View source for Hoe (food)

{{Short description|Korean raw food dishes}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Infobox food
| name             = ''Hoe''
| image            = Hoe (raw fish).jpg
| caption          = 
| alternate_name   = Hwe 
| country          = [[Korea]]
| region           = 
| national_cuisine = [[List of Asian cuisines#East Asian cuisine|East Asian Cuisine]]
| creator          = 
| year             = 
| mintime          = 
| maxtime          = 
| type             = [[Raw fish]]
| course           = 
| served           = 
| main_ingredient  = 
| minor_ingredient = 
| variations       = {{Flatlist|
* ''[[Yukhoe]]''
* ''[[sukhoe]]''
* ''[[ganghoe]]''
}}
| serving_size     = 100 g
| calories         = 
| protein          = 
| fat              = 
| carbohydrate     = 
| glycemic_index   = 
| similar_dish     = 
| other            = 
| module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto
| child = yes
| hangul     = 회
| hanja      = 膾; 鱠
| ipa  = {{ipa|ko|hwɛ}}
}}
}}
'''''Hoe''''' ({{Korean|hangul=회}}; {{IPA|ko|hwɛ|pron}}) is a Korean seafood dish that is eaten by trimming raw meat or raw fish. In addition to fish, it is also made with other marine products such as shrimp and squid, raw meat of land animals, and vegetable ingredients, but without any special prefix, it mainly refers to raw fish.

== Varieties ==
{{Korean cuisine}}
There are uncooked ''hoe'' ({{lang|ko|회}}) as well as blanched ''sukhoe'' ({{lang|ko|숙회}}).<ref name="SKLD">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=378514|title=hoe|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:회|access-date=3 June 2017|archive-date=19 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019164126/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=378514|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="SKLD2">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=446838|title=sukhoe|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:숙회|access-date=3 June 2017|archive-date=6 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106231613/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=446838|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Raw ===
{{Further|Yukhoe#Varieties}}
''Hoe'' ({{lang|ko|회}}), the raw fish or meat dish, can be divided into ''saengseon-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|생선회}}), filleted raw fish, and ''[[yukhoe]]'' ({{lang|ko|육회}}), sliced raw meat.<ref name="SKLD3">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=180617|title=saengseon-hoe|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:생선회|access-date=3 June 2017|archive-date=3 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003125120/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=180617|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="SKLD4">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=260844|title=yukhoe|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:육회|access-date=3 June 2017|archive-date=3 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003174527/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=260844|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Saengseon-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|생선회}}) can be either ''hwareo-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|활어회}}) made from freshly killed fish, or ''seoneo-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|선어회}}) made using aged fish. ''Mulhoe'' ({{lang|ko|물회}}) is a cold raw fish soup.<ref name="SKLD5">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=515802|title=mulhoe|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:물회|access-date=3 June 2017|archive-date=3 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003125146/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=515802|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
* ''Baemjangeo-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|뱀장어회}}) – [[Anguilla japonica|freshwater eel]]
* ''Baendaengi-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|밴댕이회}}) – [[Sardinella zunasi|sardinella]]
* ''Bangeo-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|방어회}}) – [[Japanese amberjack|amberjack]]
* ''Bogeo-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|복어회}}) – [[fugu]]
* ''Bungeo-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|붕어회}}) – [[Carassius carassius|Crucian carp]]
* ''Chamchi-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|참치회}}) – [[tuna]]
* ''Dodari-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|도다리회}}) - [[Ridged-eye flounder|Ridged eye Flounder]]
* ''Daegu-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|대구회}}) – [[Gadus macrocephalus|cod]]
* ''Dorumuk-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|도루묵회}}) – [[Arctoscopus japonicus|sandfish]]
* ''Dom-hoe '' or ''Domi hoe'' ({{lang|ko|도미회}}) – [[Pagrus major|sea bream]]
* ''Gaebul-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|개불회}}) - [[Urechis unicinctus|fat innkeeper worm]]
* ''Gajami-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|가자미회}}) – [[Pleuronectidae|righteye flounder]]
* ''Galchi-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|갈치회}}) - [[largehead hairtail]]
* ''Gamulchi-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|가물치회}}) – [[Channa argus|snakehead]]
* ''Gehoe'' ({{lang|ko|게회}}) – [[Crab meat|crab]]
* ''Godeungeo-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|고등어회}}) – [[Mackerel as food|Mackerel]]
* ''Gul-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|굴회}}) – [[oyster]]
* ''Gwangeo-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|광어회}}) – [[Olive flounder|Korean Halibut]]
* ''Haesam-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|해삼회}}) – [[Sea cucumbers as food|sea cucumber]]
* ''[[Hongeo-hoe]]'' ({{lang|ko|홍어회}}) – [[Okamejei kenojei|skate]]
* ''Ingeo-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|잉어회}}) – [[Cyprinus carpio|carp]]
* ''Jari-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|자리회}}) – [[Chromis notata|chromis]]
* ''Jeoneo-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|전어회}}) - [[konosirus]]
* ''Jogae-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|조개회}}) – [[clam]]
* ''Jogi-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|조기회}}) – [[Larimichthys polyactis|yellow croaker]]
* ''Junchi-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|준치회}}) – [[Ilisha elongata|ilisha]]
* ''Munggae-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|멍게회}}) - [[sea pineapple]]
* ''Mineo-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|민어회}}) – [[Miichthys miiuy|brown croaker]]
* ''Muneo-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|문어회}}) – [[Enteroctopus dofleini|giant octopus]]
* ''Myeongtae-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|명태회}}) – [[Alaska pollock as food|pollock]]
* ''Nakji-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|낙지회}}) – [[Octopus minor|long arm octopus]]
* ''Nongeo-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|농어회}}) – [[Lateolabrax japonicus|seabass]]
* ''Saengbok-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|생복회}}) – [[abalone]]
* ''[[San-nakji]]'' ({{lang|ko|산낙지}}) – [[Octopus minor|long arm octopus]]
* ''Songeo-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|송어회}}) – [[Trout]]
* ''Ssogari-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|쏘가리회}}) – [[Siniperca scherzeri|mandarin fish]]
* ''Sungeo-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|숭어회}}) – [[Mugil cephalus|mullet]]
* ''Ureok-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|우럭회}}) - refers to [[Sebastes schlegelii|korean rockfish]] and [[Sebastes hubbsi]]
* ''Yeonoe-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|연어회}}) – [[Salmon]]}}

=== Blanched ===
{{Main|Sukhoe|Ganghoe}}
''[[Sukhoe]]'' ({{lang|ko|숙회}}) is a [[blanching (cooking)|blanched]] fish, seafood, meat, or vegetable dish. ''[[Ganghoe]]'' ({{lang|ko|강회}}) is a dish of rolled and tied ribbons made with blanched vegetables such as [[Oenanthe javanica|water dropwort]]s and [[silpa|scallion]]s.<ref name="SKLD6">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=389105|title=ganghoe|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:강회|access-date=3 June 2017|archive-date=27 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827173940/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=389105|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== ''Khe'' ===
There is a variant of the dish in [[Sakhalin Korean cuisine]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=RBTH |first=Ajay Kamalakaran |date=2016-07-01 |title=Russo-Korean cuisine: 7 delicacies from the Russian Far East |url=https://www.rbth.com/travel/food/2016/07/01/russo-korean-cuisine-7-delicacies-from-the-russian-far-east_607891 |access-date=2023-10-09 |website=Russia Beyond |language=en-US}}</ref> called ''khe''. One reported version of the dish served in the Uzbek Korean restaurant [[Cafe Lily]] in New York City used catfish that was cured in vinegar, then seasoned.''<ref name="nyti_AtCa">{{Cite web |author=Mishan, Ligaya |date=16 February 2017 |title=At Cafe Lily, the Korean-Uzbek Menu Evokes a Past Exodus |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/16/dining/cafe-lily-review-bensonhurst-korean-uzbek.html |access-date=2 January 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>''

== Preparation ==
''Hwareo-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|활어회}}) is prepared by filleting freshly killed fish, while ''seoneo-hoe'' ({{lang|ko|선어회}}) is made with aged fish in a similar way as Japanese ''[[sashimi]]'': removing the blood and innards and aging the fish at a certain temperature before filleting.<ref name="Kim">{{Cite news|url=http://www.seoul.co.kr/news/newsView.php?id=20151026500335|title=[김경운 기자의 맛있는 스토리텔링 15] 선어회와 활어회|last=김|first=경운|date=26 October 2015|work=[[Seoul Shinmun]]|access-date=3 June 2017|language=ko}}</ref><ref name="Chosun">{{Cite news|url=https://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2017/03/13/2017031301574.html|script-title=ko:고기와 생선, 숙성의 맛|date=27 March 2017|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|access-date=3 June 2017|language=ko}}</ref> Fish or seafood ''hoe'' is often served with [[gochujang]]-based dipping sauces, such as ''cho-gochujang'' (chili paste mixed with vinegar) and ''[[ssamjang]]'' (chili paste mixed with soybean paste). Hoe is often eaten wrapped in ''[[ssam]]'' (wrap) vegetables, such as [[lettuce]] and [[Kkaennip|perilla leaves]]. After eating ''hoe'' at a restaurant, ''[[maeun-tang]]'' (spicy fish stew) made with the bones, head, and the remaining meat of the fish, can be served as an add-on dish.

==History==
[[File:Kim.Deuksin-Gangbyeon.hoeeum.jpg|thumb|''Gangbyeon hoeeum'' ({{Literal translation|Eating ''hoe'' at riverside}}) drawn by [[Kim Deuk-sin]] (1754‒1822) depicts Korean people gathered to eat ''saengseon-hoe'' (raw fish dish) after fishing.]]
According to records, ''hoe'' appears to have been eaten from [[Goryeo]] Dynasty (918–1392) at the latest. During the [[Joseon]] period, the state promoted [[Confucianism]], and, as Confucius was known to have enjoyed eating raw meat, ''hoe'' consumption greatly increased.<ref name="Hankyorye">{{cite news|url=https://h21.hani.co.kr/section-021087000/2003/07/021087000200307160468051.html |script-title=ko:공자 사모님 힘드셨겠네 |publisher=[[The Hankyoreh]] |date=2003-07-16 |author=Kim Hak-min (김학민) |language=ko |access-date=2008-08-23}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Korean.cuisine-Hoe-01.jpg|Various ''hoe''
File:Bangeo-hoe.jpg|''Bangeo-hoe'' (raw [[Seriola quinqueradiata|amberjack]])
File:Korean_sea_worm.jpg|''Gaebul-hoe'' (raw [[Urechis unicinctus|fat innkeeper worm]])
File:Godeungeo-hoe.jpg|''Godeungeo-hoe'' (raw [[chub mackerel]])
File:Galchi-hoe.jpg|''Galchi-hoe'' (raw [[largehead hairtail]])
File:Korean.cuisine-Hoe-02.jpg|''Gulhoe'' (raw oysters)
File:Horaegi-hoe.jpg|''Horaegi-hoe'' (raw [[Loliolus|loliolus squid]])
File:Jaridom-hoe.jpg|''Jaridom-hoe'' (raw [[Chromis notata|pearl-spot chromis]])
File:Korean cuisine-Muneohoe-01.jpg|''Muneo-hoe'' (raw [[Enteroctopus dofleini|giant octopus]])
File:Ojingeo-hoe.jpg|''Ojingeo-hoe'' (raw [[Todarodes pacificus|flying squid]])
File:Jeonbok-mulhoe 2.jpg|''Jeonbok-[[mulhoe]]'' (cold raw [[abalone]] soup)
File:Hoe-muchim.jpg|''Hoe-muchim'' (seasoned ''hoe'' salad)
File:Korean.food-Hoe.naengmyeon-01.jpg|''Hoe-[[naengmyeon]]'' (cold noodles with ''hoe'')
File:Hoedeopbap (raw fish rice bowl).jpg|''[[Hoe-deopbap]]'' ([[bibimbap]] with ''hoe'')
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Hoedeopbap]]
*[[Kuai (dish)]]
*[[Maeuntang]]
*[[Namasu]]
*[[Sannakji]]
*[[Sashimi]]
*[[Yusheng]]
*[[Rui-be]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Hoe (food)}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160412073920/http://ics1.mk.co.kr/icsView30.php?community_cd=mm129_v1&no=62&field=&key=&start=30&programCode=417 생선회의 역사와 정보]

{{seafood}}

[[Category:Korean meat dishes]]
[[Category:Korean seafood dishes]]
[[Category:Korean vegetable dishes]]
[[Category:Uncooked fish dishes]]
[[Category:Uncooked meat dishes]]