View source for Henry, Duke of Cornwall

{{Short description|Heir apparent of Henry VIII (1511)}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Henry
| title        = [[Duke of Cornwall]]
| image        = 10. Westminster Roll selected scenes 260814 005 A5.jpg
| caption      = The Westminster roll, celebrating Henry's birth
| house        = [[House of Tudor|Tudor]]
| father       = [[Henry VIII]]
| mother       = [[Catherine of Aragon]]
| birth_date   = 1 January 1511
| birth_place  = [[Richmond Palace]], [[Surrey]], England
| death_date   = 22 February 1511 (aged {{age in days|1511|1|1|1511|2|22}} days)
| death_place  = [[Richmond Palace]], [[Surrey]], England
| burial_date  = 27 February 1511
| burial_place = [[Westminster Abbey]], [[London]], England
| religion     = 
}}
{{House of Tudor|henry8}}
'''Henry, Duke of Cornwall''' (1 January 1511 – 22 February 1511) was the first living child of King [[Henry VIII of England]] and his first wife, [[Catherine of Aragon]], and though his birth was celebrated as that of the [[heir apparent]], he died within weeks.  His death and the failure of Henry VIII and Catherine to produce another surviving male heir led to succession and marriage crises that affected the relationship between the [[Church of England]] and [[Roman Catholicism]], giving rise to the [[English Reformation]].

==Birth and christening==

Henry was born on 1 January 1511 at [[Richmond Palace]], the first live-born child of King Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, born eighteen months after their wedding and coronation. Catherine had previously given birth to a stillborn daughter, on 31 January 1510.<ref name=Loades>{{cite book|last=Loades|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cegZnjPyvk4C&pg=PA25 |title=The Six Wives of Henry VIII|publisher=Amberly|year=2009|page=25|isbn=978-1-84868-335-8}}</ref><ref name=weir>{{cite book|author=Weir, Alison|title=Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy|publisher=The Bodley Head; London|year=1999|page=152}}</ref> He was christened on 5 January in a lavish ceremony where beacons were lit in his honour. The christening gifts included a fine gold salt holder and cup weighing a total {{Cvt|99|ozt|kg}}, given by [[Louis XII]] of [[Kingdom of France|France]], his godfather.<ref name=Starkey>{{cite book|last=Starkey|first=David|title=Six wives: The Queens of Henry VIII|publisher= Harper Collins Perennial|year=2004|pages=121–123|isbn=0-06-000550-5}}</ref> His godmother was [[Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy]].<ref name= Starkey /> Appearing as proxy for the French King was [[Richard Foxe]], Bishop of Winchester, while the proxy for the Duchess of Savoy was Lady [[Anne of York (daughter of Edward IV)|Anne Howard]], daughter of Edward IV and the King's maternal aunt.

==Celebrations and the Great Tournament==
Henry VIII and his queen planned extravagant celebrations rivalling that of their joint [[coronation]] for the birth of their son, who automatically became [[Duke of Cornwall]] and [[heir apparent]] to the English throne, and was expected to become [[Prince of Wales]], [[King of England]], and third king of the [[House of Tudor]]. The most lavish tournament of Henry's reign was held at [[Westminster Palace]] on the 12 and 13 February 1511. The [[The Westminster Tournament Challenge|illuminated manuscript challenge]] survives, signed by the main participants.<ref>Tara Alison Walker, 'The Westminster Tournament Challenge (Harley 83 H 1) and Thomas Wriothesley's Workshop', ''eBLJ'' (2011), Article 9, p. 3.</ref> The events of the second day were memorialised by a long illuminated vellum roll, known as [[The 1511 Westminster Tournament Roll|The Westminster Tournament Roll]].<ref>[[Sydney Anglo]], ''Spectacle Pageantry, and Early Tudor Policy'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969), p. 112.</ref> The roll is now to be found in the [[College of Arms]] collection, and its depictions include the trumpeter [[John Blanke]].<ref name= Starkey /><ref>Nadia van Pelt,
'John Blanke's wages: No business like show business', ''Medieval English Theatre 44'' (Boydell, 2023), pp. 3–35. {{doi|10.2307/j.ctv360nrnh}}</ref>

Jousting at [[Westminster]] took place on a tournament ground, or tiltyard, located just beyond the north door of [[Westminster Abbey]]. The 1511 event cost around £4,400 ({{inflation|UK|4400|1511|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}). The roll depicts the procession to the "lists", Henry VIII tilting with a grandstand or viewing gallery of spectatators, and the exit procession.  The chronicle writer [[Edward Hall]] described the pageants and [[masque]]s. Fabrics and costume featured the royal initials, "H" and "K".<ref>Isabel Escalera Fernández, [https://revistas.uam.es/librosdelacorte/article/view/15900/16232 'La influencia de Enrique VIII y Catalina de Aragón en el inventario de joyas de 1542-1546 de su hija María Tudor', ''Libros de la Corte'', 26 (Spring 2023), p. 34] {{doi|10.15366/ldc2023.15.26.002}}</ref>

The theme of the event, as was customary, was a fictional invitation or challenge. Queen Noble Renown of Coeur Noble had heard news of the birth of the English prince. She sent her four best knights to Westminster; Coeur Loyall (played by Henry VIII), Valiant Desire ([[Thomas Knyvett]]), Bone Voloyr (Good Will, [[William Courtenay (1477–1535)|William Courtenay]]), and Joyous Panser (Joyful Thought, [[Edward Neville (courtier)|Edward Neville]]).<ref>Henry Ellis, [https://archive.org/details/cu31924027958713/page/518/mode/2up ''Hall's Chronicle'' (London, 1809), p. 519]</ref> [[Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk|Charles Brandon]] led the challengers. The pageants on the first day included a castle in a forest drawn into the tiltyard by a lion and an antelope led by [[wildmen]]. The four knights of Queen Noble Renown emerged from the castle to salute Catherine of Aragon.<ref>Janette Dillon, ''The Language of Space in Court Performance'' (Cambridge, 2010), pp. 141–147: Sydney Anglo, ''Spectacle Pageantry, and Early Tudor Policy'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969), pp. 111–112.</ref>

==Death==
The Duke of Cornwall died on 22 February 1511, aged 52 days, at Richmond Palace, and was buried in [[Westminster Abbey]].<ref name=weir/><ref name= Starkey />

Henry VIII gave Elizabeth Poyntz, his nurse, a pension of £20 ({{inflation|UK|20|1511|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}) for life. Her identity is uncertain, and it has been suggested that she was a member of the [[Manor of Iron Acton|Poyntz family]] of [[Acton Court|Iron Acton]], possibly Elizabeth, daughter of [[William Huddesfield]], the first wife of [[Anthony Poyntz]], or a woman of an earlier generation.<ref>[[Maria Hayward]], ''Dress at the court of Henry VIII'' (Maney, 2007), p. 199: Amy Licence, ''The Six Wives & Many Mistresses of Henry VIII: The Women’s Stories'' (Amberley, 2014): John Maclean, [https://archive.org/details/historicalgeneal01macl/page/94/mode/2up ''Historical and genealogical memoir of the family of Poyntz'' (Exeter, 1886), p. 95]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Tudor]]|1 January|1511|23 February|1511}}
{{s-reg|en}}
|-
{{S-vac|last=[[Henry VIII]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Duke of Cornwall]]|years=1 January – 23 February 1511}}
{{S-vac|next=[[Edward VI]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{Dukes of Cornwall}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:English heirs apparent who never acceded]]
[[Category:English people of Welsh descent]]
[[Category:Dukes of Cornwall]]
[[Category:1511 births]]
[[Category:1511 deaths]]
[[Category:Burials at Westminster Abbey]]
[[Category:16th-century English nobility]]
[[Category:House of Tudor]]
[[Category:Children of Henry VIII]]
[[Category:English royalty who died as children]]
[[Category:Sons of kings]]
[[Category:English princes]]