View source for Hook above

{{Short description|Diacritical mark}}
{{other uses of|hook|Hook (disambiguation)}}
{{For|the IPA symbol|glottal stop}}
{{Infobox diacritic|char=◌̉
|name=Hook above
|unicode={{unichar|0309|combining hook above|cwith=&nbsp;|html=}}}}
{{Multiple image
|direction=vertical
|align=right
|width=18em
|footer=The hook in [[Times New Roman]] (top) and [[Calibri]] (bottom)
|image1=Hook (diacritic).svg
|alt1= ̉ ỏổỔ shown in Times New Roman
|image2=Hook (diacritic) in Calibri.png
|alt2= ̉ ỏổỔ shown in Calibri
}}
[[File:Alexandre de Rhodes - Dictionarium Annamiticum (1651) - c.34 - cropped on bí and bỉ.png|thumb|right|[[Alexandre de Rhodes]]'s ''{{lang|la|[[Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum]]}}'' (''Vietnamese–Portuguese–Latin dictionary'') showing ''{{lang|vi|bí}}'' without its [[tittle]] and ''{{lang|vi|[[wikt:Bỉ|bỉ]]}}'' with both a hook and tittle.]]

In [[typesetting]], the '''hook above''' ({{langx|vi|'''dấu hỏi'''}}) is a [[diacritic]] mark placed on top of vowels in the [[Vietnamese alphabet]]. In shape it looks like a tiny [[question mark]] without the dot underneath, or a tiny [[glottal stop|glottal stop (ʔ)]]. For example, a capital A with a hook is "Ả", and a lower case "u" with a hook is "ủ". The hook is usually written to the right of the [[circumflex]] in conventional Vietnamese orthography. If Vietnamese characters are unavailable, it is often replaced by a question mark after the vowel ([[VIQR]] encoding).

This diacritic functions as a [[tone (linguistics)|tone]] marker, indicating a "mid falling" tone (''{{lang|vi|hỏi}}''): which is "dipping" (˨˩˥) in Southern Vietnamese or "falling" (˧˩) in Northern Vietnamese; ''see [[Vietnamese language#Tones 2|Vietnamese language § Regional variation: Tones]]''. The Southern "dipping" tone is similar to the questioning [[intonation (linguistics)|intonation]] in English.

The hook above can be used as a [[Tone (linguistics)|tone]] marker, but is not regarded as part of the alphabet.

== Letters with hook above ==
{{Letters with diacritic/header}}<!--
-->{{hlist|{{Letters with diacritic/diacritic|format=char|d=hook above}}<!--
-->{{Letters with diacritic/scriptname|1=Vietnamese}}[[Ả |Ả{{NNBSP}}ả]]
| Ẩ{{NNBSP}}ẩ
| Ẳ{{NNBSP}}ẳ
| [[Ẻ |Ẻ{{NNBSP}}ẻ]]
| Ể{{NNBSP}}ể
| Ỉ{{NNBSP}}ỉ
| [[Ỏ |Ỏ{{NNBSP}}ỏ]]
| [[Ổ |Ổ{{NNBSP}}ổ]]
| [[Ở |Ở{{NNBSP}}ở]]
| Ủ{{NNBSP}}ủ
| [[Ử |Ử{{NNBSP}}ử]]
| Ỷ{{NNBSP}}ỷ
}}{{Letters with diacritic/footer}}<!--

-->

==Unicode <span class="anchor" id="Combining hook above"></span> ==
Apart from precomposed characters, in multiple scripts, the combining diacritical mark is encoded at {{unichar|0309|combining hook above|cwith=&nbsp;|html=}}

==See also==
* [[Horn (diacritic)]] (''{{lang|vi|dấu móc}}'')
* [[Hook (diacritic)]]

==External links==
* [http://diacritics.typo.cz/index.php?id=60 More information for typographers]

{{Navbox diacritical marks}}
{{Latin script||show diacritic=hook above}}

[[Category:Latin-script diacritics]]
[[Category:Vietnamese language]]
[[Category:Vietnamese alphabets]]


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