View source for Hinterwald

{{Short description|Breed of cattle}}
{{Infobox cattle breed
| name          = Hinterwälder Rind (Hinterwald)
| image         = Wilhelma Hinterwälder.jpg 
| image_size    =
| image_alt     = 
| image_caption = 
| status        = 
| altname       =
| country       = [[Black Forest]] ([[Germany]])
| distribution  = 
| standard      = 
| use           = 
| weight        =
| maleweight    = 750 kg
| femaleweight  = 350-450 kg
| height        =
| maleheight    =130 cm 
| femaleheight  =115-122 cm<ref name="foh">{{cite web|url=https://www.prospecierara.ch/tiere/rassenportraets/rinderportraets/hinterwaelder-rind.html|title=Hinterwälder Rind|accessdate=4 January 2021}}</ref> 
| skincolour    =
| coat          = 
| horn          =often a conspicuous, outwardly curved horn pattern 
| subspecies    = 
| note          = 
}}
The '''Hinterwald''' ({{Langx|de|Hinterwälder Rind}}, {{IPA|de|ˈhɪntɐˌvɛldɐ ˈʁɪnt|pron}}) is an old local breed of [[cattle]] from the [[Black Forest]] ([[Germany]]). There are breed associations in Germany and one in Switzerland.

== Etymology ==
The Hinterwälder (literally "from the backwoods") adopted its name about 150 years ago, when they were distinguished from their somewhat larger sister breed, the [[Vorderwald|Vorderwälder]] (literally "from the frontwoods").<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hinterwälder Rind|url=https://www.prospecierara.ch/tiere/rassenportraets/rinderportraets/hinterwaelder-rind.html|access-date=2021-01-04|website=ProSpecieRara|language=de}}</ref>

The scientific name is ''Bos primigenius f. taurus''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hinterwald cattle|url=http://www.zootierliste.de/en/?klasse=6&ordnung=605&familie=60504&art=5050415|accessdate=30 March 2014|publisher=Zootierliste}}</ref>

== Characteristics ==
The cattle is small. Hinterwald cows are {{Convert|115|to|125|cm}} tall and weigh {{Convert|350|to|450|kg|abbr=}}, while Hinterwald bulls are {{Convert|130|to|135|cm|abbr=}} tall and weigh {{Convert|700|to|800|kg|abbr=}}, making them the smallest breed of cattle still extant in [[Central Europe]]. The head is mostly white, the remainder of the coat being pied light yellow to dark red-brown. Having been bred to cope with extreme conditions, such as cold winters, steep pastures and a frugal diet, they are well adapted to the [[Alpine climate]]. They are used for both [[beef]] and [[milk]] production and are noted for their thriftiness, longevity and lack of calving difficulties.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hinterwälder Rind|url=https://www.prospecierara.ch/tiere/rassenportraets/rinderportraets/hinterwaelder-rind.html|access-date=2021-01-04|website=ProSpecieRara|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=e.V|first=ASR Arbeitsgemeinschaft Süddeutscher Rinderzucht-und Besamungsorganisationen|title=Hinterwälder|url=https://www.asr-rind.de/rinderrassen/hinterwaelder.html|access-date=2021-01-04|website=www.asr-rind.de|date=18 December 2015 |language=de-DE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/cattle/hinterwald/index.htm |title=Oklahoma State University breed profile |access-date=2008-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071204192720/http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/cattle/hinterwald/index.htm |archive-date=2007-12-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

These qualities have led to a significant rise in the number of Hinterwald cows in the [[Swiss Alps]] since the introduction of a breeding programme initiated by ''[[ProSpecieRara]]'', a [[Nonprofit organization|non-profit organisation]] dedicated to the preservation of endangered domestic species. However, the breed is still endangered. The government of [[Baden-Württemberg]] pays husbandry bonuses to conserve it.

The breed was "Domestic Animal of the Year" (''Haustier des Jahres'') in Germany in 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Hinterwälder|url=https://herz-fuer-tiere.de/landtiere/rinder/rinderrassen-von-a-bis-z/rinderrassen-mit-h/hinterwaelder|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=4 January 2021|website=Ein Herz für Tiere}}</ref>

== Photo gallery ==
<gallery title="Hinterwald cattle" mode="nolines" widths="350">
File:Hinterwald Cattle Hinterzarten.jpg|Hinterwald heifer at [[Hinterzarten]]
File:Hinterwälderkuh - liegend.jpg|Hinterwald cow lying down
File:Cow suckling.jpg|Hinterwald cow suckling a calf
File:Hinterwälder Cow.jpg|Hinterwald cow and calf at [[Ballenberg]], Switzerland
</gallery>

== See also ==

* [[Vorderwald]] (Vorderwälder Rind)
* [[Black Forest]]
* [[Black Forest Horse]] (Schwarzwälder Kaltblut)

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.prospecierara.ch/tiere/rassenportraets/rinderportraets/hinterwaelder-rind.html "Hinterwälder Rind" cattle profile by ProSpecieRara] ([[Nonprofit organization|NPO]] from {{CHE|}})
*[https://www.asr-rind.de/rinderrassen/hinterwaelder.html "Hinterwälder" cattle profile by ASR] (breeding association from Southern {{DEU|#}})
* [http://www.macaulay.ac.uk/livestocksystems/nafplio/proceedings/luick/luick.htm Macaulay Institute study of Black Forest farming]
* [http://www.g-e-h.de/gef-rassen/ Gefährdete Nutztiere - Informationen der Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen e.V.]
* [http://www.iff-faes.ch/html/Hinterwaelder/Hinterwaelder.htm Information from a cattle farmer]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061019133542/http://www.fotonatur.de/haustiere/hinterwaelderrind-xx.php Photos of the Hinterwald cattle]

{{Cattle breeds of Germany}}

[[Category:Black Forest]]
[[Category:Cattle breeds originating in Germany]]
[[Category:Animal breeds on the GEH Red List]]