View source for Holyoke Transcript-Telegram

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox newspaper
| logo = Holyoke Daily Transcript-Telegram.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| name                = Holyoke Transcript-Telegram
| image               = Transcript-Telegram August 22, 1986.jpg
| caption             = A 1986 daily issue of the Transcript-Telegram
| type                = [[Daily newspaper]]
| format              = [[Broadsheet]]
| foundation          = {{Start date and age|1849|9|1}} (as ''Hampden Freeman'')
| ceased publication  = {{End date and age|1993|1|21}}
| price               = 
| owners              = [[Newspapers of New England]]
| publisher           = Murray D. Schwartz
| editor              = 
| language            = 
| political           = 
| circulation         = 16,300 daily in 1993<ref name="weekly">Constantine, Sandra E. "Transcript-Telegram Ceases Publication". ''Union-News'', Springfield, Mass. April 24, 1993.</ref>
| headquarters        = 120 Whiting Farms Road, [[Holyoke, Massachusetts]] 01040 United States
| ISSN                = 
| oclc                = 20551327
| website             = 
}}

The '''''Holyoke Transcript-Telegram''''', or '''''T‑T''''', was an afternoon [[daily newspaper]] covering the city of [[Holyoke, Massachusetts]], United States, and adjacent portions of [[Hampden County, Massachusetts|Hampden County]] and [[Hampshire County, Massachusetts|Hampshire County]].

Published as a daily since 1882, after four years of heavy losses the newspaper ceased publication in January 1993; at the time it was one of the longest running Massachusetts papers to fold, two decades longer than the ''[[Boston Post]]''. Long owned by the Dwight family, the ''T-T''<nowiki>'s</nowiki> last owner was [[Newspapers of New England]], which had been founded by the Dwights as a holding company for the ''T-T'' and other newspapers it had acquired.

With the departure of the ''T-T'', Holyoke lost its only [[newspaper of record]]. Daily newspaper readers in the city turned to newspapers in nearby cities, which increased their coverage of Holyoke: the ''Union-News'' of [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]], now called ''[[The Republican (Springfield, Massachusetts)|The Republican]]''; and the ''[[Daily Hampshire Gazette]]'' of [[Northampton, Massachusetts|Northampton]].

== History ==
[[File:Hampden Freeman 1849.jpg|left|thumb|Early issue of the ''Hampden Freeman'', {{circa|1849}}]]

===Abolitionist origins===
Founded as the '''Hampden Freeman''', the debut issue of Holyoke's first newspaper was printed by proprietor William L. Morgan on September 1, 1849, when the locale was still known as Ireland Depot.<ref name="congress">Holyoke Transcript-Telegram. ''[[w:Congressional Record|Congressional Record]]''. October 13, 1949. Extensions of Remarks. Page A6279 . [https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GPO-CRECB-1949-pt16/summary 95 Cong. Rec. (Bound) - Volume 95, Part 1]</ref><ref name="presshistory">{{cite book  |year=1902  |chapter=The Press of Holyoke |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/ourcountyitspeop01cope/#page/455/mode/2up |editor1-last=Copeland |editor1-first=Alfred Minot  |title="Our county and its people" : A history of Hampden County, Massachusetts |volume=III |pages=455–461 |publisher= The Century Memorial Publishing Company |url=https://archive.org/stream/ourcountyitspeop03cope#page/n13/mode/2up |oclc= 5692695963 }}</ref> The first editor of the then-weekly paper, a young lawyer named [[William B. C. Pearsons]], would go on to serve as the city's first mayor a quarter century later, and in his earliest editorials would describe the New City project of the Associates as the "infant giant of Western Massachusetts, destined to eclipse Lowell". Identified by its name, the paper was staunchly [[abolitionist]], with its views explained with brevity in an editorial on March 23, 1850—
<blockquote>"To our Whig friends we offer our kindest wishes and zealous support, and we shall sustain, as well as we may, the principles of the great and national Whig party. We are opposed to the extension of slavery into the new territories, and we are as much opposed to the policy of certain leaders at the north who style themselves the Free Soil Party...As men, we extend the hand of friendship to our Democratic readers (and we have a very large number), and wish them all success in private and personal enterprises, but as partisans, we throw the gauntlet in their midst, and in our strength defy them."{{notetag|The aforementioned support to the "principles of the great and national Whig party" reflected the upcoming schism that would arise in the party, in which a divide over the issue of admitting states to the union with slavery would lead to the party's dissolution, and incorporation of many former Whigs such as Pearsons into the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]. The [[Free Soil Party]] referenced as well, though antislavery, was derided by Boston abolitionist [[William Lloyd Garrison]] as "white manism", as it distanced itself from abolitionism and avoided the moral problems implicit in slavery. Instead emphasis was placed on the threat slavery posed to white labor and Northern businessmen in the new West.<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Louisa May Alcott on Race, Sex, and Slavery|author1=Alcott, L.M.|author2=Elbert, S.|date=1997|publisher=Northeastern University Press|isbn=9781555533076|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6g6kwxBDzxoC}}</ref> }}</blockquote>

On January 15, 1853, the paper would be rechristened the '''Holyoke Freeman''' with Azro B. F. Hildreth assuming the editorship. This name would prove short-lived and by January 7, 1854 following some period of intermittent publication, the paper was again renamed the '''Holyoke Weekly Mirror''', changing hands under the proprietorship of Lilley & Pratt, and leaving its Whig allegiance, in favor of a stated non-partisanship. Within the decade, the paper's ownership would again change to Wheelock & Pratt, with Myron C. Pratt as the eventual sole proprietor by 1858.<ref name="congress"/><ref name="presshistory"/>

===Expansion as daily===
{{multiple image|perrow = 2|total_width=200|align = left
| image1 = Minnie E Dwight (née Ryan).jpg
| image2 = William G Dwight.jpg
| image3 = HolyokeTranscript FirstPress.png
| footer = Editor-publishers, Minnie Dwight (''left''), first woman to receive an honorary degree from [[UMass Amherst|UMass]], who succeeded her husband, William Dwight Sr (''right'') in 1930; the original press used by the paper when it first became a daily in 1882
}}
[[File:Le Transcript de Holyoke, masthead.jpg|right|thumb|''Le Transcript de Holyoke'', the sole time the paper published in French while covering the tragedy of the [[Precious Blood Church fire]] in 1875]]
The '''Holyoke Transcript''' first published under that name on April 11, 1863,<ref>{{cite book|title=The New England Business Directory|year=1865|publisher=Adams, Sampson & Co|location=Boston|page=757|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TuA1AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA757}}</ref> with the ownership of Henry M. Burt and Charles M. Lyman (Burt & Lyman).<ref name="presshistory"/> By 1870 Burt's partnership had been assumed by Edwin L. Kirtland, and by 1872 Lyman had sold his share to William S. Loomis.<ref>{{cite book | title=Holyoke, Past and Present, 1745–1895 | year=1895 | publisher=The Transcript Publishing Co. |page=82| oclc= 11107520 |url = https://archive.org/stream/holyokepastprese00unse#page/n0/mode/2up}}</ref> In 1881, one William G. Dwight, having just graduated from [[Amherst College]], joined the paper's staff; within a year's time he would assume the shares of Kirtland.

Initially a weekly, the story of the daily ''T-T'' as it was known in the 20th century began in many ways with William G. Dwight, who oversaw the transfer to daily publishing which began on October 9, 1882.<ref name="congress"/><ref>{{cite book  |year=1879  |chapter=Holyoke |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/historyofconnect02ever#page/n557/mode/2up |title=History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers |volume=II |pages=915–938 |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Louis H. Everts; Press of J.B. Lippincott and Co |url=https://archive.org/stream/historyofconnect02ever#page/n7/mode/2up |oclc= 866692568 }}</ref> Loomis and Dwight would oversee the conversion of the weekly, by then called the ''Holyoke Transcript'', into a daily but it was Dwight who would stay with the publication for 4 more decades after Loomis sold his shares in 1888 to pursue expansion of the [[Holyoke Street Railway]].<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Electric Traction|date=August 1914|issue=8|volume=X|page=505|title=Mr. William S. Loomis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PuxHAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA505}}</ref> By 1926 Dwight completed acquisition of the rival ''Holyoke Telegram'' daily, lending the combined newspaper the name it would keep until 1993.<ref>"Holyoke Daily Splits into Four Weeklies". ''The Boston Globe'', January 22, 1993.</ref>

Dwight died in 1930, and his wife, Minnie Dwight, became publisher. Their son, also named William Dwight, was named managing editor but he also explored other investments. He founded [[WHYN (AM)|WHYN]] radio with Charles DeRose, owner of the ''[[Daily Hampshire Gazette]]''. The two also founded [[WGGB-TV|WHYN-TV]], the Springfield area's second television station, in 1953. They sold the WHYN properties in 1967.<ref name="senior">"William Dwight, 92, Holyoke Publisher". Obituary. ''Union-News'', Springfield, Mass. June 5, 1996.</ref>

Another of William Dwight's purchases would have a profound impact on the ''T-T''<nowiki>'s</nowiki> future. In 1955 he bought and became co-publisher of the ''[[The Recorder (Greenfield)|Greenfield Recorder-Gazette]]''. His later purchases of the ''[[Concord Monitor]]'' and ''[[Valley News]]'' in [[New Hampshire]] would lead to the establishment of [[Newspapers of New England]], the company that eventually decided to close the ''T-T''.<ref name="senior"/>
{| class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:23em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"
| style="text-align: left;" | "[I]t was clear to us that among real Holyokians the word Transcript and the word newspaper are used synonymously."
|-
| style="text-align: left;"|&mdash;David J. Malcolm, reporter for the ''[[Springfield Republican]]'', December 22, 1940<ref>{{cite news|last=Malcolm|first=David J.|date= December 22, 1940|title=Our Hill Town Neighbors|work=Springfield Republican|location=Springfield, Mass.|page=19}}</ref>
|-

|}
Following Minnie's death in 1957, her son William became publisher of the ''T-T'', a title he held until his son, William&nbsp;Jr., took the reins in 1975. William Sr. stayed on as chairman of the board until 1982, succeeded in that capacity by his son [[Donald R. Dwight]].<ref name="senior"/>
{{clear}}

===International impact===
{{multiple image
   | direction = vertical
   | width = 230
   | align = right
   | footer = Top to bottom: [[Álvaro Alsogaray]] (''left''), representing Fibrocel S.A., reviews the world's first run of [[bagasse]] newsprint used to print the ''Transcript'', January 26, 1950, with Argentine UN delegate {{ill|César Augusto Bunge|es}} (''right''); William Dwight Jr., as president of the [[News Media Alliance|American Newspaper Publishers Association]], passes the gavel to his successor, D. Tennant Bryan of the ''[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]]'', at the close of the Association's 72nd annual convention, April 1958
   | image1 = Álvaro Alsogaray, Bartolome Bruera, César Augusto Bunge (left to right) look over issues of the first newspaper to be printed on bagasse, the Holyoke Transcript-Telegram, January 26, 1950.jpg
   | image2 = Former_ANPA_President_William_Dwight_Jr.%2C_pres_of_Holyoke_Transcript-Telegram%2C_passes_gavel_to_incoming_president_D._Tennant_Bryan_of_Richmond_%28Va%29_Times-Dispatch_%28NYC%2C_1958%29.jpg}}

During the time that he was the ''Transcript-Telegram's'' publisher, William Dwight Jr. would give the paper a platform on the international stage. In 1950, the ''[[New York Times]]'' would report that representatives from Argentina, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Mexico, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Australia, India, Pakistan, China, South Africa, and the United Kingdom met in Holyoke to see the first [[newsprint]] papers commercially made from [[bagasse]], produced by the Chemical Paper Company, and used as paper stock in a special edition of the ''Transcript-Telegram''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Paper Making From Cane Waste To Get First Practical Test Today; Representatives of 15 Countries to Witness Printing Demonstration at Holyoke, Mass.|date=January 27, 1950|page=42|department=Business & Finance Section|work=New York Times|via=United States Congress House Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee No. 5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0GRFAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA3-PA1197}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Paper Making from Cane Waste to Get First Practical Test Today—Representatives of 15 Countries to Witness Printing Demonstration at Holyoke, Mass.—Subsidiary Developing Group Formed|department=Business & Finance Section|page=20|date=January 28, 1950|work=The New York Times|via=United States Congress House Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee No. 5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0GRFAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA3-PA1197}}</ref>

Before the end of the decade, Dwight presided over a number of national affiliates, including as a director and vice chairman of the [[Associated Press]], and chairman of the Newspaper Advertising Bureau.<ref name="NYTdwight">{{cite news|title=William Dwight, 92, Publisher Who Pushed for China Coverage|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/06/us/william-dwight-92-publisher-who-pushed-for-china-coverage.html|work=The New York Times|date=June 6, 1996|via=AP|page=16|department=Section B|quote=While president of the publishers' association in the 1950s, he was instrumental in persuading Secretary of State John Foster Dulles to permit American journalists to enter mainland China, which Washington had closed to all Americans after the Communists seized power there in 1949.}}</ref> Indeed for a time Dwight would be instrumental in the national discourse of American foreign news coverage. On April 26, 1956 Dwight assumed the post of president of the [[News Media Alliance|American Newspaper Publishers Association]], which he held until 1958. As president of that publishing organization, Dwight would publicly challenge the policy of the [[President Eisenhower]]'s Secretary of State [[John Foster Dulles]], who had barred American journalists from covering events inside Communist China.<ref name="influence">{{cite book|editor1-last=Lerbinger|editor2-last=Sullivan|editor1-first=Otto|editor2-first=Albert J.|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/informationinflu00lerb/page/158|chapter=The Problems of Administrative Discretion: Cases in Point; United States Newsmen and Red China|title=Information, influence & communication; a reader in public relations|pages=158–162|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York|year=1965}}</ref> Working with counterparts of other news organizations to rally against the State Department's policies, on February 6, 1957, Dwight would publish an open telegram to Eisenhower and [[Vice President Nixon]], later reprinted in Congressional testimony, positing four principles that the organization saw as key to American journalism:<ref>{{cite book|title=The Right to Travel|author=The United States Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary|page=115|chapter=ANPA Board Resolution on Freedom To Travel for Newspapermen|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oPYX1pEfLtoC&pg=PA131|date=February 6, 1957|publisher=Government Publishing Office (GPO)|location=Washington, D.C.}}</ref>
<blockquote>
1. Newspaper or magazine writers who are American citizens and employed by American publications and newsgathering services to gather and write news or express opinion on facts should be accorded by our Government freedom to travel for that purpose in any country in the world with which the United States is not at war.<br>
2. Passports issued to American citizens who are engaged in gathering and writing news or expressing opinion for American publications should not be restricted so as to ban travel in any country with which this Nation is not at war.<br>
3. Penalties of fine or imprisonment or revocation of the right to travel should not be imposed upon American newspaper or magazine writers, who, at their own risk, choose to pursue their profession in any country in the world with which this Nation is not a[t] war.<br>
4. We respectfully recommend consideration by the President and the Congress of the foregoing principles in connection with the visit of American writers to Red China for the purpose of gather and reporting facts for the information of the American people.
</blockquote>
With the administration unwavering in its policy, Dwight would continue to work with his contemporaries at the [[Associated Press]] and other journalistic bodies to pressure the Secretary of State. In a widely-quoted April 1957 speech he would go on to say "[a]rguments based on the evils of the Peiping [Beijing] Regime have been advanced to bolster the decision to keep us from finding out for ourselves what is taking place over there. They should not prevail over the majestic principle of the people's right to know, a precious right inherent in our way of life". Though their success would be limited, and the ''Transcript-Telegram'' itself would not send journalists to China, Dwight's work would prove influential in the discontinuation of this policy.<ref name="NYTdwight"/><ref name="influence"/>
{{clear}}

== Decline and closure ==
[[File:Holyoke Transcript-Telegram last building.png|left|thumb|The last headquarters of the paper at 120 Whiting Farms Road]]
William Dwight,&nbsp;Jr., stayed on as publisher only until 1981, when the company board, made up largely of his family including brother-in-law George W. Wilson, fired him. William&nbsp;Jr. later blamed his out-of-towner replacements for the newspaper's decline, according to ''CommonWealth'' magazine:
<blockquote>The new crew had grand journalistic visions, and forgot the ''Transcript''<nowiki>'s</nowiki> local roots, residents say. The publisher sent one reporter to [[People's Republic of China|China]], another to [[Poland]] to cover the labor [[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|Solidarity]] movement. "They saw it as a more metropolitan type daily, a more sophisticated newspaper", said William Dwight,&nbsp;Jr., ... "The result is they added enormous expense to the newspaper and it was not covered by the income."<ref name="ryan">Ryan, Carolyn. "A Newspaper Grows in Holyoke". ''CommonWealth'' magazine, Fall 1996.</ref></blockquote>

In 1988 the ''T-T'' was named "best newspaper in New England" by the New England Newspaper Publishers Association,<ref name="Fiedler">Fiedler, Tom. "What Happens When a Community Loses its Newspaper?". ''CommonWealth'' magazine, Boston, Mass., November 3, 2011.</ref> but in the years 1988 to 1992 the newspaper was said to have lost $1&nbsp;million as advertising and circulation declined. Some observers blamed competition with the ''Union-News'' of [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]] (which would later publish a "Holyoke ''Union-News''" edition) or Holyoke's substantial and growing immigrant population, which diluted the market for an English-language newspaper. In a newspaper interview, the ''T-T''<nowiki>'s</nowiki> then-publisher blamed economics:

<blockquote>"You're wrestling with a market that has decreased substantially over the last two decades", said Murray D. Schwartz, publisher of the ''Transcript-Telegram''. "It has really lost its downtown core. It's really a traditional story of what has happened to American cities."<ref name="daily">Donn, Jeff. "Holyoke Newspaper Closes". ''Telegram & Gazette'', Worcester, Mass. January 22, 1993.</ref></blockquote>

Out of 69&nbsp;workers at the newspaper on the day it closed, the company laid off 36. The remainder took jobs at four weekly newspapers, published at the ''Transcript-Telegram'' building, intended to take the daily's place.<ref name="daily"/>

[[Microfilm]] copies of the ''Holyoke Transcript-Telegram'' can be found at the Holyoke History Room of the [[Holyoke Public Library]] as well as [[Mount Holyoke College]].<ref>[http://www.holyokelibrary.org/historycollection.asp Collection Highlights], Holyoke History Room. Holyoke Public Library. Accessed 25 April 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/20551327 Transcript-telegram]. Holyoke Transcript-Telegram Pub. Co. WorldCat OCLC 20551327.</ref>

== Weeklies ==
Immediately after the daily newspaper's demise, [[Newspapers of New England]] reopened the ''T-T'' as a group of four free-circulation, [[Tabloid (newspaper format)|tabloid]]-format [[weekly newspaper]]s—a weekly ''Transcript-Telegram'' in Holyoke, and ''In South Hadley-Granby'', ''In Chicopee'' and ''In Westfield'', covering four of the largest cities and towns in the old daily ''T-T'' circulation area. The [[Chicopee, Massachusetts|Chicopee]] and [[Westfield, Massachusetts|Westfield]] weeklies had actually been established about a year prior to the daily's demise.<ref name="daily"/>

The free tabloids immediately proved unprofitable, however, and the company pulled the plug on the experiment only three months later. The ''Holyoke Transcript-Telegram'' published its final edition April 23, 1993.<ref name="weekly"/>

With the weekly ''T-T'' gone, Holyoke was in "a virtual news blackout", according to journalist Carolyn Ryan, "with only a gossip sheet called ''Hello, Holyoke'' remaining for local media". Indeed, it is true that ''Hello, Holyoke'''s coverage was almost exclusively local news and opinion, with no reporting of world or national news or sports or financial coverage. That vacuum went unfilled until two years later, when Justin Prisendorf established the ''Holyoke Sun''.<ref name="ryan"/>

The ''Sun'' proved to have staying power and continues to publish today. ''Hello, Holyoke'' ceased publication in 2006.<ref>Burke, Mike. "Local newspaper stops publishing". ''The Republican'', Springfield, Mass. December 15, 2006. [http://www.masslive.com/news/republican/index.ssf?/base/news-6/1166173442257000.xml&coll=1]  accessed April 19, 2012.</ref> Since 2001 the 10,000-circulation ''Sun'' has been owned by [[Turley Publications]].<ref>[http://www.turley.com/Pages/holyoke.html Turley Publications: Holyoke Sun] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060521222144/http://www.turley.com/Pages/holyoke.html |date=2006-05-21 }}, accessed February 6, 2007.</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Notefoot}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book  |year=1902  |chapter=The Press of Holyoke |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/ourcountyitspeop01cope/#page/455/mode/2up |editor1-last=Copeland |editor1-first=Alfred Minot  |title="Our county and its people" : A history of Hampden County, Massachusetts |volume=III |pages=455–461 |publisher= The Century Memorial Publishing Company |url=https://archive.org/stream/ourcountyitspeop03cope#page/n13/mode/2up |oclc= 5692695963 }}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline}}
{{external media | width = 210px | float = right | headerimage= | image1 = [https://edan.si.edu/slideshow/viewer/?eadrefid=NMAH.AC.1113_ref5903 #15548, ''Holyoke Transcript'' (Holyoke, Massachusetts)], 1929, Lockwood-Greene Records, National Museum of American History|image2=[https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search/commonwealth:0v838d234 Holyoke Daily Transcript, 182 High Street], c. 1890, Holyoke Public Library via ''DigitalCommonwealth''}}
* [http://chc.library.umass.edu/holyoke-public/category/newspapers/ Collection Holdings], Holyoke History Room, Holyoke Public Library; includes Transcript-Telegram holdings from 1882–1993
{{Wikisource|Holyoke Transcript-Telegram - Congressional Record: October 13, 1949|History of Holyoke Transcript-Telegram, Holyoke, Mass.
}}
* [https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/collections/commonwealth:4168dr96c The Holyoke Daily Transcript], 1891-1905, via [[Boston Public Library]], Digital Commonwealth
* [https://www.newspapers.com/paper/transcript-telegram/30129/?locale=en-US ''Transcript-Telegram''], 1882-1993, archives on [[Newspapers.com]]
* [https://www.loc.gov/item/sn86071596/ Holyoke Daily Transcript Holyoke Telegram (Holyoke, Mass.) 1927-], [[Library of Congress]]

{{NNE|Holyoke Transcript-Telegram}}
{{Newspapers in Massachusetts}}

[[Category:Mass media in Holyoke, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Mass media in Hampden County, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Defunct newspapers published in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Publications disestablished in 1993]]
[[Category:Newspapers established in 1849]]
[[Category:1849 establishments in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:1993 disestablishments in Massachusetts]]