View source for Hurricane Lenny

{{Short description|Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 1999}}
{{Redirect-distinguish|Tropical Storm Lenny|Tropical Storm Lannie}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox weather event
| image = Lenny 1999-11-17 1815Z (cropped).png
| caption = Lenny at its peak intensity while south of [[Saint Croix]] on November&nbsp;17
| formed = November&nbsp;13, 1999
| dissipated = November&nbsp;23, 1999
}}{{Infobox weather event/NWS
| winds = 135
| pressure = 933
}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects
| year = 1999
| fatalities = 17 direct
| damage = 785800000
| areas = [[Colombia]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[Lesser Antilles]] (particularly the [[Leeward Islands]])
| refs = 
}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer
| season = [[1999 Atlantic hurricane season]]
}}
'''Hurricane Lenny''' was the strongest November [[Atlantic hurricane]] since the [[1932 Cuba hurricane]]. It was the sixteenth [[tropical cyclone]], twelfth [[named storm]], eighth hurricane, and record-breaking fifth [[Category 4&nbsp;hurricane]] in the [[1999 Atlantic hurricane season]]. Lenny formed on November&nbsp;13 in the western [[Caribbean Sea]] at around 18:00 UTC and went on to form and maintain an unusual and unprecedented easterly track for its entire duration, which gave it the common nickname, "Wrong Way Lenny". It attained hurricane status south of [[Jamaica]] on November 15 and passed south of [[Hispaniola]] and [[Puerto Rico]] over the next few days. Lenny rapidly intensified over the northeastern Caribbean on November&nbsp;17, attaining peak winds of {{convert|155|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} about {{convert|21|mi|km|abbr=on}} south of [[Saint Croix]] in the [[United States Virgin Islands]]. It gradually weakened while moving through the [[Leeward Islands]], eventually dissipating on November&nbsp;23 over the open Atlantic Ocean.

Before moving through the Lesser Antilles, Lenny produced rough surf that killed two people in northern [[Colombia]]. Strong winds and rainfall resulted in heavy crop damage in southeastern Puerto Rico. Despite the hurricane's passage near Saint Croix at peak intensity, damage on the small island was only described as "moderate", although there was widespread flooding and erosion. Damage in the United States territories totaled about $330&nbsp;million. The highest precipitation total was {{convert|34.12|in|mm|abbr=on}} at the [[Gendarmerie|police station]] on the French side of [[Saint Martin (island)|Saint Martin]]. On the island, the hurricane killed three people and destroyed more than 200&nbsp;properties. In nearby [[Antigua and Barbuda]], the hurricane killed one person; torrential rainfall there contaminated the local water supply. Significant storm damage occurred as far south as [[Grenada]], where high surf isolated towns from the capital city.

== Meteorological history ==
{{Storm path|Lenny 1999 track.png}}
Hurricane Lenny began as a [[low-pressure area]] that was first observed in the southwestern Caribbean Sea on November&nbsp;8. It developed an area of [[convection (meteorology)|convection]] but remained poorly defined for the next few days. Thunderstorms spread across the region, producing heavy rainfall in portions of Mexico and Central America. On November&nbsp;13, the system became better organized; a [[Hurricane Hunters]] flight later that day discovered a surface circulation and [[Maximum sustained wind|winds]] of about {{convert|35|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. The data indicated the [[tropical cyclogenesis|development]] of Tropical Depression Sixteen at 1800&nbsp;[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]], about {{convert|175|mi|km|abbr=on}} south of the [[Cayman Islands]].<ref name="tcr">{{cite report|author=John L. Guiney|date=December 9, 1999|title=Hurricane Lenny Preliminary Report|publisher=[[National Hurricane Center]]|access-date=July 23, 2011|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL161999_Lenny.pdf}}</ref> The depression's convection was fairly disorganized, and the [[National Hurricane Center]] (NHC) did not anticipate any strengthening for three days.<ref>{{cite report|author=Miles B. Lawrence|date=November 13, 1999|title=Tropical Depression Sixteen Discussion One|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=July 23, 2011|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/1999/dis/NAL1699.001.html}}</ref> For much of its existence, the [[tropical cyclone]] maintained a track from west to east across the Caribbean Sea, which was unprecedented in the [[Atlantic hurricane season|Atlantic hurricane database]], earning it the nicknames "Left-Hand Lenny" and "Wrong Way Lenny". The path resulted from its movement along the southern end of a [[trough (meteorology)|trough]] over the western Atlantic Ocean.<ref name="tcr"/>

After its formation, the depression gradually became better organized;<ref>{{cite report|author=Richard Pasch|date=November 14, 1999|title=Tropical Depression Sixteen Discussion Two|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=July 23, 2011|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/1999/dis/NAL1699.002.html}}</ref> the NHC upgraded it to Tropical Storm Lenny on November&nbsp;14,<ref name="tcr"/> based on reports from the Hurricane Hunters. When it was first upgraded to a tropical storm, the cyclone already had winds of {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and a developing [[eye (cyclone)|eye feature]].<ref>{{cite report|author=Miles B. Lawrence|date=November 14, 1999|title=Tropical Storm Lenny Special Discussion Five|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=July 23, 2011|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/1999/dis/NAL1699.005.html}}</ref> At 0000&nbsp;UTC on November&nbsp;15, Lenny attained hurricane status about {{convert|175|mi|km|abbr=on}} southwest of [[Kingston, Jamaica]].<ref name="tcr"/> The quick intensification was unexpected and occurred after a large area of convection blossomed over the center. At the same time, Lenny developed an [[anticyclone]] aloft, which provided favorable conditions for the hurricane's development.<ref>{{cite report|author=Richard Pasch|date=November 15, 1999|title=Hurricane Lenny Discussion Seven|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=July 24, 2011|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/1999/dis/NAL1699.007.html}}</ref> After moving east-southeastward during its initial development stages, the hurricane turned more to the east on November&nbsp;15. The Hurricane Hunters reported winds of {{convert|100|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, which indicated that Lenny had become a Category&nbsp;2 on the [[Saffir-Simpson scale]].<ref>{{cite report|author=Jack Beven|date=November 15, 1999|title=Hurricane Lenny Discussion Eight|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=July 24, 2011|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/1999/dis/NAL1699.008.html}}</ref> However, the cloud pattern subsequently became less organized as the eye disappeared, and Lenny's winds weakened to {{convert|85|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} while the hurricane passed south of Hispaniola.<ref name="tcr"/> The NHC noted the deterioration could have been due to a disruption of the storm's small inner core by "subtle environmental changes". After the sudden weakening,<ref>{{cite report|author=Richard Pasch|date=November 16, 1999|title=Hurricane Lenny Discussion Eleven|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=July 24, 2011|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/1999/dis/NAL1699.011.html}}</ref> the Hurricane Hunters reported that the eye had reformed and the hurricane's winds had reached {{convert|100|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. At the time, a [[ridge (meteorology)|ridge]] was expected to build to Lenny's east and turn the storm northeastward into [[Puerto Rico]] 24&nbsp;hours later.<ref name="d12">{{cite report|author=Jack Beven|date=November 16, 1999|title=Hurricane Lenny Discussion Twelve|access-date=July 28, 2011|publisher=National Hurricane Center|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/1999/dis/NAL1699.012.html}}</ref>

Beginning on November&nbsp;16, Hurricane Lenny underwent a 24-hour period of [[rapid deepening]], reaching major hurricane status about {{convert|165|mi|km|abbr=on}} south of the [[Mona Passage]].<ref name="tcr"/> It developed well-defined [[rainband|banding features]], good [[outflow (meteorology)|outflow]], and a circular eye that was visible from the radar in [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]].<ref>{{cite report|author=Lixion Avila|date=November 16, 1999|title=Hurricane Lenny Discussion Fourteen|access-date=July 29, 2011|publisher=National Hurricane Center|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/1999/dis/NAL1699.014.html}}</ref> The hurricane continued to become better organized, with an eye {{convert|29|mi|km|abbr=on}} in diameter surrounded by a closed eyewall.<ref>{{cite report|author=Richard Pasch|date=November 16, 1999|title=Hurricane Lenny Discussion Fifteen|access-date=July 29, 2011|publisher=National Hurricane Center|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/1999/dis/NAL1699.015.html}}</ref> Around 1200&nbsp;UTC on November&nbsp;17, Lenny intensified into a Category&nbsp;4 hurricane while approaching the islands of the northeastern Caribbean. It was the fifth storm of such intensity in the year, setting the record for most Category&nbsp;4 hurricanes in a season.<ref name="tcr"/> The hurricane then made its closest approach to Puerto Rico, passing about {{convert|75|mi|km|abbr=on}} southeast of [[Maunabo, Puerto Rico|Maunabo]].<ref name="srh">{{cite report|publisher=San Juan, Puerto Rico National Weather Service Office|title=Preliminary Storm Report on Hurricane Lenny November 16–19 1999|access-date=July 30, 2011|url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/sju/?n=1999_lenny}}</ref> Shortly thereafter, Lenny attained peak winds of {{convert|155|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} while passing {{convert|21|mi|km|abbr=on}} south of the island of [[Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands|Saint Croix]] in the [[United States Virgin Islands]].<ref name="tcr"/> This made it the fourth-strongest hurricane on record to form during the month of November.<ref>{{cite report|author=Michael Brennan|date=January 26, 2009|title=Hurricane Paloma Tropical Cyclone Report|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=July 29, 2011|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL172008_Paloma}}|format=PDF}}</ref> Hurricane Hunters reported Lenny's peak winds in the southeastern portion of the hurricane; the group also reported a minimum [[atmospheric pressure|pressure]] of 933&nbsp;[[Bar (unit)|mbar]], a drop of 34&nbsp;mbar in 24&nbsp;hours. In addition, a [[dropsonde]] recorded winds of {{convert|210|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} while descending to the surface, the highest dropsonde wind speed recording in a hurricane at the time.<ref name="tcr"/>

Around the time it peaked in intensity, Lenny's forward speed decreased in response to light [[Tropical cyclone#Steering winds|steering currents]] between two ridges. Despite favorable conditions for strengthening, the hurricane weakened as it turned to an eastward drift, possibly due to the [[upwelling]] of cooler waters. Late on November&nbsp;18, Lenny's eye moved over [[Saint Martin (island)|Saint Martin]] with winds of {{convert|125|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. After continued weakening, the hurricane struck [[Anguilla]] and [[Saint Barthélemy]] the next day. It turned southeastward while still drifting, bringing heavy rainfall and strong winds to the islands across the northeastern Caribbean.<ref name="tcr"/> Late on November&nbsp;19, Lenny weakened to tropical storm intensity after increased [[wind shear]] exposed the cyclone's center from the deepest convection.<ref name="tcr"/><ref>{{cite report|author=Lixion Avila|date=November 19, 1999|title=Tropical Storm Lenny Discussion Twenty-Six|access-date=July 30, 2011|publisher=National Hurricane Center|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/1999/dis/NAL1699.026.html}}</ref> Early on November&nbsp;20, the storm made landfall on Anguilla,<ref name="tcr"/> although by then the center had become difficult to locate.<ref>{{cite report|author=Miles B. Lawrence|date=November 20, 1999|title=Tropical Storm Lenny Discussion Twenty-Seven|access-date=July 30, 2011|publisher=National Hurricane Center|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/1999/dis/NAL1699.027.html}}</ref> Later that day, the cyclone exited the Caribbean,<ref>{{cite report|author=James Franklin|date=November 20, 1999|title=Tropical Storm Lenny Discussion Twenty-Eight|access-date=July 30, 2011|publisher=National Hurricane Center|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/1999/dis/NAL1699.028.html}}</ref> continuing its southeast track. On November&nbsp;21, Lenny turned to the northeast and weakened to a tropical depression.<ref name="tcr"/> The deep convection was located at least {{convert|100|mi|km|abbr=on}} east of the increasingly elongated center.<ref>{{cite report|author=James Franklin|date=November 21, 1999|title=Tropical Depression Lenny Discussion Thirty-Two|access-date=July 30, 2011|publisher=National Hurricane Center|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/1999/dis/NAL1699.032.html}}</ref> Lenny turned to the east for the final time early on November&nbsp;22, dissipating on the next day about {{convert|690|mi|km|abbr=on}} east of the Lesser Antilles.<ref name="tcr"/>

== Preparations ==
[[File:Lenny 1999-11-17 1545Z.png|thumb|Hurricane Lenny south of the [[United States Virgin Islands]] in November 17]]
Early in Lenny's existence, a [[tropical cyclone warnings and watches|tropical storm warning]] and hurricane watch were issued for Jamaica. Later, a hurricane watch was issued for the southern coast of [[Hispaniola]], and a tropical storm warning was also issued for the Dominican Republic.<ref name="tcr"/> Haitian officials declared a state of alert in three southern provinces and allocated about $1&nbsp;million (1999&nbsp;USD) in hurricane funds.<ref name="afp1116"/> Residents in flood-prone areas were advised to evacuate in southern Haiti and in the neighboring Dominican Republic.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=Observer-Reporter|date=November 16, 1999|title=Hurricane Lenny Gains Strength, Threatens Islands|access-date=August 14, 2011|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=imdeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=M2ENAAAAIBAJ&pg=4198,36084&dq=lenny+jamaica&hl=en}}</ref><ref name="ppg"/>

A hurricane watch was issued for Puerto Rico and the [[Virgin Islands]] late on November&nbsp;15, which was upgraded to a hurricane warning six hours later.<ref name="tcr"/> By that time, Lenny was projected to move over Puerto Rico.<ref name="d12"/> After Lenny made its closest approach to the island, the hurricane warning was downgraded to a tropical storm warning on November&nbsp;17, which was discontinued the following day along with the advisories in the Virgin Islands.<ref name="tcr"/> In Puerto Rico, the media maintained continuous coverage on the hurricane based on statements and warnings from the San Juan [[National Weather Service]] office. Based on the coverage, the public was well informed of the hurricane's threat to the island. Before the storm and as a result of its impact, around 4,700&nbsp;people evacuated to 191&nbsp;shelters. This included 1,190&nbsp;residents in [[Ponce, Puerto Rico|Ponce]] who evacuated to 27&nbsp;schools, as well as 584&nbsp;people in western Puerto Rico.<ref name="is"/> Officials closed all schools, banned the sale of alcohol, and ordered a freeze on the price of emergency supplies.<ref name="BBC article">{{cite news|title=Hurricane Lenny threatens Puerto Rico |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/523905.stm|access-date=October 10, 2011|publisher=BBC|date=November 17, 1999}}</ref> The [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] (FEMA) activated six medical assistance teams, three medical support teams, and two advance medical assessment units. The agency stored five days' worth of food in schools in the U.S. Virgin Islands.<ref>{{cite web|author=Federal Emergency Management Agency|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=November 17, 1999|title=FEMA Mobilizes in Response to Hurricane Lenny|access-date=October 10, 2011|url=http://reliefweb.int/node/56776}}</ref> Before the hurricane's arrival, U.S. Virgin Islands governor [[Charles Wesley Turnbull]] declared a state of emergency.<ref>{{cite web|author=Cynthia Long|work=DisasterRelief.org|publisher=ReliefWeb|title=Hurricane Lenny heads for Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands|date=November 17, 1999|access-date=October 10, 2011|url=http://reliefweb.int/node/56826}}</ref> In St. Croix, 309&nbsp;people rode out the storm in shelters.<ref name="srh"/> Officials opened eight shelters in the [[British Virgin Islands]].<ref name="is"/> There, airlines and hotels assisted in evacuating tourists from the area.<ref>{{cite web|author=Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=November 16, 1999|title=CDERA Situation Report # 2 - Hurricane Lenny|access-date=October 10, 2011|url=http://reliefweb.int/node/56782}}</ref>

Governments across the eastern Caribbean issued hurricane warnings as far south as [[Montserrat]].<ref name="tcr"/> In Anguilla, residents near the coast were advised to evacuate. Schools closed ahead of the storm, and the ferry between the island and Saint Martin was halted and moved to a safe location. In Saint Kitts and Nevis, the National Emergency Management Agency was activated on November&nbsp;16. Officials there advised residents living near [[ghat|ghauts]] to evacuate, and one shelter was located in each district of the country. In addition, stores were open for longer hours to allow people to stock up on supplies.<ref>{{cite web|author=Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=November 16, 1999|title=Situation Report # 3 - Hurricane Lenny|access-date=October 10, 2011|url=http://reliefweb.int/node/56832}}</ref> Most businesses and schools were closed in Antigua and Barbuda during the storm, while in Dominica, the airport was closed.<ref name="ifrc1118">{{cite web|author=International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=November 18, 1999|title=Caribbean Hurricane Lenny Alert |access-date=October 10, 2011|url=http://reliefweb.int/node/56788}}</ref> Further south, there was little warning for the hurricane in Grenada, and most people left their boats in the water.<ref>{{cite web|author=Peter Coles|year=2003|publisher=UNESCO|title=The time of sands...|access-date=October 11, 2011|url=http://www.unesco.org/csi/wise/sands.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607041756/http://www.unesco.org/csi/wise/sands.htm|archive-date=June 7, 2011}}</ref>

==Impact==
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; float:right;"
|+'''Impact by country or region'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! County/Region || Deaths || Damage || Source
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[Colombia]] || 2 || unknown ||  
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || 1 || $51.3&nbsp;million || 
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[Guadeloupe]] || 5 || $100&nbsp;million || 
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[Dominica]] || 0 || $21.5&nbsp;million || 
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] || 0 || $41.4&nbsp;million || 
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[Saint Martin (island)|Saint Martin]] || 3 || $69&nbsp;million || <ref name="TCR">{{
cite web
| author=National Hurricane Center
| year=1996
| title=Hurricane Marilyn Preliminary Report
| publisher=National Hurricane Center
| access-date=February 14, 2007
| url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1995marilyn.html
}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[Martinique]] || 1 || unknown || 
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[Saint Lucia]] || 0 || $6.6&nbsp;million || <ref name="TCR"/>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[Puerto Rico]] || 0 || $105&nbsp;million || 
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[U.S. Virgin Islands]] || 0 || $225&nbsp;million || 
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[British Virgin Islands]] || 0 || $5.6&nbsp;million || 
|- style="text-align:center;"
| Others || 5 ||  || 
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Total || 17 || ~$785.8&nbsp;million || 
|}

Across the eastern Caribbean, Hurricane Lenny damaged vital infrastructure, including roads and piers in the tourism-dependent islands. Most of the islands' tourism areas were on western-facing beaches, many of which were unprepared for the high waves and winds produced by Lenny.<ref name="lennyspo">{{cite web|publisher=[[USAID]]|date=April 17, 2000|title=Hurricane Lenny Recovery in the Eastern Caribbean|access-date=September 28, 2011|url=http://www.oas.org/cdcm_train/document/lennyspo.doc|format=DOC}}</ref>

===Central Caribbean===
Early in its existence, Lenny produced large waves and high tides along the [[Guajira Peninsula]] in [[Colombia]],<ref name="tcr"/> sinking two boats and flooding 1,200&nbsp;houses. There were also reports of flooded businesses and damaged crops. In the country, strong winds on the storm's fringe killed a man by striking him with a beam. Although there were initial reports of nine people missing,<ref name="afp1116">{{cite news|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=November 16, 1999|title=One death blamed on Hurricane Lenny; still threatens Caribbean|publisher=ReliefWeb|access-date=August 14, 2011|url=http://reliefweb.int/node/56748}}</ref> only two were counted in the death toll for mainland Colombia.<ref name="tcr"/> Two sailors were killed offshore when their yacht was lost in the southern Caribbean Sea.<ref name="tcr"/>

Along the [[ABC islands (Lesser Antilles)|ABC Islands]] off the north coast of Venezuela, the hurricane produced {{convert|10|to|20|ft|m|0|adj=on|abbr=on}} waves along the southwest coastlines.<ref>{{cite journal|volume=20|number=1|title=Paleotsunami Evidences from Boulder Deposits on Aruba, Curaçao and Bonaire|author=Anja M. Scheffers|page=32|journal=The International Journal of the Tsunami Society|year=2002|access-date=September 21, 2011|url=http://library.lanl.gov/tsunami/ts201.pdf}}</ref> The waves caused heavy [[coastal erosion|beach erosion]] and coastal damage to properties and boats.<ref name="naa">{{cite report|publisher=Netherlands Antilles and Aruba Meteorological Service|title=Hurricanes and Tropical Storms in the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba |date=April 2010 |access-date=September 21, 2011 |url=http://www.meteo.an/include/HurricanesandTropicalStorms.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402171715/http://www.meteo.an/include/HurricanesandTropicalStorms.pdf |archive-date=April 2, 2012 }}</ref>

In Jamaica, the hurricane dropped heavy rainfall but left little damage. Rains in the Dominican Republic caused flooding in the country's southwest portion.<ref name="ppg">{{cite news|author=Michael Norton|agency=Associated Press|date=November 14, 1999|title=Late hurricane threatens Haiti, Puerto Rico|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|access-date=August 14, 2011|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-TAxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KHADAAAAIBAJ&pg=2754,5358583&dq=lenny+tropical+jamaica&hl=en}}</ref> Flooding around [[Les Cayes]] in southwestern Haiti destroyed 60&nbsp;percent of the rice, corn, and banana plantations, while high waves wrecked several houses in [[Cavaellon]].<ref name="BBC article"/>

Hurricane Lenny was originally forecast to strike Puerto Rico, although it remained south of the island.<ref name="tcr"/> Beginning on November&nbsp;17, Lenny affected Puerto Rico with gusty winds and heavy rainfall. Rainfall in the days prior to Lenny's approach left areas susceptible to flooding, which caused many rivers in the northeastern portion of the island to overflow their banks following the storm. Such flooding forced towns to evacuate along the rivers, and also resulted in the closure of [[List of Puerto Rico Highways|secondary and primary highways]]. The heavy rains also caused mudslides and rockslides.<ref name="srh"/> The peak rainfall on the island was {{convert|14.64|in|mm|abbr=on}} in [[Jayuya, Puerto Rico|Jayuya]] in central Puerto Rico.<ref name="hpc">{{cite web|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/lenny1999.html|title=Hurricane Lenny - November 14–21, 1999|author=David Roth|date=May 4, 2006|publisher=[[Hydrometeorological Prediction Center]]|access-date=May 28, 2011}}</ref> [[Storm tide|Tides]] in San Juan were about {{convert|1.8|ft|m|abbr=on}} above normal. There, high seas washed a {{convert|546|ft|m|abbr=on|adj=on}} freighter ashore. Winds in the Puerto Rican mainland were not significant, gusting to {{convert|48|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in [[Ceiba, Puerto Rico|Ceiba]]. The storm left 22,000&nbsp;people without power and 103,000&nbsp;people without water.<ref name="srh"/> Because of the heavy rainfall, about 200&nbsp;farmers in southeastern Puerto Rico sustained about $19&nbsp;million in crop damage (1999&nbsp;USD). In the affected region, the heavy rainfall destroyed 80&nbsp;percent of the vegetables and 50&nbsp;percent of the plantains. Damage throughout the island totaled $105&nbsp;million (1999&nbsp;USD).<ref name="ncdc">{{cite report|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|volume=41|number=11|date=November 1999|title=Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena with Late Reports and Corrections|access-date=April 8, 2012|url=http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS-FE97742E-5109-4637-8B93-2222FB99017C.pdf}}{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

===Virgin Islands===
[[File:FEMA - 670 - Photograph by FEMA News Photo taken on 11-23-1999 in US Virgin Islands.jpg|left|thumb|Property damage on the island of Saint Croix]]
After passing southeast of Puerto Rico, Hurricane Lenny struck St. Croix in the United States Virgin Islands, although its strongest winds remained southeast of the island. There, gusts reached {{convert|112|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, while sustained winds officially peaked around {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Strong winds damaged the roofs of many houses in eastern St. Croix<ref name="tcr"/> and knocked down trees and power lines. The winds left severe damage to vegetation after fruits and vegetables were blown away. Rainfall peaked at {{convert|10.47|in|mm|abbr=on}},<ref name="hpc"/> which caused widespread flooding of many properties in the island's western portion. In [[Frederiksted, United States Virgin Islands|Frederiksted]], the hurricane produced a [[storm surge]] of {{convert|15|-|20|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="tcr"/> along with high waves that washed out roads and damaged coastal structures. There was also severe beach erosion in western St. Croix; high waves dumped {{convert|6.5|ft|m|abbr=on}} of sand onto coastal roads about {{convert|100|ft|m|abbr=on}} inland,<ref name="srh"/> and also washed several boats ashore.<ref name="tcr"/> The National Weather Service described the damage as "moderate".<ref name="srh"/>

Elsewhere in the U.S. Virgin Islands, Lenny produced a storm surge of about {{convert|1.8|ft|m|abbr=on}} in [[Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands|St. Thomas]].<ref name="tcr"/> Sustained winds on the island reached {{convert|53|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} at the [[Cyril E. King Airport]], with gusts to {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. On nearby [[Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands|St. John]], wind gusts reached {{convert|92|mph|km/h|abbr=on}},<ref name="srh"/> and sustained hurricane-force winds of {{convert|83|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} were reported on Maria Hill.<ref name="tcr"/> Rains were not as heavy as on St. Croix; the maximum amounts were {{convert|4.34|in|mm|abbr=on}} on St. Thomas and {{convert|2.95|in|mm|abbr=on}} on St. John. Both islands reported beach erosion along their southern coastlines.<ref name="srh"/> Damage on St. Thomas was minimal, limited to minor flooding and mudslides. The [[Virgin Islands National Park]] in St. John reported over $1.6&nbsp;million in damage (1999&nbsp;USD).<ref name="ncdc"/> In Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, the hurricane left about $330&nbsp;million in damage (1999&nbsp;USD), but caused no deaths.<ref name="tcr"/>

In [[Virgin Gorda]] in the nearby British Virgin Islands, the hurricane produced sustained winds of {{convert|55|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, with gusts to {{convert|85|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Rainfall amounted to around {{convert|4|in|mm|abbr=on}}<ref name="tcr"/> and caused a mudslide near Coxheath. High waves eroded a portion of [[Sir Francis Drake Highway]], and the high winds destroyed the roof of an apartment.<ref name="is">{{cite news|newspaper=Island Sun|title=NEAC Chairman Looks at Impact of Recent Hurricanes on the BVI |access-date=August 16, 2011 |url=http://www.islandsun.com/271199/local5-v3i10.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928032415/http://www.islandsun.com/271199/local5-v3i10.html |archive-date=September 28, 2011 }}</ref> Property damage in the British Virgin Islands totaled $5.6&nbsp;million (1999&nbsp;USD); however, the damage combined with the loss of tourism and productivity yielded a loss of $22&nbsp;million to the islands' economy, or 3.1&nbsp;percent of the [[gross domestic product]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Jerinice Stoutt |title=Impact of Hurricanes on the BVI Economy |publisher=Government of the British Virgin Islands |date=November 21, 2005 |access-date=August 16, 2011 |url=http://dpu.gov.vg/Archives/Archives%2000/ImpactHurricanes.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622224630/http://dpu.gov.vg/Archives/Archives%2000/ImpactHurricanes.htm |archive-date=June 22, 2007 }}</ref>
[[File:Lenny1999pr.gif|right|thumb|Rainfall totals from Lenny|300px]]

===Northern Leeward Islands===
====Anguilla====
The eye of Lenny moved over Anguilla, an island located east of the British Virgin Islands.<ref name="tcr"/> Localized flooding was reported,<ref name="rw1118"/> including in the capital, [[The Valley, Anguilla|The Valley]], where waters reportedly reached a depth of {{convert|14|ft|m|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|author=Gillian Cambers|title=Late Hurricanes: a Message for the Region|publisher=UNESCO|date=December 1999|access-date=October 11, 2011|url=http://www.unesco.org/csi/act/cosalc/hurricane.htm}}</ref> The hurricane struck only a month after [[Hurricane Jose (1999)|Hurricane Jose]] had affected the region, causing significant beach erosion along Anguilla's coastline.<ref name="despoils">{{cite web|url=https://www.deseret.com/1999/11/18/19476146/lenny-despoils-caribbean|title=Lenny despoils Caribbean|author=|publisher=DeseretNews|date=November 18, 1999|access-date=April 24, 2021}}</ref> Damage from Lenny amounted to $65.8&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite journal|volume=2 |journal=Health in the Americas |title=Countries |year=2007 |access-date=October 10, 2011 |url=http://www.paho.org/HIA/archivosvol2/paisesing/Anguilla%20English.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629160528/http://www.paho.org/HIA/archivosvol2/paisesing/Anguilla%20English.pdf |archive-date=June 29, 2011 }}</ref>

====Saint Barthélémy and Saint Martin====
{{Wettest tropical cyclones on Saint Martin/Sint Maarten|align=right}}
On Saint Barthélemy, the hurricane produced record-breaking precipitation of around {{convert|15|in|mm|abbr=on}}. Waves reached {{convert|16|ft|m|abbr=on}} on the island's western portion.<ref name="tcr"/> The highest precipitation related to the storm occurred at the police station on the French side of Saint Martin, where a total of {{convert|34.12|in|mm|abbr=on}} was recorded.<ref name="hpc"/> This included a record 24-hour total of {{convert|18.98|in|mm|abbr=on}}. Total damage was extensive but not as extreme or catastrophic as [[Hurricane Luis]] in 1995.

====The Dutch Antilles====
The [[SSS Islands]], which include [[Saba (island)|Saba]], [[Sint Eustatius]], and [[Sint Maarten]], were in the path of Hurricane Lenny on November&nbsp;18 through 19.<ref name="tcr"/> On Saba, there was an unofficial wind gust of {{convert|167|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} before the instrument blew away. The island sustained damage to several buildings, including airport facilities.<ref name="tcr"/> On the Dutch side of the island of Saint Martin, rainfall peaked at {{convert|27.56|in|mm|abbr=on}} in [[Philipsburg, Sint Maarten|Philipsburg]].<ref name="tcr"/> The rains resulted in mudslides and flooding and were the primary form of impact on the island. For 36&nbsp;hours, the island experienced tropical storm conditions, and there were three times when the winds surpassed hurricane force. Sustained winds on the island peaked at {{convert|84|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} at the [[Princess Juliana International Airport]];<ref name="naa"/> these were the highest sustained winds observed on land.<ref name="tcr"/> The airport also reported a wind gust of {{convert|104|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref name="naa"/>
As a result, the three SSS Islands sustained power and telephone outages.<ref name="r1119">{{cite news|author=Carol Bareuther|agency=Reuters|title=Hurricane Lenny causes havoc in Caribbean|publisher=ReliefWeb|access-date=October 10, 2011|date=November 19, 1999|url=http://reliefweb.int/node/56822}}</ref> There was widespread destruction of the roofs of houses across the island,<ref name="ontw"/> and over 200&nbsp;houses were destroyed.<ref name="ifrc1122">{{cite web|author=International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=November 18, 1999|title=Eastern Caribbean: Hurricane Lenny Information Bulletin No. 3|access-date=October 10, 2011|url=http://reliefweb.int/node/56796}}</ref> Damage was estimated at $69&nbsp;million,<ref name="ontw">{{cite report|publisher=European Parliament|date=February 22, 2000|title=Resolution on Hurricane Lenny&nbsp;– St Martin&nbsp;– West Indies|access-date=January 19, 2013|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+MOTION+B5-2000-0112+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN|type=Motion for a Resolution}}</ref> and there were three deaths on the Dutch side of St. Martin.<ref name="naa"/> Two of these deaths were from flying debris, and the other was due to a collapsed roadway.<ref name="tcr"/>

Due to the hurricane's unusual track from the west, it produced unparalleled waves of {{convert|10|-|16|ft|m|abbr=on}} along the western coast of St. Martin,<ref name="naa"/> which damaged or destroyed many boats.<ref name="tcr"/> During its passage, Lenny left widespread damage to the infrastructure, including to the airport, harbor, resorts, power utilities, schools, and hospitals.<ref name="ontw"/>

===Antigua and Barbuda===
While passing over Antigua, Hurricane Lenny dropped {{convert|18.32|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rain at the [[V. C. Bird International Airport]], while locations in the southern portion recorded over {{convert|25|in|mm|abbr=on}}.<ref name="tcr"/> The rainfall caused severe flooding in Antigua, resulting in landslides in the northwestern and southern portion of the island.<ref name="lennyspo"/> Flooding washed out major roadways, including one bridge.<ref name="rw1130"/> Along the coast, the storm caused severe beach erosion. About 65&nbsp;percent of Barbuda experienced flooding due to the rainfall and the island's flat topography. The flooding contaminated the water storage facilities and all private wells.<ref name="lennyspo"/> About 95&nbsp;percent of the crops in Barbuda were destroyed.<ref name="garypadgett">{{cite web|author=Gary Padgett|url=http://australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2000/summ9911.htm|title=November 1999 Tropical Summary|access-date=October 10, 2011}}</ref> Damage in the country of [[Antigua and Barbuda]] totaled $51.3&nbsp;million,<ref name="lennyspo"/> and there was one death.<ref name="usaid">{{cite report|author=US Agency for International Development|publisher=ReliefWeb|title=Northeastern Caribbean Hurricane Lenny Fact Sheet #1, FY 2000|date=November 23, 1999|access-date=October 10, 2011|url=http://reliefweb.int/node/56742}}</ref>

===Saint Kitts, Nevis and Montserrat===
The hurricane's waves reached {{convert|20|ft|m|abbr=on}} along the coasts of [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]], washing up to {{convert|600|ft|m|abbr=on}} inland. Several businesses were flooded, and some beach erosion was reported.<ref name="rw1118"/> The hurricane destroyed 46&nbsp;homes and damaged 332&nbsp;others to varying degree.<ref name="usaid"/> Home damage forced four families to evacuate.<ref name="rw1118">{{cite web|author=Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency|date=November 18, 1999|title=Post Impact Report #1 - Hurricane Lenny |access-date=October 10, 2011|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/node/56762}}</ref> Heavy rains caused mudslides on Saint Kitts,<ref name="tcr"/> and heavy damage occurred in [[Old Road Town]].<ref name="pan">{{cite web|publisher=Area on Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Relief |year=2008 |title=Country Hazard Profiles |access-date=October 10, 2011 |url=http://www.disaster-info.net/carib/countryprofiles.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928032008/http://www.disaster-info.net/carib/countryprofiles.htm |archive-date=September 28, 2011 }}</ref> Damage in the country amounted to $41.4&nbsp;million.<ref name="rw1130"/> In Montserrat, damage was reported along its western coastline.<ref name="rw1118"/> After high waves capsized a boat, a crew of three required rescue.<ref>{{cite news|author=Carol Bareuther|agency=Reuters|publisher=ReliefWeb|title=Hurricane Lenny pounds Caribbean |date=November 18, 1999|access-date=October 10, 2011|url=http://reliefweb.int/node/56831}}</ref>

===Guadeloupe===
{{Wettest tropical cyclones in Guadeloupe|align=right}}
[[Guadeloupe]] received record precipitation amounts in some areas, generally ranging from {{convert|6|to|19|in|mm}}. On [[Basse-Terre Island|Basse-Terre]], the western island of Guadeloupe, the hurricane produced a [[significant wave height]] of {{convert|9.8|ft|m|abbr=on}}, with estimates as high as {{convert|13|ft|m|abbr=on}}. There were five deaths, especially from drowning and electrocution in Guadeloupe and damage in the island totaled at least $100&nbsp;million.<ref name="tcr"/>

Although there were no tropical-storm sustained wind recorded as the storm didn't really impacted the islands unlike previous hurricanes such as [[Hurricane Luis|Luis]], [[Hurricane Marilyn|Marilyn]] and [[Hurricane Georges|Georges]], the extent of damage was globally heavier due to the unusual high waves in the western portion of the island and the very slow-moving storm that generated unrelated flooding inland in [[Grande-Terre, Guadeloupe|Grande-Terre]] for a 48 hour-period.

===Dominica===
In Dominica, high waves damaged the island's western coastal highway, leaving the most heavily traveled road temporarily closed.<ref name="lennyspo"/> Road closures cut off links between towns on the island.<ref name="rw1118"/> The hurricane destroyed at least 50&nbsp;homes,<ref name="ifrc1119"/> including 3 that were washed away by the waves.<ref name="ifrc1118"/> Hotels along the island's west coast sustained heavy damage, and across the nation the hurricane's impact was worse than that from [[Hurricane Luis]] four years prior.<ref name="ifrc1119"/> Damage on the island totaled $21.5&nbsp;million.<ref name="lennyspo"/>

===Windward Islands===
Rainfall of around {{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}} reached as far south as [[Martinique]], where one person was killed.<ref name="hpc"/> 
Further south, high waves in [[Saint Lucia]] washed away beaches, a seawall, and coastal walkways.<ref name="lennyspo"/> At least 40&nbsp;houses were damaged along the coast, which left several families homeless.<ref name="r1119"/> Damage in the country totaled $6.6&nbsp;million.<ref name="lennyspo"/> In [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]], the hurricane washed away four buildings and damaged five others.<ref name="rw1118"/> About 50&nbsp;people were left homeless in the country.<ref name="ifrc1122"/>

In western [[Grenada]], high waves affected much of the coastline,<ref name="lennyspo"/> destroying 21&nbsp;small boats and causing significant beach erosion.<ref name="tcr"/><ref name="lennyspo"/> The waves covered the entire Grand Anse Beach in [[Saint George Parish, Grenada|Saint George Parish]]. The erosion heavily impacted tourist areas and also threatened the foundation of the runway at the [[Maurice Bishop International Airport]]. Storm damage cut off the towns in western Grenada from the capital city of [[Saint George's, Grenada|Saint George's]]. The cut-off roads resulted in an island-wide fuel shortage.<ref name="lennyspo"/> In [[Saint John Parish, Grenada|Saint John Parish]], the storm knocked out the water and power supply and forced several families to evacuate their damaged houses.<ref name="ifrc1119"/> The small island [[Carriacou]], located north of Grenada, sustained damage to the road to its primary airport.<ref name="lennyspo"/> At least 10&nbsp;homes were destroyed in the country,<ref name="tcr"/> and damage totaled $94.6&nbsp;million; this represented 27&nbsp;percent of the island's gross domestic product.<ref name="lennyspo"/> Effects from the storm reached as far south as [[Trinidad and Tobago]].<ref name="lennyspo"/> In the country, storm surge caused damage to boats and coastal structures, while beach erosion was reported in Tobago.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://nema.gov.tt/resources/downloads/tropicalcyclones.pdf |title=Tropical Cyclones Affecting Trinidad and Tobago 1725-2000 |publisher=Trinidad and Tobago Meteorological Service via the Internet Wayback Machine |date=May 2, 2002 |access-date=October 13, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051223215859/http://nema.gov.tt/resources/downloads/tropicalcyclones.pdf |archive-date=December 23, 2005 }}</ref>

==Aftermath==
[[File:Saint Croix Lenny Damage.jpg|right|thumb|Damage to the [[Frederiksted]] Pier in St. Croix]]
Following heavy damage to the coral reef around [[Curaçao]], workers placed [[The Reef Ball Foundation|reef balls]] to assist in replenishing the damaged structure.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Curacao Actief|title=Toegankelijk vanaf de volgende stranden|language=nl|access-date=September 25, 2011|url=http://www.curacao-actief.nl/index.php?id=3&dl_id=109|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425050919/http://www.curacao-actief.nl/index.php?id=3&dl_id=109|archive-date=April 25, 2012}}</ref> In Puerto Rico, workers quickly responded to power and water outages. Similarly on Saint Croix, power systems were quickly restored.<ref>{{cite web|author=Federal Emergency Management Agency |date=November 19, 1999|title=Hurricane Lenny Update|access-date=October 10, 2011|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/node/56801}}</ref> On November&nbsp;23, U.S. President [[Bill Clinton]] declared the U.S. Virgin Islands a disaster area. This allocated federal funding for loans to public and private entities and provided 75&nbsp;percent of the cost of debris removal.<ref>{{cite web|date=November 23, 1999 |title=Disaster Aid Ordered for Virgin Islands Hurricane Recovery |publisher=Federal Emergency Management Agency |access-date=October 10, 2011 |url=http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=8610 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100607061529/http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=8610 |archive-date=June 7, 2010 }}</ref> By December&nbsp;10, nearly 3,000&nbsp;residents had applied for assistance, mostly on St. Croix. In response, the federal government provided about $480,000 to the affected people.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 10, 1999 |title=Virgin Islanders Receive More Than A Half-Million Dollars In Federal Assistance |publisher=Federal Emergency Management Agency |access-date=October 10, 2011 |url=http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=8602 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620110658/https://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=8602 |archive-date=June 20, 2010 }}</ref> The United States [[Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance]] provided $185,000, mostly directed toward the [[United Nations Development Programme]], for aid to other islands in the eastern Caribbean. Other agencies, including the [[Caribbean Development Bank]], the United Kingdom's [[Department for International Development]], and the [[European Union]], provided $1.1&nbsp;million in assistance.<ref name="lennyspo"/>

In response to the damage on Saint Martin, officials in the [[Netherlands Antilles]] issued an appeal to the [[European Parliament]] for assistance from the international community.<ref name="ontw"/> Due to their small population and area, the small islands of the eastern Caribbean required international funding to repair the damage from the hurricane and return to normal. In Antigua and Barbuda, officials worked quickly to repair roads and clean Barbuda's water system.<ref name="lennyspo"/> However, 20,000&nbsp;people in Antigua remained without water for a week after the hurricane, and the stagnant water caused an increase in mosquitoes.<ref name="rw1130">{{cite web|author=UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|date=November 30, 1999|title=Hurricane Lenny OCHA Situation Report No. 7|publisher=ReliefWeb|access-date=October 10, 2011|url=http://reliefweb.int/node/56759}}</ref> The government of Dominica provided 42&nbsp;families with temporary shelters. With a loan from the Caribbean Development Bank, the government worked to complete a sea wall along a highway south of its capital Roseau. The Saint Lucian government provided housing to 70&nbsp;families. In Grenada, workers repaired the road system to allow fuel transportation across the island and began to reclaim land near its airport to mitigate erosion.<ref name="lennyspo"/> Regions in Antigua and Grenada were declared disaster areas.<ref name="usaid"/><ref name="rw1120">{{cite web|author=Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency |publisher=ReliefWeb|date=November 20, 1999|title=Post Impact Report #2 - Hurricane Lenny |access-date=October 10, 2011|url=http://reliefweb.int/node/56755}}</ref> Across the eastern Caribbean, local Red Cross offices provided food and shelter to affected citizens.<ref name="ifrc1119">{{cite web|author=International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=November 19, 1999|title=Eastern Caribbean: Hurricane Lenny Information Bulletin No. 2 |access-date=October 10, 2011|url=http://reliefweb.int/node/56765}}</ref> High damage to tourist areas caused a short term suspension of cruise ship arrivals. A damaged hotel in Nevis left 800&nbsp;people unemployed due to its closure.<ref>{{cite web|author=UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=December 3, 1999|title=Hurricane Lenny OCHA Situation Report No. 8|access-date=October 10, 2011|url=http://reliefweb.int/node/56772}}</ref>

=== Retirement ===
Due to its effects, the name Lenny was [[List of retired Atlantic hurricane names|retired]] by the [[World Meteorological Organization]] in the spring of 2000, and will never again be used for an Atlantic hurricane.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/retirednames.shtml|title=Retired Hurricane Names Since 1954|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=March 16, 2011|access-date=June 6, 2011|archive-date=June 28, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628193705/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/retirednames.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> The name was replaced with ''Lee'' in the [[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|2005 season]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml|title=Worldwide Tropical Cyclone Names|date=January 6, 2006|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=June 6, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209021153/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml |archive-date=February 9, 2006}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
* [[List of Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes]]
* [[List of South America hurricanes]]
* [[Timeline of the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season]]
* [[Hurricane Klaus (1990)]] – A Category&nbsp;1 hurricane that impacted similar areas
* [[Hurricane Omar]] (2008) – A Category&nbsp;4 hurricane that impacted similar areas
* [[Hurricane Paloma]] (2008) – Another intense Category&nbsp;4 hurricane that struck [[Cuba]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Hurricane Lenny}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110102121703/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1999lenny.html National Hurricane Center Preliminary Report on Lenny]
* [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/prelims/1999lenny1.gif Hurricane Lenny's trajectory]
* [http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/lenny1999.html Hydrometeorological Prediction Center Rainfall Report on Lenny]

{{Retired Atlantic hurricanes}}{{Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes}}{{1999 Atlantic hurricane season buttons}}
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{{Featured article}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lenny}}
[[Category:1999 Atlantic hurricane season]]
[[Category:1999 in Colombia]]
[[Category:1999 in Puerto Rico]]
[[Category:1999 in the United States Virgin Islands]]
[[Category:Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes]]
[[Category:Hurricanes in Antigua and Barbuda]]
[[Category:Hurricanes in Jamaica]]
[[Category:Hurricanes in Puerto Rico]]
[[Category:Hurricanes in Saint Barthélemy]]
[[Category:Hurricanes in Saint Kitts and Nevis]]
[[Category:Hurricanes in Saint Martin (island)]]
[[Category:Hurricanes in the Leeward Islands]]
[[Category:Hurricanes in the United States Virgin Islands]]
[[Category:Hurricanes in the British Virgin Islands]]
[[Category:Retired Atlantic hurricanes]]