View source for Hurricane Ioke

{{Short description|Category 5 Pacific hurricane and typhoon in 2006}}
{{Distinguish|Hurricane Ike|Typhoon Ike|Hurricane Ione}}
{{Infobox weather event
| name = Hurricane/Typhoon Ioke
| image = Ioke 2006-08-25 0100Z.jpg
| caption = Ioke at its record peak intensity west of the [[Hawaiian Islands]] on August 24
| formed = August 20, 2006
| dissipated = September 12, 2006
| extratropical = September 7, 2006
}}{{Infobox weather event/JMA
| winds = 105
| pressure = 920
}}{{Infobox weather event/JTWC
| winds = 140
| pressure = 900
| basin = WPac
}}{{Infobox weather event/NWS
| winds = 140
| pressure = 915
}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects
| fatalities = None
| year = 2006
| damages = 88000000 
| areas = [[Johnston Atoll]], [[Wake Island]], [[Minamitorishima]], [[Kamchatka Peninsula]], [[Alaska]]
}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer
| season = [[2006 Pacific hurricane season|2006 Pacific hurricane]] and [[2006 Pacific typhoon season|typhoon seasons]]
}}

'''Hurricane Ioke''', also referred to as '''Typhoon Ioke''', was a record-breaking, long-lived and extremely powerful [[tropical cyclone]] that traversed the Pacific for 17&nbsp;days, becoming a [[Category&nbsp;5 hurricane]] on the [[Saffir–Simpson scale]] on three different occasions. It was the most intense hurricane ever recorded in the Central [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]], as well as the fifth-most intense [[Pacific hurricane]] on record, tied with 1973's [[Hurricane Ava]]. It also generated the most [[accumulated cyclone energy]] for a single storm, until [[Cyclone Freddy]] surpassed its record in 2023. Ioke was the ninth [[tropical cyclone|named storm]], fifth hurricane, and third major hurricane of the active [[2006 Pacific hurricane season]].

The cyclone developed in the [[Intertropical Convergence Zone]] on August 20 far to the south of [[Hawaii]]. Encountering warm waters, little [[wind shear]], and well-defined [[outflow (meteorology)|outflow]], Ioke intensified from a tropical depression to [[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale|Category 4]] status within 48&nbsp;hours. Late on August 22, it rapidly weakened to Category&nbsp;2 status before crossing over [[Johnston Atoll]]. Two days later, favorable conditions again allowed for [[rapid deepening|rapid strengthening]], and Ioke attained Category&nbsp;5 status on August 25 before crossing the [[International Date Line]]. As it continued westward, its intensity fluctuated, and on August 31, it passed near [[Wake Island]] with winds of {{convert|155|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}. Ioke gradually weakened as it turned northwestward and northward, and by September 6, it had transitioned into an [[extratropical cyclone]]. The remnants of Ioke accelerated northeastward and ultimately crossed into the [[Bering Sea]], and then the [[Gulf of Alaska]].

Ioke did not affect any permanently-populated areas in the Central Pacific or Western Pacific basins as a hurricane or a typhoon. A crew of 12&nbsp;people rode out the hurricane in a hurricane-proof bunker on [[Johnston Atoll]]; the crew estimated winds reached over {{convert|100|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}, which damaged trees on the island but did not impact the island's bird population. The typhoon left moderate damage on [[Wake Island]] totaling $88&nbsp;million (2006&nbsp;USD, equivalent to ${{Inflation|US-GDP|88|2006|r=-1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP}}), including blown off roofs and damaged buildings, though the infrastructure of the island was left intact; all military personnel were evacuated from the island. Later, the extratropical remnants of Ioke produced a severe storm surge along the [[Alaska]]n coastline, causing [[coastal erosion|beach erosion]].

== Meteorological history ==
{{storm path|Ioke 2006 track.png}}
The [[Intertropical Convergence Zone]] (ITCZ) spawned a tropical disturbance with a low-level circulation far to the southeast of [[Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]] in the middle of August 2006. Under the influence of a strong westward-moving [[subtropical ridge]] to its north, the disturbance tracked nearly due westward, with deep convection in the region increasing and decreasing on a daily basis. It slowly became better organized, and early on August 20 the disturbance developed into Tropical Depression One-C while located about {{convert|775|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} south of [[Honolulu, Hawaii]]. At the time, there was no [[convection]] associated with the ITCZ within 10°&nbsp;[[Longitude]].<ref name="tcr">{{cite web|author=Central Pacific Hurricane Center |year=2007 |title=2006 Tropical Cyclones Central North Pacific |access-date=2007-10-06 |url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/2006.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230043133/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/2006.php |archive-date=2010-12-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> With [[wind shear]] practically non-existent and [[sea surface temperatures]] of around {{convert|82|°F|°C}}, conditions favored strengthening,<ref name="tcr"/> and operationally the cyclone was forecast to reach minimal hurricane status within four days before beginning to weaken.<ref>{{cite web|author=Matsuda|year=2006|title=Tropical Depression One-C Discussion One|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Center|access-date=2007-10-07|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2006/TCDCP2.CP012006.1.0608200252| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150201022353/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2006/TCDCP2.CP012006.1.0608200252 | archive-date = 2015-02-01| url-status=live}}</ref> The depression attained tropical storm status within six hours of developing.<ref name="tcr"/> The [[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]] designated the system with the name ''Ioke'' {{IPAc-en|iː|ˈ|oʊ|k|eɪ}}, [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]] for the name [[Joyce (name)|Joyce]].<ref name="Ioke name">{{cite web|author=Central Pacific Hurricane Center |url= http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2006/TCDCP2.CP012006.2.0608200853|title=Tropical Storm Ioke Discussion Number 2 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|date= August 3, 2005|access-date=2006-08-20| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150201022307/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2006/TCDCP2.CP012006.2.0608200853 | archive-date = 2015-02-01| url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, Ioke quickly strengthened, and by late on August 20 the storm developed a [[Eye (cyclone)|central dense overcast]] and the beginnings of an [[eye (cyclone)|eyewall]];<ref>{{cite web|author=Nash|year=2006|title=Tropical Storm Ioke Discussion Four|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Season|access-date=2007-10-06|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2006/TCDCP2.CP012006.4.0608202049| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150201022401/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2006/TCDCP2.CP012006.4.0608202049 | archive-date = 2015-02-01| url-status=live}}</ref> early on August 21 the storm intensified into a hurricane, just 24&nbsp;hours after first developing.<ref name="tcr"/>

Hurricane Ioke steadily deepened as it continued west-northwestward, with better definition of the eye and deepening of the eyewall convection.<ref>{{cite web|author=Houston|year=2006|title=Hurricane Ioke Discussion Seven|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Season|access-date=2007-10-06|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2006/TCDCP2.CP012006.7.0608211447| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150201021956/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2006/TCDCP2.CP012006.7.0608211447 | archive-date = 2015-02-01| url-status=live}}</ref> Near the [[International Date Line]] a [[trough (meteorology)|frontal trough]] turned the hurricane to the northwest, and after a period of [[rapid deepening]] Ioke attained winds of {{convert|135|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} early on August 22 while located about {{convert|280|mi|km|abbr=on}} southeast of [[Johnston Atoll]]. After maintaining Category&nbsp;4 status on the [[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale]] for about 18&nbsp;hours,<ref name="tcr"/> southwesterly wind shear slightly disrupted the inner core of the hurricane,<ref>{{cite web|author=Browning|year=2006|title=Hurricane Ioke Discussion Twelve|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Season|access-date=2007-10-06|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2006/TCDCP2.CP012006.12.0608222105| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150201022331/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2006/TCDCP2.CP012006.12.0608222105 | archive-date = 2015-02-01| url-status=live}}</ref> and Ioke quickly weakened to winds of about {{convert|105|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Late on August 22, the hurricane passed about {{convert|30|mi|km|abbr=on}} south of Johnston Atoll,<ref name="tcr"/> with the northeastern portion of the eyewall crossing the atoll early on August 23.<ref>{{cite web|author=Donaldson|year=2006|title=Hurricane Ioke Discussion Thirteen|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Season|access-date=2007-10-06|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2006/TCDCP2.CP012006.13.0608230245| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150201022427/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2006/TCDCP2.CP012006.13.0608230245 | archive-date = 2015-02-01| url-status=live}}</ref> After turning westward later in the day, wind shear began to decrease, allowing a second period of rapid deepening. By August 24 the hurricane maintained a {{convert|23|mi|km|abbr=on}} closed eyewall,<ref>{{cite web|author=Kodama|year=2006|title=Hurricane Ioke Discussion Twenty|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Season|access-date=2007-10-06|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2006/TCDCP2.CP012006.20.0608242050| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150201022352/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2006/TCDCP2.CP012006.20.0608242050 | archive-date = 2015-02-01| url-status=live}}</ref> and on August 25 Ioke attained [[List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes|Category 5]] status on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale while located about {{convert|970|mi|km|abbr=on}} west-southwest of the Hawaiian Island of [[Kauai|Kaua{{okina}}i]].<ref name="tcr"/>

[[File:Typhoon Ioke 28 aug 2006 0130Z.jpg|thumb|Typhoon Ioke gaining strength after crossing the [[International Date Line]] on August 28]]
After maintaining Category&nbsp;5 status for about 18&nbsp;hours,<ref name="tcr"/> Ioke weakened slightly due to an [[eyewall replacement cycle]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Burke|year=2006|title=Hurricane Ioke Discussion Twenty-Five|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Season|access-date=2007-10-09|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2006/TCDCP2.CP012006.25.0608260248| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140203153110/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2006/TCDCP2.CP012006.25.0608260248 | archive-date = 2014-02-03| url-status=live}}</ref> Completing the cycle on August 26,<ref name="disc26">{{cite web|author=Browning|year=2006|title=Hurricane Ioke Discussion Twenty-Six|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Season|access-date=2007-10-09|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2006/TCDCP2.CP012006.26.0608260919| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140203152904/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2006/TCDCP2.CP012006.26.0608260919 | archive-date = 2014-02-03| url-status=live}}</ref> the hurricane restrengthened to Category&nbsp;5 status. The trough to its west tracked further away from the hurricane, allowing the subtropical ridge to build ahead of the hurricane which turned Ioke to the southwest.<ref name="tcr"/> The overall environment remained very favorable for sustainment of the powerful cyclone. Strong upper-level cyclones far to its northwest provided outflow channels and light wind shear, with warm water temperatures along its path.<ref name="disc26"/> With the conditions, the [[Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory]] hurricane model predicted Ioke to reach winds of {{convert|220|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, with a predicted minimum pressure of {{convert|860|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|author=Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory|year=2006|title=GFDL Hurricane Ioke Prediction: 2006-08-31 00z|publisher=NOAA|access-date=2007-10-09|url=http://i35.photobucket.com/albums/d178/RattleMan/GFDL-860mb-191kt.png| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120604182102/http://i35.photobucket.com/albums/d178/RattleMan/GFDL-860mb-191kt.png | archive-date = 2012-06-04| url-status=live}}</ref> Early on August 27, the pressure dropped to {{convert|915|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}}, and shortly thereafter Ioke crossed the [[International Date Line]], becoming a {{convert|160|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=}} typhoon.<ref name="tcr"/>

Unofficially referred as a [[tropical cyclone scales|super typhoon]] by the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC), Ioke remained at the equivalence of a Category&nbsp;5 hurricane for about 12&nbsp;hours after crossing the Date Line. It then began a slight weakening trend on August 28,<ref name="iokeatcr">{{cite web|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|year=2007|title=Super Typhoon 01C|access-date=2007-10-10|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/2006atcr/NWP_IO/StormNWP_IO/cp01.html| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110607051245/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/2006atcr/NWP_IO/StormNWP_IO/cp01.html | archive-date = 2011-06-07| url-status=dead}}</ref> due to increased inflow from the ridge to its north.<ref name="prog33">{{Cite FTP |author=Alpha Forecast Team |year=2006 |title=Typhoon Ioke Prognostic Reasoning NR 033 |access-date=2007-10-10 |server=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |url-status=dead |url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2006082803-WDPN.PGTW }}</ref> On August 29, the cyclone turned to the west and west-northwest while tracking around the periphery of the subtropical ridge, and Ioke again reached the equivalence of Category&nbsp;5 status.<ref name="iokeatcr"/> The [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] (JMA) assessed Ioke as attaining peak 10‑minute sustained winds of {{convert|120|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} on August 30.<ref name="jma">{{cite web|author=Japan Meteorological Agency|year=2006|title=2006 Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones Best Track|access-date=2007-10-10|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/Besttracks/bst2006.txt| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110709143349/http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/Besttracks/bst2006.txt | archive-date = 2011-07-09| url-status=dead}}</ref> Later that day, the typhoon weakened to the equivalent of a Category&nbsp;4 hurricane for the final time, and on August 31 Ioke passed very near [[Wake Island]] with winds of about {{convert|155|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref name="iokeatcr"/>

By September 1, increased wind shear and drier air caused the eye of Ioke to become cloud-filled and elongated,<ref name="prog51">{{Cite FTP |author=Bravo Forecast Team |year=2006 |title=Typhoon Ioke Prognostic Reasoning NR 051 |access-date=2007-10-10 |server=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |url-status=dead |url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2006090115-WDPN.PGTW }}</ref> and by September 2 Ioke was undergoing another eyewall replacement cycle.<ref name="prog55">{{Cite FTP |author=Charlie Forecast Team |year=2006 |title=Typhoon Ioke Prognostic Reasoning NR 055 |access-date=2007-10-10 |server=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |url-status=dead |url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2006090215-WDPN.PGTW }}</ref> On September 2, Ioke passed about {{convert|50|mi|km|abbr=on}} north of [[Minami-Tori-shima]] with winds of about {{convert|125|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}.{{EPAC hurricane best track}} Gradual weakening continued, and the typhoon steadily shifted its track to the northwest around the subtropical ridge. A deepening [[trough (meteorology)|trough]] turned Ioke to the north-northwest and north,<ref name="prog61">{{Cite FTP |author=Delta Forecast Team |year=2006 |title=Typhoon Ioke Prognostic Reasoning NR 061 |access-date=2007-10-10 |server=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |url-status=dead |url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2006090403-WDPN.PGTW }}</ref> and the cyclone weakened to a tropical storm a few hundred miles east of [[Japan]]. After accelerating northeastward, the cyclone began losing tropical characteristics, and the JTWC declared Ioke as an [[extratropical cyclone]] on September 6.<ref name="iokeatcr"/> The JMA maintained Ioke as a typhoon until a day later, and maintained Ioke as a tropical cyclone until it was declared extratropical midday on September 6. The extratropical remnants of Ioke were tracked by the JMA until September 7, when it was located near the [[Aleutian Islands]] of [[Alaska]].<ref name="jma"/> The storm deepened as it approached the Aleutians, and re-developed winds of hurricane-force. The storm entered the [[Bering Sea]] on September 8, and after turning eastward, crossed the Aleutian Islands and entered the [[Gulf of Alaska]]. The extratropical remnants of Ioke dissipated near [[Southeast Alaska|southeastern Alaska]] on September 12.<ref name="mwl">{{cite web|author=George P. Bancroft|year=2007|title=Marine Weather Review—North Pacific Area September through December 2006|publisher=NOAA National Center for Environmental Prediction|access-date=2007-10-16|url=http://www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/apr_07/northpacific.shtml| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130222020722/http://www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/apr_07/northpacific.shtml | archive-date = 2013-02-22| url-status=live}}</ref>

== Preparations and impact ==
[[File:1890000 Wake 09.01.06 Ioke.png|thumb|upright=.8|Data recorded at [[Wake Island]] during the passage of Ioke]]

=== Johnston Atoll ===
Late on August 21, about 24&nbsp;hours prior to its closest approach, the [[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]] issued a [[tropical cyclone warnings and watches|hurricane warning]] for uninhabited territory of [[Johnston Atoll|Johnston Island]],<ref name="pa8">{{cite web|author=Kodama & Ballard|year=2006|title=Hurricane Ioke Public Advisory Eight|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Center|access-date=2007-10-13|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2006/TCPCP2.CP012006.8.0608212103| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141219023900/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2006/TCPCP2.CP012006.8.0608212103 | archive-date = 2014-12-19| url-status=live}}</ref> due to the uncertainty of whether anyone was on the island.<ref>{{cite web|author=Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology |year=2007 |title=Actions and Recommendations for the 61st Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference |access-date=2009-07-22 |url=http://www.ofcm.gov/ihc07/web-61st-IHC-Booklet.pdf |page=115 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303234018/http://www.ofcm.gov/ihc07/web-61st-IHC-Booklet.pdf |archive-date=2009-03-03 }}</ref> A [[United States Air Force]] vessel and a 12-person crew were on the island, and after securing their ship the crew took shelter in a hurricane-proof concrete bunker.<ref name="Hurricane">{{cite web|title=Hurricane Island|url=http://www.travelbughawaii.com/Ioke.htm|access-date=April 7, 2012|archive-date=March 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326030333/http://www.travelbughawaii.com/Ioke.htm|url-status=live}}{{self-published source|date=October 2023}}</ref><ref name="tcr"/><ref>{{cite news |author = Leone, Diana |title = Hawaiian-named storm hits Johnston Isle |url = http://starbulletin.com/2006/08/23/news/story01.html |publisher = Star Bulletin  |date = 2006-08-23 |access-date = 2006-08-25| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080516002832/http://starbulletin.com/2006/08/23/news/story01.html | archive-date = 2008-05-16| url-status=live}}</ref> There were no meteorological observations on the island, but the crew estimated tropical storm force winds lasted for about 27&nbsp;hours with hurricane-force winds lasting six to eight hours; peak wind gusts were estimated at {{convert|110|to|130|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}. The crew sustained no injuries, and their ship received only minor damage. Hurricane Ioke, with a portion of its eye crossing the atoll, left an estimated 15% of the palm trees on the island with their tops blown off, with some ironwood trees blown over; the island bird population was unaffected. The hurricane produced rough surf which washed away a portion of a sea wall and an adjacent road.<ref name="tcr"/><ref name="Hurricane"/>

=== Wake Island ===
[[File:Typhoon Ioke Over Wake 2006.jpg|thumb|left|Typhoon Ioke near Wake Island on August 31]]
Under the threat of the typhoon for several days, two [[C-17 Globemaster III]] [[airlift]]ers evacuated between 188 and 200 military personnel from [[Wake Island]] to Hawaii, the first full-scale evacuation of the island since Typhoon Sarah in [[1967 Pacific typhoon season|1967]].<ref name="829afpn">{{cite news|author=Andrew Leonhard |date=2006-08-29 |title=Wake evacuated -- Airmen airlift 188 from Pacific Island |publisher=Air Force Print News |access-date=2007-10-14 |url=https://www.af.mil/News/story/id/123026137/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522035142/http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123026137 |archive-date=2011-05-22 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|agency=Associated press|title=Wake Island evacuated as Super Typhoon Ioke closes in|year=2006|work=Anchorage Daily News|access-date=2008-10-31|url=http://dwb.adn.com/news/alaska/ap_alaska/story/8132157p-8024611c.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080528023150/http://dwb.adn.com/news/alaska/ap_alaska/story/8132157p-8024611c.html |archive-date = May 28, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> A buoy just east of the island recorded a pressure of {{convert|921.5|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}} as Ioke crossed directly over it.<ref name="gp"/> Before the typhoon passed just north of the island, an anemometer recorded hurricane-force winds with a peak wind gust of {{convert|100|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} before the instrument stopped reporting.<ref name="wimo"/> Sustained winds were estimated to have reached {{convert|155|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}, with gusts to {{convert|190|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite news|author=Chris Vadnais |date=2006-09-13 |title=Teams fly to Wake Island to assess damage |publisher=Air Force Print News |access-date=2007-10-15 |url=https://www.af.mil/News/story/id/123026973/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011021633/http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123026973 |archive-date=2007-10-11 }}</ref> The minimum central pressure recorded on the island was 934&nbsp;mbar at 0906&nbsp;[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] on August 31.<ref name="wimo">{{cite web|author=NOAA |year=2006 |title=Meteorological Observations for Wake Island on August 31, 2006 |access-date=2007-10-15 |url=http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/data_menu.shtml?bdate=20060830&bdate_Month=7&edate=20060831&edate_Month=7&unit=1&shift=&stn=1890000+Wake+Island%2C+U.+S.+TRUST+TERRITORY&type=Meteorological+Observations&format=View+Data |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727091616/http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/data_menu.shtml?bdate=20060830&bdate_Month=7&edate=20060831&edate_Month=7&unit=1&shift=&stn=1890000%2BWake%2BIsland%2C%2BU.%2BS.%2BTRUST%2BTERRITORY&type=Meteorological%2BObservations&format=View%2BData |archive-date=July 27, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> The typhoon was expected to produce a [[storm surge]] of {{convert|18|ft|m|abbr=on}} and wave heights of {{convert|40|ft|m|abbr=on}} along Wake Island, where the highest point is {{convert|20|ft|m|abbr=on}}. Additionally, heavy rainfall from the typhoon left buildings flooded, with {{convert|2|ft|m|abbr=on}} of standing water found several days after its passage.<ref name="afd">{{cite web|author=Rob Tebben|year=2006|title=Ioke on Wake Island|publisher=Air Force Weather Observer|access-date=2007-10-15|url=http://www.afweather.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-061108-011.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216230416/http://www.afweather.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-061108-011.pdf|archive-date=2013-02-16|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The powerful winds of Typhoon Ioke caused extensive damage to the island's power grid, leaving most power lines to buildings and backup generators damaged. The combination of the winds and storm surge flooding damaged 70% of the buildings in the territory, many of which with moderate roof damage. All low-lying areas were described as being covered with sea water or sand, and the territory was left without running water.<ref name="afd"/> Communications were downed on the island, with satellite dishes and cables destroyed.<ref name="afpn917">{{cite news|author=Chris Vadnais |date=2006-09-17 |title=Airmen piece together Wake Island connectivity puzzle |publisher=Air Force Print News |access-date=2007-10-16 |url=https://www.af.mil/News/story/id/123027270/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011020202/http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123027270 |archive-date=2007-10-11 }}</ref> Damage to the infrastructure was extensive, though repairable and less than expected.<ref name="afd2">{{cite news|author=Chris Vadnais|date=2006-09-15|title=Airmen Add Up Damage at Wake Island|publisher=Air Force Print News|access-date=2014-12-10|url=https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/129764/airmen-add-up-damage-at-wake-island/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220012238/http://www.af.mil/News/ArticleDisplay/tabid/223/Article/129764/airmen-add-up-damage-at-wake-island.aspx|archive-date=2014-12-20|url-status=live}}</ref> Damage on the island was estimated at $88&nbsp;million (2006&nbsp;USD).<ref>{{cite web|author=Advisory Council for Historic Preservation |year=2007 |title=Spring 2007 Case Digest&nbsp;— Protecting Historic Properties |access-date=2007-10-15 |url=http://www.achp.gov/docs/case_spring_07small.pdf |page=17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527105056/http://www.achp.gov/docs/case_spring_07small.pdf |archive-date=2010-05-27 }}</ref>

=== Japan and Alaska ===
[[File:Ioke 2006-09-07 1300Z.png|thumb|The extratropical remnants of Ioke over the [[Bering Sea]], west of Alaska on September 7]]
On September 1, the Japan Meteorological Agency ordered the temporary evacuation of its staff on [[Minami-Tori-shima]], under threat of the typhoon. The agency expected high waves and winds on the island.<ref>{{cite web|author=Japan Meteorological Agency |year=2006 |title=Evacuation of Minami Torishima during Typhoon Ioke |access-date=2007-10-16 |url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/press/0609/01a/marcus.html |language=ja |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322200429/http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/press/0609/01a/marcus.html |archive-date=2011-03-22 |url-status=live }}</ref> Facilities on the island were damaged, although it was repaired and fully operational within three weeks after the storm.<ref>{{cite web|author=Japan Meteorological Agency |year=2006 |title=About Weather Observation Reopening of the South Torishima Meteorological Observing Station |language=ja |access-date=2008-12-06 |url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/press/0609/29a/marcus.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322200358/http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/press/0609/29a/marcus.html |archive-date=2011-03-22 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Extratropical cyclone|extratropical remnant]] of Ioke produced a storm surge and high surf in excess of {{convert|30|ft|m|abbr=on}} along the southwestern coastline of [[Alaska]], which coincided with the [[Tide|astronomical high tide]]; the combination led to minor flooding along [[Bristol Bay]] and [[Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta]].<ref name="ncdc">{{cite web|author=National Climatic Data Center |year=2006 |title=Event Report for Alaska |access-date=2007-10-16 |url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~604224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111160722/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~604224 |archive-date=2012-01-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wind gusts peaked at {{convert|84|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in [[Unalaska, Alaska|Unalaska]].<ref name="ncdc2">{{cite web|author=National Climatic Data Center |year=2006 |title=Event Report for Alaska (2) |access-date=2007-10-16 |url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~604225 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112184442/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~604225 |archive-date=2012-01-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The system produced moderate to heavy rainfall across the western portion of Alaska, including daily rainfall records of 1.15&nbsp;inches (29&nbsp;mm) at [[Bethel, Alaska|Bethel]] and 0.67&nbsp;in (17&nbsp;mm) at [[Kotzebue, Alaska|Kotzebue]]. Rainfall continued into the southeastern portion of the state, contributing to above-normal rainfall totals near [[Juneau, Alaska|Juneau]].<ref name="cattlenet">{{cite web|author=Cattle Network|year=2006|title=National Weather early for September 2006|access-date=2006-09-14|url=http://www.cattlenetwork.com/content.asp?contentid=67684| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927015657/http://www.cattlenetwork.com/content.asp?contentid=67684| archive-date = September 27, 2007}}</ref> Total damage in Alaska was estimated at $113,000 (2015 USD).<ref>[https://weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/worst-hurricanes-tropical-storms-states-2015 Worst Hurricanes in All 50 States Since 1900], The Weather Channel, September 26, 2015</ref>

== Aftermath and records ==
[[File:Ioke-wake-damage003.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Damage on Wake Island after Ioke]]
The [[United States Coast Guard]] first performed an aerial assessment of damage on [[Wake Island]] on September 2, three days after the typhoon struck. The flight indicated an overall damage smaller than expected, and reported a lack of oil spill or hazardous material leak. The U.S. Coast Guard arrived by boat with a team on September 7, with a preliminary damage assessment completed four days later; the team repaired a generator to provide power.<ref name="afd"/> The [[United States Navy]]'s combat stores ship, the [[USS San Jose (AFS-7)|USNS San Jose (T-AFS-7)]], and sixteen members [[United States Air Force]]'s 36th Contingency Response Group at [[Andersen AFB]], Guam arrived on September 8 and analyzed the stability of the airfield along with assisting in clean-up efforts, and after core tests workers cleared the runway to allow flights onto the territory.<ref>{{cite web|author=Chris Johnson|year=2006|title=In the Wake of Ioki|publisher=U.S. Military|access-date=2007-10-15|url=http://www.msc.navy.mil/sealift/2006/November/ioki.htm| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121217060348/http://www.msc.navy.mil/sealift/2006/november/ioki.htm | archive-date = 2012-12-17| url-status=dead}}</ref> On September 13, a group of engineers restored power on the island.<ref>{{cite news|author=Chris Vadnais |date=2006-09-20 |title=Power pros 'wire' Wake Island |publisher=Air Force Print News |access-date=2007-10-16 |url=https://www.af.mil/News/story/id/123027497/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011022133/http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123027497 |archive-date=2007-10-11 }}</ref> About two weeks after the cyclone, several buildings were operational.<ref name="afd2"/>

Hurricane Ioke became one of only seven hurricanes to reach [[List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes|Category 5]] status on the [[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale]] in the Central North Pacific Ocean. The others were [[1959 Pacific hurricane season#Hurricane Patsy|Patsy]] in 1959, [[Hurricane Emilia (1994)|Emilia]], [[Hurricane Gilma (1994)|Gilma]], and [[Hurricane John (1994)|John]] in 1994, as well as [[Hurricane Lane (2018)|Lane]] and [[Hurricane Walaka|Walaka]] in 2018. With an estimated minimum central pressure of 915&nbsp;[[Bar (unit)|mbar]] (27.019&nbsp;[[inch of mercury|inHg]]), the cyclone attained the lowest estimated surface pressure for any hurricane within the basin,<ref name="tcr"/> surpassing the previous minimum set by [[Hurricane Gilma (1994)|Hurricane Gilma]] in [[1994 Pacific hurricane season|1994]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Hurricane Research Division|year=2007|title=Northeast Pacific Ocean Tropical Cyclone Best Track|publisher=NOAA|access-date=2007-10-11|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/NEpacifichurdat.html| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120406110036/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/NEpacifichurdat.html | archive-date = 2012-04-06| url-status=live}}</ref> Ioke maintained at least Category&nbsp;4 status for 198&nbsp;consecutive hours, which was the longest continuous time period at that intensity ever observed for any tropical cyclone anywhere on Earth.<ref name="tcr"/> Additionally, the cyclone remained at the equivalence of a [[tropical cyclone scales|super typhoon]] for 174&nbsp;consecutive hours, which was also a record.<ref name="gp">{{cite web|author=Gary Padgett|year=2006|title=Tropical Cyclone Summary for August 2006|access-date=2007-10-11|url=http://www.australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2007/summ0608.htm| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120219194420/http://www.australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2007/summ0608.htm | archive-date = 2012-02-19| url-status=live}}</ref>

The name ''Ioke'' was retired from future use in the central Pacific by the [[World Meteorological Organization]] following the 2006 season. The name ''Iopa'' was chosen as its replacement.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone Naming History and Retired Names|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames_history.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|location=Miami, Florida|access-date=May 9, 2024|archive-date=June 27, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627193026/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames_history.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|website=cyclingweather.org|title=Reaching the End of the List|date=September 27, 2018|url=http://cyclingweather.org/2018/09/reaching-the-end-of-the-list/|access-date=May 9, 2024|archive-date=January 14, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114175215/http://cyclingweather.org/2018/09/reaching-the-end-of-the-list/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
* [[List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes]]
* [[Typhoon Olive (1952)]]
* [[Typhoon Ophelia]] (1960)
* [[Hurricane John (1994)]] &ndash; The second longest-lasting tropical cyclone ever recorded globally.
* [[Typhoon Oliwa]] (1997) &ndash; A Category 5 super typhoon that crossed the Central Pacific.
* [[Hurricane Genevieve (2014)]] &ndash; A Category 3 hurricane that crossed three basins and became a Category 5-equivalent typhoon
* [[Hurricane Hector (2018)]] &ndash; An erratic Category 4 hurricane that crossed three basins.
* [[Hurricane Walaka]] (2018) &ndash; The third most intense hurricane formed in the Central Pacific
* [[Cyclone Freddy]] (2023) &ndash; The longest lived and highest [[accumulated cyclone energy]] (ACE) of any tropical cyclone on record
{{clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* The CPHC's [http://www.weather.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive.php?stormid=CP012006 archive] on Hurricane Ioke
* The CPHC's [http://www.weather.gov/cphc/summaries/2006.php#ioke Best Track Data] on Hurricane Ioke
* The JMA's [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T0612.pdf Best Track Data] on Typhoon Ioke (0612) {{in lang|ja}}
* The JMA's [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T0612.png RSMC Best Track Data (Graphics)] on Typhoon Ioke (0612)
* The JMA's [http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/besttrack.html RSMC Best Track Data (Text)]
*[http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital-typhoon/summary/wnp/s/200612.html.en General Information] of Typhoon Ioke (0612) from Digital Typhoon
{{Featured article}}
{{Retired Pacific hurricanes}}
{{Category 5 Pacific hurricanes}}
{{2006 Pacific hurricane season buttons}}
{{2006 Pacific typhoon season buttons}}
{{Wake}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Ioke (2006)}}
[[Category:2006 in Alaska]]
[[Category:2006 Pacific hurricane season]]
[[Category:2006 Pacific typhoon season]]
[[Category:Category 5 Pacific hurricanes]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in Alaska]]
[[Category:Johnston Atoll|Hurricane Ioke]]
[[Category:Pacific Northwest storms]]
[[Category:Retired Pacific hurricanes]]
[[Category:Wake Island|Hurricane Ioke]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in 2006|Ioke]]