View source for Hispanic America

{{Short description|Predominantly Spanish-speaking countries of North and South America}}
{{distinguish|Latin America|Spanish America|Ibero-America|Spanish North America|Spanish American|Hispanic|Hispanic American|Hispanic and Latino American}}
{{Infobox continent
|title          = Hispanic America
|image          = Hispanic America (orthographic projection).svg
|imagecaption   = 
|photo          = 
|photocaption   = 
|area           = {{convert|11485417|km2|abbr=on}}
|population     = 427,122,274
|density        = {{convert|37.19|/km2|abbr=on}}
|GDP_PPP        = 
|GDP_nominal    = 
|GDP_per_capita = 
|HDI            = 
|ethnic_groups  = 
|religions      = 
|demonym        = [[Hispanic America#Demographics|Hispanic American]]
|countries      = {{Collapsible list
 |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
 |title = [[#Countries and territories|19]]
 |{{flag|Argentina}}
 |{{flag|Bolivia}}
 |{{flag|Chile}}
 |{{flag|Colombia}}
 |{{flag|Costa Rica}}
 |{{flag|Cuba}}
 |{{flag|Dominican Republic}}
 |{{flag|Ecuador}}
 |{{flag|El Salvador}}
 |{{flag|Guatemala}}
 |{{flag|Honduras}}
 |{{flag|Mexico}}
 |{{flag|Nicaragua}}
 |{{flag|Panama}}
 |{{flag|Paraguay}}
 |{{flag|Peru}}
 |{{flag|Puerto Rico}}{{efn|Territory of the United States.}}
 |{{flag|Uruguay}}
 |{{flag|Venezuela}}
}}
|list_countries = 
|dependencies   = 
|unrecognized   = 
|languages      = [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Indigenous languages of the Americas]]
|time           = [[UTC−03:00]] {{flagicon|Uruguay}} to<br />[[UTC−08:00]] {{flagicon|Mexico}}
|internet       = 
|calling_code   = 
|cities         = Largest urban areas:<br />
1. [[Mexico City]] {{flagicon|Mexico}}<br />2. [[Buenos Aires]] {{flagicon|Argentina}}<br />3. [[Bogotá]] {{flagicon|Colombia}}<br />4. [[Lima]] {{flagicon|Peru}}<br />5. [[Santiago]] {{flagicon|Chile}}<br />6. [[Guadalajara]] {{flagicon|Mexico}}<br />7. [[Caracas]] {{flagicon|Venezuela}}<br />8. [[Guatemala City]] {{flagicon|Guatemala}}<br />9. [[Monterrey]] {{flagicon|Mexico}}<br />10. [[Medellín]] {{flagicon|Colombia}}
|m49            = 
|footnotes      = 
}}

'''Hispanic America''' ({{langx|es|Hispanoamérica}} or {{lang|es|América Hispana}}), historically known as '''[[Spanish America]]''' ({{langx|es|América Española}}) or '''[[Castile (historical region)|Castilian]] America''' ({{langx|es|América Castellana}}), is the [[Spanish-speaking]] countries and territories of the [[Americas]].<ref>All of the following dictionaries only list "Spanish America" as the name for this cultural region. None list "Hispanic America." All list the [[demonym]] for the people of the region discussed in this article as the sole definition, or one of the definitions, for "Spanish American". Some list "Hispanic," "Hispanic American" and "Hispano-American" as [[synonym]]s for "Spanish American." (All also include as a secondary definition for these last three terms, [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|persons residing in the United States of Hispanic ancestry]].) ''[[The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language]]'' (3rd ed.) (1992). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. {{ISBN|0-395-44895-6}}. ''[[Webster's Dictionary#Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary|Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary]]'' (11th ed.) (2003). Springfield: Merriam-Webster. {{ISBN|0-87779-807-9}}. ''[[Random House Dictionary of the English Language|The Random House Dictionary of the English Language]]'' (2nd ed.) (1987). New York: Random House. {{ISBN|0-394-50050-4}}. ''[[Shorter Oxford English Dictionary|Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles]]'' (2007). New York: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-19-920687-2}}. ''[[Webster's New World Dictionary|Webster's New Dictionary and Thesaurus]]'' (2002). Cleveland: Wiley Publishing. {{ISBN|978-0-471-79932-0}}</ref><ref>"Hispanic America" is used in some older works such as Charles Edward Chapman's 1933 ''Colonial Hispanic America: A History'' and 1937 ''Republican Hispanic America: A History'' (both New York: The Macmillan Co.); or translated titles that faithfully reproduce ''Hispanoamérica'', such as Edmund Stephen Urbanski (1978), ''Hispanic America and its Civilization: Spanish Americans and Anglo-Americans'', Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. The Cambridge University Press textbook by two distinguished historians of early Latin America, [[James Lockhart (historian)|James Lockhart]] and [[Stuart B. Schwartz]] is entitled, ''Early Latin America: A History of Colonial Spanish America and Brazil'' 1983.</ref> In all of these countries, [[Spanish language|Spanish]] is the main language - sometimes sharing [[Official language|official status]] with one or more [[Indigenous languages of the Americas|indigenous languages]] (such as [[Guaraní language|Guaraní]], [[Quechua language|Quechua]], [[Aymara language|Aymara]], or [[Mayan languages|Mayan]]) or English (in [[Puerto Rico]]),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004519/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 13, 2007|title=CIA – The World Factbook – Field Listing – Languages|access-date=2009-04-11}}</ref> and [[Latin Catholicism]] is the predominant religion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613003300/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 13, 2007|title=CIA – The World Factbook – Field Listing – Religions|access-date=2009-04-11}}</ref>

Hispanic America is sometimes grouped together with [[Brazil]] under the term [[Ibero-America]], meaning those countries in the Americas with cultural roots in the [[Iberian Peninsula]].{{efn|The adjective "Ibero-American" usually refers only to countries of the Western Hemisphere, but in the title of the [[Organization of Ibero-American States]] it refers to Iberian ''and'' (Ibero-)American countries, plus [[Equatorial Guinea]].}} Hispanic America also contrasts with [[Latin America]], which includes not only Hispanic America, but also Brazil (the former [[Portuguese America]]) and, by few definitions, the former [[French colonization of the Americas|French colonies]] in the Western Hemisphere (areas that are now in either the United States or Canada are usually excluded).<ref>[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Latin+America "Latin America"] The Free Online Dictionary (''American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language'', 2000, 4th ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2003.)</ref>

==History==
{{Main|History of New Spain|Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire}}
{{Further|Atlantic slave trade|Spanish Empire|Slavery in colonial Spanish America}}
[[File:Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg|thumb|left|Image of Christopher Columbus' arrival to the Caribbean Islands.]]
[[File:The_Battle_of_Sant'Antonio,_Uruguay_in_which_Garibaldi_participated,_in_1846.jpg|thumb|left|The Battle of San Antonio, for the independence of Uruguay.]]

The [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|Spanish conquest of the Americas]] began in [[Voyages of Christopher Columbus|1492]], up until 1531, during the reign of the [[Catholic Monarchs of Spain|catholic crown]] [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|King Fernando V]] and [[Isabella I of Castile|Queen Isabella]]. [[Christopher Columbus]] landed in the Caribbean islands during one of his expeditions with the Spanish crew looking for Asia. Once established in the "New World" the desire of the Spaniards to acquire wealth quickly developed into conquest, the idea of goods and wealth drew more Spaniards' attention to the new land. Conquerors like [[Hernán Cortés|Hernan Cortes]] motivated the Spanish to conquer lands and establish their living in this 'New World' and ultimately was part of a larger historical process of world [[discovery (observation)|discovery]], through which various European powers colonized a considerable amount of territory and peoples in the Americas, Asia, and Africa between the 15th and 20th centuries. Hispanic America became the main part of the vast [[Spanish Empire]]. [[Napoleon I|Napoleon]]'s [[Peninsular War|intervention in Spain]] in 1808 and the consequent chaos initiated the dismemberment of the Spanish Empire, as the Hispanic American territories began their [[Spanish American wars of independence|struggle for emancipation]]. By 1830, the only remaining Spanish American territories were the islands of [[Cuba]] and [[Puerto Rico]], until the 1898 [[Spanish–American War]].<ref>Christopher Conway, ''Nineteenth-Century Spanish America: A Cultural History'' (Vanderbilt University Press 2015).</ref>
{{Clear}}

== Impact ==
[[File:De español e india, mestiza.jpg|thumb|right|This image shows a 'Mestiza' child as she is a mixture of a European man and an Amerindian woman.]]
In general, Spanish colonies allowed mostly flexibility as long as people followed specific obligations and respected hierarchies and within these limits, Hispanic Americans were able to negotiate certain aspects of their living. In the early 1540s, once most of the territories were conquered, a lot of Spanish established themselves there for a living, and they also brought with them many African slaves and even free Africans to build on the economy of the 'New World'. They created two separate Republics; [[First Spanish Republic|Republica de Españoles]] and [[Indigenous peoples of Mexico|Republica de Indios]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Masters |first=Adrian |date= January 2021|title=Rethinking the Republics of Spaniards and Indians in the Sixteenth-Century Spanish Indies |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/americas/article/two-the-one-the-many-the-none-rethinking-the-republics-of-spaniards-and-indians-in-the-sixteenthcentury-spanish-indies/834427C28A38B1F5A679DAB669501F5E |journal=The Americas |language=en |volume=78 |issue=1 |pages=3–36 |doi= 10.1017/tam.2020.72|issn=}}</ref> One was composed by the Spanish and their African slaves and the other one by indigenous peoples.

There are theories that there were various Republics, others say there were none, however, these two existed and inside the Republica de Indios there were lots of villages that created their own too.<ref name=":02" /> Both 'Republica de Indios' and 'Republica de Españoles' lived apart from each other but did not have problems between them, it was just a way to separate hierarchies due to race and ethnicity. Spaniards created this separation as a similar government behaviour as the one back in their country, where only the top of the hierarchy didn't work or pay. In this case, the 'Republica de Españoles' was the top of the hierarchy and most took advantage of it to gain wealth without working just because of their ethnicity. Later on, in the later 1550s the Spaniards would send some churchmen and officials to incorporate into the 'Republica de Indios' so that [[Christianity]] remained regardless of the ethnicity.

This idea of the two republics isolated the Hispanic people due to their race. It gave Spanish people wealth and power only because of their ethnicity, generating a social hierarchy that left Hispanic Americans in the lowest position at the level of the African slaves Spanish brought with them through the [[Atlantic slave trade]], and them in the highest position. Spanish were always considered at the top of the hierarchy and both Indigenous Americans and Africans at the bottom. However, sexual relations between these groups developed into mixed raced populations called [[Casta|Castas]]. This partially threatened the hierarchy but Spanish maintained themselves at the top and maintained Hispanic Americans and Africans at the bottom but allowed ''Castas'' to position themselves somewhere in the middle. However people were often judged and categorised by their level of Spanish, their clothing and their diet as well as their relationship circles. This system entrenched racial inequalities that persisted long after the colonial period.

The independence of Hispanic American countries consisted mainly between 1808 and 1826, and was a fruit of the Spanish elites fighting for their territory as they saw an opportunity after the Spanish Independence War (1808-1814) against Napoleon. The wars for territories consisted of many battles that were generally violent but ended up being effective for the new local bourgeoisie to gain their independence. However, it took long for some of the countries to re-establish economic stability in their territories since most of the wealth had been acquired by the Spanish and was no longer there.

==Demographics==
===Countries and territories===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|+

! Country or territory
! Population<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=ZJ|title=Population, total {{!}} Data|website=data.worldbank.org|language=en-us|access-date=2017-07-11}}</ref>
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! GDP (nominal [USD, billions])<ref>{{Cite web|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April/weo-report|access-date=2021-09-18|website=IMF|language=en}}</ref>
! GDP (nominal) per capita
! GDP (PPP)
! GDP (PPP) per capita
|-
| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Argentina]]
| style="text-align: right" |46,376,763
| style="text-align: right" | 2,780,400
| style="text-align: right" |604.15
| style="text-align: right" |12,812.56
| style="text-align: right" |12,45.01
| style="text-align: right" |26,390.44
|-
| {{flagicon|Bolivia}} [[Bolivia]]
| style="text-align: right" |11,673,029
| style="text-align: right" | 1,098,581
| style="text-align: right" |46.71
| style="text-align: right" |3,857.15
| style="text-align: right" |125.06
| style="text-align: right" |10,340.32
|-
| {{flagicon|Chile}} [[Chile]]
| style="text-align: right" |19,116,209
| style="text-align: right" | 756,102
| style="text-align: right" |344.94
| style="text-align: right" |17,253.13
| style="text-align: right" |517.53
| style="text-align: right" |29,928.25
|-
| {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Colombia]]
| style="text-align: right" |52,882,884
| style="text-align: right" | 1,141,748
| style="text-align: right" |386.61
| style="text-align: right" |7,352.67
| style="text-align: right" |1042.26
| style="text-align: right" |19,770.18
|-
| {{flagicon|Costa Rica}} [[Costa Rica]]
| style="text-align: right" |5,094,114
| style="text-align: right" | 51,180
| style="text-align: right" |85.18
| style="text-align: right" |16,213.84
| style="text-align: right" |141.09
| style="text-align: right" |26,866.67
|-
| {{flagicon|Cuba}} [[Cuba]]
| style="text-align: right" |11,326,616
| style="text-align: right" | 110,860
| style="text-align: right" | 147.79<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cuba/|title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-07-11}}</ref>
| style="text-align: right" |13,270.00
| style="text-align: right" |254.80
| style="text-align: right" |22,300.00
|-
| {{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} [[Dominican Republic]]
| style="text-align: right" |11,847,904
| style="text-align: right" |48,670
| style="text-align: right" |128.92
| style="text-align: right" |11,825.35
| style="text-align: right" |294.96
| style="text-align: right" |27,230.14
|-
| {{flagicon|Ecuador}} [[Ecuador]]
| style="text-align: right" |17,643,060
| style="text-align: right" | 283,561
| style="text-align: right" |122.59
| style="text-align: right" |6,630.18
| style="text-align: right" |268.19
| style="text-align: right" |14,485.60
|-
| {{flagicon|El Salvador}} [[El Salvador]]
| style="text-align: right" |6,486,201
| style="text-align: right" | 21,041
| style="text-align: right" |35.28
| style="text-align: right" |5,550.27
| style="text-align: right" |75.95
| style="text-align: right" |11,700.78
|-
| {{flagicon|Guatemala}} [[Guatemala]]
| style="text-align: right" |16,858,333
| style="text-align: right" | 108,889
| style="text-align: right" |112.40
| style="text-align: right" | 5,739.46
| style="text-align: right" |214.57
| style="text-align: right" |10,948.04
|-
| {{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Honduras]]
| style="text-align: right" |9,904,608
| style="text-align: right" | 112,492
| style="text-align: right" | 34.16
| style="text-align: right" |3,285.97
| style="text-align: right" |75.65
| style="text-align: right" |7,198.47
|-
| {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexico]]
| style="text-align: right" |128,932,753
| style="text-align: right" | 1,972,550
| style="text-align: right" |2,017.48
| style="text-align: right" |15,246.01
| style="text-align: right" |3,413.80
| style="text-align: right" |25,966.32
|-
| {{flagicon|Nicaragua}} [[Nicaragua]]
| style="text-align: right" |6,624,554
| style="text-align: right" | 130,373
| style="text-align: right" |17.28
| style="text-align: right" |2,599.90
| style="text-align: right" |51.96
| style="text-align: right" |7,648.20
|-
| {{flagicon|Panama}} [[Panama]]
| style="text-align: right" |4,314,768
| style="text-align: right" | 75,320
| style="text-align: right" |82.38
| style="text-align: right" |18,489.51
| style="text-align: right" |190.81
| style="text-align: right" |42,788.36
|-
| {{flagicon|Paraguay}} [[Paraguay]]
| style="text-align: right" |7,132,530
| style="text-align: right" | 406,752
| style="text-align: right" |45.84
| style="text-align: right" |7,345.63
| style="text-align: right" |124.93
| style="text-align: right" |20,054.20
|-
| {{flagicon|Peru}} [[Peru]]
| style="text-align: right" |32,971,846
| style="text-align: right" | 1,285,216
| style="text-align: right" |282.92
| style="text-align: right" |8,288.27
| style="text-align: right" |566.26
| style="text-align: right" |16,684.88
|-
| {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Puerto Rico}} [[Puerto Rico]]{{refn|group=sn|Puerto Rico is [[Political status of Puerto Rico|a territory]] of the {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States]].}}}}
| style="text-align: right" |3,075,871
| style="text-align: right" | 9,100
| style="text-align: right" |117.68
| style="text-align: right" |37,232.71
| style="text-align: right" |132.27
| style="text-align: right" |41,942.78
|-
| {{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Uruguay]]
| style="text-align: right" |3,473,727
| style="text-align: right" | 176,215
| style="text-align: right" |82.46
| style="text-align: right" |23,053.11
| style="text-align: right" |108.17
| style="text-align: right" |30,474.28
|-
| {{flagicon|Venezuela}} [[Venezuela]]
| style="text-align: right" |28,435,943
| style="text-align: right" | 916,447
| style="text-align: right" |92.53
| style="text-align: right" |3,541.70
| style="text-align: right" |212.74
| style="text-align: right" |7,978.27
|-
! style="text-align: left" | Total
! style="text-align: right" | '''412,323,809'''
! style="text-align: right" | '''11,485,417'''
! style="text-align: right" | '''4,787.30'''
! style="text-align: right" |'''11,610.53'''
! style="text-align: right" |'''9,056.09'''
! style="text-align: right" |'''21,963.53'''
|}
{{reflist|group=sn}}

===Largest cities===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|- align="left"
!City !!Country !!Population !!Metro
|-
|[[Mexico City]] ||{{flag|Mexico}} ||9,209,944 ||[[Greater Mexico City|21,804,515]]
|-
|[[Buenos Aires]] ||{{flag|Argentina}} ||3,054,300 ||[[Greater Buenos Aires|12,806,866]]
|-
|[[Bogotá]] ||{{flag|Colombia}} ||7,963,734 ||[[Metropolitan Area of Bogotá|12,545,272]]
|-
|[[Lima]] ||{{flag|Peru}} ||8,894,000 ||[[Lima metropolitan area|9,569,468]]
|-
|[[Santiago]] ||{{flag|Chile}} ||5,428,590 ||[[Santiago Metropolitan Region|7,112,000]]
|-
|[[Guadalajara]] ||{{flag|Mexico}} ||1,385,621 ||[[Guadalajara metropolitan area|5,286,642]]
|-
|[[Caracas]] ||{{flag|Venezuela}} ||3,273,863 ||[[Metropolitan Region of Caracas|5,239,364]]
|-
|[[Guatemala City]] ||{{flag|Guatemala}} ||2,149,188 ||[[Guatemala City metropolitan area|4,500,000]]
|-
|[[Monterrey]] ||{{flag|Mexico}} ||1,133,814 ||[[Monterrey metropolitan area|4,106,054]]
|-
|[[Medellín]] ||{{flag|Colombia}} ||2,636,101 ||[[The Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley|3,731,447]]
|-
|[[Quito]] ||{{flag|Ecuador}} ||2,011,388 ||[[Quito Canton|3,156,182]]
|-
|[[Guayaquil]] ||{{flag|Ecuador}} ||2,698,077 ||[[Guayaquil Canton|3,113,725]]
|-
|[[Havana]] ||{{flag|Cuba}} ||2,350,000 ||[[La Habana Province|3,073,000]]
|-
|[[Maracaibo]] ||{{flag|Venezuela}} ||2,201,727 ||2,928,043
|-
|[[Santo Domingo]] ||{{flag|Dominican Republic}} ||965,040<ref name="2010-DR-Census">{{Cite web|url=https://censo2010.one.gob.do/|title=Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2010 :: Welcome|website=censo2010.one.gob.do}}</ref> ||[[Greater Santo Domingo|2,908,607]]<ref name=ExpansionUrbana>{{cite book|title=Expansión Urbana de las ciudades capitales de RD: 1988-2010|url=http://www.one.gob.do/Multimedia/Download?ObjId=5645|publisher=Oficina Nacional de Estadística|date=1 May 2015|access-date=25 January 2016|location=Santo Domingo|language=es|isbn=978-9945-8984-3-9|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714132107/http://www.one.gob.do/Multimedia/Download?ObjId=5645|archive-date=14 July 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|[[Puebla (city)|Puebla]] ||{{flag|Mexico}} ||1,399,519 ||[[Metropolitan area of Puebla|2,728,790]]
|-
|[[Asunción]] ||{{flag|Paraguay}} ||525,294 ||[[Gran Asunción|2,698,401]]
|-
|[[Cali]] ||{{flag|Colombia}} ||2,068,386 ||2,530,796
|-
|[[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]] ||{{flag|Puerto Rico}}{{refn|group=sn|Note: Puerto Rico is [[Political status of Puerto Rico|a territory]] of the {{flag|United States}}.}} ||434,374 ||[[San Juan–Caguas–Guaynabo metropolitan area|2,509,007]]
|-
|[[San Salvador]] ||{{flag|El Salvador}} ||540,090 ||[[Metropolitan Area of San Salvador|2,223,092]]
|-
|[[San José, Costa Rica|San José]] ||{{flag|Costa Rica}} ||1,543,000 ||[[Greater Metropolitan Area (Costa Rica)|2,158,898]]
|-
|[[Toluca]] ||{{flag|Mexico}} ||820,000 ||[[Greater Toluca|1,936,422]]
|-
|[[Montevideo]] ||{{flag|Uruguay}} ||1,325,968 ||1,868,335
|-
|[[Managua]] ||{{flag|Nicaragua}} ||1,380,300 ||1,825,000
|-
|[[Barranquilla]] ||{{flag|Colombia}} ||1,148,506 ||[[Metropolitan area of Barranquilla|1,798,143]]
|-
|[[Santa Cruz de la Sierra|Santa Cruz]] ||{{flag|Bolivia}} ||1,594,926 ||1,774,998
|-
|[[Valencia, Carabobo|Valencia]] ||{{flag|Venezuela}} ||894,204 ||1,770,000
|-
|[[Tijuana]] ||{{flag|Mexico}} ||1,286,157 ||[[Tijuana metropolitan area|1,751,302]]
|-
|[[Tegucigalpa]] ||{{flag|Honduras}} ||1,230,000 ||1,600,000
|-
|[[La Paz]] ||{{flag|Bolivia}} ||872,480 ||1,590,000
|-
|[[Panama City]] ||{{flag|Panama}} ||990,641 ||1,500,000
|-
|[[Barquisimeto]] ||{{flag|Venezuela}} ||1,116,000 ||1,500,000
|-
|[[León, Guanajuato|León]] ||{{flag|Mexico}} ||1,278,087 ||[[Metropolitan area of León|1,488,000]]
|-
|[[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]] ||{{flag|Argentina}} ||1,309,536 ||1,452,000
|-
|[[Ciudad Juárez]] ||{{flag|Mexico}} ||1,301,452 ||1,343,000
|-
|[[San Pedro Sula]] ||{{flag|Honduras}} ||1,250,000 ||1,300,000
|-
|[[Maracay]] ||{{flag|Venezuela}} ||1,007,000 ||1,300,000
|-
|[[Rosario]] ||{{flag|Argentina}} ||908,163 ||[[Greater Rosario|1,203,000]]
|-
|[[Torreón]] ||{{flag|Mexico}} ||548,723 ||[[Comarca Lagunera|1,144,000]]
|-
|[[Bucaramanga]] ||{{flag|Colombia}} ||516,512 ||1,055,331
|}
{{reflist|group=sn}}

===Ethnology===
The population of the Hispanic America is made up of the descendants of three large racial groups and their [[Miscegenation|combinations]]:

• The [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas]], descendants of [[Inca Empire|Incas]], [[Aztec Empire|Aztecs]], [[Maya people|Mayan]], [[Taíno]], and others.

• Those of European ancestry, mainly [[Spaniards|Spanish]], and [[Italians|Italian]].

• Africans who were brought over to Hispanic America during the [[Slave Trade]].

Unlike in the United States, there were no anti-miscegenation policies in [[Latin America]]. Though still a racially stratified society there were no significant barriers to gene flow between the three populations. As a result, admixture profiles are a reflection of the colonial populations of Amerindians, Europeans and Africans. The pattern is also sex biased in that the Amerindian and African maternal lines are found in significantly higher proportions than Amerindian or African Y chromosomal lines. This is an indication that the primary mating pattern was that of European males with Amerindian or African females. According to the study, half the White populations of the Latin American countries studied have some degree of either Indigenous American or African admixture ([[MtDNA]] or [[Y chromosome]]). In countries such as [[Chile]] and [[Colombia]] almost the entire white population was shown to have some non-European admixture.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Martínez Marignac|first=Verónica L.|author2=Bianchi Néstor O.|author3=Bertoni Bernardo|author4=Parra Esteban J.|year=2004|title=Characterization of Admixture in an Urban Sample from Buenos Aires, Argentina, Using Uniparentally and Biparentally Inherited Genetic Markers|journal=Human Biology| volume=76|issue=4|pages=543–57|url=http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/human_biology/v076/76.4marignac.html| doi=10.1353/hub.2004.0058|pmid=15754971|s2cid=13708018|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gonçalves|first=V. F.|author2=Prosdocimi F.|author3=Santos L. S.|author4=Ortega J. M.|author5=Pena S. D. J.|date=9 May 2007|title=Sex-biased gene flow in African Americans but not in American Caucasians |journal=Genetics and Molecular Research|volume=6|issue=2|pages=256–61|issn=1676-5680|url=http://www.funpecrp.com.br/gmr/year2007/vol2-6/gmr0330_full_text.htm|access-date=13 July 2008|pmid=17573655}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Alves-Silva | first1 = Juliana| last2 = da Silva Santos | first2 = Magda| last3 = Guimarães | first3 = Pedro E. M.| last4 = Ferreira | first4 = Alessandro C. S.| last5 = Bandelt | first5 = Hans-Jürgen | last6 = Pena | first6 = Sérgio D. J.| last7 = Prado | first7 = Vania Ferreira| doi = 10.1086/303004 | title = The Ancestry of Brazilian mtDNA Lineages | journal = [[The American Journal of Human Genetics]]| volume = 67 | issue = 2 | pages = 444–461 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10873790| pmc = 1287189| display-authors=6| bibcode = 2000AmJHG..67..444A}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Salzano|first=Francisco M. |author2=Cátira Bortolini, Maria |title=The Evolution and Genetics of Latin American Populations|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|year=2002|series=Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology|volume=28|page=512|isbn=978-0-521-65275-9}}</ref>

[[Frank Moya Pons]], a [[Dominican Republic|Dominican]] historian documented that Spanish colonists intermarried with [[Taíno]] women, and, over time, these mestizo descendants intermarried with Africans, creating a tri-racial Creole culture. 1514 census records reveal that 40% of Spanish men in the colony of [[Captaincy General of Santo Domingo|Santo Domingo]] had Taíno wives.<ref>Ferbel, Dr. P. J. [http://www.kacike.org/FerbelEnglish.html "Not Everyone Who Speaks Spanish is from Spain: Taíno Survival in the 21st Century Dominican Republic".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529100634/http://www.kacike.org/FerbelEnglish.html |date=29 May 2010 }} ''Kacikie: Journal of Caribbean Amerindian History and Anthropology.'' . Retrieved 24 September 2009.</ref>

The most common combinations are:

• [[Mestizos]], those of mixed ancestry.
[[File:Flag map of Hispanoamérica.svg|thumb|343x343px|Flag Map of Hispanic America]]<!--
PLEASE DO NOT MODIFY THIS TABLE EXCEPT IN ACCORDANCE WITH DISCUSSION. ALL OTHER MODIFICATIONS WILL BE REVERTED.

-->
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"
|+ '''Ethnic distribution, in 2005'''<ref name=Lizcano>{{cite journal|last=Lizcano Fernández |first=Francisco |date=May–August 2005 |title=Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI |journal=Convergencia |volume=38 |pages=185–232; table on p. 218 |publisher=[[Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México]], Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades |location=Mexico |issn=1405-1435 |url=http://convergencia.uaemex.mx/rev38/38pdf/LIZCANO.pdf |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920172933/http://convergencia.uaemex.mx/rev38/38pdf/LIZCANO.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-20 }}</ref> - '''Population estimates, as of 2020'''<ref name=":0" />
|- style="background:#e8e8e8;"
! Country
! Population{{UN_Population|ref}}
! [[Mestizo]]s
! [[White Latin Americans|Whites]]
! [[Latin Americans|Others]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Argentina}}
|45,376,763|| 32.0% || '''63.0%'''|| 5.0% 
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Bolivia}}
|11,673,029|| ''' 50.0%''' || 1.0% || style="background:#E8E8E8" |49.0% 
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Chile}}
|19,116,209|| 35.0% || '''60.0%'''|| 5.0% 
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Colombia}}
|50,882,884|| '''52.0%'''|| 32.0%|| 16.0%
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Costa Rica}}
|5,094,114|| 45.0% || '''50.0%'''|| 5.0% 
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Cuba}}
|11,326,616|| 34.0% || '''50.0%'''||  |16.0%
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Dominican Republic}}
|10,847,904|| '''65.0%'''|| 24.0% || 11.0%
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Ecuador}}
|17,643,060|| '''77.0%'''|| 8.0% || 15.0%
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|El Salvador}}
| 6,486,201 
| | '''86.0%'''|| 13.0% || 1.0% 
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Guatemala}}
| 16,858,333 || '''60.0%'''|| 1.0% || 39.0% 
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Honduras}}
| 9,904,608 || '''90.0%'''|| 2.0% || 8.0% 
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Mexico}}
| 128,932,753 || '''51.0%'''|| 40.0%|| 9.0% 
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Nicaragua}}
| 6,624,554 || '''70.0%'''|| 16.0% || 14.0% 
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Panama}}
| 4,314,768 || '''69.0%'''|| 17.0% || 14.0%
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Paraguay}}
| 7,132,530 || style="background:#E8E8E8" |'''94.0%'''|| 5.0% || 1.0% 
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Peru}}
| 32,971,846 ||''' 50.0% '''|| 3.0% || 47.0%
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Uruguay}}
| 3,473,727 || 23.0% || style="background:#E8E8E8" | '''70.0%'''|| 7.0%
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Venezuela}}
| 28,435,943 || '''53.0%'''|| 32.0% || 15.0% 
|- class="sortbottom"  style="text-align:right; background:#f2f2f2;"
| style="text-align:left;"| '''Total'''
| '''420,289,876'''|| '''50.0%'''|| '''33.0%'''|| '''17.0%'''
|}
{{reflist|group=sn}}

===Languages===
[[Image:Map-Most Widely Spoken Native Languages in Latin America.png|thumb|200px|'''{{color|blue|Quechua}}''', '''{{color|#f9dc38|Guarani}}''', '''{{color|#ff9922|Aymara}}''', '''{{color|#cc0000|Nahuatl}}''', '''{{color|#006600|Mayan languages}}''', '''Mapudungun'''.]]

Spanish is the official language in most Hispanic American countries, and it is spoken by the vast majority of the population. [[Indigenous languages of the Americas|Indigenous American languages]] are widely spoken in [[Chile]], [[Peru]], [[Guatemala]], [[Bolivia]], [[Paraguay]] and [[Mexico]], and, to a lesser degree, in [[Panama]], [[Ecuador]], [[Colombia]], and [[Venezuela]]. In some Hispanic American countries, the population of speakers of indigenous languages tends to be very small or even non-existent (e.g. [[Uruguay]]). Mexico contains the largest variety of indigenous languages; there, the most spoken native language is Nahuatl.

In [[Peru]], [[Quechua languages|Quechua]] is an official language, alongside Spanish and any other indigenous language in the areas where they predominate. In [[Ecuador]], while holding no official status, the closely related [[Quichua]] is a recognized language of the indigenous people under the country's constitution; however, it is only spoken by a few groups in the country's highlands. In [[Bolivia]], [[Aymara language|Aymara]], Quechua and Guaraní hold official status alongside Spanish. [[Guaraní language|Guaraní]], along with Spanish, is an official language of [[Paraguay]], and is spoken by a majority of the population (who are, for the most part, bilingual), and it is co-official with Spanish in the Argentine province of [[Corrientes]]. In [[Nicaragua]], Spanish is the official language, but on the country's Caribbean coast English and indigenous languages such as [[Miskito language|Miskito]], [[Sumo languages|Sumo]], and [[Rama language|Rama]] also hold official status. [[Colombia]] recognizes all indigenous languages spoken within its territory as official, though fewer than 1% of its population are native speakers of these languages. [[Nahuatl]] is one of the 62 native languages spoken by indigenous people in Mexico, which are officially recognized by the government as "national languages" along with Spanish.

Other European languages spoken in Hispanic America include: English, by some groups in [[Puerto Rico]] and descendants of British settlers in Argentina and Chile; German, in southern [[Chile]] and portions of Argentina, Venezuela, and [[Paraguay]]; Italian, in Argentina, Venezuela, and Uruguay; Ukrainian, Polish, and Russian in Argentina; and [[Welsh language|Welsh]], in southern Argentina.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://h2g2.com/edited_entry/A1163503 |title=Reference for Welsh language in southern Argentina, Welsh immigration to Patagonia |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=2008-07-22 |access-date=2013-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1stclassargentina.com/tours/WelshImmigration.html|title=The Welsh Immigration to Argentina|work=1stclassargentina.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Jeremy Howat |url=http://www.argbrit.org/Patagonia/patagonia_entry.htm |title=Reference for Welsh language in southern Argentina, Welsh immigration to Patagonia |publisher=Argbrit.org |access-date=2013-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.patagonline.com/gaiman-trelew |title=Reference for Welsh language in southern Argentina, Welsh immigration to Patagonia |publisher=Patagonline.com |access-date=2013-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.andesceltig.com/ |title=Reference for Welsh language in southern Argentina, Welsh immigration to Patagonia |publisher=Andesceltig.com |date=2009-09-29 |access-date=2013-04-23 |archive-date=2017-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917174822/http://andesceltig.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.glaniad.com/ |title=Reference for Welsh language in southern Argentina, Welsh immigration to Patagonia |publisher=Glaniad.com |access-date=2013-04-23 |archive-date=2016-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808130811/http://www.glaniad.com/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref>
[[Yiddish language|Yiddish]] and [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] can be heard around Buenos Aires. Non-European or Asian languages include [[Japanese language|Japanese]] in Peru, Bolivia, and Paraguay; [[Korean language|Korean]] in Argentina and Paraguay; [[Arabic language|Arabic]] in Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, and Chile; and [[Chinese language|Chinese]] throughout South America.

In several nations, especially in the Caribbean region, [[creole languages]] are spoken. Creole languages of mainland Latin America, similarly, are derived from European languages and various African tongues.

The [[Garifuna language]] is spoken along the Caribbean coast in [[Honduras]], [[Guatemala]], [[Nicaragua]] and [[Belize]] mostly by the [[Garifuna people]] a mixed race [[Zambo]] people who were the result of mixing between Indigenous Caribbeans and escaped Black slaves. Primarily an [[Arawakan languages|Arawakan language]], it has influences from Caribbean and European languages.

===Religion===
The Spanish and the Portuguese took the [[Latin Catholic]] faith to their colonies in the Americas, Asia, and Africa; Roman Catholicism remains the predominant religion amongst most Hispanic Americans.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-christians/|title=Christians|date=December 18, 2012}}</ref> Membership in [[Protestantism|Protestant]] denominations is increasing, particularly in [[Guatemala]], [[El Salvador]], [[Honduras]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Puerto Rico]] and other countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2014/11/13/religion-in-latin-america/|title=Religion in Latin America|first=Benjamin|last=Wormald|date=November 13, 2014}}</ref> In particular, [[Pentecostalism]] has experienced massive growth.<ref>{{Cite book|title=An introduction to Pentecostalism : global charismatic Christianity|last=Allan.|first=Anderson|date=2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0521825733|location=Cambridge, U.K.|oclc=53919445}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=La mutación religiosa de América Latina : para una sociología del cambio social en la modernidad periférica|last=Pierre.|first=Bastian, Jean|date=1997|publisher=Fondo de Cultura Económica|isbn=9681650212|edition= 1st|location=México|oclc=38448929}}</ref> This movement is increasingly attracting Latin America's [[middle class]]es.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Koehrsen|first=Jens|date=2017-09-01|title=When Sects Become Middle Class: Impression Management among Middle-Class Pentecostals in Argentina|journal=Sociology of Religion|language=en|volume=78|issue=3|pages=318–339|doi=10.1093/socrel/srx030|issn=1069-4404|doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Anglicanism]] also has a long and growing presence in Latin America.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! width="170 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"| Countries
! Population Total
! width="170 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black" | Christians %
! Christian Population
! width="170 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black" | Unaffiliated %
! Unaffiliated Population
! width="170 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"| Other religions %
! Other religions Population
!Source
|-
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|43,830,000||85.4%
|37,420,000
||12.1%
|5,320,000
||2.5%
|1,090,000
|<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2020/percent/all/|title=Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050|website=www.pewforum.org|date=2 April 2015|access-date=2020-10-18|archive-date=2019-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221014350/https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2020/percent/all/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Bolivia}}
|11,830,000||94.0%
|11,120,000
||4.1%
|480,000
||1.9%
|230,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Chile}}
|18,540,000||88.3%
|16,380,000
||9.7%
|1,800,000
||2.0%
|360,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Colombia}}
|52,160,000||92.3%
|48,150,000
||6.7%
|3,510,000
||1.0%
|500,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Costa Rica}}
|5,270,000
|90.8%
|4,780,000
|8.0%
|420,000
|1.2%
|70,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Cuba}}
|11,230,000
|58.9%
|6,610,000
|23.2%
|2,600,000
|17.9%
|2,020,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Dominican Republic}}
|11,280,000
|88.0%
|9,930,000
|10.9%
|1,230,000
|1.1%
|120,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Ecuador}}
|16,480,000||94.0%
|15,490,000
||5.6%
|920,000
||0.4%
|70,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|El Salvador}}
|6,670,000
|88.0%
|5,870,000
|11.2%
|740,000
|0.8%
|60,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Guatemala}}
|18,210,000
|95.3%
|17,360,000
|3.9%
|720,000
|0.8%
|130,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Honduras}}
|9,090,000
|87.5%
|7,950,000
|10.5%
|950,000
|2.0%
|190,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|126,010,000
|94.1%
|118,570,000
|5.7%
|7,240,000
|0.2%
|200,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Nicaragua}}
|6,690,000
|85.3%
|5,710,000
|13.0%
|870,000
|1.7%
|110,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Panama}}
|4,020,000
|92.7%
|3,720,000
|5.0%
|200,000
|2.3%
|100,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Paraguay}}
|7,630,000||96.9%
|7,390,000
||1.1%
|90,000
||2.0%
|150,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Peru}}
|32,920,000||95.4%
|31,420,000
||3.1%
|1,010,000
||1.5%
|490,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{nowrap|{{flag|Puerto Rico}}{{refn|group=sn|Note: Puerto Rico is [[Political status of Puerto Rico|a territory]] of the {{flag|United States}}.}}}}
|3,790,000
|90.5%
|3,660,000
|7.3%
|80,000
|2.2%
|40,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Uruguay}}
|3,490,000||57.0%
|1,990,000
||41.5%
|1,450,000
||1.5%
|50,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{flag|Venezuela}}
|33,010,000||89.5%
|29,540,000
||9.7%
|3,220,000
||0.8%
|250,000
|<ref name="auto"/>
|}
{{reflist|group=sn}}

==Culture==
===Cuisine===
[[Hispanic cuisine]] as the term is applied in the [[Western Hemisphere]], is a misnomer. What is  usually considered Hispanic cuisine in the United States is mostly [[Mexican cuisine|Mexican]] and [[Central American]] cuisine. Mexican cuisine is composed of mainly indigenous—[[Aztec]] and [[Maya civilization|Mayan]]—and Spanish influences.{{Citation needed|date=May 2013}}

[[Mexican cuisine]] is considered [[intangible cultural heritage]] by UNESCO and can be found all over the United States.

In the United States, with its growing Hispanic population, food staples from [[Mexican cuisine]] and the cuisine from other Hispanic countries have become widely available. Over the years, the blending of these cuisines has produced unique American forms such as [[Tex-Mex cuisine]]. This cuisine, which originated in Texas, is based on maize products, heavily spiced ground beef, cheese and tomato sauces with chilies. This cuisine is widely available not just in the United States but across other countries, where American exports are found. In Florida, Cuban food is widely available. All of these Hispanic foods in the United States have evolved in character as they have been commercially americanized by large restaurant chains and food companies.

The cuisine of Spain has many regional varieties, with [[Mediterranean]] flavors based on  [[olive oil]], garlic, and [[tomato]]es and due to its long Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines, has been graced with a great variety and availability of [[seafood]].  In the inland communities of Spain, there is a long tradition of cured meat of different kinds, in addition to an abundance of dishes such as roasts and stews, based on beef, pork, lamb, and poultry. The European and Arab heritage of Spain is reflected in its food, along with cosmopolitan influences beginning in the many new ingredients brought in from the New World since the 16th century, e.g. tomatoes, potatoes, or chocolate, and the more modern tastes introduced from Europe since the 19th century, especially through French and Italian dishes. It is only in the last ten years {{When|date=January 2014}} that Hispanic American dishes have been introduced in Spain. In the United States and Canada, the number of Hispanic restaurants has become a growing trend, following the ''[[tapas]]''-style restaurants fashion that first appeared in North America in the 1990s.

Cuban, Dominican, and Puerto Rican cuisines, on the other hand, tend to use a lot of [[pork]] and can depend heavily on starchy [[root vegetable]]s, [[Plantain (cooking)|plantain]], and [[rice]]. The most prominent influences on their Spanish culinary traditions were introduced by African slaves, and to a lesser degree, French influence from Haiti and later Chinese immigrants. The use of spicy chile peppers of varying degrees of strength used as flavour enhancers in Mexican tradition is practically unknown in traditional Spanish–Caribbean dishes. The cuisine of Haiti, a country with a [[Francophone]] majority, is very similar to its regional neighbors in terms of influences and ingredients used.

The [[Argentine cuisine|Argentine]] diet is heavily influenced by the country's position as one of the world's largest [[beef]] and [[wine]] producers, and by the impact that [[European ethnic groups|European]] immigration had on its national culture. Grilled meats are a staple of most meals as are [[pasta]]s, potatoes, rice, [[paella]] and a variety of vegetables (Argentina is a huge exporter of agricultural products). Italian influence is also seen in the form of [[pizza]] and [[ice cream]], both of which are integral components of national cuisine.
 
Uruguayan cuisine is similar to that of Argentina, though seafood is much more dominant in this coastal nation. As another one of the world's largest producers, wine is as much a staple drink to Uruguayans as beer is to Germans.

In [[Colombia]], [[Ecuador]], [[Peru]] and [[Chile]], potato dishes are typical since the potato is originally from this region. Beef and [[chicken]] are common sources of meat. In the Highlands is the ''cuy'', a South American name for [[guinea pig]], a common meat. Given the coastal location, both countries have extensive fishing fleets, which provide a wealth of seafood options, including the signature South American dish, [[ceviche]]. While potato is an important ingredient in the Highlands, Rice is the main side dish on the coast.

This diversity in staples and cuisine is also evident in the differing regional cuisines within the national borders of the individual countries.

===Symbols===
====Flag====
[[File:Flag of the Hispanicity.svg|thumb|right|200px|[[Flag of the Hispanic People|Flag of Hispanic Heritage]]. Motto: ''Justicia, Paz, Unión y Fraternidad'' ("Justice, Peace, Union and Fraternity").<ref name=flag>{{cite web|editor=Raeside, Rob|title=Flag of the Race|date=1999-10-11|work=Flags of the World|url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/int-raza.html|access-date=2006-12-23}}</ref>]]

While relatively unknown, [[Flag of the Hispanic People|there is a flag representing]] the countries of Spanish America, its people, history and shared cultural legacy.

It was created in October 1933 by Ángel Camblor, [[Captain (land)|captain]] of the [[Military of Uruguay|Uruguayan army]]. It was adopted by all the states of Spanish America during the [[Pan-American Conference]] of the same year in [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay]].<ref name="flag" />

The white background stands for peace, while the [[Inti]] [[solar deity|sun god]] of [[Inca mythology]] symbolizes the light shining on the Americas, and the three crosses represent [[Christopher Columbus]]' [[caravel]]s, the ''[[Niña (ship)|Niña]]'', ''[[Pinta (ship)|Pinta]]'', and ''[[Santa María (ship)|Santa María]]'', used in his [[Voyages of Christopher Columbus|first voyage]] from Spain to the [[New World]] in 1492. The [[Lilac (color)#Deep lilac|deep lilac]] color of the crosses evokes the color of the [[lion]] on the [[coat of arms]] of the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[Crown of Castile]].<ref>Image of the [[:Image:Estandarte de la Corona de Castilla.png|standard of the Crown of Castile]]</ref>

==See also==
{{col-list|colwidth=22em|
* [[Hispanic]]
* [[Hispanic and Latino Americans]] {{small|([[Hispanic]], [[Latino (demonym)|Latino]])}}
* ''[[Hispanidad]]''
* [[Hispanism]] and [[Pan-Hispanism]]
* [[Hispanophone]]
* [[Portuguese America|Portuguese America / Lusitanic America]]
* [[Ibero-America]]
* [[Latin America]] {{small|([[Latin Americans]])}}
* [[Louisiana]] {{small|([[Isleños (Louisiana)|Isleños]])}}
* [[Florida]] {{small|([[Floridanos]])}}
* [[Spanish language]]
* [[Spanish language in the Americas]]
* [[Spanish language in the Philippines]]
* [[Philippines]]
* [[Spanish-language literature]]
}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Regions of the world}}

[[Category:Country classifications]]
[[Category:Hispanidad]]
[[Category:Latin America]]
[[Category:Ibero-America]]
[[Category:Regions of the Americas]]
[[Category:Spanish language in the Americas]]