View source for Horror films of Mexico

{{Short description|Horror cinema in Mexico}}
{{essay-like|date=September 2017}}
{{Mexican film list}}{{Horrorfilmlist}}
'''Mexican horror films'''  form part of [[Cinema of Mexico|cinematic arts and culture of Mexico]].

The rise of [[Horror film|horror films]] in [[Mexico]] in the 1930s started with films like ''El fantasma del convento'' and ''[[Dos monjes]]'' from the writer-director [[Juan Bustillo Oro]]. Until about the 1950s moviehouses mainly showed melodramas and westerns, which caused difficulty for Bustillo Oro; his films may have been popular, but they were not necessarily welcome on the big screen. As a result, owing to their outlandish costumes and makeup and their violent nature, his movies were associated with wrestling shows. ''[[Lucha libre]]'', the term for professional wrestling in Mexico, became an important part of horror film in Mexico. Writers and producers introduced the spooky aspects of horror films, like vampires, werewolves, and mummies, into the ''lucha libre'' films.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hutchings |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uak7DwAAQBAJ&dq=beginning+of+horror+film+in+Mexico&pg=PR21 |title=Historical Dictionary of Horror Cinema |date=2017-11-22 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-0244-2 |language=en}}</ref>

U.S. producer [[K. Gordon Murray]] introduced Mexican horror films to an international audience. Murray acquired nearly seventy Mexican films, with many different genres among the mix and about thirty horror films, and distributed them in the United States.{{When|date=March 2025}}

==History==
Horror cinema had  a rather late start in Mexico:<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cotter |first=Robert Michael “Bobb” |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C7rwCQAAQBAJ&dq=beginning+of+horror+film+in+Mexico&pg=PA20 |title=The Mexican Masked Wrestler and Monster Filmography |date=2015-06-14 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-0419-0 |language=en}}</ref> in the 1930s, with the release of ''[[El fantasma del convento]]'' (1934), ''[[Dos monjes]]'' (1934), and ''[[El Misterio del rostro pálido]]'' (1935), three films from the writer-director [[Juan Bustillo Oro]]. Oro is considered by many to be the true Father of the Mexican horror film. He directed more than sixty films over five decades, including ''[[El Hombre sin rostro]]'' (1950), a film of significant importance in Mexican cinema of the 1950s. Still, as potent and popular as Bustillo Oro's efforts were, Mexican movie houses were overwhelmingly dominated by melodramas and westerns up until the 1950s. On television, [[lucha libre]]-professional wrestling-captivated the country. The sport lent itself well to big-screen adaptations with its costumed heroes and villains, larger-than-life personalities, and impossible feats of strength played straight. Monsters and supernatural storylines complemented these mass-produced wrestling movies perfectly.

Numerous [[lucha libre films]] incorporated familiar spookery such as vampires, robots, werewolves, and (especially) mummies. In 1953, however, Mexico mounted its first-ever serious treatment of the Frankenstein myth, ''[[El Monstruo resucitado]]''. Directed by [[Chano Urueta]], ''El Monstruo resucitado'' presents Spanish actor [[José María Linares-Rivas]] as a deranged [[plastic surgeon]] who keeps an ape-monster in his basement and successfully reanimates a corpse, albeit as a mindless zombie. ''El Monstruo resucitado'' was a success in Mexico. Suddenly, the Western was taking second place on screen to the Horror genre films.

Another success ''[[La bruja]]'' (1954) cast gorgeous [[Lilia del Valle]] as a repulsive-looking wretch made beautiful by a scientist who then uses her newfound allure for her own evil ends.

''[[Ladrón de cadáveres]]'' (1956), another popular success, is a wrestling film in which a masked combatant receives a brain transplant from a gorilla. It is also noteworthy for being directed by [[Fernando Méndez]], who, the following year, redefined the possibilities of Mexican horror films with his landmark masterwork ''[[El vampiro]]'' (1957). ''El vampiro'' is widely considered to be a triumph in the Mexican Horror genre. Often called beautifully directed and photographed, ''El vampiro'' featured film actor, movie writer and producer, ''Abel Salazar'' in the lead role. Salazar would become one of the key figures of the Mexican horror film wave and shortly after starring in and producing ''El vampiro'' he formed ABSA Studios in Mexico. He would go on to co-produce eight more successful horror films between 1957 and 1963.

A sensation worldwide, Méndez followed ''El vampiro'' with ''[[El Ataúd del Vampiro]]'' (1957) and ''[[Misterios de ultratumba]]'' (1958) (aka ''The Black Pit of Dr. M''), a genuinely horrifying excursion into the unhinged mind of the titular character, who runs an insane asylum by day and ventures into occult recklessness come nightfall.

The brain-eating reincarnation romp ''[[El Barón del terror]]'' (1961) is seen by its cult fans as one of the most ludicrous movies ever made anywhere. It caught on in the United States under the title ''[[The Brainiac]]'', where it remains a much-loved cult object nearly half a century after its release.

In 1961, ''[[Witch's Mirror]]'' came courtesy of director [[Chano Urueta]]. ''Mirror'' recounts the story of a sorceress who enchants a looking glass to protect her adopted daughter from domestic violence. When her magic fails, the witch embarks on a journey of vengeance. 

The real life Mexican folk legend of "[[La Llorona]]" (''The Crying Woman'') supplied the basis for multiple Mexican-made movies, none more polished and effective than ''[[La maldición de la llorona|The Curse of the Crying Woman]]'' (1961), a Gothic-styled movie with notable make-up effects.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://collider.com/best-mexican-horror-movies/|title= The Best Mexican Horror Movies|last= Hollman|first= Raquel|date= 7 November 2023|website= Collider.com|publisher= Collider|access-date= 2 July 2023}}</ref>

However successful the aforementioned projects may have been in their native country, it took [[K. Gordon Murray]] to make them into international sensations. Murray acquired and distributed an estimated sixty-six motion pictures in the United States, including fairy-tale fantasies, adult films, and approximately thirty horror imports, almost all of which came from Mexico. Murray's love of exploitation films and sensational subjects proved a perfect formula for selling his Mexican horror acquisitions. Aside from films like ''The Brainiac'' and other legitimate classics such as ''El vampiro'' and ''Witch's Mirror'', Murray's theatrical showings included ''Muñecos infernales'' / ''[[The Curse of the Doll People]]'' (1960); ''[[The Robot vs. The Aztec Mummy]]'' (1957) plus its sequel ''[[Wrestling Women vs. the Aztec Mummy]]'' (1964). He also churned out two of the most popular wrestling imports, ''[[Samson vs. the Vampire Women]]'' / ''Santo contra las mujeres vampiro'', (1962) and ''[[Samson in the Wax Museum]]'' / ''Santo en el museo de cera''(1963), a perfect pair of showcases for [[El Santo|Santo]], one of Mexico's most beloved masked wrestlers. Working out of Coral Gables, Florida, Murray oversaw the rewriting and overdubbing of all his imports at a tiny studio called Soundlab Inc., which was, in fact, one of the first facilities in the U.S. to focus effectively on reworking foreign films for English-speaking audiences.

Meanwhile, back in Mexico, director [[René Cardona]] had covered nearly every genre imaginable as a writer, director, and actor. In 1969 he tore into horror anew with ''[[Night of the Bloody Apes (film)|Night of the Bloody Apes]]'' (also known as ''La Horripilante bestia humana''). The Americanized dubbed version of Cardona's cult film boasts genuine footage of open-heart surgery, occasionally hilarious betrayals of the movie's minuscule budget (including fake grass that moves when stepped on), and some genuinely harrowing violence.

Throughout the 1970s, American horror films evolved in new directions and shattered virtually every conceivable taboo on screen. This was a relatively dormant period for Mexican scare fare.

The young [[Guillermo del Toro]] spent those years awash in horror cinema from all over the globe. After helming two lauded shorts, ''[[Doña Lupe]]'' (1985) and ''[[Geometria (film)|Geometria]]'' (1987), along with multiple episodes of the horror TV series ''[[La Hora Marcada]]'', del Toro rose to prominence with his international arthouse sensation ''[[Cronos (film)|Cronos]]'' (1993), a tale of a cursed antique device and its demonic promise of eternal life.

Since then, the Guadalajara-born del Toro has interspersed the Hollywood blockbusters ''[[Mimic (film)|Mimic]]'' (1997), ''[[Blade II]]'' (2002), and ''[[Hellboy (2004 film)|Hellboy]]'' (2004) with the Spanish-language ''[[The Devil's Backbone]]'' (2001) and ''[[Pan's Labyrinth]]'' (2006). In 2022, del Toro further extended his works as a horror writer and show creator for television, with the release of ''[[Guillermo del Toro's Cabinet of Curiosities|Cabinet of Curiosities]]'' appearing on Netflix.

Along with Texas native [[Robert Rodriguez]], whose ''[[From Dusk till Dawn]]'' (1996) ignited a new fascination with [[Aztec]] mythology and blood rituals, Guillermo del Toro is serving to keep Mexican horror cinema alive.

Domestically there was a new Horror renaissance in the mids 00's, when five establish indie-Horror filmmakers (and horror scene activists) Lex Ortega, Isaac Ezban, Aaron Soto, Jorge Michelle Grau and Ulisses Guzman created an anthology with a budget out of their own pockets, giving a spot to up and coming Mexican filmmakers like Laurette Flores and Canadian/Mexican Gigi Saul Guerrero, with ''[[México Bárbaro]]'', the first self financed high profile Mexican film in years. The film became a surprise hit around the world, were it was sold to twelve countries during the Le Marché du Film at [[Festival de Cannes]] 2015, including [[MPI Media Group|MPI/Dark Sky Films]].<ref name="Market Update">{{cite news|last1=Hopewell|first1=John|last2=Setoodeh|first2=Ramin|title=Cannes: U.S., China Drive Cannes – Market Update|url=https://variety.com/2015/film/festivals/cannes-u-s-china-drive-cannes-market-update-1201506345/|accessdate=1 January 2017|publisher=Variety}}</ref> and Netflix. The film is part of the new [[:es:Cine de terror mexicano#Los 90's y el Nuevo cine mexicano|Cine de Terror Mexicano]] movement, and opened the doors for a new way of production and distribution in Mexican Cinema.

== List of Mexican horror films ==
* ''[[La Llorona (1933 film)|La Llorona]] / The Weeping Woman'' (1933) [[Ramón Peón]]
* ''Dos monjes / [[Two Monks]]'' (1934) [[Juan Bustillo Oro]]
* ''[[El fantasma del convento]] / The Ghost of the Convent / The Phantom of the Monastery'' (1934) Fernando de Fuentes
* ''El misterio del rostro pálido /  Mystery of the Pale Face'' (1935) Juan Bustillo Oro
* ''El hombre sin rostro / The Man Without a Face (1950) Juan Bustillo Oro''
* ''[[El Monstruo resucitado]] / The Revived Monster'' (1953) [[Chano Urueta]]
* ''La bruja / The Witch'' (1954) Chano Urueta
* ''Ladron de cadaveres / The Body Snatcher'' (1956) Fernando Mendez
* ''[[El Vampiro]] / The Vampire'' (1957) Fernando Méndez
* ''El ataúd del vampiro / The Vampire's Coffin'' (1957) Fernando Méndez
* ''Misterios de ultratumba / The Black Pit of Dr. M'' (1958) Fernando Méndez
* ''Muñecos infernales / Curse of the Doll People'' (1960) Benito Alazraki
* ''[[El mundo de los vampiros]] / World of the Vampires'' (1961) Alfonso Corona Blake
* ''El barón del terror / [[The Brainiac]]'' (1961) Chano Urueta
* ''El espejo de la bruja / The Witch's Mirror'' (1961) Chano Urueta
* ''[[La maldición de la llorona]] / Curse of the Crying Woman'' (1961) [[Rafael Baledón]]
* ''La maldición de Nostradamus / The Curse of Nostradamus'' (1961) [[Federico Curiel]]
* ''Nostradamus y el destructor de monstruos / The Monsters Demolisher'' (1962) Federico Curiel
* ''Nostradamus, el genio de las tinieblas / Genii of Darkness'' (1962) Federico Curiel
* ''La sangre de Nostradamus / The Blood of Nostradamus'' (1962) Federico Curiel
* ''El vampiro sangriento / [[The Bloody Vampire]]'' (1962) [[Miguel Morayta]]
* ''La invasión de los vampiros / The Invasion of the Vampires'' (1963) Miguel Morayta
* ''[[Hasta el viento tiene miedo]] / Even the Wind is Afraid'' (1968) Carlos Enrique Taboada
* ''La puerta / The Door'' (1968) Luis Alcoriza
* ''[[El libro de piedra]] / The Book of Stone'' (1969) Carlos Enrique Taboada
* ''[[Night of the Bloody Apes (film)|La Horripilante bestia human]] / Night of the Bloody Apes'' (1969) [[René Cardona]]
* ''The Mansión of Madness / Dr. Tarr's Torture Dungeon'' (1972) Juan López Moctezuma
* ''[[Night of a 1000 Cats|La noche de los 1000 gatos]] / Night of 1,000 Cats'' (1972)
* ''[[Más negro que la noche]] / Blacker than the Night'' (1974) Carlos Enrique Taboada
* ''Mary, Mary, Bloody Mary'' (1974) Juan López Moctezuma
* ''[[Satánico pandemonium]]'' (1975) Gilberto Martínez Solares
* ''La tía Alejandra'' (1978) Arturo Ripstein
* ''Alucarda, la hija de las tinieblas / Alucarda, Daughter of Darkness'' (1975) Juan López Moctezuma
* ''The Bermuda Triangle'' (1978)
* ''El extraño hijo del sheriff'' (1982)
* ''[[Veneno para las hadas]] / Poison for the Fairies'' (1984) Carlos Enrique Taboada
* ''Cementerio del terror / Cemetery of Terror'' (1985)
* ''Don't Panic'' (1987)
* ''Santa Sangre'' (1989)
* ''[[Cronos (film)|Cronos]]'' (1992) Guillermo del Toro
* ''[[Kilometer 31|Kilómetro 31]]'' (2006)
* ''[[We Are What We Are (2010 film)|We Are What We Are]]'' (2010) Jorge Michel Grau
* ''Ahí Va el Diablo / [[Here Comes the Devil]]'' (2012) Adrian Garcia Bogliano
* ''[[México Bárbaro]]'' (2014) Aarón Soto, Lex Ortega, [[Isaac Ezban]], Laurette Flores and Jorge Michel Grau
* ''[[Desierto]]'' (2015) [[Jonás Cuarón]] 
* ''Los Parecidos / [[The Similars]]'' (2015) [[Isaac Ezban]]
* ''Vuelven / Tigers Are Not Afraid'' (2017) [[Issa López]]
* ''[[Belzebuth (film)|Belzebuth]]'' (2017) Emilio Portes
* ''[[The Old Ways]]'' (2020) Christopher Alender
* ''Desaparecer por'' ''Completo / Disappear Completely'' (2022)

== See also ==

*[[Guillermo del Toro]]
*[[Paul Naschy]]
*[[Jesus Franco]]
*[[Amando de Ossorio]]
*[[Racism in horror films]]
*[[Misogyny in horror films]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XyaYjH4n-PA Mexican Horror Documentary by IMCINE]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071231202743/http://www.kgordonmurray.com/index.html K. Gordon Murray Mexican film archive]
* http://www.santoandfriends.com (Complete Index of Mexican Horror Films)
{{Cinema of Mexico}}{{Horror film}}

[[Category:Mexican horror films|*]]