View source for Honeywell TPE331

{{short description|Turboprop aircraft engine}}
{{COI|date=June 2018}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->

{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
 |name= TPE331 / T76
 |image= File:Honeywell (Garrett) TPE331-14.jpg
 |caption= TPE331-14
}}
{{Infobox aircraft engine
 |type= [[Turboprop]] 
 |national origin = [[United States]]
 |manufacturer= [[Garrett AiResearch]] <br> [[Honeywell Aerospace]] 
 |first run= 1960
 |major applications= [[Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner]] <br> [[Mitsubishi MU-2]] <br> [[Aero Commander 500|Rockwell Turbo Commander]] 
 |number built =  13,500+<ref name="1607PR">{{cite press release |url=https://aerospace.honeywell.com/en/press-release-listing/2016/july/honeywell-continues-to-hone-turboprop-engine-for-50th-anniversary |title=Honeywell Continues to Hone Turboprop Engine for 50th Anniversary |last=Brecken |first=Steve |location=Phoenix, Arizona |publisher=[[Honeywell Aerospace]] |date=July 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704092105/https://aerospace.honeywell.com/en/press-release-listing/2016/july/honeywell-continues-to-hone-turboprop-engine-for-50th-anniversary |archive-date=2019-07-04 }}</ref>
 |program cost = 
 |unit cost = 
 |developed from = 
 |developed into = [[Garrett TPF351]]
 |variants with their own articles = 
}}
|}

The '''Honeywell TPE331''' (military designation: '''T76''') is a [[turboprop]] engine. It was designed in the 1950s by [[Garrett AiResearch]], and produced since 1999 by successor [[Honeywell Aerospace]]. The engine's power output ranges from {{convert|575|to|1650|shp|kW|lk=in}}.<ref name="TPE331SpecSheet">{{cite web |url=https://www.honeywell.com/sites/servlet/com.merx.npoint.servlets.DocumentServlet?docid=D273B5C4E-D9AD-A83C-388C-334222D5DC1E |format=PDF |title=TPE331 Spec Chart |publisher=[[Honeywell Aerospace]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903073131/https://www.honeywell.com/sites/servlet/com.merx.npoint.servlets.DocumentServlet?docid=D273B5C4E-D9AD-A83C-388C-334222D5DC1E |archive-date=2014-09-03 |access-date=2014-08-29 }}</ref><ref name="HoneywellTPE">{{cite web |url=http://www.honeywell.com/sites/aero/Phoenix_Repair_Overhaul3_C5D5EB8A7-6730-18D1-F595-53107B90D5DA_H9AEA1D8B-BF41-B3D4-D125-071C246FE7BB.htm |title=TPE |work=Products & Services |publisher=[[Honeywell Aerospace]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908102315/http://www.honeywell.com/sites/aero/Phoenix_Repair_Overhaul3_C5D5EB8A7-6730-18D1-F595-53107B90D5DA_H9AEA1D8B-BF41-B3D4-D125-071C246FE7BB.htm |archive-date=2010-09-08 }}</ref><ref name="HoneywellTPE331">{{cite web |url=http://aerospace.honeywell.com/~/media/UWSAero/common/documents/myaerospacecatalog-documents/BA_brochures-documents/TPE331-14.pdf |title=TPE331-14 Turboprop Engine |publisher=[[Honeywell Aerospace]] |date=2006-07-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903073130/http://aerospace.honeywell.com/~/media/UWSAero/common/documents/myaerospacecatalog-documents/BA_brochures-documents/TPE331-14.pdf |archive-date=2014-09-03 |access-date=2014-08-29 }}</ref>

==Design and development==
[[Garrett AiResearch]] designed the TPE331 from scratch in 1959 for the military.<ref name="HoneywellApr2017">{{cite press release |url=https://aerospace.honeywell.com/en/news-listing/2017/april/tpe331-engines-offers-super-performance-on-dornier-228-aircraft |title=TPE331 Engines Offers Super Performance on Dornier 228 Aircraft |location=Phoenix, Arizona |publisher=[[Honeywell Aerospace]] |date=2017-04-11 }}</ref> “Designed as a 575-horsepower engine it was not a scaled-down version of a larger engine, as competitors were offering.”<ref name="OOTA">{{cite book |last1=Schoneberger |first1=William A. |last2=Scholl |first2=Robert R. H. |title=Out of Thin Air: Garrett's First 50 Years |publisher=[[Garrett AiResearch|Garrett Corporation]] |year=1985 |pages=153, 174–175, 203 |isbn=9780961702908 }}</ref>
The TPE331 originated in 1961 as a gas turbine (the "331") to power helicopters.<ref name="OOTA"/> It first went into production in 1963.<ref name="specs-43A">{{cite web |url=http://www.canadianflight.org/content/garrett-tpe331 |title=Garrett TPE331 |work=Collection |publisher=[[Canadian Museum of Flight]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704100638/http://www.canadianflight.org/content/garrett-tpe331 |archive-date=2019-07-04 }}</ref> More than 700 had been shipped by the end of 1973.<ref name="OOTA"/> It was designed to be both a [[turboshaft]] (TSE331)<ref name=Wilkinson6465>{{cite book |last=Wilkinson |first=Paul H. |title=Aircraft engines of the World 1964/65 |year=1964 |publisher=Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. |location=London |edition=20th |page=43}}</ref> and a turboprop (TPE331), but the turboshaft version never went into production. The first engine was produced in 1963, installed on the [[Aero Commander 500|Aero Commander]] in 1964 and put into production on the Aero Commander Turbo Commander in June 1965.{{Citation needed|reason=Source "Leyes, p. 729" could not be located during ref cleanup, it is possibly ISBN 9781563473326 but confirmation is needed|date=July 2019}}

==Performance==

The 715 shp TPE331-6 used in the [[Beechcraft King Air]] B100 have a 400-hr. fuel nozzle cleaning interval, 1,800-hr. hot section inspection interval and a 5,400-hr. [[time between overhaul]]; approval is possible for 3,000-hr. HSIs and 6,000-hr. overhauls and engine reserves are cheaper than for the PT6A.<ref name="AW2017-01">{{cite news |last=George |first=Fred |url=https://aviationweek.com/business-aviation/used-aircraft-report-beech-king-air-b100 |title=Used Aircraft Report: Beech King Air B100 |work=Business & Commercial Aviation |publisher=Aviation Week Network |date=2017-01-30 }}</ref>

==Variants==

===Military variants (T76)===
{{div col|colwidth=12em}}
;T76-G-2:
;T76-G-4:
;T76-G-6:
;T76-G-8:
;T76-G-10:
;T76-G-12:
;T76-G-12A:
;T76-G-14:
;T76-G-16:
;T76-G-410:
;T76-G-411:
;T76-G-416:
;T76-G-417:
;T76-G-418:
;T76-G-419:
;T76-G-420:
;T76-G-421:
{{div col end}}

===Commercial variants (TPE331)===
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" 
|+ US [[Federal Aviation Administration|FAA]] {{abbr|TC|type certificate}} Variants 
! Model
! Certified{{efn|Dates from FAA type certificates E4WE{{R|"E4WE"}} (TPE331 model series 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12) and E18NE{{R|"E18NE"}} (series 14 and 15). No certification date information available from type certificates E3WE{{R|"E3WE"}} (series 1 and 2) and E2WE{{R|"E2WE"}} (series 25, 29, 43, 45, 47, 51, 55, 57, and 61).}}
|-
| TPE331-1
| 1967-12{{sfn|Leyes|Fleming|1999|p=648}}
|-
| TPE331-1U
| 
|-
| TPE331-1UA
| 
|-
| TPE331-2
| 1967-12{{sfn|Leyes|Fleming|1999|p=648}}
|-
| TPE331-2U
| 
|-
| TPE331-2UA
| 
|-
| TPE331-3
| 1969-03-28
|-
| TPE331-3U
| 1969-03-28
|-
| TPE331-3UW
| 1969-03-28
|-
| TPE331-3W
| 1969-03-28
|-
| TPE331-5{{efn|Powered the Rockwell Aero Commander [[Turbo Commander 690]], [[CASA 212]]-100, [[Mitsubishi MU-2]]N, and [[Dornier 228]].{{sfn|Leyes|Fleming|1999|p=652}}}}
| 1970-05-15
|-
| TPE331-5A
| 1988-05-04
|-
| TPE331-5AB
| 1992-07-21
|-
| TPE331-5B
| 1992-07-21
|-
| TPE331-5U
| 1970-05-15
|-
| TPE331-6{{efn|Powered the [[Mitsubishi MU-2]]S/K/L/M and [[Beechcraft King Air#Model 100 series|Beech B-100]].{{sfn|Leyes|Fleming|1999|p=652}}}}
| 1970-05-15
|-
| TPE331-6A
| 1978-01-20
|-
| TPE331-6U
| 1970-05-15
|-
| TPE331-8{{efn|Powered the [[Cessna Conquest]] 441.{{sfn|Leyes|Fleming|1999|p=653}}}}
| 1976-11-19
|-
| TPE331-8A
| 1981-12-24
|-
| TPE331-9
| 1976-11-19
|-
| TPE331-9U
| 1976-11-19
|-
| TPE331-10
| 1978-01-20
|-
| TPE331-10A
| 1980-12-12
|-
| TPE331-10AV
| 1996-07-19
|-
| TPE331-10B
| 1980-12-12
|-
| TPE331-10G
| 1984-08-14
|-
| TPE331-10GP
| 1994-12-14
|-
| TPE331-10GR
| 1984-08-14
|-
| TPE331-10GT
| 1994-12-14
|-
| TPE331-10J
| 1988-05-04
|-
| TPE331-10N
| 1992-02-06
|-
| TPE331-10P
| 1994-12-14
|-
| TPE331-10R
| 1982-06-25
|-
| TPE331-10T
| 1994-04-14
|-
| TPE331-10U
| 1978-01-20
|-
| TPE331-10UA
| 1982-07-29
|-
| TPE331-10UF
| 1982-06-25
|-
| TPE331-10UG
| 1984-08-14
|-
| TPE331-10UGR
| 1984-08-14
|-
| TPE331-10UJ
| 1988-05-04
|-
| TPE331-10UK
| 1988-11-04
|-
| TPE331-10UR
| 1983-11-14
|-
| TPE331-11U
| 1979-09-28
|-
| TPE331-11UA
| 1982-06-25
|-
| TPE331-12
| 1984-12-19
|-
| TPE331-12B{{efn|Powered the [[Shorts Tucano]] [[trainer aircraft]] and the [[CASA 212]]-400 [[regional airliner]].{{sfn|Leyes|Fleming|1999|p=656}}}}
| 1986-12-10
|-
| TPE331-12JR
| 1997-10-31
|-
| TPE331-12UA
| 1988-05-04
|-
| TPE331-12UAN
| 2014-05-09
|-
| TPE331-12UAR
| 1987-12-18
|-
| TPE331-12UER
| 1991-07-22
|-
| TPE331-12UHR
| 1993-01-07
|-
| TSE331-3U{{efn|Used on the [[Sikorsky S-55]] military helicopter.{{sfn|Leyes|Fleming|1999|p=661}}}}
| 1970-04-30
|-
| TPE331-14A
| 1984-04-26
|-
| TPE331-14B 
| 1984-04-26
|-
| TPE331-14F
| 1989-05-24
|-
| TPE331-14GR
| 1992-07-13
|-
| TPE331-14HR
| 1992-07-13
|-
| TPE331-15AW
| 1988-12-05
|-
| TPE331-16{{efn|Renamed to [[TPF351]]-20 in early 1988.<ref name="ALexec198802">{{cite magazine |magazine=Airline Executive |issn=0278-6702 |title=Garrett engine is redesignated |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_airline-executive-international_1988-02_12_2/page/n13 |department=Regional Airline Report |publication-date=February 1988 |page=12}}</ref> Was the rear-fuselage powerplant for the [[Embraer/FMA CBA 123 Vector]]. Flown on a [[Boeing 720]] [[testbed aircraft]] and Vector prototype starting in July 1990. Development of the aircraft and engine suspended in 1992, when the engine was nine months from certification.{{sfn|Leyes|Fleming|1999|pp=710–711}}}}
| N/A
|-
| TPE331-25A
| 
|-
| TPE331-25AA
| 
|-
| TPE331-25AB
| 
|-
| TPE331-25B
| 
|-
| TPE331-25C
| 
|-
| TPE331-25D
| 
|-
| TPE331-25DA
| 
|-
| TPE331-25DB
| 
|-
| TPE331-25E
| 
|-
| TPE331-25F
| 
|-
| TPE331-25FA
| 
|-
| TPE331-29A
| 
|-
| TPE331-43
| 
|-
| TPE331-43-A
| 
|-
| TPE331-43-B
| 
|-
| TPE331-45
| 
|-
| TPE331-47 {{efn|Entered service on the [[Volpar Super Turbo 18]] in February 1966.{{sfn|Leyes|Fleming|1999|p=645}}}}
|
|-
| TPE331-47-A
| 
|-
| TPE331-47-B
| 
|-
| TPE331-51
| 
|-
| TPE331-55
| 
|-
| TPE331-55-A
| 
|-
| TPE331-55-B
| 
|-
| TPE331-57
| 
|-
| TPE331-57-B
| 
|-
| TPE331-61
| 
|-
| TPE331-61-A
| 
|}
{{notelist}}

==Applications==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Aero Commander 500|Aero/Rockwell Turbo Commander 680/690/840/980/1000]]
* [[Antonov An-38]]
* [[Ayres Thrush]]
* [[British Aerospace Jetstream|BAe Jetstream 31/32]]
* [[British Aerospace Jetstream 41]]
* [[Beechcraft King Air|Beech B100 King Air]]
* [[CASA C-212 Aviocar]]
* [[Cessna 441 Conquest II]]
* [[Comp Air 9]]
* [[Conroy Stolifter]]
* [[Dornier 228]]
* [[Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner]]
* [[General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper]]
* [[Grob G 520]]
* [[HAL HTT-40]]
* [[Kestrel K-350]]
* [[Mitsubishi MU-2]] 
* [[North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco]]
* [[Pilatus PC-6|Pilatus/Fairchild PC-6C Turbo-Porter]]
* [[Piper PA-42 Cheyenne|Piper Cheyenne 400]]
* [[Short SC.7 Skyvan]]
* [[Short Tucano]] (EMB-312S Tucano)
* [[Swearingen Merlin]]
}}

=== Fitted with TPE-331s as a replacement for their original engines ===
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Beechcraft Model 18]]
* [[Cessna 208 Caravan]]
* [[Cessna 337 Skymaster]]
* [[de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver]]
* [[de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter]]
* [[de Havilland DH.104 Dove]]
* [[FMA IA 58 Pucará]]
* [[Grumman Ag Cat]]
* [[Grumman S-2 Tracker]]
* [[Grumman S-2 Tracker|Marsh S-2F3AT Turbo Tracker]]
* [[Handley Page Jetstream]]
* [[PAC Fletcher]]
* [[Antonov An-2#Variants|SibNIA TVS-2MS]] (Antonov An-2 conversion)
* [[Sikorsky H-19 Chickasaw]]
}}

==Specifications==
[[File:Turboprop cutaway.jpg|thumb|right|Cutaway view of a TPE-331]]
{{jetspecs
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|ref=
|type=Single-shaft [[turboprop]] with integral [[Transmission (mechanics)|gearbox]]
|length={{convert|46|in|mm}} (TPE331-43A),<ref name=specs-43A/> {{convert|42.82|in|mm|abbr=on}} (TPE331-10)<ref name=specs-10/>
|diameter={{convert|21|in|mm}} (TPE331-43A)<ref name=specs-43A/>
|weight={{convert|336|lb|kg|abbr=on}} (TPE331-43A),<ref name=specs-43A/> {{convert|385|lb|kg|abbr=on}} (TPE331-10)<ref name="specs-10">{{cite web |url=http://www51.honeywell.com/aero/common/documents/myaerospacecatalog-documents/BA_brochures-documents/TPE331.10.pdf |title=TPE331-10 Turboprop Engine |publisher=[[Honeywell Aerospace]] |date=April 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719154847/http://www51.honeywell.com/aero/common/documents/myaerospacecatalog-documents/BA_brochures-documents/TPE331.10.pdf |archive-date=2012-07-19 }}</ref>
|compressor=Two-stage [[Centrifugal compressor|centrifugal]]
|combustion=Reverse [[Annular combustor|annular]]
|turbine=Three-stage [[Axial turbine|axial]]
|fueltype=Jet A, Jet B, Jet A-1, JP-8, JP-1, JP-4, JP-5, JP8+100<ref name="Honeymoon Brochure">{{cite web |url=https://aerospace.honeywell.com/content/dam/aerobt/en/documents/learn/products/engines/brochures/N61-1491-000-000-TPE331-10TurbopropEngine-bro.pdf |title=TPE331-10 Turboprop Engine |publisher=[[Honeywell Aerospace]] |date=February 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105193201/https://aerospace.honeywell.com/content/dam/aerobt/en/documents/learn/products/engines/brochures/N61-1491-000-000-TPE331-10TurbopropEngine-bro.pdf |archive-date=2023-01-05}}</ref>
|oilsystem=
|power={{convert|575|hp|kW|abbr=on}} (TPE331-43A),<ref name=specs-43A/> {{convert|940|hp|kW|abbr=on}} (TPE331-10)<ref name=specs-10/>
|thrust=
|compression= 10.55:1 (TPE331-10)<ref name=specs-10/>
|aircon=
|turbinetemp=
|fuelcon=
|specfuelcon= {{convert|0.534|lb/hph|g/kWh|abbr=on}} (TPE331-10)<ref name=specs-10/>
|power/weight= {{convert|{{#expr:575/336round2}}|hp/lb|kW/kg|abbr=on}} (TPE331-43A),<ref name=specs-43A/> {{convert|{{#expr:940/385round2}}|hp/lb|kW/kg|abbr=on}} (TPE331-10)<ref name=specs-10/>
|thrust/weight=
}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation}}
{{Aircontent
|related=

|similar engines=
* [[General Electric Catalyst]]
* [[Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6]]
* [[Walter M601]]

|lists=
* [[List of aircraft engines]]

|see also=
}}

==References==
{{reflist|refs=
  <ref name="E3WE">{{cite report |work=[[Federal Aviation Administration]] (FAA) |series=Type Certificate Data Sheet |author=Honeywell (AlliedSignal, Garrett, AiResearch) |date=February 1, 2000 |title=E3WE |edition=8 |url=https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/C5724721927D08CD862568F6004C3DE6.0001 |ref=TPE331-series-1-2}}</ref>
  <ref name="E4WE">{{cite report |work=[[Federal Aviation Administration]] (FAA) |series=Type Certificate Data Sheet |author=Honeywell (AlliedSignal, Garrett, AiResearch) |date=May 22, 2014 |title=E4WE |edition=34 |url=https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/8552B469CED9E1E886257D310056EA65.0001 |ref=TPE331-series-3-5-6-8-9-10-11-12}}</ref>
  <ref name="E18NE">{{cite report |work=[[Federal Aviation Administration]] (FAA) |series=Type Certificate Data Sheet |author=Honeywell (AlliedSignal, Garrett) |date=February 1, 2000 |title=E18NE |edition=9 |url=https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/991A2CFC40A01FF2862568F80044B9D7.0001 |ref=TPE331-series-14-15}}</ref>
  <ref name="E2WE">{{cite report |work=[[Federal Aviation Administration]] (FAA) |series=Type Certificate Data Sheet |author=Honeywell (AlliedSignal, Garrett, AiResearch) |date=February 1, 2000 |title=E2WE |edition=8 |url=https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/8E03A5D9AB19E2D6862568F6004EA358.0001 |ref=TPE331-series-25-29-43-45-47-51-55-57-61}}</ref>
}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |title=The history of North American small gas turbine aircraft engines |url={{GBurl|V0SnFt8JGokC|pg=frontcover}} |pages=[{{GBurl|V0SnFt8JGokC|p=632}} 632]–[{{GBurl|V0SnFt8JGokC|p=661}} 661] |given1=Richard A., II |surname1=Leyes |given2=William A. |surname2=Fleming |year=1999 |publisher=[[National Air and Space Museum]] and [[American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics]] (AIAA) |location=Reston, VA |isbn=1-56347-332-1 |oclc=247550535}}
* {{cite magazine |magazine=[[Flying (magazine)|Flying]] |issn=0015-4806 |title=Turboprop progress: Garrett stakes its fortune on engines that offer reliability with minimum maintenance |url={{GBurl|SgxOWvewgEoC|p=31}} |pages=31–32 |publication-date=July 1983 |first=J. Mac |last=McClellan |volume=110 |number=7}}
* {{cite conference |conference=Gas Turbine Conference & Exhibit & Solar Energy Conference |date=March 12–15, 1979 |title=The growth and evolution of the TPE331 |given1=J-P. |surname1=Frignac |given2=E. J. |surname2=Privoznik |doi=10.1115/79-GT-164 |isbn=978-0-7918-7968-9 |oclc=8518974705}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://archive.today/20130103064858/http://www.honeywell.com/sites/portal?smap=aerospace&page=Century-MSP-FlatRate&theme=T6 TPE 331 Cost Protection Programs]
* [https://archive.today/20130103112051/http://www.honeywell.com/sites/portal?smap=aerospace&page=TPE331_Engine_Conversion_TPE&theme=T6 TPE 331 Engine Conversions]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140902214005/http://aerospace.honeywell.com/~/media/UWSAero/common/documents/myaerospacecatalog-documents/BA_brochures-documents/Engines-documents/TPE331_-10_Overview.pdf Power and fuel flow versus altitude and speed], for version 10. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20140902214005/http://aerospace.honeywell.com/~/media/UWSAero/common/documents/myaerospacecatalog-documents/BA_brochures-documents/Engines-documents/TPE331_-10_Overview.pdf Archive])
<!--* [http://www.shanaberger.com/engines/TPE331.htm Garrett TPE331 gas turbine engine]-->

{{Garrett/Honeywell aeroengines}}
{{USAF gas turbine engines}}

{{aeroengine-specs}}

[[Category:1960s turboprop engines]]
[[Category:Honeywell Aerospace aircraft engines|TPE331]]