View source for Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft

{{Short description|German shipbuilding company}}
{{Redirect|HDW}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft GmbH
| logo = Howaldtswerke Deutsche Werft.jpg
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| genre = [[Shipbuilding]]
| foundation = {{sda|1838}}
| founder = [[August Howaldt]] and {{ill|Johann Schweffel|de|Johann Schweffel III.}}
| location_city = [[Kiel]]
| location_country = Germany
| location = 
| key_people = 
| area_served = 
| industry = [[Shipbuilding]]
| products = [[Passenger ship]]s<br />[[Cargo ship]]s<br />[[U-boat]]s<br />[[Warship]]s
| services = 
| revenue = 
| operating_income = 
| net_income = 
| num_employees = 2,400
| parent = [[ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems]]
| divisions = 
| subsid = 
| owner = 
| company_slogan = 
| homepage = {{url|http://www.hdw.de}}
| dissolved = 
| footnotes = 
}}
'''Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft GmbH''' (often abbreviated '''HDW''') is a German [[shipbuilding]] company, headquartered in [[Kiel]]. It is part of the [[ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems]] (TKMS) group, owned by [[ThyssenKrupp]]. The Howaldtswerke shipyard was founded in Kiel in 1838 and merged with [[Hamburg|Hamburg-based]] [[Deutsche Werft]] to form Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft (HDW) in 1968. The company's shipyard was formerly used by [[Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft]] until the end of [[World War II]].

==History==
[[File:Howaldtswerke 1889.jpg|thumb|left|Share of the Howaldtswerke, issued 19 June 1889]]
[[File:HDW Kiel.jpg|thumb|View of HDW-shipyard at [[Kiel]]]]
[[File:Bundeswehrmuseum Dresden 7.jpg|thumb|An early submarine, the ''[[Brandtaucher]]'', in the museum in [[Dresden]]]]

HDW was founded October 1, 1838 in [[Kiel]] by engineer [[August Howaldt]] and entrepreneur {{ill|Johann Schweffel|de|Johann Schweffel III.}} under the name ''Maschinenbauanstalt und Eisengießerei Schweffel & Howaldt'' (Machine Factory and Iron Foundry Schweffel & Howaldt), initially building [[boiler]]s.

The first [[steam engine]] for naval purposes was built in 1849 for [[Von der Tann (gunboat)|''Von der Tann'']], a [[gunboat]] for the small navy of [[Schleswig-Holstein]]. In 1850, the company built an early [[submarine]], ''[[Brandtaucher]]'', designed by [[Wilhelm Bauer]]. It had been intended to build the boat in [[Rendsburg]] but [[Denmark|Danish]] forces advanced too close during the [[First Schleswig War]], so construction was moved to Kiel.

The first ship built under the company's new name ''Howaldtswerke'' was a small steamer, named ''Vorwärts'', built in 1865. Business expanded rapidly as Germany became a maritime power and, by the start of the 20th century, around 390 ships had been completed.

In 1892, the company started a subsidiary in [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] [[Fiume]] on the coast of the [[Adriatic Sea]]. The subsidiary closed ten years later, but the yard remains open under the name [[3. Maj]].

With Kiel being one of the two main bases of the [[Kaiserliche Marine]], the shipyard also benefited much from navy maintenance, repair and construction contracts. During [[World War I]] the company also built a number of [[U-boat]]s. By 1937, the company had yards in Kiel and in Hamburg, and was taken over by the [[Kriegsmarine]]. During [[World War II]], Howaldtswerke built 33 [[German Type VII submarine|VIIC]] U-boats in Hamburg and 31 in Kiel.

After the end of World War II, Howaldtswerke was the only major shipyard in Kiel that was not dismantled. The yard flourished during the "[[Wirtschaftswunder|economic miracle]]" of the 1960s, with the construction of freighters and tankers, and again expanded by opening a shipyard in Hamburg. Howaldtswerke merged with [[Deutsche Werft]] in Hamburg in 1968, and the company took the new name ''Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft'' (HDW). In 1982, HDW took out ads in American newspapers offering to sell the U.S. Navy the rights to build a Type 2000 submarine in the U.S. using American labor and materials.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pierce |first1=Charles P. |title=U-Bet |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_boston-phoenix_1982-05-04_11_18/page/n1/mode/1up |access-date=August 23, 2024 |work=The Boston Phoenix |date=May 4, 1982}}</ref> Pressure from cheaper competitors in [[Japan]] and [[South Korea]] caused the closure of the Hamburg yard in 1985.

In March 2002, the American financial investor One Equity Partner (OEP) took over the majority of Babcock AG at HDW. Shortly after that, Babcock AG had to file for insolvency and called for a reserved transaction, but the OEP was able to avoid this.<ref>*[[Torsten Oltmanns]], Ralf-Dieter Brunowsky: Re: think CEO 2. Managers in the media trap (abstract; in German), original title: Manager in der Medienfalle, BrunoMedia, Cologne 2009, {{ISBN|978-3-9811506-7-4}}, S. 35</ref>

In January 2005, HDW became a subsidiary of [[ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems]] (TKMS), which also part-owned [[Kockums]] of [[Malmö]], [[Sweden]] and 24.9% of [[Hellenic Shipyards Co.]] of [[Skaramangas]], [[Greece]]. The group employs around 6,600 workers. In 2009, HDW worked with [[Kockums]] and [[Northrop Grumman]] to offer a {{sclass|Visby|corvette|1}} derivative in the American [[Focused Mission Vessel Study]], a precursor to the [[Littoral combat ship]] program.

In July 2011, TKMS announced that it has confirmed an existing deal to sell the civilian shipbuilding assets of HDW Gaarden to [[Abu Dhabi MAR]].<ref name="ADM10">{{cite web|url=http://megayachtnews.com/2011/07/blohm-voss-sale-to-abu-dhabi-mar-falls-through/#axzz1ecTgDSfH |title= Blohm+Voss Sale to Abu Dhabi MAR Falls Through |date=July 1, 2011 |work=megayachtnews.com|access-date=Nov 22, 2011}}</ref><ref name="ADM11">{{cite web |url=http://www.motorship.com/news101/planned-blohm-voss-sale-falls-through |title=Planned Blohm + Voss sale falls through |date=July 4, 2011 |work=motorship.com |access-date=Nov 22, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222144725/http://www.motorship.com/news101/planned-blohm-voss-sale-falls-through |archive-date=December 22, 2011 }}</ref><ref name="ADM12">{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/business/economy/abu-dhabi-mar-german-deal-falls-through |title= Abu Dhabi MAR-German deal 'falls through'|date=July 2, 2011 |work=thenational.ae|access-date=Nov 22, 2011}}</ref><ref name="ADM13">{{cite web|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/German-Shipbuilding-Restructured-UAEs-Firm-Buys-BlohmVoss-05873/ |title= German Shipbuilding Restructured: UAE's Firm Buys Blohm+Voss|date=July 7, 2011 |work=defenseindustrydaily.com|access-date=Nov 22, 2011}}</ref>

==Ships built by HDW (selection)==

===Civilian===
[[File:Superfast VIII 100507.jpg|thumb|right|{{MS|Superfast VIII||2}} at [[Helsinki]]]]
* {{ship||Bungsberg|ship|2}} (1924)
* {{ship||Christina O}} (1954), [[luxury yacht]] conversion from naval vessel for [[Aristotle Onassis]]
* {{ship||Otto Hahn|ship|2}} (1968), nuclear powered freighter
* {{MS|Tor Britannia||2}} (1975), [[cruiseferry]]
* {{MS|Tor Scandinavia||2}} (1976), cruiseferry
* {{MS|Bahamas Celebration||2}} (1981), cruiseferry
* {{MS|Astor|1981|2}} (1981), [[cruise ship]]
* {{ship|RV|Polarstern||2}} (1982), research [[icebreaker]]
* {{MS|Astor||2}} (1987), cruise ship
* {{MS|Superfast V||2}} (2001), fast ropax ferry
* {{MS|Superfast VII||2}} (2001), fast ropax ferry
* {{MS|Superfast VIII||2}} (2001), fast ropax ferry
* {{MS|Superfast IX||2}} (2002), fast ropax ferry
* {{MS|Superfast X||2}} (2002), fast ropax ferry

===Naval===

====Battleships====
* {{SMS|Helgoland|1909|6}} (1911)
* {{SMS|Kaiserin}} (1913)
* {{SMS|Bayern}} (1916)

====Frigates====
[[File:SAS Isandlwana.jpg|thumb|right|{{ship|SAS|Isandlwana|F146|6}}]]

* {{ship|German frigate|Hamburg|F220|2}}, a {{sclass|Sachsen|frigate|1}}
* {{sclass|Kasturi|frigate|1}}, two frigates built for the [[Royal Malaysian Navy]]
* {{sclass|Almirante Padilla|frigate|1}}, frigates built for the [[Colombian Navy]]
* {{ship|SAS|Isandlwana|F146|6}}
* {{ship|SAS|Mendi|F148|6}}
* {{ship|German frigate|Schleswig-Holstein|F216|2}}, a {{sclass|Brandenburg|frigate|1}}

====Corvettes====
* {{sclass|Braunschweig|corvette|1}}s

====Submarines (U-boats)====

* [[Type VII submarine|Type VIIC submarines]] (WWII)
* [[Type 201 submarine]]s
* [[Type 205 submarine]]s
* [[Type 206 submarine]]s
* [[Type 209 submarine]]s
* [[Tridente-class submarine|Type U 209PN submarines]]
* [[Type 212CD submarine]]s
* [[Type 212 submarine]]s
* [[Type 214 submarine]]s<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2013-news/may-2013-navy-world-naval-forces-maritime-industry-technology-news/1036--thyssenkrupp-marine-systems-showcases-its-modern-submarines-at-imdex-asia-2013.html |title=ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems showcases its modern submarines at IMDEX Asia 2013 |date=May 13, 2013}}</ref>
* [[Type 218 submarine]]s
* [[Dolphin-class submarine|Type 800 submarines]]
* {{sclass|Dolphin|submarine|4}}
* {{sclass|Dakar|submarine|4}}

====Gunboats====
* {{USS|Topeka|PG-35}} (built (only) by Howaldtswerke as ''Diogenes'', a steamer (1881))

== Current submarine production and sales ==

=== Confirmed sales ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Class
!Subclass
!Order / in production
!Client
!Notes
|-
|'''{{sclass|Dakar|submarine|4}}'''
|—
| style="text-align: center;" |'''3'''
|{{navy|Israel}}
|3 ordered in {{dts|January 2022|format=my|abbr=on}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vavasseur |first=Xavier |date=2022-01-20 |title=Israel orders 3 new Dakar-class submarines from TKMS |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/01/israel-orders-3-new-dakar-class-submarines-from-tkms/ |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=Naval News |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|'''[[Type 214 submarine|Type 214]]'''
|{{sclass|Reis|submarine|4}}
| style="text-align: center;" |'''4'''
|{{navy|Turkey}}
|Part of a class of 6 submarines ordered in {{dts|July 2009|format=my|abbr=on}}, 4 still in production, made under licence by the [[Gölcük Naval Shipyard]] in Turkey.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-07-06 |title=>Turkey signs contract for six Type 214 submarines |url=https://devrimyaylali.com/2009/07/06/turkey-signs-contract-for-six-type-214-submarines/ |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=devrimyaylali.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ozberk |first=Tayfun |date=2022-05-24 |title=Turkey launches second Reis-class Type 214 AIP submarine |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/05/turkey-launches-second-reis-class-type-214-aip-submarine/ |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=Naval News |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Type 212CD submarine|'''Type 212CD''']]
| rowspan="2" |—
| style="text-align: center;" |'''6'''
|{{navy|Germany|name=Deutsche Marine}}
|2 ordered in {{dts|August 2021|format=my|abbr=on}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Ceremony for the major submarine contracts between Norway and Germany |url=https://www.thyssenkrupp-marinesystems.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/press-detail-page/ceremony-for-the-major-submarine-contracts-between-norway-and-germany-163061 |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=www.thyssenkrupp-marinesystems.com |language=en}}</ref>

4 ordered in {{dts|December 2024|format=my|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Record order – thyssenkrupp Marine Systems granted order expansion in the 212CD program |url=https://www.thyssenkrupp.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/pressdetailpage/record-order-thyssenkrupp-marine-systems-granted-order-expansion-in-the-212cd-program-291079 |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=thyssenkrupp |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |'''4'''
|{{navy|Norway}}
|4 ordered in {{dts|August 2021|format=my|abbr=on}}<ref name=":1" />
|-
|'''[[Type 218]]'''
|{{sclass|Invincible|submarine|4}}
| style="text-align: center;" |'''2'''
|{{navy|Singapore}}
|In {{dts|March 2025|format=my|abbr=on}}, the Defence Minister announced a plan to purchase 2 additional submarines of this class<ref>{{Cite web |title=Singapore to buy 2 more submarines and introduce new 'Titan' infantry fighting vehicle |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/submarines-new-infantry-fighting-vehicle-mindef-4971486 |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>
The order was confirmed in May.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Valpolini |first=Paolo |date=2025-05-10 |title=thyssenkrupp Marine Systems receives order extension for two additional submarines from Singapore |url=https://www.edrmagazine.eu/thyssenkrupp-marine-systems-receives-order-extension-for-two-additional-submarines-from-singapore |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=EDR Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
! style="text-align: center;" |19
! colspan="2" |
|}
=== Likely sales ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Class
!Subclass
!Likely sales
!Client
!Notes
|-
|[[Type 212CD submarine|'''Type 212CD''']]
|—
| style="text-align: center;" |'''2'''
|{{navy|Norway}}
|2 approved to be ordered by the parliament in {{dts|June 2024|format=my|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-05 |title=U212 CD – Norwegen soll zwei weitere U-Boote bekommen |url=https://www.hartpunkt.de/u212-cd-norwegen-soll-zwei-weitere-u-boote-bekommen/ |access-date=2025-04-18 |language=de}}</ref>
|-
|'''[[Type 214 submarine|Type 214]]'''
|—
| style="text-align: center;" |'''6'''
|{{navy|India}}
|Class selected in {{dts|January 2025|format=my|abbr=on}}, as part of the [[Project-75 (India) submarine acquisition project|Project P-75I]], likely to be produced under licence in India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bisht |first=Inder Singh |date=2025-01-28 |title=Thyssenkrupp Wins Indian Navy Deal to Build Six AIP-Equipped Subs |url=https://thedefensepost.com/2025/01/28/thyssenkrupp-indian-navy-subs/#:~:text=Thyssenkrupp%20Wins%20Indian%20Navy%20Deal%20to%20Build%20Six%20AIP-Equipped%20Subs,-Inder%20Singh%20Bisht&text=Mazagon%20Dock%20Shipbuilders%20(MDL)%20and,submarines%20for%20the%20Indian%20Navy. |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=The Defense Post |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
! style="text-align: center;" |8
! colspan="2" |
|}

=== Planned replacements ===
Ongoing bids and potential sales in new submarine purchase programmes.
{| class="wikitable"
!Class
!Subclass
!Potential sales
!Client
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Type 209 submarine|'''Type 209''']]
|Type 209NG
| style="text-align: center;" |'''3'''
|{{navy|Argentina}}
|In competition with Naval Group to supply submarines to Argentina.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Redacción |date=2025-02-08 |title=Germany would double down on its bid to equip the Argentine Navy with TKMS Type 209NG submarines |url=https://www.zona-militar.com/en/2025/02/08/germany-would-double-down-on-its-bid-to-equip-the-argentine-navy-with-tkms-type-209ng-submarines/ |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=Zona Militar |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|—
| style="text-align: center;" |'''4'''
|{{navy|Egypt}}
|The Egyptian Navy is looking to replace its Romeo-class submarines, and the Type 209 is among the likely competitors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egypt considers new submarine acquisitions {{!}} Shephard |url=https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/naval-warfare/egypt-considers-new-submarine-acquisitions/ |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=www.shephardmedia.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Type 209 submarine|'''Type 209NG''']]
|Type 209NG
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |'''4'''
| rowspan="2" |{{navy|Greece}}
| rowspan="2" |The Hellenic Navy is planning to procure 4 submarines, and one of the German models will be offered.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-12 |title=Greece to Buy Four New Submarines |url=https://www.marinelink.com/news/greece-buy-four-new-submarines-523437#:~:text=Greece%20will%20spend%20more%20than,of%20the%20plan%20told%20Reuters. |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=MarineLink |language=en}}</ref>
They will replace the [[Glavkos-class submarine|''Glafkos'' class]] (Type 209/1100) and [[Poseidon-class submarine|''Poseidon'' class]] (Type 209/1200) submarines.
|-
|'''[[Type 218]]'''
|—
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Type 212CD submarine|'''Type 212CD''']]
| rowspan="3" |—
| style="text-align: center;" |'''3'''
|{{navy|Germany|name=Deutsche Marine}}
|According to the ''Zielbild Marine 2035+'' plan, the German will operate from 6 to 9 Type 212 CD, therefore up to 3 additional Type 212 CD<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Luck |first=Alex |date=2023-03-10 |title=German Navy mulling drone-heavy force structure looking towards 2035 and beyond |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/03/german-navy-mulling-drone-heavy-force-structure-looking-towards-2035-and-beyond/ |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Naval News |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |'''3'''
|{{navy|Poland}}
|The Polish Navy is looking for 3 attack submarines as part of the Orka programme.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-07 |title=MSPO 2023: TKMS reveals potential offerings for Polish Navy&#39;s ‘Orka&#39; submarine programme |url=https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/industry/mspo-2023-tkms-reveals-potential-offerings-for-polish-navys-orka-submarine-programme |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=Default |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |'''12'''
|{{navy|Canada}}
|Canada unveiled its plan for the future of its navy, which includes up to 12 submarines. Norway and Germany offered a partnership with the Type 212CD.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 May 2024 |title=Deutschland und Norwegen schlagen Kanada maritime Partnerschaft vor |url=https://www.hartpunkt.de/deutschland-und-norwegen-schlagen-kanada-maritime-partnerschaft-vor/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Naval News |date=2024-07-11 |title=Canada launches process to acquire up to 12 conventionally-powered submarines |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2024/07/canada-launches-process-to-acquire-up-to-12-conventionally-powered-submarines/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=Naval News |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|—
|—
| style="text-align: center;" |'''2'''
|{{navy|Chile}}
|The Chilean Navy is looking to replace its 2 [[Type 209 submarine|''Thomson'' class]] (Type 209/1400-L)<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-05-23 |title=The Chilean Navy expects to start a replacement program for the 209/1400L class submarines |url=https://www.riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/defense-updates/the-chilean-navy-expects-to-start-a-replacement-program-for-the-209-1400l-class-submarines/ |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=The Rio Times |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" |Up to
! style="text-align: center;" |31
! colspan="2" |
|}

== See also ==
* [[ThyssenKrupp]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{refbegin}}
* [http://www.hdw.de HDW] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611155351/http://www.hdw.de/ |date=2009-06-11 }}
* [http://www.thyssenkrupp-marinesystems.com ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems]
* [http://www.kockums.se Kockums] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050623234825/http://www.kockums.se/ |date=2005-06-23 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050509081013/http://www.hellenic-shipyards.gr/ Hellenic Shipyards Co.]
* [http://www.usstopekaclg8.org/History/Ships/PG35.htm USS Topeka]
* {{PM20|FID=co/011461|TEXT=Documents and clippings about|NAME=}}
{{refend}}

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{{Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft}}
{{ThyssenKrupp}}
{{Portal bar|Germany|Companies|Transport|Engineering|Technology}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kiel]]
[[Category:Shipbuilding companies of Germany]]
[[Category:Defence companies of Germany]]
[[Category:Military vehicle manufacturers]]
[[Category:Companies based in Kiel]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1838]]
[[Category:19th-century establishments in Schleswig-Holstein]]
[[Category:German corporate subsidiaries]]
[[Category:Submarine builders]]
[[Category:1838 establishments in the German Confederation]]