View source for ISO/TR 11941

{{short description|ISO Korean romanization system}}
{{Korean romanization}}

'''ISO/TR 11941:1996''' (''Information and documentation — Transliteration of Korean script into Latin characters'') is a [[Korean language|Korean]] [[Korean romanization|romanization]] system used in [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO). It is not commonly used, but is used in character names in [[Unicode]] and [[ISO/IEC 10646]].

The standard was withdrawn in December 2013.

== Transliteration rules ==
{|
| style="vertical-align:top"|
=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
! rowspan="2"|Hangul!! colspan="2"|Latin
|-
!Method I<br><span style="font-size: 80%">(North Korea)</span>!!Method II<br><span style="font-size: 80%">(South Korea)</span>
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㄱ}}||k||g
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅋ}}||kh||k
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㄲ}}||kk||gg
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㄷ}}||t||d
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅌ}}||th||t
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㄸ}}||tt||dd
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅂ}}||p||b
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅍ}}||ph||p
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅃ}}||pp||bb
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅈ}}||c||j
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅊ}}||ch||c
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅉ}}||cc||jj
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅅ}}|| colspan="2"|s
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅆ}}|| colspan="2"|ss
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅎ}}|| colspan="2"|h
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅇ}}|| colspan="2"|'/ng{{efn|Not transliterated word-initially, ' (apostrophe) as a syllabic initial (always, except word-initially; e.g. {{lang|ko|아이}} ''a'i''), ''ng'' as a syllabic final (e.g. {{lang|ko|방}} ''pang''/''bang'').}}
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㄴ}}|| colspan="2"|n
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㄹ}}|| colspan="2"|r/l{{efn|''r'' as a syllabic initial, ''l'' as a syllabic final (e.g. {{lang|ko|를}} ''reul'').}}
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅁ}}|| colspan="2"|m
|}
| style="vertical-align:top"|
=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
!Hangul!!Latin
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅏ}}||a
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅓ}}||eo
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅗ}}||o
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅜ}}||u
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅡ}}||eu
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅣ}}||i
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅐ}}||ae
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅔ}}||e
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅚ}}||oe
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅑ}}||ya
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅕ}}||yeo
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅛ}}||yo
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅠ}}||yu
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅒ}}||yae
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅖ}}||ye
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅘ}}||wa
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅝ}}||weo
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅟ}}||wi
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅙ}}||wae
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅞ}}||we
|-
|{{lang|ko|ㅢ}}||yi
|}
|}
=== Apostrophe ===
An apostrophe is used for resolving ambiguity. It is used in the following cases.
* Both Method I and Method II:
** When {{lang|ko|ㅇ}} appears at the initial position of a non-initial syllable of a polysyllabic word (e.g. {{lang|ko|앉아라}} ''anc'ara''/''anj'ara'')
** When {{lang|ko|ㄲ}}, {{lang|ko|ㄸ}}, {{lang|ko|ㅃ}}, {{lang|ko|ㅉ}}, or {{lang|ko|ㅆ}} appears at the initial position of a non-initial syllable of a polysyllabic word (e.g. {{lang|ko|아까}} ''a'kka''/''a'gga'')
* Method I only:
** When {{lang|ko|ㅋ}}, {{lang|ko|ㅌ}}, {{lang|ko|ㅍ}}, or {{lang|ko|ㅊ}} appears at the initial position of a non-initial syllable of a polysyllabic word (e.g. {{lang|ko|애타다}} ''ae'thata'')

In fact, the above rules are ''always'' applied; they are applied even when there is no ambiguity (e.g. {{lang|ko|아이}} ''a'i'', {{lang|ko|흰떡}} ''hyin'tteok''/''hyin'ddeog'').

== In character names in Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 ==
In Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646, both Method I and Method II are used for character names.
* Method I: characters in the [[Hangul Jamo (Unicode block)|Hangul Jamo]] and [[Hangul Compatibility Jamo]] blocks (e.g. U+1103 {{lang|ko|ᄃ}} {{sc2|HANGUL CHOSEONG '''T'''I'''K'''EU'''T'''}} ({{lang|ko|디귿}}), U+3148 {{lang|ko|ㅈ}} {{sc2|HANGUL LETTER '''C'''IEU'''C'''}} ({{lang|ko|지읒}}))
* Method II: characters in the [[Hangul Syllables]] block (e.g. U+AF43 {{lang|ko|꽃}}  {{sc2|HANGUL SYLLABLE '''GG'''O'''C'''}})

As an apostrophe is not allowed in character names, apostrophes are always omitted. For example, {{lang|ko|옛이응}} is ''yes'i'eung'' in ISO/TR 11941, but {{sc2|YESIEUNG}} in Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 (e.g. U+114C {{lang|ko|ᅌ}} {{sc2|HANGUL CHOSEONG YESIEUNG}}).

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.iso.org/standard/20564.html ISO/TR 11941:1996]

{{ISO standards}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:ISO TR 11941}}
[[Category:Romanization of Korean]]
[[Category:ISO technical reports|#11941]]
[[Category:ISO romanization|#11941]]
[[Category:Withdrawn ISO standards]]


{{standard-stub}}