View source for Huanjing (satellite)

{{Short description|Chinese environmental monitoring satellites}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}

China plans to launch eleven '''Huanjing''' ({{zh|s=环境}}) satellites for disaster and [[environmental monitoring]] ("huanjing" is Chinese for "environment"). The satellites will be capable of visible, infrared, multi-spectral and [[synthetic-aperture radar]] imaging.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hongkong.usconsulate.gov/uploads/images/pAw-Xhv1qHB7cBNrkQbc3A/uscn_others_2008030301.pdf|title=Military Power of the People's Republic of China|page=37|publisher=U.S. Department of Defense|year=2000|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014082411/http://hongkong.usconsulate.gov/uploads/images/pAw-Xhv1qHB7cBNrkQbc3A/uscn_others_2008030301.pdf|archive-date=14 October 2008}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

The first two satellites, Huanjing-1A and Huanjing-1B, were launched on 6 September 2008 on a [[Long March 2C]] rocket from the [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2008/09/delta-ii-launches-with-geoeye-1-chinese-launch-two-birds/|title=First natural disaster monitoring satellites launched by China|date=6 September 2008 |publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com}}</ref> In a report dated 3 September 2008, the [[Associated Press of Pakistan]] indicated the launch would be conducted 5 September 2008 using a [[Long March 2C]] launch vehicle.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=51449&Itemid=2|title=China to launch natural disaster monitoring satellites|date=2008-09-03|url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928183455/http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=51449&Itemid=2|archive-date=2011-09-28}}</ref> On 5 September 2008, [[Aviation Week]] reported the first launch would be of optical imaging satellites.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news/aw090808p2.xml|title=U.S. and China Resume Space Cooperation Talks|author=Covault, Craig|publisher=Aviation Week|date=5 September 2008|access-date=5 September 2008|archive-date=21 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521070636/http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news/aw090808p2.xml|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Huanjing-1C was launched on 16 November 2012 on a [[Long March 2C]] rocket from the [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center]]. It is the first civilian Chinese [[remote sensing]] satellite to use a [[synthetic-aperture radar]] as imaging instrument. This [[S band|S-band]] synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) was manufactured in Russia by [[NPO Mashinostroyeniya]].<ref name='eureka'>{{cite web |url=http://danielmarin.blogspot.com.ar/2012/11/lanzamiento-larga-marcha-cz-3c-huanjing.html|title=Lanzamiento Larga Marcha CZ-2C (Huanjing-1C)|author=Marín, Daniel|publisher=Eureka Blog|date=20 November 2012
|language=spanish}}</ref>

The two satellites, Huanjing-2A and Huanjing-2B, were launched on 27 September 2020 at 03:23 UTC on a [[Long March 4B]] [[launch vehicle]] from the [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center]]. The satellites "provide services concerning [[environmental protection]], [[natural resource]]s, [[Water conservation|water conservancy]], [[agriculture]] and [[forestry]]", Xinhua said.<ref name="SFN280920">{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/09/28/china-launches-environmental-monitoring-satellites/|title=China launches environmental monitoring satellites|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=28 September 2020 |access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref>

== Launches ==
{| class=wikitable
! Date ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])
! [[International Designator|COSPAR ID]]
! [[Satellite Catalog Number|SCN]]
! Launch vehicle
! Launch site
! Payload
! Outcome
! Comments
|-
| 6 September 2008, 03:25
| {{COSPAR|2008-041A}}<br>{{COSPAR|2008-041B}}
| 33320<br>33321
| [[Long March 2C]]
| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center]]
| Huanjing 1A and 1B
| Success<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-09/06/content_9806611.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906203913/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-09/06/content_9806611.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 September 2008|title=China launches two natural disaster monitoring satellites|date=2008-09-06|publisher=Xinhua}}</ref>
|
|-
| 19 November 2012, 22:53
| {{COSPAR|2012-064A}}
| 38997
| [[Long March 2C]]
| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center]]
| Huanjing 1C
| Success<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.ifeng.com/mainland/detail_2012_11/19/19300198_0.shtml|title=中国19日成功发射"环境一号"C卫星|date=2012-11-19|publisher=凤凰网}}</ref>
| Decayed<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=38997 |title=HJ-1C |work=N2YO.com |date=1 March 2023 |access-date=4 March 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 27 September 2020, 03:23
| {{COSPAR|2020-067A}}<br>{{COSPAR|2020-067B}}
| 46478<br>46479
| [[Long March 4B]]
| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center]]
| Huanjing 2A and 2B
| Success<ref>{{cite web|title=HJ 2A, 2B|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/hj-2a.htm}}</ref>
|
|-
| 12 October 2022, 22:53
| {{COSPAR|2022-132A}}
| 54035
| [[Long March 2C]]
| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center]]
| Huanjing 2E
| Success<ref>{{cite web |last=Howell |first=Elizabeth |url=https://www.space.com/china-launches-environment-satellite-third-launch-six-days |title=China launches environmental satellite in 3rd flight in 6 days |work=[[Space.com]] |date=13 October 2022 |access-date=13 October 2022}}</ref>
|
|-
| 8 August 2023, 22:53
| {{COSPAR|2023-116A}}
| 57519
| [[Long March 2C]]
| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center]]
| Huanjing 2F
| Success<ref>{{cite news |title=长二丙火箭成功发射环境减灾二号06星-新华网 |url=http://www.news.cn/science/20230810/6c51040440b34a95b5691c69bcd1813b/c.html |access-date=7 September 2023 |agency=新华社}}</ref>
|
|}

== References ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight|China}}
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Huanjing}}
[[Category:Satellites orbiting Earth]]
[[Category:Satellites of China]]
[[Category:Space synthetic aperture radar]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched by Long March rockets]]

{{Orbital launches in 2008}}
{{Orbital launches in 2012}}
{{Orbital launches in 2020}}
{{Orbital launches in 2022}}
{{Orbital launches in 2023}}

{{China-spacecraft-stub}}