View source for House of Baux

{{Short description|French noble family}}
{{See also|Lords of Baux}}
{{Citation style|date=July 2022}}
[[File:Arms of the Lords of Baux.svg|thumb|Coat of arms of the House of Baux, with the star signifying their legendary descent from King Balthazar, one of the Three Wise Men.]]
The '''House of Baux''' is a noble family from the south of France. It was one of the richest and most powerful families of medieval Provence, known as the 'Race d’Aiglon'. They were independent lords as castellans of Les Baux and Arles and wielded very considerable authority at the local level. They held important fiefs and vast lands, including the [[principality of Orange]].<ref>{{harvnb|Grew|1947|page=5–16}}</ref>

In {{langx|fro|baux}} (and in [[Provençal dialect|Provençal]]-Occitan, {{lang|oc|li baou}}) is the word for 'cliffs, escarpment'. In its use as the family name, it refers to the natural fortress on which the family built their castle, the [[Château des Baux]] and the village that surrounded it. The escarpment provided a raised and protected mountain valley that protected their food supply; the natural ridge of the [[Alpilles]] allowed control of all the approaches to the citadel of [[Les Baux-de-Provence]] and the surrounding countryside, including the passage up and down the Rhone, and the approaches from the Mediterranean. Together, these natural advantages made the fortress impervious to the military technology of the time.

The family of des Baux is still thriving today in Naples in the person of several noble families descended from younger sons who followed Charles of Anjou south.<ref>{{Cite web  |last=del Balzo |first=Gioacchino |title=GENEALOGY Maison del Balzo/des Baux |url=http://www.delbalzo.net/genealogia2.htm |access-date=21 April 2011}}</ref> In particular from Bertrand, Lord of Baux and Prince of Orange, derive three cadet branches of the house, which moved to southern Italy, giving rise to the Italianized branches of the "[[Orsini del Balzo]]" Counts of Avellino, Dukes of Andria and Princes of Taranto.

After the death of  {{interlanguage link|Alix des Baux|fr|Alix des Baux}}, the last sovereign of Baux, the chateau and town were seized by [[René of Anjou|King Rene]], who gave them to his second wife, Queen Jeanne of Laval.  When Provence was united with the crown almost 150 yrs of royal governors followed, including the lords, later counts and princes, de Manville. Les Baux became a centre for Protestantism.  Its unsuccessful revolt against the crown led Cardinal Richelieu in 1632 to order that the castle and its walls should be demolished.  This was accomplished with the aid of artillery.

==Lords of Baux==
[[Image:Arms of the Lords of Baux.svg|thumb|right|125px|Original coat of arms of the House of Baux (Lords of Baux). Some authors, and local tradition, with a hagiographic aim, fancifully claimed that the family was descended from Balthazar, one of the three Magi (the 16-rayed star symbolizing the star of Bethlehem). Some, that they descended from the first kings of Armenia, the star signifying that they directly knew Jesus. The mottoes of the family were {{lang|fr|Au Hasard Baltasar}}; {{lang|fr|Jamais Vassal}}; and {{langx|la|Semper Ardentius}}.]]

The earliest definite ancestor was Pons ({{lang|la|Poncius Iuvenis}}, 'Pons the Younger'). The name may indicate a trader from Greece,{{why|date= July 2022}} while his [[sobriquet]], 'the Younger', distinguished him from his father, Pons the Elder. Pons the Younger was mentioned in three legal acts:<ref name=paulet>{{Cite book|last=Paulet |first=Ladislas |title=Les Baux et Castillon: Histoire des communes des Baux, de Paradou, de Maussane, et de Mouries |date=1986  |location=Arles, France |publisher=Editions Culture Provencale Méridionale de Marcel Petit |isbn=978-2866730604 }}</ref>
* 1st in the act of donation of 14 May 971 donating Montmajour to Boson & his wife Folcoare,
* 2nd in 975 in the act of donation of land to St Etienne d'Arles, now called St. Trophime (Arch. du chap. d'Arles, liv. autent. f. 22)
* 3rd with his wife Profecte in an act of donation in 981

The family descent then is:
*[[Pons the Younger]] (born {{circa|950}}, {{fl.|971-1028}}), father of
*[[Hugh I of Baux|Hugh I]] (born {{circa|970}}{{snd}}after 1059), father of
*{{ill|William Hugh of Baux|fr|Guillaume Hugues des Baux}} {{langx|fr|Guillaume Hugues}} or "Guilhem Uc" (after 1030{{snd}}1105), father of
*[[Raymond I of Baux|Raymond I]] (before 1095{{snd}}1150), father of
*[[Hugh II of Baux|Hugh II]] (reigned 1150{{snd}}1167; retired to Sardinia where he died in 1179)
*[[Bertrand I of Baux|Betrand I]] (1167–1181), brother of Hugh II
*[[Hugh III of Baux|Hugh III]] (1181–1240), lord of Baux, viscount of Marseille, eldest son of Bertrand I
*[[Barral of Baux]] (Barral I, 1240–1268), father of
*[[Bertrand III of Baux|Bertrand III]] (1268–1305), father of
*[[Raymond II of Baux|Raymond II]] (1305–1322), father of
*[[Hugh IV of Baux|Hugh IV]] (1322–1351), father of
*[[Robert of Baux|Robert]] (1351–1353)
*[[Raymond III of Baux|Raymond III]] (1353–1372), brother of Robert, father of
*[[John of Baux|John I]] (1372–1375)
*[[Alice of Baux|Alice I]] (1372–1426), sister of John

This branch of the House of Baux was declared extinct in 1426.  The domains were inherited by [[Counts of Provence]].

==Lords of Berre, Meyragues, Puyricard and Marignane==

* {{interlanguage link|Bertrand II des Baux|fr|Bertrand II des Baux}}, second oldest son of {{interlanguage link|Bertrand I des Baux|fr|Bertrand I des Baux}}, lord of Berre, Meyragues and Puyricard, and Marignane  (1181–1201)
* ...

From this branch originated the family branches of the {{interlanguage link|Seigneurs de Berre|fr|Seigneurs de Berre}}, Lords of Meyrargues and Puyricard, who became extinct in 1349, and lords of Marignane, acquired by [[House of Valois-Anjou]], as well as the Dukes of [[Andria, Italy|Andria]].

==Princes of Orange==
[[Image:Arms of the House of Baux-Orange.svg|thumb|right|125px|When a branch of the lords of Baux married the heiress of the princes of Orange, they quartered their arms with those of the princes of Orange.]]
{{See also|Prince of Orange}}

* Bertrand I des Baux (1171–1181)
* Raymond II of Baux, (1218–1282)
* [[William I of Baux|William I]], youngest son of Bertrand I des Baux, (1181–1218)
* [[William II of Baux|William II]], co-Prince (with brothers),1218-1239
* Bertrand II, (1281–1314)
* Raymond III (1314–1340)
* Raymond V (1340–1393)
* [[Mary of Baux-Orange]] (1393–1417), daughter, married [[John III of Chalon-Arlay]]

In 1417, the [[House of Ivrea]] or House of Chalon-Arlay succeeded as princes of Orange.

A brother of William I started the branch of the Lords of Courbezon (House of Baux-Courbezon), which became extinct in 1393.  Another brother started the line of Lords of Suze, Solerieux and Barri (House of Baux-Suze-Solerieux-Barri), which became extinct and reverted afterwards to the counts of Orange.

[[Image:Baux de Provence.jpg|center|600px|thumb|[[Les Baux-de-Provence]] seen from the side, showing the natural fortress created by the escarpment. Without gunpowder, it was impregnable.]]

==Family Genealogy==
{{more citations needed section|date=August 2012}}<!--Two citations are not enough. The large citation needs to be broken up so that it can be fitted to each entry like the current smaller citation.-->

===Ancestors of the Lords of Baux===
The ancestors of the Lords of Baux:<ref>{{cite book |last1=Geary |first1=Patrick J. |title=Phantoms of remembrance: Memory and oblivion at the end of the first millennium|date=1994|page=76 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/titles/5552.html |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, N.J., United States|isbn=9780691026039}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Olivier |last=d’Hauthuille |title=Héraldique et généalogie}} 89.I.160</ref>{{full citation needed|date=July 2022}}

{{hidden begin|expanded=true|border=1px  #aaa solid|title=Ancestors of the Lords of Baux|ta1=center}}
{{tree list}}
* [[Leibulf de Provence]] (vers 750–835)
** m. '''Odda''' ?
*** '''Leibulf des Baux''' (middle of the 9th century).<ref>*{{Cite book  |last=Cook |first=Theodore Andrea |title=Twenty-five great houses of France; the story of the noblest French chateaux |publisher=Country Life |year=1905 |location=London |page=127 |quote=The first Count of Les Baux, whose name alone we know, was Leibulf, whose son Pons, or Poncius, owned large lands in Argence Old Provence }}</ref>
**** m. ??
***** ''' Pons d’Arles''' (end of the 9th century)
****** m. Blismodis de Mâcon
******* Humbert, [[Bishop of Vaison-la-Romaine]] (890–933)
******* '''Ison d’Arles''' (890–942)
******** m. Princess ? [[List of Dukes and Princes of Benevento|of Benevento]]
********* Lambert Ursus seigneurs de [[Reillanne]]
********** m. Galburge de Bénévent
*********** Seigneurs de [[Reillanne]]
********* [[Pons de Marseille]] (910–979), <!--''dit major'' translate as?-->
********** m. '''Judith de Bretagne''',<ref name=one group=lower-alpha/> daughter d'[[Alain II de Bretagne]]
*********** [[Honoratus de Marseille]] (930–978), Bishop of Marseille
*********** William of Marseille (935–1004)
*********** m. '''Bellilde''', daughter d’[[Arlulf de Marseille]]
************ [[Vicomtes de Marseille]]
********** m. '''Belletrude'''<ref name=two group=lower-alpha/>
*********** (hyp) [[Pons de Fos]] (vers 945–1025)
************ m. Profecta de Marignane
************* Seigneurs de [[Fos-sur-Mer|Fos]]
************* (hyp) [[Hugues des Baux]] (981–1060) [[Image:Arms of the Lords of Baux.svg|30px]]
************** m. Inauris de Cavaillon (?)
*************** [[Guillaume Hugues de Baux]] (1060–1095)[[Image:Arms of the Lords of Baux.svg|30px]]
**************** m. Vierne
***************** [[Raymond-Raimbaud des Baux]] (1095–1150)[[Image:Arms of the Lords of Baux.svg|30px]]
****************** m. Étiennette de Gévaudan [[Image:Aragon arms.svg|30px]]
******************* Bertrand des Baux [[Image:Arms of the House of Baux-Orange.svg|30px]]
******************** m. [[Thiburge II d'Orange]] [[Image:Original arms of the Principality of Orange.svg|30px]]
{{tree list/end}}
{{hidden end}}

===Simplified Family Tree of the Lords of Baux===

The family tree of the lords of Baux:<ref name=paulet/>{{efn|(Per the references cited in the Simplified family tree footnote section below, rather than footnote each person, as they are from all these sources)}}

{{tree chart/start|style=font-size:70%;line-height:100%;}}
{{tree chart| | PTY |PTY ='''Pons the Younger<br />"Iuventus"'''<br />945-1025<br/>[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]}}
{{tree chart| | |!| }}
{{tree chart| | HLB | | FBP |HLB='''Hugh'''<br />981-1060<br />Lord of Baux<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|FBP='''[[Geoffrey I of Provence|Geoffrey I of Provence, 1013-1062, Count of Provence]]'''}}
{{tree chart| | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|.| }}
{{tree chart| | WHB | | BER | | GER |y| GIL| | WHB='''William Hugo'''<br />c. 1026 - c. 1105<br />Lord of Baux<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|BER='''[[William Bertrand of Provence|William Bertrand]]'''<br />1051-1094<br />Count of Provence|GER='''[[Gerberga, Countess of Provence|Gerberga]]'''<br />1094-1118<br />Countess of Provence|GIL='''Gilbert'''<br />Viscount of Gévaudan<br />Count of Arles<br />d.ca. 1110|}}
{{tree chart| | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|(| }}
{{tree chart| | RAY |y| STE | | | | DUL |y|BAR|RAY='''Raymond I'''<br />1095-1150<br />Lord of Baux<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|STE='''Stephanie'''<br />d. c. 1160<br /> The younger daughter.<br />This marriage was<br />the start of the<br />[[Baussenque Wars]] over the<br />succession to Provence|DUL='''[[Douce I, Countess of Provence|Dulcia]]'''<br />Countess of Provence<br />c. 1090–1127|BAR='''[[Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona|Ramon Berenguer III<br />"the Great"]]'''<br />Count of Barcelona<br />c. 1082–1131<br />[[Image:Aragon arms.svg|20px]]}}
{{tree chart| | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | |!| }}
{{tree chart| | HUG | | BER |y| TIB | | PRO |HUG='''Hugh II'''<br />1150-1170<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]<br />Iudicarus of Arborea<br />Sardinia<br />Vcte. des Baux<br />to 1384| BER='''Bertrand I'''<br />Lord of Baux<br />1130-1181<br />[[Prince of Orange|Count & from 1163<br />Prince of Orange]]<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|TIB='''Tiburge d'Orange'''<br />died 1189<br />daughter & heiress of<br />Raimbaud II d'Orange<br />[[Prince of Orange|Count of Orange]]<br />[[Image:Blason Raymond IV des Baux.svg|20px]]|PRO='''[[Counts of Provence|Counts of<br />Provence]]'''<br />[[Image:Aragon arms.svg|20px]]<br />[[Image:Armoiries Anjou Jérusalem.svg|20px]][[Image:Lorraine Arms 1430.svg|20px]]}}
{{tree chart| | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
{{tree chart| BAR |y| HUG | | | | | | | | BER | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GUI |GUI='''[[William I of Baux|William I]]'''<br />?-1218<br />[[Prince of Orange]]<br />[[Image:Blason Baux-Orange.svg|20px]]|BER=''' Bertrand II'''<br />died 1201<br />co-[[Prince of Orange]]<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|HUG='''Hugh III'''<br />1173- 1240<br />[[Lords of Baux|Lord of Baux]]<br />Vcte of Marseille<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|BAR='''Barrale'''<br />Viscountess of Marseille<br />died 1234 <br />[[Image:Blason vicomtes de Marseille.svg|20px]]}}
{{tree chart| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
{{tree chart| | | BAR | | | | | | | | | | RAY | | | | | | BE3 | | | | RAY2| | | | | | | | | | WM2 |BAR='''[[Barral of Baux|Barral I]]'''<br />1217-1270<br />[[Lords of Baux|Lord of Baux]]<br />Vcte of Marseille<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|RAY='''Raymond II<br />d.1236'''<br />Vcte of Marseille<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|BE3=[[Bertrand III of Baux|Bertrand III]]<br>Count of Andria, Montescaglioso, and Squillace|RAY2='''Raymond I'''<br />1202-1282<br />co-[[Prince of Orange]]<br />[[Image:Blason Baux-Orange.svg|20px]]|WM2='''[[William II of Baux|William II]]'''<br />1218-1239<br />co-[[Prince of Orange]]<br />[[Image:Blason Baux-Orange.svg|20px]]}}
{{tree chart| | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| }}
{{tree chart| | | BER2| | BER3| | GIL | | GUI | | RAY | | FR1 | | BER4|y| ELE | | WM4 | | WM3 | | RAY2 |BER2='''Bertrand II'''<br />1244-1305<br />[[Lords of Baux|Lord of Baux]]<br />Vcte of Marseille<br />1st [[Avellino|Count d'Avellino]]<br />(Naples) 1278<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]| BER3='''Bertrand III'''<br />Sg Meyrargues<br />et Puyricard<br />+1266<br />Line of<br />Sg de Meyrargues<br />et de Puyricard<br />ended 1352 in<br />the male line.<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|GIL='''Gilbert'''<br />Sg de Marignane<br />Line of<br />sg de Marignane<br />line continues to<br />present in Provence<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|GUI='''William I'''<ref name=one group=lower-alpha/><br />Sg de Berre<br />+1265/1266<br />dukes d'Andria(Naples)<br />from whom "del Balzo"<br />dukes of Capriglianode<br />dukes of Presenzano<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|RAY='''Raymond'''<br />Vcte of Berre<br />No descendants<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|FR1=[[Francis of Baux|Francis I]]<br>Duke of Andria, Count of Montescaglioso & Squillace|BER4='''Bertrand IV'''<br />died 1314<br />4th-[[Prince of Orange]]<br />[[Image:Blason Baux-Orange.svg|20px]]|WM4='''William IV'''<br />d. 1281<br />co-[[Prince of Orange]]<br />[[Image:Blason Baux-Orange.svg|20px]]|WM3='''[[William III of Baux|William III]]'''<br />died 1256/7<br />co-[[Prince of Orange]]<br />Sg Courthézon<br />[[Image:Blason Baux-Orange.svg|20px]]|RAY2='''Raymond II'''<br />died 1256/7<br />co-[[Prince of Orange]]<br />sg Courthézon<br />et Suze, Séguret<br />Sérignan, Camaret<br />[[Image:Blason Baux-Orange.svg|20px]]|ELE='''Eléonore<br />de Genève'''<br />[[Image:Armoiries Comtes Genève.svg|20px]]}}
{{tree chart| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| }}
{{tree chart| | | RAY | | HUG | | BAR | | AGO | | JAM | | WL2 | | | | RAY4| | | | | | | | BER3| | RAY3|RAY='''Raymond I'''<br />1268-1321<br />[[Lords of Baux|Lord of Baux]]<br />Vcte of Marseille<br />[[Avellino|Count d'Avellino]] (Naples)<br />Sénéchal de Provence 1315<br />Régent de Naples<br />in 1295<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|HUG='''Hugh'''<br />assassinated<br />Milan 1302<br />Sg de Loriol<br />Sénéchal of Piémont<br />Vicaire Général Lombardy<br />no descendants<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|BAR='''Barral II'''<br />1301-1331<br />Sg de Loreto<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|AGO='''Agoult'''<br />d.1346/7<br />Sg. de Caromb, Brantes<br />Le Barroux, St Léger<br />Sénéchal Beaucaire<br />and Nimes 1340<br />Toulouse/Albi 1342<br />Cap. gén. en Languedoc<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|JAM=[[James of Baux|James]]<br>Prince of Taranta & Achaia<br>titular Latin emperor of Constantinople|WL2=William II<br>Duke of Andria|RAY4='''Raymond IV'''<br />died 1340<br />5th [[Prince of Orange]]<br />[[Image:Blason Baux-Orange.svg|20px]]|BER3='''[[Bertrand of Les Baux|Bertrand III]]'''<ref name=two group=lower-alpha/><br />died 1305<br />co-[[Prince of Orange]]<br />Sg Courthézon<br />[[Image:Blason Baux-Orange.svg|20px]]|RAY3='''Raymond III'''<ref name=three group=lower-alpha/><br />d.ca.1339<br />co-[[Prince of Orange]]<br />2nd sg de Suze, & Bari<br />[[Image:Blason Baux-Orange.svg|20px]]}}
{{tree chart| | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| }}
{{tree chart| | | HUG2| | BER | | DRAG| | RAY | | AMI | | FR2 | | RAY5|y| JNE | | BER2| | GUIG| | GUIL|HUG2='''Hugh II'''<br />1311-1351<br />[[Lords of Baux|Lord of Baux]]<br />Vcte of Marseille<br />[[Avellino|Count d'Avellino]] (Naples)<br />Sénéchal de Provence 1343<br />Grand Admiral of Naples<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|BER='''Bertrand'''<br />d. 1355<br />Seig of Caromb<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|DRAG='''Dragobert'''<br />1327/8-1340<br />sg de Villefranche<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|RAY='''Raymond'''<br />1328-1381<br />Sg of Caromb<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|AMI='''Amiel'''<br />d. 1375<br />Sg of Caromb<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|FR2=[[Francesco II del Balzo|Francis II]]<br>Duke of Andria|RAY5='''Raymond V'''<br />died 1393<br />6th [[Prince of Orange]]<br />[[Image:Blason Baux-Orange.svg|20px]]|BER2='''Bertrand'''<br />d.1380<br />Sg. of Gigondas<br />Suze, Condorcet<br />[[Image:Blason Baux-Orange.svg|20px]]|GUIG='''Guiges'''<br />d.1390<br />[[Image:Blason Baux-Orange.svg|20px]]|GUIL='''Guillaume'''<br />d.1390<br />Sg of Camaret<br />Travaillan, Condorcet<br />[[Image:Blason Baux-Orange.svg|20px]]|JNE='''Jeanne<br />de Genève'''<ref>{{harvnb|Grew|1947|page=16}}.</ref><br />[[Image:Armoiries Comtes Genève.svg|20px]]}}
{{tree chart| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{tree chart| | | ANT | | ROB | | RAY | | FRAN| | | | | | PYR | | | | MRE |y| CHA | | | | | | | | GUIL|ANT='''Antoine'''<br />d. 1374<br />Sg of Aubagne<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|ROB='''Robert'''<br />d.1354<br />[[Lords of Baux|Lord of Baux]]<br />Vcte of Marseille<br />[[Avellino|Count d'Avellino]]<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|RAY='''Raymond II'''<br />1331-1372<br />[[Lords of Baux|Lord of Baux]]<br />Vcte of Marseille<br />[[Avellino|Count d'Avellino]]<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|FRAN='''Francis'''<br />d. 1390<br />Sg of Aubagne<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|MRE='''[[Mary of Baux-Orange|Mary]]'''<br />died 1417<br />7th [[Prince of Orange|Princess of Orange]]<br />[[Image:Blason Baux-Orange.svg|20px]]|GUIL='''William''' <br />d. 1427<br />Sg. of St-Roman<br />de Malegarde<br />[[Image:Blason Baux-Orange.svg|20px]]|PYR=[[Pirro del Balzo|Pirro]]<br>Duke of Andria,<br>Prince of Altamura|CHA=[[John III of Chalon-Arlay|'''John III<br />of Chalon''']]<br />lord of Arlay<br />died 1418<br />[[Image:Blason gueules-bande or.svg|20px]]}}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| }}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | JEAN| | ALX | | | | | | FRE |~| ISA | | | | | | CLN |JEAN='''John'''<br />1372-1375<br />posthumous child|ALX='''Alix'''<br /><ref name=four group=lower-alpha/><ref name=paulet/> 1367-1426<br />[[Lords of Baux|last sovereign<br />of the indep.<br />state of Baux]]<br />[[Avellino|Countess d'Avellino]]<br />[[Image:Blason Baux de Provence.svg|20px]]|FRE=[[Frederick of Naples|Frederick]]<br>king of Naples|ISA=[[Isabella del Balzo]]|CLN='''[[House of Chalon-Arlay|Chalon]] & [[House of Orange-Nassau|Nassau]]<br />[[Prince of Orange|Princes of Orange]]'''<br />[[Image:Blason famille fr Chalon Orange.svg|20px]]}}
{{tree chart/end}}

== See also ==
* [[Les Baux de Provence]]
* [[Les Baux de Provence AOC]]
* [[Baussenque Wars]] (1144–1162)

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha|refs=
<ref name=one>Line of the dukes d'Andria and Nardo, counts of Squillace, princes of Tarento (in Naples) and Achaïa (Greece). Elder branch ended in 1530 in the male line. A younger branch survives in Naples as the "del Balzo" in multiple branches, as dukes of Capriglianode, another as counts del Balzo (died out 1932) and another as the dukes of Presenzano.{{cite web | last = del Balzo di Presenzano| first = Gioacchino|title = GENEALOGY Maison del Balzo/des Baux, with bibliography cited there|url=http://www.delbalzo.net/genealogia2.htm| date = |access-date = 2012-08-28}}</ref>

<ref name=two>Sg Courthézon, gave his rights to the principality to Raymond IV for this lordship.  One male line died out c.1372, the other two lead to the counts d'Alessano, and counts d'Alessano, including the Orsini des Baux, died out by 1550.{{cite web | last = del Balzo di Presenzano| first = Gioacchino|title = GENEALOGY Maison del Balzo/des Baux, with bibliography cited there|url=http://www.delbalzo.net/genealogia2.htm| date = |access-date = 2012-08-28}}</ref>

<ref name=three>Gave his rights to his brother.  Male line died out c. 1409.
{{cite web | last = del Balzo di Presenzano| first = Gioacchino|title = GENEALOGY Maison del Balzo/des Baux|url=http://www.delbalzo.net/genealogia2.htm| date = |access-date = 2012-08-28}}
{{cite web | last = del Balzo di Presenzano| first = Gioacchino|title = GENEALOGY Maison del Balzo/des Baux, with bibliography cited there|url=http://www.delbalzo.net/genealogia2.htm| date = |access-date = 2012-08-28}}</ref>

<ref name=four>She was married to Odon de Villars and [[Conrad IV de Furstemberg]].  Her uncle, on her mother's side, [[Raymond de Turenne]] used the fortress of Baux to wage war on the counts of Provence.  On her death, the lordship of Baux was seized by [[René of Anjou|King Rene, the count of Provence]] and given to his wife, [[Jeanne of Laval]], thus ending its independence.[[:fr:Alix des Baux]]</ref>
}}
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Bibliography==
*{{Cite book  |last=Grew  |first=Marion Ethel  |title=The House of Orange  |publisher=Methuen & Co. Ltd  |year=1947  |location=London}}

===Sources for the Vicomtes de Marseille===
*Édouard Baratier, Ernest Hildesheimer et Georges Duby, ''Atlas historique...''
*and the table of Henry de Gérin-Ricard, ''Actes concernant les vicomtes de Marseille et leurs descendants...''

===Sources: [[#Ancestors of the Lords of Baux|Ancestors of the Lords of Baux section]]===
====Genealogy works====
*Georges de Manteyer, ''[https://archive.org/details/laprovenceduprem00mantuoft La Provence du premier au douzième siècle, études d'histoire et de géographie...]'' (1908),
*Juigné de Lassigny, ''Généalogie des vicomtes de Marseille...'',
*Fernand Cortez, ''Les grands officiers royaux de Provence au moyen-âge listes chronologiques...'',
*Papon, de Louis Moréri, du marquis de Forbin, ''Monographie de la terre et du château de Saint-Marcel, près Marseille: du Xe au XIXe siècle... ("Monograph of the land and the castle of Saint-Marcel, near Marseille, from the tenth to the nineteenth century ..."), Marseille, 1888
*J. Berge, ''Origines rectifiées des maisons féodales Comtes de Provence, Princes d'Orange ...'', France-Riviera, 1952
*Poly, Jean-Pierre, ''La Provence et la société féodale (879–1166)'', Paris: Bordas, 1976,
*Jacques Saillot, ''Le Sang de Charlemagne''...

===Sources: [[#Simplified Family Tree of the Lords of Baux|Simplified family tree section]]===
*{{harvnb|Grew|1947}}
*{{Cite book  |last=Rowen |first =Herbert H. |title= The princes of Orange: the stadholders in the Dutch Republic|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1988}}
*{{Cite book  |last=de Pontbriant  |first=A.  |title=Histoire de la principaute d'Orange: suivre de lettres inedites des princes d'Orange, des rois de France, du Cte de Grignan, etc. |publisher=Seguin freres|year=1891  |location=Avignon}}
*{{Cite book  |last=Schwennicke |first=Detlev |title= Europäiche Stammtafeln, Stammtafeln der Europäichen Staaten, Neue Folge, Volume III, Part 4, Das feudale Frankreich und sein Einfluß auf die Welt des Mittelalters |publisher= Verlag J.A. Stargardt |year= 1989 |location= Marburg |pages= 745, 748, 751, & 752}}

====Genealogy works====
* Gioacchino del Balzo di Presenzano, ''http://www.delbalzo.net/genealogia2.htm GENEALOGY Maison del Balzo/des Baux extensive bibliography''
*G.Noblemaire, ''Histoire de la Maison des Baux'', Parigi: 1912 and 1975
*J.Dunbabin, ''Charles I  of Anjou'', London/New York: 1998
*E.Leonard,''Les Angevins de Naples'', Paris: 1954
*Almanach of Gotha, 1888-1943
*{{lang|fr|F. Mazel,La Noblesse et l’Eglise en ProvenceFin X – debut XIV siecle, L’Exemple des familles d’Agoult-Simiane, des Baux et de Marseilles, CTHS – Paris: 2002}}
*H.Aliquot et R.Merceron,''Armorial d’Avignon et Du Comtat Venaissin'', Avignon:1987
*Cambridge Medieval History, Volumes I – IX, Cambridge: 1911
*Cambridge Medieval History, Vol  II, III, IV, Revised Edition 1996 -2003
*Cambridge Modern History, Volumes I-XII, Cambridge: 1962-63

== External links ==
* [http://www.delbalzo.net/genealogia2.htm GENEALOGY Maison del Balzo/des Baux by Gioacchino del Balzo with extensive bibliography]
* [http://jean.gallian.free.fr/comm2/fam_fich/b/baux.htm Grand Armorial du Comtat Venaissin by Jean Gallian ]
* [http://les-baux-de-provence.leprincenoir.fr/ History of Les Baux en Provence]

[[Category:House of Baux| ]]
[[Category:Bouches-du-Rhône]]
[[Category:Occitan nobility|Baux]]

[[ca:Senyoria dels Baus]]
[[de:Les Baux (Adelsgeschlecht)]]
[[fr:Liste des seigneurs des Baux]]