza de Armas]] in [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]], which has motivated some groups to question the Chilean authorities for permitting the use of the historic district and symbol of the city by the immigrants. The number of Peruvians in Chile is estimated at 85,000, principally residing in Santiago.

===Immigration from the United States and Canada===
{{Main|North Americans in Chile}}

{{More citations needed|date=June 2011}}
Americans and Canadians have long come to Chile and other South American countries. Many Chilean miners, ranchers and businessmen immigrated to the United States (see also [[Chilean American]]) as well to Canada aware of the opportunities provided in North America in the 19th and 20th centuries.

===Other immigrants from the Americas===
Although they do not have the importance of the aforementioned colonies, there exist an important number of immigrants coming from other countries in the Americas. According to the 2002 report of the [[International Organization for Migration]], more than 10,000 people from the United States have immigrated to Chile, most of whom initially arrived to work for multinational corporations and possess professional degrees and are well situated economically.

According to the same report (2002), more than 9,000 [[Colombia]]ns, 8,900 [[Brazil]]ians, and 5,000 [[Venezuela]]ns had settled in Chile. These communities had arrived in the country seeking better economic and academic opportunities, but in general had assimilated into general society. They are, in the majority, well received by the Chileans and are employed in diverse labor activities and have established local businesses.

Along the same lines, more than 3,000 [[Cuba]]ns have settled in Chile, the majority holding professional degrees. The number of medical centers operated by Cubans has increased in the past few years and they have proven to be great successes as a result of their low costs.

As of November 2021, numbers of people entering Chile from elsewhere in Latin America have grown swiftly in the last decade, tripling in the last three years to 1.5 million, with arrivals stemming from humanitarian crises in Haiti (ca. 180,000) and Venezuela (ca 460,000).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalriskinsights.com/2021/11/chilean-election-unlikely-to-halt-new-barriers-to-immigration/ | title=Chilean Election Unlikely to Halt New Barriers to Immigration | work=Global Risk Insights | date=20 November 2021 }}</ref>

==Immigration from Asia==
<gallery class="center">
Mezquita de Coquimbo - panoramio (1).jpg|Mosque Mohammed VI Center for Dialogue of Civilizations, in Coquimbo.
Celebración Festividad Judía Januca (5249101479).jpg|Jewish Hanukkah in La Moneda Palace, Santiago.
Niños gitanos en Antofagasta.jpg|Nomadic settlement of Romani people in Antofagasta.
Club Árabe Viña.jpg|Frontis of Arabian Club in Viña del Mar.
</gallery>

It is estimated that near the 4% of the Chilean population is of Asian origin, who are Asian immigrants and descendants, chiefly of the Middle East. There are a large community of [[Arab Chileans]] (i.e. Palestinians, Syrians, Lebanese and Middle East Armenians), and the total number are around 800,000.<ref>[http://www.blog-v.com/arabesenchile/ Arab Chileans.]</ref> Note that [[Israelis]], both Jewish and non-Jewish citizens of the nation of Israel may be included.

Chile is home to a large population of immigrants, mostly Christian, from the [[Levant]].<ref>[http://www.blog-v.com/arabesenchile/ Arab.]</ref> Roughly 500,000 [[Palestinian people|Palestinian descendants]] are believed to reside in Chile.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/CultureAndMedia/?id=1.0.2050534508 |title=Chile: Palestinian refugees arrive to warm welcome. |access-date=20 August 2009 |archive-date=24 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124194143/http://www1.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/CultureAndMedia/?id=1.0.2050534508 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://laventana.casa.cult.cu/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=514 |title=La Ventana - Littin: "Quiero que esta película sea una contribución a la paz" |url-status=dead |access-date=14 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722073846/http://laventana.casa.cult.cu/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=514 |archive-date=22 July 2009  }}</ref> And the effects of their migration are widely visible. The earliest such migrants came in the 1850s, with others arriving during World War I and later the [[1948 Arab-Israeli war]]. The ''Club Palestino'' is one of the most prestigious social clubs in Santiago.<ref>{{citation|periodical=Américas |last=Holston |first=Mark |date=1 November 2005 |access-date=29 July 2009 |url=http://www.articlearchives.com/south-america/chile-santiago-chile/914068-1.html |issn=0379-0975 |title=Orgullosos palestinos de Chile |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505135845/http://www.articlearchives.com/south-america/chile-santiago-chile/914068-1.html |archive-date=5 May 2012  }}</ref> They are believed to form the largest Palestinian community outside of the [[Arab world]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/misc/newsid_6270000/6270640.stm | work=BBC News | title=Un chileno "da la pelea por Palestina" | date=13 August 2007 | access-date=5 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{citation|periodical=El Economista|url=http://ecodiario.eleconomista.es/sociedad/noticias/1028142/02/09/Los-palestinos-miran-con-esperanza-su-futuro-en-Chile-sin-olvidar-Gaza-e-Irak.html|date=11 February 2009 |access-date=29 July 2009|title=Los palestinos miran con esperanza su futuro en Chile sin olvidar Gaza e Irak |last1=Es |first1=Eleconomista }}</ref> Aside from these migrants of previous decades, Chile has also taken in some Palestinian refugees in later years, as in April 2008 when they received 117 from the [[Al-Waleed (camp)|Al-Waleed refugee camp]] on the [[Syria]]-[[Iraq]] border near the Al-Tanf crossing.<ref>{{citation |periodical=BBC World; BBC News |title=Chile recibirá a refugiados palestinos |first=Andrea |last=Henríquez |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/international/newsid_7305000/7305722.stm |date=31 March 2008 |access-date=29 July 2009}}</ref> The situation in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] has caused tensions even thousands of miles away between the Israeli and Palestinian communities in Chile.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.emol.com/noticias/internacional/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=337345|periodical=El Mercurio|date=29 December 2008|access-date=29 July 2009|title=Palestinos e israelíes en Chile: La situación en Gaza es una "pena"|first1=Leslie|last1=Aguirre|first2=M. Francisca|last2=Prieto}}</ref>

In recent years, Chile had enlarged East Asian populations: considerably from China and Taiwan (See [[Chinese people in Chile]]) with a more recent wave from Japan (see [[Japanese Chilean]]) and [[South Korea]] (see [[Koreans in Chile]]). The earliest wave of East Asian immigration took place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, mainly Chinese and Japanese contract laborers. A small community of [[Indians in Chile]] also exists.

==Immigration from Sub-Saharan Africa==
From the beginning, small numbers of African slaves arrived with the [[Conquistador]]s. These slaves (and their descendants) constituted 1.5% of the national population at the beginning of the 19th century.<ref>Rolando Mellafe (1959): "La introducción de la esclavitud negra en Chile. Tráfico y rutas", Universidad de Chile (Departamento Historia Instituto Pedagógico). Santiago.</ref> Later on, their descendants—called ''"pardos"'' by the Spanish—were partially "absorbed" into the general population through intermarriage. For this reason, about 50% of Chileans have a tiny degree of [[Sub-Saharan African]] ancestry,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eldinamo.cl/2013/08/19/estudio-genetico-en-chilenos-muestra-desconocida-herencia-africana/ |title=Estudio genético en chilenos muestra desconocida herencia africana &#124; El Dínamo |publisher=Eldinamo.cl |date=19 August 2013 |access-date=4 January 2015 |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706180053/http://www.eldinamo.cl/2013/08/19/estudio-genetico-en-chilenos-muestra-desconocida-herencia-africana/ |archive-date=6 July 2014 }}</ref> and the number of Chileans with considerable contribution of African ancestry is negligible or virtually nonexistent.

== Number of Immigrants ==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; width:60%; text-align:right;"
|- style="background:#333366;"
! rowspan=2|Year
! rowspan=2|Total Population
! colspan=5|Immigrant Population<ref>{{cite web|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas|title=Censos digitalizados|url=http://www.ine.cl/canales/usuarios/censos_digitalizados.php|access-date=1 March 2013|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (Chile)}}</ref>
|- style="background:#333366;"
! Total
! %
! European
! Latin American
! Others
|-
| 1865
| 1,819,223
| 21,982
| 1.21%
| 53.7%
| 41.4%
| 4.9%
|-
| 1875
| 2,075,971
| 25,199
| 1.21%
| 62.3%
| 33.0%
| 4.7%
|-
| 1885
| 2,057,005
| 87,077
| 4.23%
| 30.1%
| 67.2%
| 2.7%
|-
| 1907
| 3,249,279
| 134,524
| 4.5%
| 53.3%
| 42.7%
| 4.0%
|-
| 1920
| 3,731,593
| 114,114
| 3.06%
| 60.0%
| 31.2%
| 8.9%
|-
| 1930
| 4,287,445
| 105,463
| 2.46%
| 60.0%
| 24.6%
| 15.4%
|-
| 1940
| 5,023,539
| 107,273
| 2.14%
| 67.2%
| 21.7%
| 11.1%
|-
| 1952
| 5,932,995
| 103,878
| 1.75%
| 55.9%
| 23.4%
| 20.7%
|-
| 1960
| 7,374,115
| 104,853
| 1.42%
| 60.9%
| 26.1%
| 13.0%
|-
| 1970
| 8,884,768
| 90,441
| 1.02%
| 53.3%
| 34.4%
| 12.3%
|-
| 1982
| 11,275,440
| 84,345
| 0.75%
| 31.8%
| 54.5%
| 13.7%
|-
| 1992
| 13,348,401
| 114,597
| 0.86%
| 20.1%
| 65.1%
| 14.8%
|-
| 2002
| 15,116,435
| 184,464
| 1.22%
| 17.2%
| 71.8%
| 11.0%
|-
| 2012
| 16,634,603
| 339,536
| 2.04%
| 10.5%
| 85.6%
| 3.8%
|-
| 2017
| 17,574,003
| 1,119,267
| 6.1%
| 12.4%
| 83.8%
| 3.8%
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ethnic groups in Chile}}
{{Chile topics}}
{{South America in topic|Immigration to}}
{{Americas topic|Immigration to}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Immigration To Chile}}
[[Category:Immigration to Chile| ]]
[[Category:Society of Chile]]
[[Category:Social history of Chile]]