View source for Help:Keyboard shortcuts

{{Short description|Keyboard shortcuts that work on all Wikimedia projects}}
<templatestyles src="Help:Keyboard shortcuts/styles.css" />
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{{Redirect-synonym|WP:KS|[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Kansas]]}}
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The [[MediaWiki]] software contains many [[keyboard shortcut]]s. You can use them to access certain features of Wikipedia more quickly.

== Using access keys ==
An [[access key]] allows a computer user to immediately jump to a specific part of a web page via the keyboard. On Wikipedia, access keys allow you to do a lot more—protect a page, show page history, publish your changes, show preview text, and so on. See the next section for the full list.

Most web browsers require holding down one or two [[Modifier key|modifier keys]] to use an access key. Different web browsers invoke access keys in different ways. Please use the list below to determine the appropriate key combination for your browser and system:

{| class="wikitable" style="line-height: 2.4;"
! scope="col" | Browser
! scope="col" | Operating system
! scope="col" | Instructions
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Google Chrome]] & [[Chromium (web browser)|Chromium]]<br>[[Opera (web browser)|Opera]] 15+<br>[[Microsoft Edge|MS Edge]]
| Windows
| rowspan="2" | hold {{keypress|Alt|access key}}<br/>hold {{keypress|Alt|Shift|access key}}<br/>hold {{keypress|Alt|Control|Shift|access key}}{{refn|For some keys (e.g., {{keypress|r}}), both {{keypress|Alt}} and {{keypress|Alt|Shift}} work; For other keys (e.g. {{keypress|f}}), only {{keypress|Alt|Shift}} works; For other keys (e.g. {{keypress|.}}), only {{keypress|Alt}} works.}}
|-
| Chrome OS
|-
| Linux
| hold {{keypress|Alt|Shift|access key}}<br /> hold {{keypress|Alt|access key}}
|-
| macOS
| hold {{keypress|Control|Option|access key}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Firefox]]
| Windows, Linux
| hold {{keypress|Alt|Shift|access key}}{{refn|The Alt key without Shift can be used if a Firefox preference in "about:config" is changed: set "ui.key.generalAccessKey" to 18 (see [http://kb.mozillazine.org/Ui.key.generalAccessKey MozillaZine Knowledge Base]).}}
|-
| macOS
| hold {{keypress|Control|Option|access key}}
|-
| [[Internet Explorer]]<br>[[Microsoft Edge Legacy|MS Edge Legacy]]
| Windows
| hold {{keypress|Alt|access key}}{{refn|In some versions you may then need to press {{keypress|Enter}}}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]]
| macOS
| hold {{keypress|Control|Option|access key}}
|-
| Windows
| hold {{keypress|Alt|access key}}
|}

{{collapse|
* [[Mozilla Firefox]] 1.5 on [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]: hold {{keypress|Alt}}, press access key
* [[Mozilla Firefox]] before version 14 on [[Mac OS X]]: hold {{keypress|Control}}, press access key
* [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] 3 or earlier on [[Mac OS X]]: hold {{keypress|Control}}, press access key
* [[Camino (browser)|Camino]] ([[Mac OS X]]): hold {{keypress|Control}}, press access key
* [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]] 12 and lower: press and release {{keypress|Shift|Esc}}, then press access key
|title = Older browsers
|bg = #f2f2f2
}}

=== List of access keys ===
{{col-begin|width=auto}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;"
|+ Site navigation
! scope="row" style="width: 2em;" | f
| Move cursor to search box
|-
! scope="row" | q
| [[Special:SpecialPages|Special pages]]
|-
! scope="row" | r
| [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent changes]]
|-
! scope="row" | u
| [[Special:Upload|Upload file]] (only available to logged-in users)
|-
! scope="row" | x
| [[Special:Random|Random article]]
|-
! scope="row" | z
| [[Main Page]]
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;"
|+ Personal tools
! scope="row" style="width: 2em;" | .
| [[Special:MyPage|My user page]]
|-
! scope="row" | l
| [[Special:Watchlist|My watchlist]] (only available to logged-in users)
|-
! scope="row" | n
| [[Special:MyTalk|My talk]]
|-
! scope="row" | o
| [[Special:UserLogin|Log in]] (only available when logged-out)
|-
! scope="row" | y
| [[Special:MyContributions|My contributions]]
|}
{{col-break|gap=2em}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;"
|+ Current page tools
! scope="row" style="width: 2em;" | e
| Edit this page, or view source if you are [[WP:BLOCK|blocked]] or the page is protected from editing
|-
! scope="row" | v
| Edit with [[w:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] (if available, namespace must be: [[WP:Article|(Main)]], [[WP:File|File]], [[WP:User|User]], [[WP:Category|Category]], or [[WP:Help|Help]])
|-
! scope="row" | g
| Open associated [[wikidata:|Wikidata]] item
|-
! scope="row" | h
| [[Help:Page history|View history]]
|-
! scope="row" | j
| [[Special:Whatlinkshere|What links here]]
|-
! scope="row" | k
| Related changes
|-
! scope="row" | m
| Move page (only available to logged-in users)
|-
! scope="row" | p
| Printable version
|-
! scope="row" | w
| Watch / unwatch page (only available to logged-in users)
|-
! scope="row" | t
| Switch to talk page
|-
! scope="row" | *
| Purge the page's cache (only available to logged-in users with the "Purge option" gadget)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;"
|+ Talk pages
! scope="row" style="width: 2em;" | +
| Start a new discussion
|-
! scope="row" | c
| Switch to content page
|}
{{col-break|gap=2em}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;"
|+ While editing a page
! scope="row" style="width: 2em;" | ,
| Move cursor to edit box
|-
! scope="row" | b
| Move cursor to edit summary
|-
! scope="row" | i
| Flag edit as minor (only available to logged-in users)
|-
! scope="row" | p
| Show preview
|-
! scope="row" | v
| Show changes
|-
! scope="row" | s
| Publish page
|-
! scope="row" | w
| Toggle "Watch this page"
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;"
|+ For Administrators
! scope="row" style="width: 2em;" | d
| Delete / undelete current page
|-
! scope="row" | =
| Protect / unprotect current page
|}
{{col-end}}

=== Sortable list ===

Currently, in the a–z range, only <code>a</code> is unassigned. <code>p</code>, <code>v</code>, <code>w</code> are assigned to multiple functions, depending on the context.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%;"
! Key
! Function
! Context
|-
! scope="row" style="width: 2em;" | f
| Move cursor to search box
| Site navigation
|-
! scope="row" | q
| [[Special:SpecialPages|Special pages]]
| Site navigation
|-
! scope="row" | r
| [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent changes]]
| Site navigation
|-
! scope="row" | u
| [[Special:Upload|Upload file]] (only available to logged-in users)
| Site navigation
|-
! scope="row" | x
| [[Special:Random|Random article]]
| Site navigation
|-
! scope="row" | z
| [[Main Page]]
| Site navigation
|-
! scope="row" style="width: 2em;" | .
| [[Special:MyPage|My user page]]
| Personal tools
|-
! scope="row" | l
| [[Special:Watchlist|My watchlist]] (only available to logged-in users)
| Personal tools
|-
! scope="row" | n
| [[Special:MyTalk|My talk]]
| Personal tools
|-
! scope="row" | o
| [[Special:UserLogin|Log in]] (only available when logged-out)
| Personal tools
|-
! scope="row" | y
| [[Special:MyContributions|My contributions]]
| Personal tools
|-
! scope="row" style="width: 2em;" | e
| Edit this page / view source (if you are [[WP:BLOCK|blocked]] or the page is protected from editing)
| Current page tools
|-
! scope="row" | v
| Edit with [[w:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] (if available, namespace must be: [[WP:Article|(Main)]], [[WP:File|File]], [[WP:User|User]], [[WP:Category|Category]] or [[WP:Help|Help]])
| Current page tools
|-
! scope="row" | g
| Open associated [[wikidata:|Wikidata]] item
| Current page tools
|-
! scope="row" | h
| [[Help:View history|View history]]
| Current page tools
|-
! scope="row" | j
| [[Special:Whatlinkshere|What links here]]
| Current page tools
|-
! scope="row" | k
| Related changes
| Current page tools
|-
! scope="row" | m
| Move page (only available to logged-in users)
| Current page tools
|-
! scope="row" | p
| Printable version
| Current page tools
|-
! scope="row" | w
| Watch / unwatch page (only available to logged-in users)
| Current page tools
|-
! scope="row" | t
| Switch to talk page
| Current page tools
|-
! scope="row" | *
| Purge the page's cache (only available to logged-in users with the "Purge option" gadget)
| Current page tools
|-
! scope="row" style="width: 2em;" | +
| Start a new discussion
| Talk pages
|-
! scope="row" | c
| Switch to content page
| Talk pages
|-
! scope="row" style="width: 2em;" | ,
| Move cursor to edit box
| Editing page
|-
! scope="row" | b
| Move cursor to edit summary
| Editing page
|-
! scope="row" | i
| Flag edit as minor (only available to logged-in users, not IP users)
| Editing page
|-
! scope="row" | p
| Show preview
| Editing page
|-
! scope="row" | v
| Show changes
| Editing page
|-
! scope="row" | s
| Publish page
| Editing page
|-
! scope="row" | w
| Toggle "Watch this page"
| Editing page
|-
! scope="row" style="width: 2em;" | d
| Delete / undelete current page
| Admin only
|-
! scope="row" | =
| Protect / unprotect current page
| Admin only
|}

== Display access keys ==
{{also|User:Zhaofeng Li/accesskey}}
By modifying [[Special:Mypage/common.css|your user CSS file]], access key shortcuts can be displayed before internal links on any Wikipedia page.

{{hidden|CSS with shortcuts shown on hover|headerstyle=background:#ccccff|content=
[[File:Access_keys_shortcut_display_on_hover.webm|thumb|right|x90px|Play the video to see how this CSS snippet works. The skin used here is Vector, but this will work for any skin.]]
<syntaxhighlight lang="css">a:hover[accesskey]:before {
    content: " " attr(accesskey) " ";
    text-transform: uppercase;
    white-space: pre;
    font-family: sans-serif;
    margin-right: 0.5ex;
    color: var(--color-base, black);
}
</syntaxhighlight>
}}
{{hidden|CSS with shortcuts shown always|headerstyle=background:#ccccff|content=
[[File:Access_keys_shortcut_display_with_no_box.png|thumb|right|900px|Adding this code displays the access keys on every Wikipedia page, as shown in this picture.]]
<syntaxhighlight lang="css">a[accesskey]:before {
    content: " " attr(accesskey) " ";
    text-transform: uppercase;
    white-space: pre;
    font-family: sans-serif;
    margin-right: 0.5ex;
    color: var(--color-base, black);
}
</syntaxhighlight>
}}
{{hidden|CSS with shortcuts shown always with a box|headerstyle=background:#ccccff|content=
[[File:Access_keys_shortcut_display_with_box.png|thumb|right|900px|This is identical to the above code except the access keys are displayed with boxes around them.]]
<syntaxhighlight lang="css">
a[accesskey]:before {
    content: " " attr(accesskey) " ";
    text-transform: uppercase;
    white-space: pre;
    border: thin solid;
    font-family: sans-serif;
    text-decoration: underline overline;
    margin-right: 0.5ex;
    color: var(--color-base, black);
}
</syntaxhighlight>
}}
{{strong|This will not display the accesskeys provided by the VisualEditor (or the [[mw:2017 wikitext editor]]), such as '<kbd>s</kbd>' to publish the page, as those accesskeys are implemented differently.}}

== Accessibility of access keys ==
{{update section}}<!--see https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Topic:Uuzp0ij8mnzoq1t2&topic_showPostId=x475fxqhgee13yqa&fromnotif=1#flow-post-x475fxqhgee13yqa-->
{{Wikipedia:WikiProject Accessibility/Navigation menu|impaired}}
Keyboard shortcuts, in the way they are implemented on Wikipedia, are useful for some users with disabilities and do not require JavaScript to work. At the same time, they are bothersome for some screen reader users because it interferes with the shortcuts of their screen reader. The best solution would be to have customizable keyboard shortcuts.

The accessibility of keyboard shortcuts (access keys) is a complicated matter. This feature, in its current implementation, was temporarily abandoned in [[WCAG]] 2.0, notably because it conflicts with the shortcuts of assistive technologies. Usage of access keys is currently discouraged in the online contents and applications.{{update-inline}}

But presence of access keys is also an [[Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines]] (ATAG) requirement—the ATAG approach is particularly relevant in Wikipedia's case—where this matter is looked into thoroughly. In particular, ATAG requires the possibility to customize shortcuts. This should be requested in [[phab:T2477]].

Currently, their presence in Wikipedia's interface can be problematic for some users and can be useful for others. But more importantly, it misleads developers into thinking that the interface is keyboard accessible. Requirements that need to be fulfilled for a website to be keyboard accessible are not related to keyboard shortcuts ([http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/NOTE-WCAG20-TECHS-20081211/G90 G90], [http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG-TECHS/F42.html F42], [http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG-TECHS/SCR35.html SCR35], [http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/NOTE-WCAG20-TECHS-20081211/F58 F58], [http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/NOTE-WCAG20-TECHS-20081211/F61 F61]).

==Known issues: Gadgets which block keyboard shortcuts==
* Gadget [[User:Cacycle/wikEd|wikEd]] blocks keyboard shortcuts on Google Chrome and Firefox.

== User scripts that modify keyboard shortcuts ==
Some [[WP:User scripts|user scripts]] allow you to add more keyboard shortcuts for various actions or customize existing ones:
*{{userscript|doc=User:Enterprisey/up-one-lvl-kbd}} – The "U" keyboard shortcut now navigates up one subpage level.
*{{userscript|doc=User:Enterprisey/hover-edit-section}} – The "D" keyboard shortcut now edits the section you're hovering over.
*{{userscript|doc=User:Enterprisey/page-info-kbd-shortcut}} – The "I" keyboard shortcut now opens the "Page information" link in your sidebar.
*{{userscript|doc=User:Enterprisey/superjump}} – Custom keyboard shortcuts to go to any page.
*{{userscript|doc=User:Guarapiranga/accessKeysCheatSheet}} - The "?" keyboard shortcut now overlays a list of all keyboard shortcuts available on the current page.
*{{userscript|doc=User:Tollens/safemodeShortcut}} - The "\" keyboard shortcut now activates [[mw:Manual:Safemode|safemode]] on the current page.

== Disabling access keys ==
A [[MediaWiki:Gadget-removeAccessKeys.js|gadget]] exists that may be enabled to remove access key functionality.  This may be opted in to using [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|Special:Preferences]]

==See also==
* [[Wikipedia:Using JAWS]]
* [[m:Help:Keyboard shortcuts]]
** [[mw:Manual:Interface/Access keys]]
* [[mw:VisualEditor/Portal/Keyboard shortcuts]]
* [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Keyboard_shortcuts]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shortcut index]]
* [[Table of keyboard shortcuts]]
* [[AutoHotkey]], a Windows keyboard automation scripting language
* [[AutoKey]], a Linux keyboard scripting language
* [[User talk:GregU/hotkeys.js|Hotkeys]] – typing shortcuts in text fields

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/keyboard-shortcuts-perform-firefox-tasks-quickly Firefox Help: Keyboard shortcuts]
* [https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/keyboard-shortcuts-in-windows-dcc61a57-8ff0-cffe-9796-cb9706c75eec Keyboard shortcuts in Windows]

{{Wikipedia technical help|collapsed}}

[[Category:Wikipedia features]]
[[Category:Wikipedia accessibility]]
[[Category:WikiProject Accessibility]]