View source for House of Aviz

{{short description|Portuguese dynasty}}
{{Infobox Family
| surname = House of Aviz<br />''Casa de Avis''
| coat_of_arms = Stemma della famiglia Aviz.svg
| coat_of_arms_size = 150px
| coat_of_arms_caption = Arms of the House of Aviz
| country = {{flag|Kingdom of Portugal}}
| parent house = [[Portuguese House of Burgundy]]
| titles = * [[List of Portuguese monarchs|King of Portugal]]
* [[King of Aragon]] <small>(''Claimed'')</small>
* [[Kingdom of the Algarve|King of the Algarve]]
* [[Prince of Antioch#Titular rulers of Antioch 1268–1457|Prince of Antioch]] <small>(''Titular'')</small>
* [[Duke of Viseu]]
* [[Duke of Beja]]
* [[Duke of Coimbra]]
* [[Duke of Guarda]]
* [[Duke of Guimarães]]
* [[Ceuta|Lord of Ceuta]]
* [[Ksar es-Seghir|Lord of Alcácer]]
* [[Portuguese Guinea|Lord of Guinea]]
| founder = [[John I of Portugal|John I]]
| final ruler = [[Henry, King of Portugal|Henry I]] ''or'' [[António, Prior of Crato|António I]] ''(disputed)''
| founding year = 1385
| dissolution = 1580 ''or''  1583 ''(disputed)''
| cadet branches = * House of Coimbra
** [[House of Lancaster#Aviz-Lancaster|House of Lancaster]]
* [[House of Braganza]]
** [[Brazilian imperial family|House of Brazil]]
*** [[Saxe-Coburg and Braganza branch|House of Brazil-Saxe-Coburg-Gotha]]
*** [[House of Orleans-Braganza|House of Orleans-Brazil]]
* [[Dukes of Cadaval|House of Cadaval]]
* [[Marquess of Lavradio|House of Lavradio]]
* [[House of Abrantes]]
}}

The '''House of Aviz''' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Casa de Avis'' {{IPA|pt|ɐˈviʃ|}}), also known as the '''Joanine Dynasty''' (''Dinastia Joanina''), was a dynasty of [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] origin which flourished during the [[Portuguese Renaissance|Renaissance]] and the period of the [[Portuguese discoveries]], when [[History of Portugal (1415–1578)|Portugal expanded its power globally]].

The house was founded by King [[John I of Portugal]], Grand-Master of the [[Order of Aviz]] and illegitimate son of King [[Peter I of Portugal|Pedro I]] (of the [[Portuguese House of Burgundy]]), who ascended to the throne after successfully pressing his claim during the [[1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum]].<ref name="Marques1972">{{cite book|author=António Henrique R. de Oliveira Marques|title=History of Portugal: From Lusitania to Empire ; vol. 2, From Empire to Corporate State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OlKTVOp3VYwC|access-date=24 June 2013|year=1972|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-03159-2|pages=127–128}}</ref> Aviz monarchs would rule Portugal through the [[Age of Discovery]], establishing Portugal as a [[global power]] following the creation of the [[Portuguese Empire]]. In 1494, [[Pope Alexander VI]] divided the world under the dominion of Portugal and Spain with the [[Treaty of Tordesillas]].

The House of Aviz has produced numerous prominent figures in both European and global history, including [[Prince Henry the Navigator]], King [[Manuel I of Portugal]], and Holy Roman Empress [[Isabella of Portugal]]. Numerous Aviz dynasts have also claimed thrones or titles across Europe, including [[John of Coimbra, Prince of Antioch|John, Prince of Antioch]]. The Aviz ruled Portugal from 1385 until 1580, when the [[Philippine Dynasty]] succeeded to the throne following the [[Portuguese succession crisis of 1580]].

== History ==
[[File:Anoniem - Koning Johan I van Portugal (1450-1500) - Lissabon Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga 19-10-2010 16-12-61.jpg|thumb|upright|left|King [[John I of Portugal]], founder of the House of Aviz.]]

===Origins===
The founder of the House of Aviz, King [[John I of Portugal]], was born in 1357 as the illegitimate child of King [[Pedro I of Portugal]], a member of the [[Portuguese House of Burgundy]], and [[Teresa Lourenço]], daughter of a Lisbon merchant. In 1364, at 7 years old, John was made Grand Master of the [[Order of Aviz]], henceforth becoming known as John of Aviz.

===Rise to the throne===
{{main|1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum}}
The House of Aviz was established as a result of the dynastic crisis following the 1383 death of Ferdinand I.<ref name="AllmandMcKitterick1998">{{cite book|author1=Christopher Allmand|author2=Rosamond McKitterick|title=The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 7, C.1415-c.1500|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qzc8OeuSXFMC|access-date=24 June 2013|date=18 June 1998|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-38296-0|page=629}}</ref> Ferdinand's widow [[Leonor Telles de Meneses|Leonor Telles]] was disliked by both the nobility and the commoners for having left her first husband and for having had their marriage annulled in order to marry King Ferdinand. Ferdinand's designated heir was their only surviving child [[Beatrice of Portugal|Beatrice]], married to [[John I of Castile]] who claimed the throne in the name of his wife,<ref name="Jackson-Laufer1999" /> but under the [[Treaty of Salvaterra]] that had been the basis for John's marriage to Beatrice, the unpopular Leonor was left as Regent until such time as the son of Beatrice and John would be 14 years old.

In April 1385, amidst popular revolt and civil war, the Cortes of Coimbra declared John, Master of Aviz, as king John I of Portugal. He was half-brother of Ferdinand and natural son of Ferdinand's father and predecessor Pedro I. He had the particular backing of the rising bourgeoisie of [[Lisbon]]; the nobility were split, with the majority favoring the legitimist Beatrice. Troops under General [[Nuno Álvares Pereira]] defeated a small Castilian army at Atoleiros, while John of Castile had to lift a siege to Lisboa, mainly due to a plague that hit his army and killed his wife Beatrice. This was followed, however, by a larger invasion of Castilian and Portuguese troops loyal to John of Castile.
[[File:Batalha_de_Aljubarrota_02.jpg|thumb|right|The House of Aviz became Portugal's reigning dynasty following the [[Battle of Aljubarrota]] in 1385.]]
John of Aviz's rule became established fact with the Portuguese victory in the [[Battle of Aljubarrota]]<ref name="RogersDeVries2010">{{cite book|author1=Clifford J. Rogers|author2=Kelly DeVries|author3=Jobyhn France|title=Journal of Medieval Military History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j8lLD2Pd3pIC|access-date=24 June 2013|date=1 November 2010|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|isbn=978-1-84383-596-7|page=153}}</ref> on 14 August 1385, where he defeated John I of Castile.<ref name="Jackson-Laufer1999">{{cite book|author=Guida Myrl Jackson-Laufer|title=Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9791576070917|url-access=registration|access-date=24 June 2013|year=1999|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-091-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9791576070917/page/52 52]}}</ref> A formal peace between Portugal and Castile would not be signed until 1411.

To mark his victory, John founded the Monastery of Santa Maria da Vitória, known as the "[[Batalha Monastery]]" ("Battle Monastery"), whose chapel became the burial place of the princes of the new dynasty of Aviz. The descendants of King John I were still also Masters of Aviz, though at times that title passed to one descendant of John and the Crown of Portugal to another. The title of Grand Master of the Order of Aviz was permanently incorporated into the Portuguese Crown toward the end of rule by the House of Aviz, in 1551.<ref name="Marques1984">{{cite book|author=António Henrique R. de Oliveira Marques|title=História de Portugal, desde os tempos mais antigos até à presidência do Sr. General Eanes: Do Renascimento às revoluções liberais|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ep0vAQAAMAAJ|access-date=25 June 2013|year=1984|publisher=Palas Editores|page=110}}</ref>

===Age of Discoveries===
{{main|Portuguese discoveries}}
[[File:Henry_the_Navigator1.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Prince [[Henry the Navigator]], famed leader of the [[Age of Discoveries]] and prince of the House of Aviz.]]
The House of Aviz would rule Portugal until its fall in the 1580 to the [[Philippine Dynasty]].<ref name="Braudel1982">{{cite book|author=Fernand Braudel|title=Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century, Vol. III: The Perspective of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xMZI2QEer9QC|access-date=24 June 2013|year=1982|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-08116-1|page=32}}</ref> after he had ordered the [[Duke of Alba]] to take Portugal by force.<ref name="Hilliam2005">{{cite book|author=David Hilliam|title=Philip II: King Of Spain and Leader of the Counter-Reformation|url=https://archive.org/details/philipii00davi|url-access=registration|access-date=24 June 2013|year=2005|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-4042-0317-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/philipii00davi/page/87 87]}}</ref>

This period of Portuguese history saw the ascent of Portugal to the status of a European and world power. The conquest of [[Ceuta]] in 1415 was its first venture in colonial expansion,<ref name="GriffinGriffin2007">{{cite book|author1=Julia Ortiz Griffin|author2=William D. Griffin|title=Spain and Portugal: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TafGfPHuagsC|access-date=24 June 2013|date=1 January 2007|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-7476-1|page=288}}</ref> followed by a great outpouring of national energy and capital investment in the exploration of [[Africa]], [[Asia]] and [[Brazil]] with the founding of colonies to exploit their resources commercially.<ref name="WheelerOpello2010">{{cite book|author1=Douglas L. Wheeler|author2=Walter C. Opello|title=Historical Dictionary of Portugal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e-3kxBySncsC|access-date=24 June 2013|date=10 May 2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7075-8|pages=8–10}}</ref> The period also includes the zenith of the [[Portuguese Empire]] during the reign of Manuel I and the beginning of its decline during [[John III of Portugal|John III]]'s reign.<ref name="Pinto1989">{{cite book|author=Fernão Mendes Pinto|title=Mendes Pinto/Catz: Travels of Mendes Pinto|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PRqGfeAwryIC|access-date=25 June 2013|date=January 1989|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-66951-9|page=xxii}}</ref>

===Fall of the Aviz===
{{see also|Iberian Union|Philippine Dynasty}}
John III was succeeded in 1557 by his grandson [[Sebastian I of Portugal]], who died, aged 24 and childless, in the [[Battle of Alcácer Quibir]].<ref name="Tucker2009">{{cite book|author=Spencer C. Tucker|title=A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC|access-date=24 June 2013|date=23 December 2009|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-672-5|page=534}}</ref> Sebastian was succeeded by his great-uncle [[Henry, King of Portugal|Henry]], aged 66, who, as a Catholic Cardinal, also had no children. The Cardinal-King Henry died two years later, and a [[Portuguese succession crisis of 1580|succession crisis]] occurred when pretenders to the throne including [[Catherine, Duchess of Braganza]], Philip II of Spain, and [[António, Prior of Crato]] claimed the right to inherit it.<ref name="Lynch1964">{{cite book|author=John Lynch|title=Spain Under the Habsburgs: Empire and absolutism, 1516-1598|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ugu9FW9S8xUC|access-date=24 June 2013|year=1964|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=307}}</ref>
[[File:El rey don Sebastián de Portugal, de Cristóbal de Morales (Museo del Prado) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|The death of King [[Sebastian I of Portugal]] at the [[Battle of Alcácer Quibir]] in 1578 led to the [[Portuguese succession crisis of 1580]].]]
António, Prior of Crato, was acclaimed king in several cities around the country in 1580, twenty days before Philip II of Spain invaded Portugal and defeated the supporters of António in the [[Battle of Alcântara (1580)|Battle of Alcântara]]. Although António had been proclaimed king, and was still regarded as rightful king in some of the Azores Islands until 1583,<ref>{{cite book|title=Archivo dos Açores|url=https://archive.org/details/archivodosaores01cantgoog|access-date=25 June 2013|year=1887|publisher=University of Michigan|page=[https://archive.org/details/archivodosaores01cantgoog/page/n494 491]}}</ref> his legitimacy as a monarch is still disputed by historians. Only a small minority of historians (even in Portugal) accept the period of twenty days between Anthony's acclamation and the Battle of Alcântara as his reign. In Portugal he generally considered not as a national king, but as a patriot who led armed resistance to the Philippine domination.

Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão, writing in 1956 and counting António as a king, dates the end of the dynasty's rule of Portugal as occurring in 1581–1582. The [[Portuguese Cortes|Cortes of Tomar]] had acclaimed Philip II of Spain as Philip I of Portugal in 1581, subsequently António's forces were utterly defeated at sea by [[Álvaro de Bazán]] at the [[Battle of Ponta Delgada]] off [[São Miguel Island]] in the Azores, on 26 July 1582. António then retreated to [[Terceira]], where he supervised the raising of levies for defense, but in November he left [[Angra do Heroísmo]] en route to [[France]]<ref name="Quinn1979">{{cite book|author=David B. Quinn|title=England and the Azores, 1581-1582: Three Letters|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8T8Zx0W6KuAC|access-date=24 June 2013|year=1979|publisher=UC Biblioteca Geral 1|page=213|id=GGKEY:X1C130EKZX6}}</ref> to persuade the French to furnish more troops,<ref name="Serrão1956" /> 800 of which arrived in June 1583.<ref name="MartinParker1999">{{cite book|author1=Colin Martin|author2=Geoffrey Parker|title=The Spanish Armada: Revised Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ysl3KVnYDUC|access-date=25 June 2013|date=January 1999|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-1-901341-14-0|page=73}}</ref> Philip had despatched Santa Cruz with an overwhelming force which left Lisbon on 23 June,<ref name="Vaz2005">{{cite book|author=João Pedro Vaz|title=Campanhas do prior do Crato, 1580-1589: entre reis e corsários pelo trono de Portugal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=710MAQAAMAAJ|access-date=25 June 2013|year=2005|publisher=Tribuna da História|isbn=978-972-8799-27-4|page=74}}</ref> and reaching sight of São Miguel some time after 7 July,<ref name="Valladares2012">{{cite book|author=Rafael Valladares|title=A Conquista de Lisboa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a3bbIWNoENQC|access-date=25 June 2013|date=28 February 2012|publisher=Leya|isbn=978-972-47-4348-6}}</ref> finally reduced the Azores to subjection.<ref name="DyerHassall1901">{{cite book|author1=Thomas Henry Dyer|author2=Arthur Hassall|title=1525-1585|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Z8wAQAAMAAJ|access-date=25 June 2013|year=1901|publisher=G. Bell and sons|page=475}}</ref>

The ''[[Portuguese Cortes|Cortes]]'' in Tomar acknowledged Philip II of Spain as King Philip I of Portugal on 16 April 1581 after this Spanish military intervention.<ref name="AseguinolazaGonzález2010">{{cite book|author1=Fernando Cabo Aseguinolaza|author2=Anxo Abuín González|author3=César Domínguez|title=A Comparative History of Literatures in the Iberian Peninsula|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9NB0cialptcC|access-date=24 June 2013|year=2010|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing|isbn=978-90-272-3457-5|page=595}}</ref> From 1581, the House of Aviz had ceased to rule any portion of continental Portugal; [[António, Prior of Crato]] held out in the [[Azores]] into 1582 as ''António I of Portugal''; the last of his allies in the islands finally surrendered in 1583.<ref name="Serrão1956">{{cite book|author=Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão|title=O reinado de D. Antonio prior do Crato|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8JQvAQAAMAAJ|access-date=24 June 2013|year=1956|publisher=Coimbra.|page=477}}</ref>

The House of Aviz was succeeded in Portugal by Philip's personal union of the Crowns of Portugal and Spain.<ref name="Sheehan2008">{{cite book|author=Kevin Joseph Sheehan|title=Iberian Asia: The Strategies of Spanish and Portuguese Empire Building, 1540--1700|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1RF6pkAem1QC|access-date=25 June 2013|year=2008|isbn=978-1-109-09710-8|pages=126–129}}</ref> In Portuguese history this is variously referred to as the Philippine Dynasty,<ref name="Rego1965">{{cite book|author=António da Silva Rego|title=Portuguese Colonization in the Sixteenth Century: A Study of the Royal Ordinances (Regimentos)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sS8MAQAAIAAJ|access-date=25 June 2013|year=1965|publisher=Witwatersrand University Press|page=3}}</ref> the House of Habsburg, or the House of Austria. Portugal and Spain would share a common monarch until 1640, upon the proclamation of the [[Duke of Braganza]] as [[John IV of Portugal]].<ref name="Boxer1973">{{cite book|author=C.R. Boxer|title=The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_RIpAQAAMAAJ|access-date=25 June 2013|date=1 July 1973|publisher=Penguin|page=112|isbn=978-0-14-021647-9 }}</ref>

==Aviz monarchs==
[[File:Huguet-RetauleCondestable-7244 (cropped) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Peter, Constable of Portugal|Peter V of Aragon]], king in opposition to [[John II of Aragon|John II]].]]
{{main|List of Portuguese monarchs}}
;Monarchs of Portugal
{| width = "50%" border = 1 border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
!width = "30" bgcolor = "#FFDEAD"|Name
!width = "20%" bgcolor = "#FFDEAD"|Reign
!width = "50%" bgcolor = "#FFDEAD"|Notes
|-
|[[John I of Portugal]]
|1385–1433
|Founder of the House of Aviz
|-
|[[Edward, King of Portugal|Duarte I of Portugal]]
|1433–1438
|Oldest member of the [[Illustrious Generation]]
|-
|[[Afonso V of Portugal]]
|1438–1481
|
|-
|[[John II of Portugal]]
|1481–1495
|
|-
|[[Manuel I of Portugal]]
|1495–1521
|Formerly [[Duke of Beja]]
|-
|[[John III of Portugal]]
|1521–1557
|
|-
|[[Sebastian I of Portugal]]
|1557–1578
|Death at [[Battle of Alcácer Quibir]] triggers [[Portuguese succession crisis of 1580]]
|-
|[[Henry, King of Portugal|Henry I of Portugal]]
|1578–1580
|Last Aviz monarch recognized by the [[Portuguese Cortes]]
|-
|''[[António, Prior of Crato|António I of Portugal]]''
|1580
|Disputed reign in opposition to King [[Philip II of Spain|Philip I of Portugal]] in the [[War of the Portuguese Succession]]
|-
|}

;Monarchs of Aragon
{| width = "50%" border = 1 border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
!width = "30" bgcolor = "#FFDEAD"|Name
!width = "20%" bgcolor = "#FFDEAD"|Reign
!width = "50%" bgcolor = "#FFDEAD"|Notes
|-
|''[[Peter, Constable of Portugal|Peter V of Aragon]]''
|1463–1466
|Disputed reign in opposition to King [[John II of Aragon]] in the [[Catalan Civil War]]
|-
|}

==Symbols==
===Cross of Aviz===
[[File:Ordem Avis.svg|right|thumb|130px|upright|[[Order of Aviz|Cross of Aviz]].]]
{{see also|Order of Aviz}}
Following his success in succeeding to the throne following the [[1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum]], King [[John I of Portugal]] took the Cross of the [[Order of Aviz]] as his [[heraldic badge]], adding it to the [[coat of arms of Portugal]] and the according royal flags. King John I enforced the imagery of his position as Grand-Master of the Order of Aviz, lending its name to his newly founded royal house and its cross as his personal charge on the royal arms. This was effected in various ways: by insertion within the bordure, alternating with the castles; more commonly inserted within the shield, and occasionally shown outside the shield with the latter laying over it. The Cross of Aviz is a ''cross flory vert'' (a green cross with a [[fleur-de-lys]] at the end of each arm)

===Armillary sphere===
[[File:Flag_Manuel_I_of_Portugal.svg|thumb|130px|upright|[[List of personal standards of the Kings of Portugal|Personal standard of King Manuel I]].]]
The [[armillary sphere]] has been an important element of [[Portuguese heraldry]] since the reign of King [[Manuel I of Portugal]]. The armillary sphere became a [[Heraldic badge|royal badge]] for the Portuguese monarchy, apart from being part of the [[List of personal standards of the Kings of Portugal|personal standard of King Manuel I]]. It acts as a supporter to the [[Coat of arms of Portugal]], also present on the current [[Flag of Portugal]].

Owing to the association with King Manuel I and other Aviz monarchs with the [[Portuguese discoveries]], the armillary sphere was commonly used as a symbol representing Portuguese sovereignty across the [[Portuguese Empire]]. The symbol was a consistent motif in both [[Manueline]] and [[Neo-Manueline]] architecture. It also became particularly associated with [[Colonial Brazil]] and the subsequent [[United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves]].

An important element of Portuguese heraldry since the 15th century, the [[armillary sphere]] was many times used in Portuguese naval and colonial flags, mainly in [[Colonial Brazil|Brazil]]. It was a navigation instrument used to calculate distances and represents the importance of Portugal during the [[Age of Discovery]], as well as the vastness of its colonial empire when the [[First Portuguese Republic|First Republic]] was implemented.

===Coats of arms===
{| width = "100%" border = 1 border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
!width = "4%" bgcolor = "#FFDEAD"|Coat of arms
!width = "10%" bgcolor = "#FFDEAD"|Title
!width = "4%" bgcolor = "#FFDEAD"|Tenure
!width = "4%" bgcolor = "#FFDEAD"|Coat of arms
!width = "10%" bgcolor = "#FFDEAD"|Title
!width = "4%" bgcolor = "#FFDEAD"|Tenure
!width = "4%" bgcolor = "#FFDEAD"|Coat of arms
!width = "10%" bgcolor = "#FFDEAD"|Title
!width = "4%" bgcolor = "#FFDEAD"|Tenure
|-
|[[File:Brasao de Aviz2.png|center|70px]]
|{{center|[[List of Portuguese monarchs|King of Portugal]]}}
|{{center|1385–1580}}
|[[File:Coat of arms of the Kingdom of the Algarve.svg|center|65px]]
|{{center|[[Kingdom of the Algarve|King of the Algarves]]}}
|{{center|1385–1580}}
|[[File:Royal arms of Aragon (Crowned).svg|center|60px]]
|{{center|[[King of Aragon]] <br> *<small>''[[Catalan Civil War|in opposition]] to [[John II of Aragon|King John II of Aragon]]''</small>}}
|{{center|1463–1466}}
|-
|[[File:Coat of Arms of John of Portugal, Prince of Antioch (Order of the Golden Fleece).svg|center|65px]]
|{{center|[[Prince of Antioch]] <br> *<small>''[[jure uxoris]] through [[Charlotte, Queen of Cyprus|Queen Charlotte of Cyprus]]''</small> }}
|{{center|1456-1457 }}
|[[File:Armas infante dom henrique.png|center|60px]]
|{{center|[[Duke of Viseu]]}}
|{{center|1394-1577}}
|[[File:Armas duques beja.png|center|60px]]
|{{center|[[Duke of Beja]]}}
|{{center|1433-1555}}
|-
|}

==Notable members of the House of Aviz==
[[File:La_emperatriz_Isabel_de_Portugal,_por_Tiziano.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Isabella of Portugal|Isabel]], [[Holy Roman Empress]] and [[Queen of Spain]].]]
[[File:SOAOTO - Folio 066V (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[John of Coimbra, Prince of Antioch|John, Prince of Antioch]].]]
* [[Peter, Duke of Coimbra]], regent of Portugal for nine years.
* [[Prince Henry the Navigator|Henry the Navigator]], Duke of Viseu.
* [[Isabella of Portugal, Duchess of Burgundy|Isabella, Duchess of Burgundy]], twice regent of the Burgundian [[Low Countries]]; wife of [[Philip the Good]], Duke of Burgundy, mother of [[Charles the Bold]].
* [[John, Constable of Portugal]].
* [[Ferdinand the Holy Prince]].
* [[Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu]], also first Duke of Beja.
* [[Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress]], wife of [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor]], mother of [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]].
* [[Joanna, Princess of Portugal]], daughter of Afonso V. Regent of Portugal and Roman Catholic saint.
* [[Peter, Constable of Portugal]], son of Peter, Duke of Coimbra. King of Aragon, count of Barcelona.
* [[James of Portugal]], son of Peter, Duke of Coimbra. Cardinal and Archbishop of Lisbon.
* [[Beatrice of Coimbra]] married [[Adolph of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein]].
* [[Isabel of Coimbra]], daughter of Peter, Duke of Coimbra, first wife of Afonso V, mother of John II.
* [[Philippa of Coimbra]], unmarried, served as a mother to John II after the death of her sister, Isabella of Coimbra. Lived in the monastery of [[Odivelas]].
* [[John of Coimbra, Prince of Antioch|John, Prince of Antioch]], son of Peter, Duke of Coimbra.
* [[Eleanor of Viseu]], daughter of Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu and wife of John II of Portugal.
* [[Isabella of Portugal]], empress of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], queen of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]], [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]], [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]], and [[Kingdom of Naples|Naples]], wife of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] (Charles I of Spain), mother of [[Philip II of Spain]].
* [[Beatrice of Portugal, Duchess of Savoy|Beatrice, Duchess of Savoy]], daughter of Manuel I, who brought the name "Manuel" (Italian: ''"Emanuele"'') into the [[House of Savoy]].
* [[Luís of Portugal, Duke of Beja|Louis, Duke of Beja]], son of Manuel I, lover and possibly later husband of the wealthy [[New Christian]] Violante Gomes; their son António, Prior of Crato was the disputed last Aviz king of Portugal.
* [[Duarte of Portugal, 4th Duke of Guimarães|Edward, Duke of Guimarães]], constable of the kingdom.
* [[Infanta Maria of Guimarães|Maria of Guimarães]], daughter of Edward, Duke of Guimarães, wife of [[Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma]] (and hence Duchess of Parma), who brought the previously exotic Portuguese cuisine to the rest of Europe.
* [[Catarina, Duchess of Braganza|Catherine, Duchess of Braganza]], daughter of Edward, Duke of Guimarães, niece of King Henry, grandmother of [[John IV of Portugal]].
* [[Infante Duarte, 5th Duke of Guimarães|Edward, Duke of Guimarães]], son of Edward, Duke of Guimarães, constable of the kingdom.

==Family tree of the House of Aviz==
{{Excerpt|Family tree of Portuguese monarchs|Second Dynasty: Houses of Aviz}}

==See also==
* [[Kings of Portugal family tree#Second Dynasty: Houses of Aviz|House of Aviz kings of Portugal family tree]]
* [[Illustrious Generation]]
* [[Portugal in the period of discoveries]]
* [[Timeline of Portuguese history]]
* [[Descendants of Manuel I of Portugal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|House of Aviz|||||[[Portuguese House of Burgundy]]|name=*[[Royal House]]*}}
|-
{{S-bef|before=[[Portuguese House of Burgundy]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Dynasty|Ruling House]] of the [[Kingdom of Portugal]]|years=1385–1580}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Philippine Dynasty|House of Habsburg]]}}
{{S-pre}}
{{S-bef|before=Itself<br><small>as the reigning house</small>}}
{{s-tul|title=[[Pretender|Claimant House]] of the <br> [[List of Portuguese monarchs|Portuguese monarchy]]|years=1580–1638|reason=[[War of the Portuguese Succession]]}}
{{s-non|reason=Claim extinct}}
{{S-end}}

{{House of Aviz}}

{{Portuguese Monarchy Topics}}
{{Royal houses of Portugal}}

[[Category:House of Aviz| ]]