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{{Short description|Arabic-language term for a truce or armistice}}
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A '''''hudna''''' (from the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] {{lang|ar|{{large|هدنة}}}} meaning "calm" or "quiet") is a [[truce]] or [[armistice]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.reuters.com/axismundi/2009/06/28/negotiating-with-hamas-try-an-islamic-framework/ |title=Negotiating with Hamas? Try an Islamic Framework |last=Solomon |first=Erika |date=June 28, 2009 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |access-date=June 22, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005102954/http://blogs.reuters.com/axismundi/2009/06/28/negotiating-with-hamas-try-an-islamic-framework/ |archive-date=October 5, 2012}}</ref> It is sometimes translated as "[[cease-fire]]". In his medieval dictionary of [[Arabic language|classical Arabic]], the ''[[Lisan al-Arab]]'', [[Ibn Manzur]] defined it as:

: "''hadana'': he grew quiet. ''hadina'': he quieted (transitive or intransitive). ''haadana'': he made peace with. The noun from each of these is ''hudna''."{{citation needed|date=August 2014}}

A famous early ''hudna'' was the [[Treaty of Hudaybiyyah]] between [[Muhammad]] and the [[Quraysh (tribe)|Quraysh]] tribe.{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}

==Hudna in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict==
{{Israel–Palestinian peace process}}
In English, the term is most frequently used in reference to a [[ceasefire]] agreement in the [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]], particularly one that would involve organizations such as [[Hamas]]. The concept was also proposed to reduce violence in the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians by a Queen's University Belfast Professor in the period of 1999–2003 as a result of protracted negotiations with the Hamas leadership in the Gaza Strip, West Bank and abroad in countries like Lebanon and Syria. Some others claim that Israeli businessman Eyal Erlich in 2001, after seeing a ''hudna'' being declared in order to calm a [[feud]] in [[Jordan]] (cf. ''[[Haaretz]]'', January 2, 2002); introduced the idea, unsuccessfully, that Israel should suggest a mutual ''hudna'' as a prelude to a more lasting peace.

Despite the Israeli government's rejection of the idea, in summer 2003—following many years of negotiation and facilitation from European advisors and diplomats along with pressure from [[Abu Mazen]] and [[Egypt]]—[[Hamas]] and [[Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine|Islamic Jihad]] unilaterally declared a 45-day ceasefire, or ''hudna''. Its proponents commonly argued that such a cease-fire would allow for important violence reduction and act as a confidence-building measure to make further conflict resolution and peace negotiations possible; its opponents commonly argued that it would be a mere tactical maneuver enabling Palestinian groups to re-group and muster their strength in preparation for further attacks on Israelis, or Israel to continue expanding settlements, [[2007–2009 blockade of the Gaza Strip|blockading Palestinian towns]], and arresting members of such groups.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2003/651/re1.htm |title=Is the hudna over? |last=Amayreh |first=Khaled |date=August 20, 2003 |work=[[Al-Ahram Weekly]] |access-date=June 22, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030823061937/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2003/651/re1.htm |archive-date=August 23, 2003}}</ref> The ''hudna'' started on June 29, 2003.

In January 2004, senior Hamas leader [[Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi]] offered a 10-year ''hudna'' in return for complete withdrawal from all territories captured in the [[Six-Day War]], the establishment of a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza, and the "right of return" for all Palestinian refugees. Rantissi gave interviews with European reporters and said the ''hudna'' was limited to ten years and represented a decision by the movement because it was "difficult to liberate all our land at this stage; the hudna would however not signal a recognition of the state of Israel."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.eircom.net/content/reuters/worldnews/2416620?view=Eircomnet |title=Israel scorns Hamas 10-year truce plan |last=Tostevin |first=Matthew |date=January 26, 2004 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |access-date=November 21, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040306192510/http://home.eircom.net/content/reuters/worldnews/2416620?view=Eircomnet |archive-date=March 6, 2004}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
*[[Aman (Islam)]] or ''amān'', assurance of security or clemency granted to enemies who seek protection
*[[History of Islam]]
*[[List of Islamic terms in Arabic]]
*[[Second Intifada]] or Al-Aqsa Intifada (2000–2005), Palestinian uprising; its resolution included hudnas between Palestinian factions and with Israel
*[[Sulh]], Arabic word meaning "resolution" or "fixing" generally, frequently used in the context of social problems
*[[Tahdia]], Arabic for "calming" or "quieting"; stands for calming down on hostilities but not a complete stop to them

[[Category:Israeli–Palestinian peace process]]
[[Category:Arabic words and phrases]]
[[Category:Law of war]]
[[Category:Islamic terminology]]
[[Category:Phrases related to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict]]

[[ar:هدنة]]