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{{Short description|Japanese multinational engineering and electronics company}}
{{other uses}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Hitachi, Ltd.
| native_name = 株式会社日立製作所
| romanized_name = Kabushikigaisha Hitachi Seisaku-sho<br />lit. "Share Company Hitachi Manufacturing Plant"
| native_name_lang = ja
| logo = Hitachi 2025 logo.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert
| logo_caption = Hitachi logo used since 2025
| image = Nippon Life Insurance Company,Marunouchi.JPG
| image_size = 250px
| image_caption = Headquarters in [[Marunouchi]], [[Chiyoda, Tokyo]]
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{plainlist|
*{{TYO|6501}}
*{{NAG|6501}}
*[[Nikkei 225]] component (TYO)
*[[TOPIX]] Core30 component (TYO)}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|1910}}<br />[[Hitachi, Ibaraki]], Japan
| founder = [[Namihei Odaira]]
| location_city = [[Marunouchi]], [[Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo]]
| location_country = Japan
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = Toshiaki Higashihara<br />{{small|(Executive Chairman)}}<br />Toshiaki Tokunaga<br />{{small|(President and CEO)}}
| revenue = {{increase}} {{JPYConvert|10264410|m}} (2021)<ref name="10K">{{cite web|url=https://www.hitachi.com/IR-e/library/integrated/2021/ar2021e.pdf|title=Hitachi Financial Statements|publisher=Hitachi|access-date=2023-02-09|archive-date=2023-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209214501/https://www.hitachi.com/IR-e/library/integrated/2021/ar2021e.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{JPYConvert|738235|m}} (2021)<ref name=10K />
| net_income = {{increase}} {{JPYConvert|582235|m}} (2021)<ref name=10K />
| assets = {{increase}} {{JPYConvert|13887410|m}} (2021)<ref name=10K />
| equity = {{increase}} {{JPYConvert|4341410|m}} (2021)<ref name=10K />
| num_employees = 268,655 {{small|(as of June 2024)}}
| industry = [[Conglomerate (company)|Conglomerate]]
| products = {{hlist |[[Transformer]]|[[Electronics]]|[[Robotics]]|[[Artificial Intelligence]]|[[Automation]]|[[Industrial machinery]]||[[Power plant]]s|[[Electrical substation]]s|[[Information system]]|[[Materials]]|[[Auto part]]s|[[Rolling stock]]||[[Elevators]] / [[escalators]]|[[Military technology|Defense technology]]|[[Heavy equipment]]|[[Supercomputer]]s<ref>{{cite web |title=Super Technical Server HITACHI SR24000 |url=http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Prod/comp/hpc/SR_series/sr24000/index_en.html |website=www.hitachi.co.jp |access-date=2020-04-09 |archive-date=2020-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117225018/http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Prod/comp/hpc/SR_series/sr24000/index_en.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=SR24000：技術計算向けサーバ：日立 |url=http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Prod/comp/hpc/SR_series/sr24000/index.html |website=www.hitachi.co.jp |language=ja |access-date=2020-04-09 |archive-date=2021-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821124003/https://www.hitachi.co.jp/Prod/comp/hpc/SR_series/sr24000/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>|[[Semiconductor equipment sales leaders by year|Semiconductors]]}}
| services = {{hlist |[[Internet of Things|IoT]]|[[Consulting]]|[[Logistics]]}}
{{hidden|Former|[[Financial service]]s}}
| homepage = {{url|https://www.hitachi.com/|hitachi.com}}
}}

{{Nihongo foot|'''Hitachi, Ltd.'''|株式会社日立製作所|[[Kabushiki gaisha]] Hitachi Sēsakusho||group=nb}} ({{IPA|ja|çi̥taꜜtɕi}}) is a Japanese [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] founded in 1910 and headquartered in [[Chiyoda, Tokyo]]. The company is active in various industries, including digital systems, power and [[renewable energy]], railway systems, [[Health care|healthcare products]], and [[Financial system|financial systems]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Products & Solutions : Hitachi Global |url=https://www.hitachi.com/businesses/index.html |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=www.hitachi.com}}</ref> The company was founded as an electrical machinery manufacturing subsidiary of the Kuhara Mining Plant in [[Hitachi, Ibaraki]] by engineer [[Namihei Odaira]] in 1910. It began operating as an independent company under its current name in 1920.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Story : Hitachi Origin Story: Hitachi Global |url=https://www.hitachi.com/corporate/origin/story.html |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=www.hitachi.com}}</ref>

Hitachi is listed on the [[Tokyo Stock Exchange]] and is a key component of the [[Nikkei 225]] and TOPIX Core30 indices. As of June 2024, it has a market capitalisation of 16.9 trillion yen, making it the fourth largest Japanese company by market value.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Hitachi overtakes Sony as the fourth largest company by market cap |url=https://www.nikkei.com/nkd/company/article/?ng=DGKKZO81707700X20C24A6TB1000&scode=6501 |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=[[The Nikkei]] |language=ja}}</ref> In terms of global recognition, Hitachi was ranked 38th in the 2012 [[Fortune Global 500]] and 129th in the 2012 [[Forbes Global 2000]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Global 500 2014|url = https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2012/full_list/|access-date = 2015-04-29|archive-date = 2020-11-25|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201125024633/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2012/full_list/|url-status = live}}</ref> Hitachi is a highly globalised conglomerate. In the fiscal year 2023, it generated approximately 61% of its total revenue of 9.7 trillion yen from international markets. The major contributors to this global revenue were [[Asia]], [[Europe]], and [[North America]], with each region accounting for 22%, 16%, and 16% of the total revenue, respectively.<ref>[https://www.hitachi.com/New/cnews/month/2024/04/240426/2023_An.pdf Hitachi Announces Consolidated Financial Results for Fiscal 2023]. ''hitachi.com.'' Retrieved 23 December 2024</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hitachi.com/IR-e/library/fr/index.html#Documents2024 | title=Financial Results : Investor Relations : Hitachi Global }}</ref>

== Overview ==
[[File:Namihei Odaira Portrait c1910.png|left|thumb|[[Namihei Odaira]], the founder of Hitachi]]
Hitachi's mission is to 'contribute to society through the development of superior, original technology and products'.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Hitachi Group Identity : Hitachi Global |url=https://www.hitachi.com/corporate/about/identity/details.html#:~:text=The%20Hitachi%20Group%20aims%20to%20help%20create%20a%20society%20that,by%20%22Inspiring%20the%20World%22. |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=www.hitachi.com}}</ref> All 12 CEOs the company has had, including founder Odaira, have engineering backgrounds, with eight of them, including Odaira, being alumni of the [[University of Tokyo]]'s Faculty of Engineering.<ref>{{Cite web |last=日経ビジネス電子版 |title=日本製鉄を率いる"異例"の社長、相次ぎ揺らぐ「東大閥」 |url=https://business.nikkei.com/atcl/NBD/19/depth/00009/ |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=日経ビジネス電子版 |date=16 January 2019 |language=ja}}</ref>

Historically a large conglomerate active in various fields, including [[electric generator]]s, [[consumer electronics]], [[train]]s, [[Semiconductor|semiconductors]], [[computer]]s, and [[nuclear reactor]]s, Hitachi recorded a record loss of 787.3 billion yen in the aftermath of the [[2008 financial crisis]]. The company sold numerous unprofitable operations and ventured into new areas such as digital systems and renewable energy. As a result of these moves, Hitachi returned to profitability by March 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Story：Hitachi Origin Story：日立 |url=https://www.hitachi.co.jp/about/origin/story.html?e=2008 |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=www.hitachi.co.jp}}</ref>

Today, Hitachi's corporate activities are organised into three large sections: Digital Systems and Services, Green Energy and Mobility, and Connective Industries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Products & Solutions : Hitachi Global |url=https://www-hitachi-com.itdweb.ext.hitachi.co.jp/businesses/index.html |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=www-hitachi-com.itdweb.ext.hitachi.co.jp}}</ref>

=== Logos and symbols ===
[[File:Hitachi Logo with symbol.svg|thumb|1968–1992 Hitachi logo with the corporate symbol on the left|alt=Former Hitachi logo (1968–1992).|left]]
[[File:Hitachi's tree (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|The Hitachi Tree at [[Moanalua Gardens]]]]
Hitachi has been using a monogram of the two Kanji characters that make up the word 'Hitachi' (日立) as its [[Mon (emblem)|corporate symbol (''monshō'')]]. Conceived by Namihei Odaira,<ref>{{Cite web |title=日立 - デジタル事業さんの投稿 |trans-title=Hitachi Digital's post |url=https://www.facebook.com/hitachi.it/posts/%E4%BA%80%E3%81%AE%E7%94%B2%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%88%E3%81%B0%E6%97%A5%E7%AB%8B%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E4%BB%8A%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82%E5%81%A5%E5%9C%A8%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E5%89%B5%E6%A5%AD%E8%80%85%E5%B0%8F%E5%B9%B3-%E6%B5%AA%E5%B9%B3%E3%81%8C%E7%AB%8B%E6%B4%BE%E3%81%AA%E8%A3%BD%E5%93%81%E3%82%92%E4%BD%9C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E4%BA%BA%E3%80%85%E3%81%AE%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E3%82%92%E5%BE%97%E3%82%8B%E3%81%9F%E3%82%81%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AF%E7%8B%AC%E8%87%AA%E3%81%AE%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%81%8C%E5%BF%85%E8%A6%81%E3%81%A8%E8%80%83%E3%81%88%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE%E8%A8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E5%89%8D%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E6%A4%9C%E8%A8%8E%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F%E6%97%A5%E7%AB%8B%E3%83%9E/1039574289437492/?locale=ja_JP |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624233605/https://www.facebook.com/hitachi.it/posts/%E4%BA%80%E3%81%AE%E7%94%B2%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%88%E3%81%B0%E6%97%A5%E7%AB%8B%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E4%BB%8A%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82%E5%81%A5%E5%9C%A8%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E5%89%B5%E6%A5%AD%E8%80%85%E5%B0%8F%E5%B9%B3-%E6%B5%AA%E5%B9%B3%E3%81%8C%E7%AB%8B%E6%B4%BE%E3%81%AA%E8%A3%BD%E5%93%81%E3%82%92%E4%BD%9C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E4%BA%BA%E3%80%85%E3%81%AE%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E3%82%92%E5%BE%97%E3%82%8B%E3%81%9F%E3%82%81%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AF%E7%8B%AC%E8%87%AA%E3%81%AE%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%81%8C%E5%BF%85%E8%A6%81%E3%81%A8%E8%80%83%E3%81%88%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE%E8%A8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E5%89%8D%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E6%A4%9C%E8%A8%8E%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F%E6%97%A5%E7%AB%8B%E3%83%9E/1039574289437492/?locale=ja_JP |archive-date=2024-06-24 |access-date=2025-01-29 |website=www.facebook.com |language=ja |url-status=live }}</ref> this symbol appeared on most of Hitachi's products until 1991. In 2000, Hitachi adopted the [[advertising slogan]] 'Inspire the Next',<ref>{{Cite web |title=HITACHI [Inspire the Next] |url=https://www.hitachi.com/ad-e/ |access-date=2025-01-29 |website=www.hitachi.com}}</ref> and the corporate logo was gradually phased out as this statement was incorporated into the branding. However, the symbol is still used to represent the company rather than its products or services, such as in the favicon of its official website.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hitachi Global |url=https://www.hitachi.com/ |access-date=2025-01-29 |website=www.hitachi.com}}</ref>

Since 1975, Hitachi has been using images of a 130-year-old ''[[Samanea saman]]'' tree, known as the Hitachi Tree (''hitachi no ki''), located at [[Moanalua Gardens]], Hawaii, in most of its television commercials as a symbol of the conglomerate. The advert song introduced alongside the tree is also called ''Hitachi no Ki'', or ''Konoki Nanno Ki'' ({{lit|What tree is this?}}), after the song's opening lyrics. Three other trees have briefly represented the company, but since 1984, the current tree has been designated as the Hitachi Tree.<ref>{{Cite web |title=歴代の日立の樹：日立の樹オンライン |url=https://www.hitachinoki.net/profile/history.html |access-date=2025-01-29 |website=www.hitachinoki.net}}</ref> In 2016, it was reported that the company spends around 50 million yen annually on its maintenance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-08 |title=「この木なんの木」維持費は年間5000万円 「ふしぎ発見！」草野氏が明かす |url=https://www.j-cast.com/2016/11/08282766.html?p=all |access-date=2025-01-29 |website=J-CAST ニュース |language=ja}}</ref>

== History ==
=== Founding (1910–1945) ===
[[File:Guei-Shan Hydropower Plant01.jpg|thumb|Two Hitachi [[water turbine]]s, built in 1939, still in use in [[Taiwan]]. Motors and generators were among Hitachi's earliest products.]]
Founded in 1910 in Ibaraki Prefecture by electrical engineer Namihei Odaira, Hitachi's first product was a 4-kilowatt induction motor, designed for copper mining.<ref>{{cite web |title=Little Known Facts About Hitachi |url=http://us.hitachi-solutions.com/miraibio/blog/little-known-facts-about-hitachi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120454/http://us.hitachi-solutions.com/miraibio/blog/little-known-facts-about-hitachi |archive-date=26 August 2014 |access-date=8 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hitachi SuccessStory |url=https://successstory.com/companies/hitachi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310182637/http://successstory.com/companies/hitachi |archive-date=10 March 2016 |access-date=10 December 2020 |website=SuccessStory}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010-06-29 |title=History (1910–1959) : Hitachi Global |url=http://hitachi.com/about/corporate/history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919082454/http://www.hitachi.com/about/corporate/history/ |archive-date=2020-09-19 |access-date=2013-01-07 |publisher=Hitachi.com}}</ref> Originally an in-house venture of [[Fusanosuke Kuhara]]'s mining company, Hitachi became independent in 1911 and moved its headquarters to Tokyo in 1918. The company's name 'Hitachi', combining the kanji for 'sun' (日, '''''hi''''') and 'rise' (立, '''''tachi'''''), was coined by Odaira.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Francis McInerney |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ql9Sri-LbisC |title=The Total Quality Corporation |author2=Sean White |publisher=North River Ventures |year=1995 |isbn=9780525939283 |page=95 |access-date=2020-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701115031/https://books.google.com/books?id=ql9Sri-LbisC |archive-date=2023-07-01 |url-status=live}}</ref> While industrial machinery in Japan was usually powered by steam at the time, Odaira built water power stations in the mine and electrified almost all facilities in the factory. The company developed various electrical equipment later in its history. In 1924, Hitachi completed Japan's first mainline electric locomotive ([[JNR Class ED15]]). In 1932, the company started manufacturing elevators and electric refrigerators.<ref>{{Cite web |title=沿革：1910～1960：日立 |url=https://www.hitachi.co.jp/about/corporate/history/1910.html |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=www.hitachi.co.jp}}</ref>

The company also manufactured parts for the [[Imperial Japanese Armed Forces]], such as the [[Hitachi Hatsukaze]] plane engine (produced from 1929 until the end of [[World War II]]) for both the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] and [[Imperial Japanese Navy]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hitachi Hatsukaze 11, Ha 11 Model 11, Inverted In-line 4 Engine {{!}} National Air and Space Museum|url=https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/hitachi-hatsukaze-11-ha-11-model-11-inverted-line-4-engine/nasm_A19480175000|website=airandspace.si.edu|access-date=2025-12-02}}</ref>

=== Post-war reconstruction and expansion (1945–1990) ===
[[File:MARS1(1).jpg|thumb|MARS-1 central computer preserved at the [[Railway Museum (Saitama)|Railway Museum]]]]World War II and its aftermath significantly impacted Hitachi, leading to the destruction of factories, post-war internal discord, and the removal of founder Namihei Odaira by the [[Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers|Allied occupation forces]]. Hitachi went public in 1949, listing on the [[Tokyo Stock Exchange|Tokyo Exchange]] (TYO:6501). Odaira returned to the company in 1951 when the [[Purge (occupied Japan)|purge of key pre-war Japanese figures]] ended. However, he died in October of the same year at age 77.


In 1949, Hitachi built its first power shovel, marking the start of what is now [[Hitachi Construction Machinery]]. In 1960, Hitachi developed the world's first electric train seat reservation system, [[MARS (ticket reservation system)|MARS-1]], for [[Japanese National Railways]] (JNR), allowing nationwide booking for express train seats.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History (1910-1960) : Hitachi Global |url=https://www.hitachi.com/corporate/about/history/1910.html |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=www.hitachi.com}}</ref> Around the same time, Hitachi began expanding its business overseas, with the establishment of Hitachi America, Ltd. 1959. In 1961, Hitachi began selling fully-automated washing machines and completed its first experimental nuclear reactor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History (1961-1980) : Hitachi Global |url=https://www.hitachi.com/corporate/about/history/1961.html |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=www.hitachi.com}}</ref>[[File:JR tokai shinkansen 0kei.jpg|thumb|Hitachi played a crucial role in the development of the Shinkansen.]]In 1964, the world's first high-speed railway line, the [[Shinkansen]], opened. Hitachi not only built the [[0 Series Shinkansen|Series 0 rolling stock]] but also played a crucial part in developing the [[Automatic train control|Automatic Train Control]] system (ATC) and the {{Ill|Computer Aided Traffic Control System|lt=Computer-Aided Traffic Control System|ja|新幹線運行管理システム}} (COMTRAC). COMTRAC was the first {{Ill|Programmed Traffic Control|ja|列車運行管理システム}} (PTC) system, a [[Real-time computing|real-time]] [[Automation|automatic]] [[control system]] to control rail transport, which was installed on JNR's [[Tokaido Shinkansen]] and [[San'yō Shinkansen|Sanyo Shinkansen]] lines simultaneously with the extension from [[Shin-Ōsaka Station|Shin-Osaka Station]] to [[Okayama Station]] in 1972.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Shinkansen Traffic Management Systems : Railway Transportation Solutions : Hitachi |url=https://www.hitachi.com/products/it/control_sys/railway_solution/safety_transport/shinkansen.html |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=www.hitachi.com}}</ref> In 1977, Hitachi completed the world's first fully [[MOX fuel|MOX]]-fuelled nuclear power station, [[Fugen Nuclear Power Plant|Fugen]]. MOX was seen as an efficient way of utilising [[plutonium]] from nuclear waste, which would otherwise have to be stored in security to ensure that it is not used to build nuclear weapons.

In 1978, Hitachi's Twin-Well Hi-[[CMOS]] process ushered in a new era in the global [[semiconductor industry]]. For instance, the Hitachi HM6147 chip, developed by a Hitachi team led by Toshiaki Masuhara, was able to match the Intel's flagship 2147 HMOS's performance with 87 per cent less power.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102738173 |title=Masuhara, Toshiaki oral history |date=2016-06-21 |publisher=Computer History Museum |others=Doug Fairbairn, Toshiaki Masuhara |location=Tokyo, Japan}}</ref> Until the early 1980s, American semiconductor producers were focusing on the development and production of [[NMOS logic|NMOS]] transistors, with which they dominated the global market, while Hitachi invested heavily in developing efficient CMOS transistors. This success led to the world's three largest manufacturers by revenue all being Japanese companies by 1987, amongst which Hitachi was counted.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SHMJ {{!}} 80s Trends in the Semiconductor Industry |url=https://www.shmj.or.jp/english/trends/trd80s.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=www.shmj.or.jp}}</ref> Hitachi Europe, Ltd. was established in 1982.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History (1981-2000) : Hitachi Global |url=https://www.hitachi.com/corporate/about/history/1981.html |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=www.hitachi.com}}</ref>

In 1989, Hitachi Research Lab engineers performed the famous two-slit experiment using their new electron-transmitting display technology, with the goal to see what happens when individual electrons pass through a double-slit, one at a time — testing whether interference (a wave behavior) still appears even when there are no pairs of electrons to “interfere” with each other. What they saw at first, showed random dots on the screen, one by one. However, over time — as more electrons were fired — a pattern of alternating bright and dark bands appeared. This was the same interference pattern seen in [[Double-slit_experiment|Young’s light experiment]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The double-slit experiment with single electrons |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2058-7058/16/5/24 |access-date=2025-10-09 | website=iopscience.iop.org/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Double-slit experiment : Quantum Measurement |url=https://www.hitachi.com/rd/research/materials/quantum/doubleslit/index.html |access-date=2025-10-09 | website=hitachi.com}}</ref>

=== 2000s ===
[[File:Ainokaze Toyama Railway uozu station Suica.JPG|thumb|Hitachi played a central role in the development of [[Suica]].]]
In 2001, the contactless fare card system [[Suica]] was introduced at 424 [[East Japan Railway Company|JR East]] stations throughout the Greater Tokyo Area. While the card itself was developed using [[Sony]]'s [[FeliCa]] system, Hitachi was responsible for building the server-side system.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ltd |first=Hitachi |title=世界に広がる日立の鉄道事業とその開発戦略：日立評論 |url=https://www.hitachihyoron.com/jp/archive/2020s/2020/04/04a01/index.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=www.hitachihyoron.com |language=ja}}</ref> Other contactless fare card systems such as [[ICOCA]] and [[Pasmo|PASMO]] have been introduced throughout the country since, almost all of which are modelled after Suica and thus mutually compatible. It is now widely used as a contactless payment system in non-railway business as well, and Hitachi has been involved in the series of developments in this area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ICカード乗車券システム：社会インフラITシステム：日立 |url=https://www.hitachi.co.jp/products/it/society/product_solution/mobility/smart_card/index.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=www.hitachi.co.jp}}</ref> At the [[CES 2007]], Hitachi revealed the first consumer HDD with a storage of 1 TB,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grabham |first=Dan |date=2007-01-07 |title=CES 2007: World's first 1TB hard drive |url=https://www.techradar.com/news/digital-home/home-networking/ces-2007-world-s-first-1tb-hard-drive-148723 |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=TechRadar |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216095337/https://www.techradar.com/news/digital-home/home-networking/ces-2007-world-s-first-1tb-hard-drive-148723 |url-status=live }}</ref> which was released in the same year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First terabyte hard drive |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/first-terabyte-hard-drive |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=Guinness World Records |language=en-gb |archive-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216100839/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/first-terabyte-hard-drive |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Hitachi Group Pavilion.jpg|thumb|Hitachi Pavilion at [[Expo 2005|EXPO 2005]]]]
In the 2008 [[fiscal year]], Hitachi lost US$7.8 billion, the largest corporate loss in Japanese history up to that point.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hitachi-restructuring-idUSTRE50T2F920090130|title=Hitachi warns of $7.8 billion loss, to restructure|newspaper=Reuters|date=January 30, 2009|via=www.reuters.com|access-date=December 26, 2019|archive-date=May 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507005004/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hitachi-restructuring-idUSTRE50T2F920090130|url-status=live}}</ref> Since its zenith in the 1980s and 1990s, a number of departments had suffered a decline in efficiency. However, being one of the largest conglomerates in the world at the time, conflicts of interest existed across the company, making it difficult to implement fundamental solutions. These delays in essential reforms proved detrimental when facing the [[2008 financial crisis]] and led to the record loss.<ref>{{Cite web |title=全社員に「自分が責任を取る」精神で日立はV字回復 ｜法人のお客さま｜NTT東日本 |url=https://business.ntt-east.co.jp/bizdrive/column/dr00029-056.html |access-date=2024-07-14 |website=NTT東日本 法人のお客さま |language=ja}}</ref> This prompted Hitachi to restructure and sell a number of divisions and businesses under the leadership of [[Takashi Kawamura (businessman)|Takashi Kawamura]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Picks/Japan-Update/Hitachi-forecasts-record-profit-as-restructuring-pays-off|title=Hitachi forecasts record profit as restructuring pays off|website=Nikkei Asian Review|access-date=2019-12-26|archive-date=2021-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101234308/https://asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Picks/Japan-Update/Hitachi-forecasts-record-profit-as-restructuring-pays-off|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303630404577389840792383050|title=Hitachi President Prods Turnaround|first=Daisuke|last=Wakabayashi|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date=May 11, 2012|via=www.wsj.com|access-date=December 26, 2019|archive-date=July 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728052327/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303630404577389840792383050|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis|title=Hitachi, the largest Japanese conglomerate, and its transformation in the innovation era|first=Masami|last=Omuro|date=December 26, 2018|publisher = Massachusetts Institute of Technology|hdl = 1721.1/117988|type = Thesis}}</ref> From 2008 to 2018, Hitachi reduced the number of its listed group companies and consolidated subsidiaries in Japan from 22 to 4 and around 400 to 202, respectively, through restructuring and sell-offs. It plans to become a company specializing in IT and infrastructure maintenance in the near future.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Lewis |first1=Leo |date=8 October 2019 |title=Governance reboot keeps Hitachi in the spotlight |url=https://www.ft.com/content/9061ef70-e8ca-11e9-85f4-d00e5018f061 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/9061ef70-e8ca-11e9-85f4-d00e5018f061 |archive-date=2022-12-10 |access-date=2020-07-17 |newspaper=Financial Times}}</ref>

=== 2010s ===
[[File:New_trains_outside_Hitachi's_Newton_Aycliffe_facility.jpg|thumb|New trains outside [[Hitachi Newton Aycliffe|Hitachi's Newton Aycliffe facility]]; Class 385s and Class 800/3s are in the yard.]]
In March 2011, Hitachi agreed to sell its [[hard disk drive]] subsidiary, [[HGST]], to [[Western Digital]] for a combination of cash and shares worth US$4.3&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2381551,00.asp|title=WD to Buy Hitachi's Drive Business for $4.3 Billion|access-date=11 November 2012|publisher=[[PCMag|PC Magazine]]|date=7 March 2011|archive-date=2 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102002701/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/wd-to-buy-hitachis-drive-business-for-43-billion-261518|url-status=live}}</ref> Due to concerns of a duopoly of WD and [[Seagate Technology]] by the EU Commission and the [[Federal Trade Commission]], Hitachi's 3.5" HDD division was sold to [[Toshiba]]. The transaction was completed in March 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.networkworld.com/article/2186667/data-center/western-digital-closes-hitachi-gst-acquisition--to-operate-separate-subsidiaries.html|title=Western Digital Closes Hitachi GST Acquisition, to Operate Separate Subsidiaries|access-date=2014-09-01|publisher=Network World|date=2012-03-09|archive-date=2020-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514154534/https://www.networkworld.com/article/2186667/western-digital-closes-hitachi-gst-acquisition--to-operate-separate-subsidiaries.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In January 2012, Hitachi announced it would stop producing televisions in Japan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.techradar.com/news/television/hitachi-to-stop-making-tvs-in-2012-1056785|title=Hitachi to stop making TVs in 2012|last=Television|first=Marc Chacksfield 2012-01-23T13:26:00 22Z|website=TechRadar|date=23 January 2012|language=EN-GB|access-date=2019-01-15|archive-date=2021-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101235644/https://www.techradar.com/news/television/hitachi-to-stop-making-tvs-in-2012-1056785|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2012, Hitachi announced that it had invented a long-term data storage made out of [[Fused quartz|quartz glass]] that was capable of preserving information for millions of years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/9/27/3417918/hitachi-quartz-glass-data-preservation|title=Hitachi invents quartz glass storage capable of preserving data for millions of years|last=Welch|first=Chris|date=2012-09-27|website=The Verge|access-date=2019-01-15|archive-date=2020-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112013036/http://www.theverge.com/2012/9/27/3417918/hitachi-quartz-glass-data-preservation|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2012, Hitachi agreed to acquire the United Kingdom-based nuclear energy company [[Horizon Nuclear Power]], which plans to construct up to six nuclear power plants in the UK, from [[E.ON]] and [[RWE]] for £700&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-20134735|title=Hitachi buys UK nuclear project from E.On and RWE|access-date=30 October 2012|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=30 October 2012|archive-date=2 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102002213/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-20134735|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-horizon-hitachi-idUKBRE89T0B420121030|title=Hitachi wins bid to build up to six UK nuclear plants|access-date=30 October 2012|publisher=Reuters|date=30 October 2012|archive-date=6 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306151806/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-horizon-hitachi-idUKBRE89T0B420121030|url-status=dead}}</ref> In November 2012, Hitachi and [[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries]] agreed to merge their thermal power generation businesses into a joint venture to be owned 65% by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and 35% by Hitachi.<ref name="bbc301112">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-20551428|title=Hitachi and Mitsubishi Heavy shares rise after merger|access-date=2 December 2012|publisher=BBC News|date=30 November 2012|archive-date=1 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101225338/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-20551428|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="jt301112">{{cite news|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nb20121130n2.html|title=MHI, Hitachi plan to merge thermal power units to boost overseas sales|access-date=2 December 2012|publisher=The Japan Times|date=30 November 2012|archive-date=10 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510160835/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nb20121130n2.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The joint venture named Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems (MHPS) began operations in February 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitachi.com/New/cnews/140128b.html|title=News Releases|access-date=8 October 2014|archive-date=2 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102003609/http://www.hitachi.com/New/cnews/140128b.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020 Hitachi transferred its share of the venture to MHI.<ref name="HitachiExit">{{Cite web|date=2020-04-27|title=MHPS changing name as Mitsubishi, Hitachi part ways in joint venture|url=https://www.power-eng.com/2020/04/27/mhps-changing-name-as-mitsubishi-hitachi-part-ways-in-joint-venture/|access-date=2020-07-20|website=Power Engineering|language=en-US}}</ref>

In October 2015, Hitachi completed a deal with [[Johnson Controls]] to form a joint venture that would take over Hitachi's HVAC business. Hitachi maintained a 40% stake in the resulting company, Johnson Controls-Hitachi Air Conditioning.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/milwaukee/news/2014/03/03/an-inside-look-at-johnson-controls.html|title=An inside look at Johnson Controls joint venture with Hitachi|last=Lockwood|first=Denise|date=3 March 2014|access-date=16 April 2019|archive-date=6 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506172354/https://www.bizjournals.com/milwaukee/news/2014/03/03/an-inside-look-at-johnson-controls.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2016, Hitachi announced it was investing $2.8&nbsp;billion into its [[Internet of things|IoT]] interests.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://readwrite.com/2016/05/11/hitachi-invest-2-8b-iot-launches-new-iot-unit-platform-pl4/|title=Hitachi to invest $2.8B in IoT: launches new unit and platform|date=2016-05-11|website=ReadWrite|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-15|archive-date=2020-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108092000/https://readwrite.com/2016/05/11/hitachi-invest-2-8b-iot-launches-new-iot-unit-platform-pl4/|url-status=usurped}}</ref> [[Hitachi Rail|Hitachi’s rail business in Europe]], especially in the United Kingdom, expanded in the 2010s, with [[Hitachi Newton Aycliffe]] starting operations in October 2015.

Following the [[Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster]] in 2011 and the extended temporary closure of most Japanese nuclear plants, Hitachi's nuclear business became unprofitable and in 2016 Hitachi CEO Toshiaki Higashihara argued Japan should consider a merger of the various competing nuclear businesses.<ref name="nei-20161109">{{cite news|date=9 November 2016|title=Japan's nuclear companies look to restructuring|publisher=Nuclear Engineering International|url=http://www.neimagazine.com/news/newsjapans-nuclear-companies-look-to-restructuring-5663580|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-date=22 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922004009/https://www.neimagazine.com/news/newsjapans-nuclear-companies-look-to-restructuring-5663580|url-status=live}}</ref> Hitachi is taking for 2016 an estimated ¥65&nbsp;billion write-off in value of a [[SILEX]] technology laser [[uranium enrichment]] joint venture with [[General Electric]].<ref name="power-20160601">{{cite news|last=Patel|first=Sonal|date=1 June 2016|title=GE-Hitachi Exits Nuclear Laser-Based Enrichment Venture|newspaper=POWER|url=http://www.powermag.com/ge-hitachi-exits-nuclear-laser-based-enrichment-venture/|access-date=1 April 2017|archive-date=23 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923000919/https://www.powermag.com/ge-hitachi-exits-nuclear-laser-based-enrichment-venture/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="jt-20170331">{{cite news|last=Yasuhara|first=Akiko|date=31 March 2017|title=Toshiba's U.S. unit bankruptcy dims Japan's nuclear ambitions|newspaper=The Japan Times|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/03/31/business/corporate-business/toshibas-u-s-unit-bankruptcy-dims-japans-nuclear-ambitions/|access-date=1 April 2017|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112021435/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/03/31/business/corporate-business/toshibas-u-s-unit-bankruptcy-dims-japans-nuclear-ambitions/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2017, Hitachi and [[Honda]] announced a partnership to develop, produce and sell motors for electric vehicles.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-honda-strategy-hitachi-idUSKBN15M0HR|title=Honda, Hitachi Automotive to form EV motor joint venture|date=2017-02-07|work=Reuters|access-date=2019-01-15|language=en|archive-date=2020-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117201951/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-honda-strategy-hitachi-idUSKBN15M0HR|url-status=live}}</ref> Also in 2017, private equity firm [[Kohlberg Kravis Roberts|KKR]] bought Hitachi Kokusai's (itself a subsidiary of Hitachi) semiconductor equipment division, becoming [[Kokusai Electric]]. In 2019, [[Applied Materials]] announced that it would acquire Kokusai Electric from KKR for US$2.2&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Business-deals/Exclusive-Applied-Materials-to-buy-KKR-s-Kokusai-Electric-for-2.2bn|title=Exclusive: Applied Materials to buy KKR's Kokusai Electric for $2.2bn|website=Nikkei Asian Review|access-date=2019-12-19|archive-date=2020-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108122541/https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Business-deals/Exclusive-Applied-Materials-to-buy-KKR-s-Kokusai-Electric-for-2.2bn|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.appliedmaterials.com/company/news/press-releases/2019/07/applied-materials-to-acquire-kokusai-electric|title=Applied Materials to Acquire Kokusai Electric &#124; Applied Materials|website=www.appliedmaterials.com|access-date=2019-12-19|archive-date=2021-01-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102044910/https://www.appliedmaterials.com/company/news/press-releases/2019/07/applied-materials-to-acquire-kokusai-electric|url-status=live}}</ref> The deal was later terminated in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Applied Materials Announces Termination of Kokusai Electric Acquisition Agreement {{!}} Applied Materials |url=https://www.appliedmaterials.com/company/news/press-releases/2021/03/applied-materials-announces-termination-of-kokusai-electric-acquisition-agreement |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=www.appliedmaterials.com |archive-date=2022-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307193932/https://www.appliedmaterials.com/company/news/press-releases/2021/03/applied-materials-announces-termination-of-kokusai-electric-acquisition-agreement |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2017, KKR also bought Hitachi's power tools subsidiary Hitachi Koki for US$1.3 billion, changing its name to Koki Holdings (HiKOKI) and marketing its tools as Metabo HPT in the US market.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-13 |title=KKR to buy Hitachi's power tools unit for $1.3 billion |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hitachi-koki-m-a-kkr-idUSKBN14X0JH |access-date=2023-11-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hitachi Power Tools is Changing Their Name to Metabo—But Metabo's Tools Will Still Be Different |url=https://www.core77.com/posts/80207/Hitachi-Power-Tools-is-Changing-Their-Name-to-Metabo%E2%80%94But-Metabos-Tools-Will-Still-Be-Different |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Core77 |language=en}}</ref> In 2018, Hitachi stopped selling televisions in Japan because its market share had dropped to 1%, opting to sell Sony TVs through its existing dealer network.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Hitachi-ends-6-decade-run-on-TVs-in-shift-to-internet-of-things|title=Hitachi ends 6-decade run on TVS in shift to 'internet of things'|access-date=2021-01-04|archive-date=2021-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227014107/https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Hitachi-ends-6-decade-run-on-TVs-in-shift-to-internet-of-things|url-status=live}}</ref> On March 14, 2018, [[Zoomdata]] announced its partnership with Hitachi INS Software to help develop big data analytics market in Japan.<ref>GlobeNewsWire. "[https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2018/03/14/1422167/0/en/Hitachi-INS-Software-and-Zoomdata-Partner-to-Develop-Big-Data-Analytics-Market-in-Japan.html Hitachi INS Software and Zoomdata Partner to Develop Big Data Analytics Market in Japan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109035216/http://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2018/03/14/1422167/0/en/Hitachi-INS-Software-and-Zoomdata-Partner-to-Develop-Big-Data-Analytics-Market-in-Japan.html |date=2020-11-09 }}." March 14, 2018. Retrieved March 16, 2018.</ref>

In December 2018, Hitachi Ltd. announced it would take over 80% of [[ABB]]'s power grid division for $6.4&nbsp;billion<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-12-17|title=Hitachi to Buy ABB's Power Grids Business for $6.4 Billion|language=en|work=Bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-12-17/hitachi-to-acquire-abb-s-power-grids-unit-valued-at-11-billion|access-date=2020-09-06|archive-date=2020-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130132131/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-12-17/hitachi-to-acquire-abb-s-power-grids-unit-valued-at-11-billion|url-status=live}}</ref> renaming it Hitachi-ABB Power Grids in the process.<ref>{{cite web |title=ABB completes divestment of Power Grids to Hitachi |url=https://new.abb.com/news/detail/64657/abb-completes-divestment-of-power-grids-to-hitachi |publisher=[[ABB]]|access-date=2021-01-04 |archive-date=2021-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119023242/https://new.abb.com/news/detail/64657/abb-completes-divestment-of-power-grids-to-hitachi |url-status=live }}</ref>  In October{{nbsp}}2021, the enterprise was rebranded [[Hitachi Energy|Hitachi{{nbsp}}Energy]].<ref name="industr-com-2021">{{cite web
 | author = industr.com
 | title = Hitachi ABB Power Grids wird zu Hitachi Energy
 | trans-title = Hitachi ABB Power Grids becomes Hitachi Energy
 | language = German
 | date = 2 July 2021
 | work = Energy{{nbsp}}4.0
 | url = https://www.industr.com/de/hitachi-abb-power-grids-wird-zu-hitachi-energy-2614913
 | access-date = 2022-02-04
 | archive-date = 2022-04-10
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220410073639/https://www.industr.com/de/hitachi-abb-power-grids-wird-zu-hitachi-energy-2614913
 | url-status = live
 }}</ref> In 2019, Hitachi sold its medical imaging business to [[Fujifilm]] for US$1.7&nbsp;billion. [[Showa Denko]] bought [[Hitachi Chemical]] from Hitachi and other shareholders, at US$42.97 per share. Until then, Hitachi Chemical had been considered to be a core unit of the group.<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 19, 2019|title=Hitachi to sell chemical unit and diagnosis imaging equipment business|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/12/19/business/corporate-business/hitachi-to-sell-chemical-and-diagnosis-imaging-equipmt-units/|via=Japan Times Online|access-date=December 26, 2019|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124103253/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/12/19/business/corporate-business/hitachi-to-sell-chemical-and-diagnosis-imaging-equipmt-units/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/04/25/business/corporate-business/hitachi-considers-selling-hitachi-chemical/|title=Hitachi considers selling Hitachi Chemical|date=April 25, 2019|via=Japan Times Online|access-date=December 26, 2019|archive-date=November 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108015832/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/article-expired/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moodys.com/research/Moodys-Hitachis-restructuring-will-boost-cash-holdings-and-sharpen-strategic--PR_415514|title=Moody's: Hitachi's restructuring will boost cash holdings and sharpen strategic focus, a credit positive|date=December 19, 2019|website=Moodys.com|access-date=December 26, 2019|archive-date=May 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506160755/https://www.moodys.com/research/Moodys-Hitachis-restructuring-will-boost-cash-holdings-and-sharpen-strategic--PR_415514|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/bonds/hitachi-ltd-moody-s-hitachi-s-restructuring-will-boost-cash-holdings-and-sharpen-strategic-focus-a-credit-positive-1028774700|title=Hitachi, Ltd. -- Moody's: Hitachi's restructuring will boost cash holdings and sharpen strategic focus, a credit positive &#124; Markets Insider|first=finanzen net|last=GmbH|website=markets.businessinsider.com|access-date=2019-12-26|archive-date=2020-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506155542/https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/bonds/hitachi-ltd-moody-s-hitachi-s-restructuring-will-boost-cash-holdings-and-sharpen-strategic-focus-a-credit-positive-1028774700|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-12-18|title=Fujifilm to buy Hitachi's medical equipment business for $1.7 bln|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/hitachi-ma-fujifilm-idUSL4N28S1F7|access-date=2020-07-25|archive-date=2020-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801082341/https://www.reuters.com/article/hitachi-ma-fujifilm-idUSL4N28S1F7|url-status=live}}</ref> Hitachi also suspended the [[Advanced boiling water reactor|ABWR]] development by its British subsidiary [[Horizon Nuclear Power]] as it did not provide adequate "economic rationality as a private enterprise" to proceed.<ref name="wnn-20190117">{{cite news|date=17 January 2019|title=UK unveils financial terms it offered Hitachi|publisher=World Nuclear News|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/UK-unveils-financial-terms-it-offered-Hitachi|access-date=18 January 2019|archive-date=13 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813171524/https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/UK-unveils-financial-terms-it-offered-Hitachi|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2019, the talks between [[Honda]] and Hitachi to consolidate their four automotive parts businesses, [[Showa Corporation|Showa]], [[Nissin Kogyo|Nissin]] and [[Keihin Corporation|Keihin]] of the former and the latter's Hitachi Automotive Systems, have reportedly begun, resulting in the creation of a "mega supplier" named Hitachi Astemo incorporated in January 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/honda-and-hitachi-to-merge-four-car-parts-makers-yomiuri-says-1.1339709|title=Honda and Hitachi to Merge Four Car Parts Makers, Yomiuri Says – BNN Bloomberg|date=October 29, 2019|website=BNN|access-date=December 26, 2019|archive-date=September 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918212550/https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/honda-and-hitachi-to-merge-four-car-parts-makers-yomiuri-says-1.1339709|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2019-10-30|title=Honda and Hitachi Automotive combine forces for new global mega supplier|url=https://europe.autonews.com/suppliers/honda-and-hitachi-automotive-combine-forces-new-global-mega-supplier|access-date=2020-07-16|website=Automotive News Europe|language=en|archive-date=2020-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810214055/https://europe.autonews.com/suppliers/honda-and-hitachi-automotive-combine-forces-new-global-mega-supplier|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-06|title=Hitachi Astemo|url=https://www.hitachi.eu/en/hitachi-astemo-management-integration|access-date=2021-01-11|website=Hitachi in Europe|language=en|archive-date=2021-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116185042/https://www.hitachi.eu/en/hitachi-astemo-management-integration|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2020s ===
[[File:L0-950.jpg|thumb|L0-950, first [[Maglev]] train manufactured by Hitachi]]
In March 2020, an improved version of the [[L0 Series]] [[SCMaglev]] rolling stock for the [[Chūō Shinkansen|Chuo Shinkansen]] was introduced, marking the first [[Maglev|magnetically levitated train]] manufactured by Hitachi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-19 |title=An improved version of the L0 Series maglev on a test run at 500 km/h with news correspondents onboard |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO65162110Z11C20A0L91000/ |access-date=2024-07-14 |website=[[The Nikkei]] |language=ja}}</ref> In September 2020, Hitachi abandoned plans to create nuclear power plants in Gloucestershire and Wales due to issues with funding due to the impact of [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hitachi scraps UK nuclear power plant plans|url=https://news.sky.com/story/hitachi-scraps-uk-nuclear-power-plant-plans-12073103|access-date=2020-09-16|website=Sky News|language=en|archive-date=2020-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230134742/https://news.sky.com/story/hitachi-scraps-uk-nuclear-power-plant-plans-12073103|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Twidale|first=Makiko Yamazaki, Susanna|date=2020-09-16|title=Hitachi scraps plans for British nuclear plant|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-nuclear-hitachi-idUKKBN26715J|access-date=2020-09-16|archive-date=2020-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920154845/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-nuclear-hitachi-idUKKBN26715J|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the same month, Hitachi Capital agreed to be bought by its second-largest shareholder, business partner, and former rival [[Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group|Mitsubishi UFJ Lease]], which invested in the Hitachi subsidiary in 2016.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2020-09-24|title=Mitsubishi UFJ Lease to buy Hitachi Capital in deal worth $2.8 billion|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/hitachi-capital-m-a-mitsub-ufj-lease-idUSKCN26F0Z3|access-date=2021-01-11|archive-date=2020-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019141315/https://www.reuters.com/article/hitachi-capital-m-a-mitsub-ufj-lease-idUSKCN26F0Z3|url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2020, it announced that Hitachi Metals and [[Hitachi Construction Machinery]], both being some of the last remaining listed subsidiaries, will likely be detached from the group according to the restructuring plan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hitachi to sell metals unit as US investors circle|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Business-deals/Hitachi-to-sell-metals-unit-as-US-investors-circle|access-date=2020-11-23|website=Nikkei Asia|language=en-GB|archive-date=2020-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231082421/https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Business-deals/Hitachi-to-sell-metals-unit-as-US-investors-circle|url-status=live}}</ref> In December, Hitachi sold a 60% stake in its overseas home appliance business to Turkish [[Arçelik|Arcelik]] for US$300 million.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-12-13|title=Hitachi to sell overseas home appliance biz to Turkey's Arcelik -Nikkei|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-japan-hitachi-arcelik-idUSKBN28N03H|access-date=2021-01-11|archive-date=2020-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217041241/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-japan-hitachi-arcelik-idUSKBN28N03H|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2021, it was announced by OPG that they had selected GE-Hitachi to construct two BWRX-300 reactors at the Darlington site in Ontario, Canada. OPG and GE-Hitachi will be collaborating on the design, planning and preparation of license materials for the construction of Canada's first SMR which is planned to enter operation in 2028.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.opg.com/media_releases/opg-advances-clean-energy-generation-project/ |title=OPG advances clean energy generation project |access-date=2022-12-20 |archive-date=2022-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219005423/https://www.opg.com/media_releases/opg-advances-clean-energy-generation-project/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Hitachi, with its focus on energy, information technology, and infrastructure, has seen a significant improvement in profitability since the record loss in 2009. Reflecting this, Hitachi’s market capitalisation has more than octupled since 2010, becoming the fourth largest company in Japan by market capitalisation in June 2024.<ref name=":5" />

In July 2024, [[Bosch (company)|Bosch]] announced the acquisition of the [[Johnson Controls Hitachi|Johnson Controls–Hitachi]] Air Conditioning (JCH) joint venture—comprising [[Johnson Controls]]' 60% and Hitachi’s 40%. The deal, Bosch’s largest-ever acquisition. It includes 16 manufacturing plants and 12 engineering centers across 30+ countries, supporting about 12,000 employees; together with Bosch’s current team, the combined unit will comprise over 26,000 staff. Bosch will continue selling under the Hitachi brands in Asia via long-term licensing and retain manufacturing facilities like the Shimizu plant in Japan under its control. Closing is expected in the next 12 months, pending regulatory approvals, with strategic aims of expanding Bosch’s presence in HVAC globally, especially in the U.S. and Asia, and driving growth through energy-efficient, low-carbon heating and cooling solutions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-23 |title=Bosch acquires residential and light commercial HVAC business from Johnson Controls and Hitachi |url=https://www.bosch-presse.de/pressportal/us/en/press-release-24640.html |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=Bosch Media Service US |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Johnson Controls to Sell Residential and Light Commercial HVAC Businesses |url=https://investors.johnsoncontrols.com/news-and-events/press-releases/johnson-controls-international-plc/2024/07-23-2024-090330304 |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=investors.johnsoncontrols.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hitachi to Announce Capital Reorganization of Air Conditioning Joint Venture |url=https://www.hitachi.com/New/cnews/month/2024/07/240723.html |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=www.hitachi.com}}</ref>

== Businesses ==
Hitachi's corporate activities are organised into three large sections: Digital Systems and Services, Green Energy and Mobility, and Connective Industries.

=== Digital Systems & Services ===
The Digital Systems and Services segment features Lumada, through which the company provides digital solutions to improve business processes and operational efficiency. This segment accounted for 21.9 percent of the total revenue in FY2022.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=決算関連（決算短信・決算説明会）：株主・投資家向け情報：日立 |url=https://www.hitachi.co.jp/IR/library/fr/index.html |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=www.hitachi.co.jp}}</ref>

* [[Internet of things|Internet of Things]]
** Hitachi Lumada<ref>{{Cite web |last=September 2019 |first=18th |title=With Lumada IoT Platform Offerings, Hitachi Connects the Dots |url=https://www.iotworldtoday.com/2019/09/18/with-lumada-iot-platform-offerings-hitachi-connects-the-dots/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216035038/https://www.iotworldtoday.com/2019/09/18/with-lumada-iot-platform-offerings-hitachi-connects-the-dots/ |archive-date=2020-12-16 |access-date=2020-07-25 |website=IoT World Today |language=en-GB}}</ref>

*[[Data storage]] and [[Data analytics|analytics]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Storage Portfolio - Flash and Storage Solutions |url=https://www.hitachivantara.com/en-us/products/storage.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125214020/https://www.hitachivantara.com/en-us/products/storage.html |archive-date=2020-11-25 |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=www.hitachivantara.com |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Virtual Storage Platform]]
** [[Optical disc drive]]s – jointly with [[LG Corporation|LG]] as [[Hitachi-LG Data Storage]]
* [[Hitachi VOS3|VOS3]] [[Mainframe computer]] [[operating system]]<ref name="MainframeHitachi">{{Cite web |title=Hitachi exits mainframe hardware but will collab with IBM on z Systems |url=https://www.theregister.com/2017/05/24/hitachi_exits_mainframe_hardware/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029085649/https://www.theregister.com/2017/05/24/hitachi_exits_mainframe_hardware |archive-date=2020-10-29 |access-date=2020-07-22 |website=www.theregister.com |language=en |quote=Hitachi has stopped building its own mainframes but will supply IBM z Systems loaded with Hitachi VOS3 operating system software.}}</ref>
* [[Software]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Uberti |first=David |date=2021-04-05 |title=Why Hitachi Is Spending $9.6 Billion to Dive Into the Software Business |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-hitachi-is-spending-9-6-billion-to-dive-into-the-software-business-11617650955 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428062116/https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-hitachi-is-spending-9-6-billion-to-dive-into-the-software-business-11617650955 |archive-date=2021-04-28 |access-date=2021-04-06 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |language=en-US |issn=0099-9660}}</ref>
*[[Outsourcing services]]
*[[Telecommunications equipment]]
*[[Automated teller machine|ATMs]]

==== Hitachi Vantara ====
{{See also|Hitachi Data Systems|Hitachi Consulting}}
[[File:Hitachi Vantara headquarters.jpg|thumb|Hitachi Vantara headquarters in California, United States]]
Hitachi Vantara is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hitachi which provides hardware, software and services to help companies manage their digital data. Its flagship products are the [[Virtual Storage Platform]] (for enterprise storage), Hitachi Unified Storage VM for large-sized companies, Hitachi Unified Storage for small and mid-sized companies, Hitachi Content Platform (archiving and cloud architecture), Hitachi Command Suite (for storage management), Hitachi TrueCopy and Hitachi Universal Replicator (for remote replication), and the Hitachi NAS Platform.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hitachi Products for DataOps |url=https://www.hitachivantara.com/en-hk/products.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115151508/https://www.hitachivantara.com/en-hk/products.html |archive-date=2021-01-15 |access-date=2021-01-13 |website=www.hitachivantara.com |language=en}}</ref>

Since September 19, 2017, Hitachi Data Systems (HDS) has become part of Hitachi Vantara, a new company that unifies the operations of [[Pentaho]], Hitachi Data Systems and Hitachi Insight Group. The company name "Hitachi Data Systems" (HDS) and its logo is no longer used in the market. [[Hitachi Consulting]], the group's international management and technology consulting subsidiary with headquarters in Dallas, Texas, was integrated with Hitachi Vantara in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Haranas |first=Mark |date=2020-01-06 |title=Hitachi Vantara And Consulting Merger Creates IT 'Powerhouse' |url=https://www.crn.com/news/data-center/hitachi-vantara-and-consulting-merger-creates-it-powerhouse- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129054254/https://www.crn.com/news/data-center/hitachi-vantara-and-consulting-merger-creates-it-powerhouse- |archive-date=2020-11-29 |access-date=2021-01-13 |website=CRN}}</ref> On November 1, 2023, Hitachi spun off Hitachi Vantara LLC's digital solutions business into a new company, [[Hitachi Digital Services]]; Hitachi Vantara now focuses on its storage and hybrid cloud-centric data infrastructure services portfolio.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global reorganization to strengthen synergies leveraging OT and IT |url=https://www.hitachivantara.com/en-in/news/in-the-press/2023/gl231026.html |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=www.hitachivantara.com |language=en}}</ref> The company would partner with [[Supermicro]] in October 2025, each allowing the other company to offer their products through the opposing companies, focusing on artificial intelligence applications and [[Data lake#Data lakehouses|data lakehouses]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sofia |first1=Nurin |title=Hitachi Vantara partners with Supermicro to boost AI and enterprise data performance |url=https://www.techedt.com/hitachi-vantara-partners-with-supermicro-to-boost-ai-and-enterprise-data-performance |publisher=TechEDT |date=October 22, 2025}}</ref>

*[[Server (computing)|Servers]]
* [[Disk array]] subsystems

==== GlobalLogic ====
GlobalLogic is a digital services subsidiary of Hitachi based in the United States. Originally founded in India in 2000, the company was acquired by Hitachi in 2021 for US$9.6 billion,<ref>{{cite news |date=2021-03-31 |title=Remember Hitachi? It's a Software Company Now |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/hitachi-to-buy-digital-product-developer-globallogic-for-9-6-billion-11617196654 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428062116/https://www.wsj.com/articles/hitachi-to-buy-digital-product-developer-globallogic-for-9-6-billion-11617196654 |archive-date=2021-04-28 |access-date=2021-03-31 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> which was Hitachi's most expensive acquisition at the time.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Khare |editor-first1=Anshuman |editor-last2=Ishikura |editor-first2=Hiroki |editor-last3=Odake |editor-first3=Nobutaka |title=Japanese Business Operations in an Uncertain World |date=19 December 2021 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=9781000511161 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8GtHEAAAQBAJ |access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref> The acquisition is intended to bridge various operational technology and industrial products that Hitachi offers by strengthening the group's software development capability as part of the broader Lumada strategy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=日経クロステック（xTECH） |date=2023-01-30 |title=「日立はおとなしすぎた」、1兆円で傘下入りした米グローバルロジック会長が語る真意 |url=https://xtech.nikkei.com/atcl/nxt/column/18/00001/07623/ |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=日経クロステック（xTECH） |language=ja}}</ref> GlobalLogic provides [[Outsourcing|outsourced]] product development and [[Information technology|IT]] services to clients for software and hardware.<ref name="ET Jan2025">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |date=January 20, 2025 |title=GlobalLogic appoints Srinivas Shankar as President & CEO |url=https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/enterprise-services/globallogic-appoints-srinivas-shankar-as-president-ceo/117125705 |access-date=April 7, 2025 |work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref><ref name="ForbesIndia 20214">{{cite news |last1=Mathews Thomas |first1=Prince |date=July 17, 2014 |title=GlobalLogic: Outsourcing Champions |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/hidden-gems/globallogic-outsourcing-champions/38230/1 |access-date=April 4, 2025 |work=[[Forbes India]]}}</ref>

==== Hitachi Solutions ====
Hitachi Solutions is a global professional services subsidiary of Hitachi, headquartered in [[Irvine, California]]. Founded in 2002 and integrated into the Hitachi Group in 2012, the company specializes in [[Microsoft]]-based digital transformation across industries such as construction, financial services, health care, retail, manufacturing, sports and entertainment, and energy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Microsoft Dedicated Partner |url=https://global.hitachi-solutions.com/ |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=Hitachi Solutions |language=en-CA}}</ref> With over 1,000 employees wordwide, Hitachi Solutions delivers consulting, cloud enablement, data analytics, and AI-powered solutions through platforms like [[Microsoft Dynamics 365|Dynamics 365]], Azure, and Power Platform.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Working at Hitachi Solutions North America |url=https://www.glassdoor.com/Overview/Working-at-Hitachi-Solutions-North-America-EI_IE7092094.11,42.htm |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=Glassdoor |language=en}}</ref> Its proprietary offerings include the Hitachi Solutions Empower Data Platform.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hitachi Solutions Empower Data Platform |url=https://global.hitachi-solutions.com/our-tech-hub/empower/ |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=Hitachi Solutions |language=en-CA}}</ref>

=== Green Energy and Mobility ===
The Green Energy and Mobility segment focuses on developing and providing power systems. This includes power generation, transmission, and distribution systems. In the rail industry, the company is a provider of [[rolling stock]] and traction equipment to signaling, traffic management systems, and maintenance depots. A key component of this segment is the ZeroCarbon suite, designed to enable fleet operators to transition to electric vehicles. This segment accounted for 22.9 per cent of the total revenue in FY2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-14 |title=Hitachi's Green Energy & Mobility in Europe - Smart Grid and Renewable Energy Solutions by Hitachi {{!}} Inspire the Next |url=https://www.hitachi.eu/en/products-and-solutions/green-energy-mobility/ |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=Hitachi in Europe {{!}} Inspire the Next - |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" />

==== Hitachi Rail ====
{{main|Hitachi Rail|Hitachi Rail STS}}

[[File:Series-E5-U7 Nasuno-258.jpg|thumb|[[E5 and H5 Series Shinkansen|E5 Series Shinkansen]]]]
Hitachi built its first steam locomotive in 1920, and has since evolved into a company that builds almost everything related to rail transport; rolling stock, traction systems, power transmission systems, signalling systems, programmed traffic control systems and seat reservation systems.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=鉄道ソリューション：Hitachi Job Matching Navigator：日立 |url=https://www.hitachi.co.jp/recruit/newgraduate/jm-navi/rail/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=株式会社 日立製作所 |language=ja}}</ref>

Hitachi's rail division has two hubs in Japan, Mito in Ibaraki and Kasado in [[Kudamatsu|Kudamatsu, Yamaguchi]]. The international rail business, branded as [[Hitachi Rail]], is headquartered in London, England, with [[Hitachi Newton Aycliffe|its main European factory]] located in [[Newton Aycliffe|Newton Aycliffe, County Durham]]. Since [[Hitachi Rail Italy]] was established following the acquisition of AnsaldoBreda S.p.A., Hitachi has a design and production hub in [[Pistoia|Pistoia, Italy]].<ref name="auto"/>

* [[Hitachi A-train]]

==== Hitachi Energy ====
{{Main articles|Hitachi Energy}}

In July 2020, Hitachi acquired 80.1% of ABB’s power grid business for 750 billion yen (US$6.5 billion) and completed the acquisition with the remaining 19.9% in December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-01 |title=日立、ABBの電力システム事業買収完了 7500億円 |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO61042870R00C20A7916M00/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=日本経済新聞 |language=ja}}</ref> Merged with Hitachi’s own power grid operations, the entity has become a major supplier of [[high-voltage direct current]] transmission systems.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-08 |title=日立が挑む直流送電「日本でももっと評価されていい」 |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUC283E30Y1A520C2000000/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=日本経済新聞 |language=ja}}</ref>

==== Nuclear power ====
{{Main article|GE Vernova Hitachi Nuclear Energy}}

[[File:Kashiwazaki-Kariwa 04780017 (8388173865).jpg|thumb|[[Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant]]]]
Hitachi has been involved in the nuclear power industry since the 1950s and has been active in constructing and maintaining [[Boiling water reactor|boiling water reactors]] (BWRs) since the 1970s. 

In 2007, Hitachi's nuclear business merged with that of [[General Electric]] to form GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy. The joint venture, now called GE Vernova Hitachi Nuclear Energy following the breakup of General Electric, currently offers the [[advanced boiling water reactor]] (ABWR) and is developing [[Small modular reactor|small modular reactors]] (SMRs), such as the [[BWRX-300]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hitachi's new reactors addressing diversified needs ―― The innovative light-water reactor HI-ABWR and the small light-water reactor BWRX-300 |url=https://www.hitachi.com/products/energy/portal/highlights/case_023.html |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=Energy Highlights |language=en}}</ref>

Hitachi also owns [[Horizon Nuclear Power]], which was originally expected to construct nuclear power stations in the United Kingdom under a British government contract, but later withdrew from these projects after investing nearly £2 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hitachi withdraws from UK new-build project |url=https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Hitachi-withdraws-from-UK-new-build-project |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=World Nuclear News |date=16 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Connective Industries ===
[[File:Hitachi-7100-transmission-electron-microscope-equipped-with-a-gatan-high-resolution-digital-bottom-mount-camera-3-1024x683.jpg|thumb|Hitachi [[Transmission electron microscopy|transmission electron microscope]] (TEM)]][[File:HITACHI AIR CONDITIONER INDOOR UNIT (3).jpg|thumb|Hitachi ceiling mounted cassette air conditioner]]
[[File:Hitachi Washer-dryer BD-SV120KL.jpg|thumb|Hitachi [[washer-dryer]]]]
[[File:Taipei Veterans General Hospital Heavy Ion Therapy Center 2023-05-15 03.jpg|thumb|Hitachi [[synchrotron]] used for heavy ion [[particle therapy]]]]
In the Connective Industries segment, Hitachi offers building systems such as elevators and escalators, healthcare with a focus on less invasive cancer treatments and diverse medical equipment, and a variety of industrial equipment such as air compressors and transformers. Additionally, the segment provides sustainable water and wastewater management. This segment accounted for 27.3 per cent of the total revenue in FY2022.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Connective Industries – Hitachi in Asia |url=https://www.hitachi.asia/products-solutions/connective-industries/ |access-date=2023-11-24 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==== Hitachi Global Life Solutions ====
Although no longer a core business, Hitachi Global Life Solutions produces refrigerators, laundry machines, vacuum cleaners and other white goods. Hitachi stopped producing televisions (branded as 'Wooo') in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-01-23 |title=日立が薄型テレビの生産を終了、「Wooo」ブランドは継続 |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXNASFK2301O_T20C12A1000000/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=日本経済新聞 |language=ja}}</ref>

* Air conditioning systems: development and production has been merged with Johnson Controls as [[Johnson Controls Hitachi]].
* Refrigerators
* Laundry machines, including [[Washer-dryer|washer-dryers]]
* Vacuum cleaners

==== Hitachi Building Systems ====
Hitachi Building Systems is the second largest manufacturer of elevators in Japan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Active |first=日経クロステック |date=2023-09-06 |title=「ビル用エレベーター」は1位が三菱電機、2位が日立ビルシステム |url=https://active.nikkeibp.co.jp/atcl/act/19/00468/041000015/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=日経クロステック Active |language=ja}}</ref>

*[[Elevator]]s
* [[Escalator]]s
* Building security systems
* Central air conditioning systems
* Industrial dehumidifiers

==== Hitachi High-Tech ====
* Test and measurement equipment<ref>{{Cite web |last=Corporation |first=Hitachi High-Tech |title=Treatment |url=https://www.hitachi-hightech.com/global/en/products/healthcare/treatment/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=Hitachi High-Tech Corporation |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Electron microscope|Electron microscopes]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Corporation |first=Hitachi High-Tech |title=Electron Microscopes (SEM/TEM/STEM) |url=https://www.hitachi-hightech.com/global/en/products/microscopes/sem-tem-stem/ |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=Hitachi High-Tech Corporation |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Scanning electron microscope|Scanning electron microscopes]]
*** Field emission scanning electron microscopes (FE-SEM)
** [[Transmission electron microscopy|Transmission electron microscopes]]
** Automated material identification and classification systems (AMICS)
** Other nano-probing systems
* [[Particle therapy|Particle therapy equipment]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Products : Healthcare : Hitachi |url=http://www.hitachi.com/businesses/healthcare/products-support/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725165509/http://www.hitachi.com/businesses/healthcare/products-support/index.html |archive-date=2020-07-25 |access-date=2020-07-25 |website=www.hitachi.com}}</ref>
* [[Cell culture|Cell culture equipment]]

=== Subsidiaries and joint ventures ===

==== Hitachi Astemo ====
[[File:Astemo logo.jpg|thumb|Astemo logo]]
[[File:Hitachi Automotive Systems Americas Offices Farmington Hills Michigan.JPG|thumb|Hitachi Astemo Americas Offices, [[Farmington Hills, Michigan]]]]
Hitachi Astemo, which stands for "Advanced Sustainable Technologies for Mobility", is a 40-40-20 joint venture between Hitachi, [[Honda]], and JIC Capital, which is owned by [[Japan Investment Corporation]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-16 |title=日立アステモ、資本構成を変更 日立の出資4割に低下 |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUC165XE0W3A011C2000000/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=日本経済新聞 |language=ja}}</ref> Hitachi and Honda their four auto parts affiliates and division, the latter's three [[keiretsu]] companies [[Showa Corporation]], [[Keihin Corporation]], and [[Nissin Kogyo]], and the former's wholly owned Hitachi Automotive Systems, to be better equipped for the changing car market environment, frequently represented as CASE, for which they will integrate their assets to accelerate development of new technology and software.

Hitachi Astemo is considered a "mega supplier", as annual sales of the four predecessors combined stood at $17 billion, placing it as the second largest among the compatriot auto suppliers.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-06 |title=Suppliers conclude mobility merger |url=https://www.just-auto.com/news/suppliers-conclude-mobility-merger_id199516.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114073305/https://www.just-auto.com/news/suppliers-conclude-mobility-merger_id199516.aspx |archive-date=2021-01-14 |access-date=2021-01-13 |website=www.just-auto.com}}</ref>

*Car Information Systems
* Drive Control
* Electric Powertrain Systems
* Engine Management Systems

==== Hitachi Construction Machinery ====
{{Main article|Hitachi Construction Machinery}}

[[File:Hitachi ZX490LCH-6.jpg|thumb|A HITACHI ZX490LCH-6, a 49 ton long-carriage heavy duty excavator driving vertical band drains into the ground.]]Hitachi Construction Machinery is one of the world's largest construction equipment manufacturers by revenue. The company was spun off from Hitachi in October 1970 and has been listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange on its own since 1981. Hitachi owned a 51% share in the company but sold half of its shares to HCIJ Holdings, a joint venture between [[Itochu]] and [[Japan Industrial Partners]], in August 2022, leaving Hitachi with 25.4% of the total shares.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-02 |title=日立製作所が日立建機の株を「完全売却しない」事情とは【決算書で解説】 |url=https://diamond.jp/articles/-/297810 |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=ダイヤモンド・オンライン |language=ja}}</ref>
* Hydraulic Excavators
* Forestry Equipment
* Mechanical & Hydraulic Cranes
* Mining Dump Trucks
* Crawler Dump trucks
* Wheel Loaders

=== Discontinued or divested businesses ===

==== Hitachi Capital ====
*[[Leasing]]
* Loan guarantees
* Invoice finance
* Consumer finance (personal and retail)
* Business finance

Bought by [[Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group|Mitsubishi]], it had been the group's financial business arm.<ref name=":0" />

==== Hitachi Metals ====
Among other things, Hitachi Metals supplied materials for aircraft engines and fuselage components (e.g. landing gear), along with finished components for same and other aerospace applications. It also provided materials, components and tools for the automotive and electronics industries. Among the Hitachi Metals facilities was Hitachi Metal Yasugi Works or Tatara Works, one of the oldest furnaces in Japan, famously featured as a main backdrop in ''[[Princess Mononoke]]'', a Japanese animation film set in the [[Muromachi period]]. Hitachi sold all its shares in Hitachi Metals in 2021, and the company was renamed {{Interlanguage links|Proterial|ja|プロテリアル}} in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-02 |title=旧日立金属のプロテリアル 新社長が壊すタコツボ組織 |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUC313YK0R30C23A1000000/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=日本経済新聞 |language=ja}}</ref>

==== Hitachi Works ====
[[Corporate spin-off|Spin-off]] entities from Hitachi Works include [[Hitachi Cable]] (1956) and Hitachi Canadian Industries Limited (founded 1988 in [[Saskatoon]] and closed in 2016 as Mitsubishi-Hitachi Power Systems).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/3334961/brandt-expands-with-acquisition-of-mitsubishi-hitachi-power-systems-in-saskatoon/|title=Brandt expands with acquisition of Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems in Saskatoon &#124; Globalnews.ca|access-date=2021-12-03|archive-date=2021-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203181151/https://globalnews.ca/news/3334961/brandt-expands-with-acquisition-of-mitsubishi-hitachi-power-systems-in-saskatoon/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref>

As Hitachi pulled out of MHPS and handed over the control to [[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries|MHI]], Hitachi Works was also transferred, becoming part of Mitsubishi Power.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mitsubishi Power, Ltd. {{!}} Hitachi Works|url=https://power.mhi.com/company/network/work/hitachi|access-date=2021-01-13|website=Mitsubishi Power, Ltd.|language=en|archive-date=2021-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114104521/https://power.mhi.com/company/network/work/hitachi|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Others ====
Other former businesses Hitachi had had include the following:
*Aircraft
** [[Hitachi T.2]]
**[[Hitachi TR.2]]
* Aircraft Engines
** [[Hitachi Hatsukaze]]
*[[Hitachi Zosen Corporation|Hitachi Zosen]]
** Ships - Business merged with the shipbuilding operation of [[Nkk Corporation|NKK corporation]] to form [[Universal Shipbuilding Corporation]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2001-02-24|title=Hitachi Zosen, NKK to merge shipbuilding units|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2001/02/24/business/hitachi-zosen-nkk-to-merge-shipbuilding-units/|access-date=2020-07-16|website=The Japan Times|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716150234/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2001/02/24/business/hitachi-zosen-nkk-to-merge-shipbuilding-units/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Displays
**[[Plasma display|Plasma]] and [[LCD]] [[Television]]s - Ceased production.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2012-01-23|title=Hitachi to end TV manufacturing|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-16677348|access-date=2020-07-16|archive-date=2020-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801182859/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-16677348|url-status=live}}</ref> Brand name continues to be licensed to [[Vestel]] for TVs sold at [[Argos (retailer)|Argos]] in the UK.
** Small LCDs - Divested to be part of [[Japan Display]]
** [[Projector]]s - Sold to [[Maxell]]
* Memory chips - Spun off to be part of [[Elpida Memory]]
*System LSIs - Spun off to be part of [[Renesas Electronics|Renesas Technology]]
* [[Personal computers]]({{ill|Basic Master|jp|ベーシックマスター}}) - Ceased production<ref>{{Cite web|last=Williams|first=Martyn|date=2007-10-23|title=Hitachi to exit consumer PC business|url=https://www.networkworld.com/article/2287434/hitachi-to-exit-consumer-pc-business.html|access-date=2020-07-22|website=Network World|language=en|archive-date=2022-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130010238/https://www.networkworld.com/article/2287434/hitachi-to-exit-consumer-pc-business.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mobile phones - Merged with [[Casio]]'s cellphone manufacturing business, then absorbed into [[NEC Mobile Communications]]
* Batteries - Sold to Maxell
* Drilling instruments (Hitachi Via Mechanics) - Sold to The Longreach Group<ref>{{Cite web|title=News Releases : August&nbsp;21,&nbsp;2013 : Hitachi Global|url=https://www.hitachi.com/New/cnews/130821.html|access-date=2020-07-16|website=www.hitachi.com|archive-date=2020-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001200242/https://www.hitachi.com/New/cnews/130821.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Hard disk drives - Separated division for this product line as [[HGST|Hitachi Global Storage Technologies]], then HGST was purchased by [[Western Digital]]
* [[Mainframe computer|Mainframe computer hardware]] - Stopped exporting in 2000; Ceased production in 2017 to focus on the operating system business.<ref name="MainframeHitachi" />
*Hitachi Kokusai Electric - Sold to [[Kohlberg Kravis Roberts|KKR]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Exclusive: Applied Materials to buy KKR's Kokusai Electric for $2.2bn|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Business-deals/Exclusive-Applied-Materials-to-buy-KKR-s-Kokusai-Electric-for-2.2bn|access-date=2021-01-12|website=Nikkei Asia|language=en-GB|archive-date=2020-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108122541/https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Business-deals/Exclusive-Applied-Materials-to-buy-KKR-s-Kokusai-Electric-for-2.2bn|url-status=live}}</ref>
**Telecommunication equipment
** [[Chemical vapor deposition]] equipment<ref name="hitachi-divestitures" />
*[[Power tool]]s (Hitachi Koki) - Sold to KKR and renamed [[Hikoki]]<ref name="hitachi-divestitures" />
* [[Automotive navigation system|Car navigation system]] (Clarion) - Sold to [[Faurecia]]<ref name="hitachi-divestitures">{{Cite news|date=2019-07-11|title=Hitachi starts sale of $5.6 billion chemical unit, first bids due by Aug. 9: sources|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hitachi-chem-m-a-idUSKCN1U60XD|access-date=2020-07-16|archive-date=2020-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718224631/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hitachi-chem-m-a-idUSKCN1U60XD|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[File:HITACHI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging System, ECHELON OVAL,.jpg|thumb|Hitachi's [[magnetic resonance imaging]] equipment]][[Wind turbine]]s - Ceased production<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-28|title=Hitachi Halts Wind Turbine Production|url=https://www.offshorewind.biz/2019/01/28/hitachi-halts-wind-turbine-production/|access-date=2020-07-22|website=Offshore Wind|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722090034/https://www.offshorewind.biz/2019/01/28/hitachi-halts-wind-turbine-production/|url-status=live |last1=Durakovic |first1=Adnan }}</ref>
* [[Chemical industry|Chemical products]] (Hitachi Chemical) - Sold to [[Showa Denko]] and renamed Showa Denko Materials<ref>{{Cite news|title=Showa Denko Unveils $8.8 Billion Deal for Hitachi Chemical|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-12-18/showa-denko-unveils-8-8-billion-deal-to-buy-hitachi-chemical|access-date=2020-10-05|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date=18 December 2019|archive-date=2020-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030132655/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-12-18/showa-denko-unveils-8-8-billion-deal-to-buy-hitachi-chemical|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Diagnostic equipment|Medical diagnostic equipment]] - Sold to [[Fujifilm]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-18|title=Fujifilm to acquire Hitachi's diagnostic imaging equipment business|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/12/18/business/corporate-business/fujifilm-to-get-hitachis-diagnostic-imaging-equipment-firm/|access-date=2020-10-05|website=The Japan Times|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813140806/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/12/18/business/corporate-business/fujifilm-to-get-hitachis-diagnostic-imaging-equipment-firm/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Thermal power station|Thermal power generation system]] ([[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries|Mitsubishi]] Hitachi Power Systems) - Shares held by Hitachi transferred to Mitsubishi<ref>{{Cite web|last=Patel|first=Sonal|date=2019-12-18|title=Hitachi Exiting MHPS; MHI Will be Venture's Sole Owner|url=https://www.powermag.com/hitachi-will-exit-mhps-leaving-mhi-as-joint-ventures-sole-owner/|access-date=2020-07-16|website=POWER Magazine|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701235307/https://www.powermag.com/hitachi-will-exit-mhps-leaving-mhi-as-joint-ventures-sole-owner/|url-status=live}}</ref>

*Hitachi Transport System, Ltd. - sold to [[Kohlberg Kravis Roberts|KKR]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-02 |title=米KKRが旧日立物流を7000億円で巨額買収した理由、KKRジャパン社長「日本の物流会社はポテンシャルがある」 |url=https://diamond.jp/articles/-/348817 |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=ダイヤモンド・オンライン |language=ja}}</ref>
*Property management

=== Educational initiatives ===
Hitachi has research partnerships with several universities, and funds research centres within these universities. Hitachi-UTokyo Lab., which is a joint research centre with the [[Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo|Faculty of Engineering]], [[University of Tokyo]], focuses on the realisation of data-driven and more efficient society (Former Chairman and UTokyo alumnus [[Hiroaki Nakanishi]] coined the term [[Society 5.0]] for this).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ltd |first=Hitachi |title=日立東大ラボにおける次世代スマートシティ実現に向けた取り組み：日立評論 |url=https://www.hitachihyoron.com/jp/archive/2020s/2020/05/05a06/index.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=www.hitachihyoron.com |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=報告書「Society 5.0時代を切り拓く人材の育成―企業と働き手の成長に向けて」を公表 (2020年3月26日 No.3448) {{!}} 週刊 経団連タイムス |url=https://www.keidanren.or.jp/journal/times/2020/0326_01.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=一般社団法人 日本経済団体連合会 / Keidanren |language=ja}}</ref> Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory (HCL), a Hitachi-funded research centre within the [[University of Cambridge]] founded in 1985, now focuses on [[Quantum computing|quantum computation]] and [[magnetism]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory |url=https://www.hit.phy.cam.ac.uk/ |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=www.hit.phy.cam.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref> Hitachi conducts similar initiatives with [[Kyoto University]], [[Hokkaido University]] and [[National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology]] as well.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ltd |first=Hitachi |title=協創の取組み：研究開発：日立 |url=https://www.hitachi.co.jp/rd/open/index.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=www.hitachi.co.jp |language=ja}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[ATMIA|ATM Industry Association (ATMIA)]]
{{Portal|Companies}}

== Notes ==
<references group="nb" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Hitachi}}
* {{official website}}

{{Hitachi}}
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