View source for Hebrew keyboard

{{Short description|Keyboard layout}}
{{Use American English|date = February 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date = February 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2010}}

[[Image:Hebkeyboard.JPG|thumb|300px|A standard [[Hebrew]] keyboard showing both Hebrew and [[Latin alphabet|Latin]] letters]]

A '''Hebrew keyboard''' ({{langx|he|מקלדת עברית|mikledet ivrit}}) comes in two different [[keyboard layout]]s. Most Hebrew keyboards are bilingual, with [[Latin script|Latin]] characters, usually in a US [[Qwerty]] layout.

==Layouts==

===Standard Hebrew keyboard===
[[Image:Triumph-gabriele25.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A typewriter in the Hebrew layout, the ''Triumph Gabriele 25''.]]Standard Hebrew keyboards have a 101/104-key layout.  Like the standard [[English language|English]] [[keyboard layout]], [[QWERTY]], the Hebrew layout was derived from the order of letters on Hebrew [[typewriter]]s. The layout is codified in SI-1452 by [[Standards Institute of Israel|SII]]. The latest revision, from 2013, mostly modified the location of the diacritics points and punctuation such as [[quotation marks]] and [[geresh]].

One noteworthy feature is that in the standard layout, paired delimiters—parentheses <code>()</code>, brackets <code>[]</code>, braces <code>{}</code>, and angle brackets (less/greater than) <code><></code>—have the opposite logical representation from the standard in left-to-right languages. This gets flipped again by the rendering engine's BiDi mirroring algorithm, resulting in the same visual representation as in Latin keyboards. Key mappings follow the logical rather than the physical representation. For instance, whether on a right-to-left or left-to-right keyboard, Shift-9 always produces a logical "open parenthesis". On a right-to-left keyboard, this is written as the Unicode character U+0029, "right parenthesis": <code>)</code>. This is true on [[Arabic keyboard]]s as well. On a left-to-right keyboard, this is written as the Unicode character U+0028, "left parenthesis": <code>(</code>.

In a 102/105-key layout of this form, there would be an additional key to the right of the left shift key.  This would be an additional [[backslash key]].  Keyboards with 102 keys are not sold as standard, except by certain manufacturers which have elected to sell European-style 102-key Hebrew keyboards, such as  [[Logitech]] and [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]).

On computers running Windows, Alt-Shift switches between keyboard layouts. Holding down a [[Shift key]] (or pressing [[Caps Lock]]) in Windows produces the [[uppercase]] [[Latin alphabet|Latin letter]] without the need to switch layouts.

[[Image:Hebrew keyboard layout.svg|640px|center|Hebrew keyboard]]

==== SI-1452-2 Improved Mapping ====
In 2018, SII published the SI-1452-2 "Improved Mapping" standard.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabinovich |first=Yuval |date= |title=Improved Hebrew Keyboard |url=http://mikladot.com/english.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101025928/http://mikladot.com/english.html |archive-date=2023-01-01 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=mikladot.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=דף תקן - מכון התקנים הישראלי |trans-title=Standard Page - Standard Institute of Israel |url=https://www.sii.org.il/he/%D7%93%D7%A4%D7%99-%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94/%D7%93%D7%A3-%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%9F/?id=8ecf3b57-b4a6-424e-8d43-11477b8b39ba_HE |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=[[Standards Institute of Israel]] |language=he}}</ref> This layout is also known as arkn (Hebrew: {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ארקן}}) after the four consecutive keys in the top left of the keyboard.

It is mostly identical to the SI-1452 layout, with the following changes:<ref>{{Cite web |title=ארקן – מקלדת עברית משופרת |trans-title=arkn – Improved Hebrew Keyboard |url=http://mikladot.com/index.html |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=mikladot.com |language=he}}</ref>

* The [[Hebrew punctuation|punctuation marks]] period ('''.'''), comma (''','''), apostrophe (') and forward slash ('''/''') have been moved to the same position as on a QWERTY keyboard.
** Note: semicolon (''';''') remains in place.
* {{lang|he|rtl=yes|'''ת'''}} takes {{lang|he|rtl=yes|'''ן'''}}'s place in order to move the latter away from {{lang|he|rtl=yes|'''ו'''}}, to which its proximity sometimes causes confusion.
* {{lang|he|rtl=yes|'''ץ'''}} and {{lang|he|rtl=yes|'''ן'''}} were moved to the top left part of the keyboard.
* All [[Niqqud]] marks moved to their [[#Current Layout|Lyx-style layout]], even on systems where this isn't supported with the SI-1452 layout (such as macOS).
* The [[rafe]] diacritic (◌ֿ) and two [[Hebrew cantillation|cantillation]] marks, [[meteg]] (◌ֽ) and [[Ole (cantillation)|ole]] (◌֫), were added.
* True Hebrew ''[[gershayim]]'' ({{lang|he|rtl=yes|'''״'''}}), [[Quotation mark|quotes]] ('''„”''') and [[maqaf]] ({{lang|he|rtl=yes|'''־'''}}) were added.
* [[Right-to-left mark|RLM]] and [[Left-to-right mark|LRM]] characters added on all systems.
* [[Multiplication sign|Multiplication]] ('''×''') and [[Division sign|division]] ('''÷''') signs were added.
The improved mapping is provided by [https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/XKeyboardConfig/ X Keyboard Config] since August 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-13 |title=symbols/il: add the variant from the Israeli SI-1452-2 standard (a1c73960) · Commits · xkbdesc / xkeyboard-config · GitLab |url=https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xkeyboard-config/xkeyboard-config/-/commit/a1c739601b673a1f43104f473e72831d7891cf7a |access-date=2023-11-26 |website=GitLab |language=en}}</ref> but as of November 2023 has no support on [[MacOS]]<!-- Should check on Windows -->. Users whose system doesn't provide the mapping are able to download it from [http://mikladot.com/ mikladot.com].

===Hebrew on standard Latin-based keyboards===
There are a variety of layouts that, for the most part, follow the phonology of the letters on a Latin-character keyboard such as the [[QWERTY]] or [[AZERTY]]. Where no phonology mapping is possible, or where multiple Hebrew letters map to a single Latin letter, a similarity in shape or other characteristic may be chosen.  For instance, if {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ס}} (''samech'') is assigned to {{keypress|S}}, {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ש}} (''shin/sin'') may be assigned to {{keypress|W}}, which it arguably resembles. The shift key is often used to access the five Hebrew letters that have final forms (''sofit'') used at the end of words.

These layouts are commonly known as "Hebrew-QWERTY"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cseminarian.blogspot.com/2007/09/hebrew-keyboard-map-for-mac-os-x.html|title=Confessions of a Conservative Seminarian: The Hebrew Keyboard Map for Mac OS X|access-date=April 11, 2023}}</ref><ref>[http://www.dougshivers.com/mikhtav/osx.html OSX] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009222952/http://www.dougshivers.com/mikhtav/osx.html|date=9 October 2007}}</ref> or "French AZERTY-Hebrew"<ref>{{Cite web |title=French AZERTY - Hebrew non transparent keyboard stickers |url=https://www.4keyboard.com/hebrew-keyboard-stickers/51-hebrew-french-azerty-hebrew-non-transparent-keyboard-stickers.html |website=WWW.4KEYBOARD.COM}}</ref>  layouts. While Hebrew layouts for Latin-based keyboards are not well standardized, [[macOS]] comes with a Hebrew-QWERTY variant, and software layouts for [[Microsoft Windows]] can be found on the Internet.<ref>[http://www.eduardqualls.com/free/keyboardmaps/hebrewqp.zip Archived copy] {{webarchive|date=22 December 2015|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222075712/http://www.eduardqualls.com/free/keyboardmaps/hebrewqp.zip}}</ref> Tools such as the Microsoft Keyboard Layout Creator can also be used to produce custom layouts.

While uncommon, manufacturers are beginning to produce Hebrew-QWERTY stickers and printed keyboards,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alephboard.com/ |title=Home |website=alephboard.com}}</ref>  useful for those who do not wish to memorize the positions of the Hebrew characters.

==Niqqud==
{{further|topic=input methods for niqqud|Niqqud#Keyboard}}

=== History ===
SI-1452 in its pre-2013 version made an error in the definition. Originally, it tried to assign [[niqqud]] to the upper row of the keyboard. Due to an ambiguity in the standard's language, however, anyone reasonably reading the standard would conclude that pressing shift+the upper row keys would produce both Niqqud and the standard signs available in the US keyboard.

Faced with this ambiguity, most manufacturers developed a de facto standard where pressing Shift+upper row key produces the same result as with the US mapping (except the reversal of the open and close brackets). Niqqud was delegated to a more complicated process. Typically, that would be pressing the caps-lock, and then using shift+the keys. This combination was obscure enough, in combination with the relative rare use of Niqqud in modern Hebrew, that most people did not even know of its existence. Even those who did know, would rarely memorize the quite arbitrary locations of the specific marks.

Most people who needed it would use virtual graphical keyboards available on the [[World Wide Web]], or by methods integrated into particular operating systems.

The 2013 revision of SI-1452 sought out to rectify both of those problems. For compatibility reasons, it was decided to not touch the first two shifting layers of the layout (i.e. - no shift keys at all and the shift key pressed). Niqqud and other marks were added mostly to layer 3, with AltGr pressed.

{|border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:transparent"
|-
|valign="top"|
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="6"| '''Niqqud input'''
|-
!colspan="1"| Input (Windows)
!colspan="1"| Key (Windows)
!colspan="1"| Input <br /> (Mac OS X)
!colspan="1"| Unicode
!colspan="1"| Type
!colspan="1"| Result
|-
|align="center"| ~
|| [[Image:TildeKey.svg|35px]]
|| 0
|| 05B0
|| [[Sh'va]]
|| [[Image:Tilde Schwa.svg|35px]] <sup>[1]</sup>
|-
|align="center"| 1
|| 
|| 3
|| 05B1
|| [[Reduced Segol]]
|| [[Image:Hataf Segol.svg|35px]] <sup>[1]</sup>
|-
|align="center"| 2
|| 
|| 1
|| 05B2
|| [[Reduced Patach]]
|| [[Image:Hataf Patah.svg|35px]] <sup>[1]</sup>
|-
|align="center"| 3
|| 
|| 2
|| 05B3
|| [[Reduced Kamatz]]
|| [[File:Hataf Qamaz.svg|35px]] <sup>[1]</sup>
|-
|align="center"| 4
|| 
|| 4
|| 05B4
|| [[Hiriq]]
|| [[Image:Hebrew Hiriq.svg|35px]] <sup>[1]</sup>
|-
|align="center"| 5
|| 
|| 5
|| 05B5
|| [[Zeire]]
|| [[Image:Hebrew Zeire.svg|35px]] <sup>[1]</sup>
|-
|align="center"| 6
|| 
|| 9
|| 05B6
|| [[Segol]]
|| [[Image:Hebrew Segol.svg|35px]] <sup>[1]</sup>
|-
|align="center"| 7
|| 
|| 6
|| 05B7
|| [[Patach]]
|| [[Image:Hebrew Patah.svg|35px]] <sup>[1]</sup>
|}
|valign="top"|
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="6"| '''Niqqud input'''
|-
!colspan="1"| Input (Windows)
!colspan="1"| Key (Windows)
!colspan="1"| Input <br /> (Mac OS X)
!colspan="1"| Unicode
!colspan="1"| Type
!colspan="1"| Result
|-
|align="center"| 8
|| 
|| 7
|| 05B8
|| [[Kamatz]]
|| [[File:Hebrew Qamaz.svg|35px]] <sup>[1]</sup>
|-
|align="center"| 9
|| 
|| A
|| 05C2
|| [[Sin dot]] (left)
|| [[Image:Hebrew Sin.svg|35px]] <sup>[2]</sup>
|-
|align="center"| 0
|| 
|| M
|| 05C1
|| [[Shin dot]] (right)
|| [[Image:0 Shin.svg|35px]] <sup>[2]</sup>
|-
|align="center"| –
|| 
|| =
|| 05B9
|| [[Holam]]
|| [[Image:Hebrew Holam.svg|23px]] <sup>[1]</sup>
|-
|rowspan="2" align="center"| = <sup>[3]</sup>
|rowspan="2"| 
||, 
|| 05BC
|| [[Dagesh]] or [[Mappiq]]
|| [[Image:Hebrew Equal Dagesh.svg|35px]] <sup>[1]</sup>
|-
|| U
|| 05BC
|| [[Shuruk]]
|| [[Image:Hebrew Equal Shuruk.svg|35px]] <sup>[4]</sup>
|-
|align="center"| \
|| 
|| 8
|| 05BB
|| [[Kubutz]]
|| [[Image:Hebrew Backslash Qubuz.svg|35px]] <sup>[1]</sup>
|}
|}

'''Notes:'''
* <sup>[1]</sup> The letter "'''<span style="font-family:Arial, 'DejaVu Sans', Tahoma, 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', sans-serif; font-size:larger">ס</span>'''" represents any Hebrew consonant.
* <sup>[2]</sup> For sin-dot and shin-dot, the letter "{{lang|he|rtl=yes|'''<big>[[ש]]</big>'''}}" (sin/shin) is used.
* <sup>[3]</sup> The dagesh, mappiq, and shuruk have different uses, but the same graphical representation, and hence are input in the same manner.
* <sup>[4]</sup> For shuruk, the letter "{{lang|he|rtl=yes|'''<big>[[ו]]</big>'''}}" (vav) is used since it can only be used with that letter.
* A rafe can be input by inserting the corresponding Unicode character, either explicitly or via a customized keyboard layout.

[[SIL International]] have developed another standard, which is based on Tiro, but adds the Niqqud along the home keys.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sbl-site.org/Fonts/BiblicalHebrewTiroManual.pdf|title=Biblical Hebrew Tiro Manual|accessdate=April 11, 2023}}</ref> Linux comes with "Israel - Biblical Hebrew (Tiro)" as a standard layout.  With this layout, niqqud can be typed without pressing the Caps Lock key.

===Current Layout===
{| class="wikitable"
!Niqqud
!{{keypress|AltGr}} + Hebrew-keyboard key
!Explanation<br/><small>(usually the first Hebrew letter of the niqqud's name)</small>
|-
|<big>{{Script|Hebr|אָ}}</big>
|{{keypress|AltGr|{{script|Hebr|ק}}}} for {{lang|he|rtl=yes|'''קָ'''מץ}} (''kamatz'')
|first Hebrew letter of the niqqud's name
|-
|<big>{{Script|Hebr|אַ}}</big>
|{{keypress|AltGr|{{Script|Hebr|פ}}}} for {{lang|he|rtl=yes|'''פַ'''תח}} (''patach'')
|
|-
|<big>{{Script|Hebr|בְ}}</big>
|{{keypress|AltGr|{{Script|Hebr|ש}}}} for {{lang|he|rtl=yes|'''שְׁ'''ווא}} (''sheva'')
|
|-
|<big>{{Script|Hebr|בּ וּ הּ}}</big>
|{{keypress|AltGr|{{Script|Hebr|ד}}}} for {{lang|he|rtl=yes|'''דּ'''גש}} (''dagesh'')
|
|-
|<big>{{Script|Hebr|אִ}}</big>
|{{keypress|AltGr|{{Script|Hebr|ח}}}} for {{lang|he|rtl=yes|'''חִ'''ירִיק}} (''hiriq'')
|
|-
|<big>{{Script|Hebr|אֶ}}</big>
|{{keypress|AltGr|{{Script|Hebr|ס}}}} for {{lang|he|rtl=yes|'''סֶ'''גול}} (''segol'')
|
|-
|<big>{{Script|Hebr|אֵ}}</big>
|{{keypress|AltGr|{{Script|Hebr|צ}}}} for {{lang|he|rtl=yes|'''צֵ'''ירֵי}} (''tsere'')
|
|-
|<big>{{Script|Hebr|אֹ}}</big>
|{{keypress|AltGr|{{Script|Hebr|ו}}}} for {{lang|he|rtl=yes|חׂ'''ו'''לם}} (''holam'')
|{{keypress|{{Script|Hebr|ו}}}} (like the 'o' vowel), since {{keypress|{{Script|Hebr|ח}}}} is already used for hiriq
|-
|<big>{{Script|Hebr|אֻ}}</big>
|{{keypress|AltGr|\}} for {{lang|he|rtl=yes|קֻבּוּץ}} (''kubuts'')
|because the line \ visually resembles ֻ  
|-
|<big>{{Script|Hebr|אֲ}}</big>
|{{keypress|AltGr|]}} for reduced patach {{lang|he|rtl=yes|'''פַ'''תח}}
|the key to the right of {{keypress|{{Script|Hebr|פ}}}}
|-
|<big>{{Script|Hebr|אֳ}}</big>
|{{keypress|AltGr|{{Script|Hebr|ר}}}} for reduced kamats {{lang|he|rtl=yes|'''קָ'''מץ}}
|the key to the right of {{keypress|{{Script|Hebr|ק}}}}
|-
|<big>{{Script|Hebr|אֱ}}</big>
|{{keypress|AltGr|{{Script|Hebr|ב}}}} for reduced segol {{lang|he|rtl=yes|'''סֶ'''גול}}
|the key to the right of {{keypress|{{Script|Hebr|ס}}}}
|-
|<big>{{Script|Hebr|שׁ}}</big>
|{{keypress|AltGr|W}} for the Shin dot
|the key above {{keypress|{{Script|Hebr|ש}}}}, right-side, since the dot is placed above {{Script|Hebr|ש}}, right-side
|-
|<big>{{Script|Hebr|שׂ}}</big>
|{{keypress|AltGr|Q}} for the Sin dot
|the key above {{keypress|{{Script|Hebr|ש}}}}, left-side, since the dot is placed above {{Script|Hebr|ש}}, left-side
|-
|<big>{{Script|Hebr|אֿ}}</big>
|{{keypress|AltGr|[}} for {{lang|he|rtl=yes|רפֿה}} (''rafe'')
|
|-
|<big>{{Script|Hebr|א־א}}</big>
|{{keypress|AltGr|-}} (minus) for {{lang|he|rtl=yes|'''־'''}} (''[[maqaf]]'')
|
|-
|<big>{{Script|Hebr|א״א}}</big>
|{{keypress|AltGr|"}} (quotes) for {{lang|he|rtl=yes|'''״'''}} ([[Gershayim#Punctuation mark|''gershayim'']])
|
|-
|<big>{{Script|Hebr|א׳}}</big>
|{{keypress|AltGr|;}} (semicolon) for {{lang|he|rtl=yes|'''׳'''}} ([[Geresh#Punctuation mark|''geresh'']])
|
|}

The new layout (SI-1452, 2013 revision) was influenced by the Linux Lyx layout, that uses the first letter of the Niqqud mark name as the position for the mark. Letters where collisions happened were decided based on frequency of use, and were located in places that should still be memorable. For example, the Holam mark conflicted with Hirik, so it was placed on the Vav letter, where Holam is usually placed in Hebrew. Likewise, the Qubutz mark, which looks like three diagonal points, conflicted with the much more useful Qamatz mark, so it was placed on the backslash key, that bears visual resemblance to it.

The new revision also introduced some symbols that were deemed useful. For example, it introduced that LRM and RLM invisible control characters (placed on the right and left brackets) to allow better formatting of complex BiDi text.

Windows supports SI-1452 since Windows 8, which was actually shipped prior to the standard's acceptance. This is due to Microsoft's membership of the SI committee. Their implementation was based on one of the final drafts, but that draft ended up almost identical to the final standard.

Linux switched to using SI-1452 once it was released, and in the process deprecated the Lyx layout, which no longer offered any added value.

==Directionality==
Since Hebrew is read and written [[Right-to-left script|right-to-left]], as opposed to [[Left to right|left-to-right]] as in English, the cursor keys and delete keys work backwards when Hebrew text is entered in left-to-right directionality mode.  Because of the differences between left-to-right and right-to-left, some difficulties arise in punctuation marks that are common between the two languages, such as [[Full stop|period]]s and [[comma]]s.  When using standard left-to-right input, pressing the "[[Full stop|period]]" key at the end of a sentence displays the mark on the wrong side of the sentence.  However, when the next sentence is started, the period moves to the correct location. This is due to the operating system defaulting to its standard text directionality when a typed character (such as a punctuation mark) does not have a specified directionality.

There are several ways to force right-to left directionality.  When typing, a Unicode [[right-to-left mark]] can be inserted where necessary (such as after a punctuation mark). In [[Notepad (Windows)|Notepad]], or any Windows [[Text box|standard text box]], it can be done with from the [[context menu]] ''Insert Unicode control character''. With Windows Hebrew keyboard, [[Right-to-left mark|RLM]] can be generated pressing {{keypress|Ctrl|]}}. In [[Microsoft Word]], the ''Format -> Paragraph menu'' can be used to change the paragraph's default direction to right-to-left. Similar setting is available in Gmail composer.

There are also ways to choose the way the text is displayed, without changing the text itself. In [[Internet Explorer]], right-to-left display can be forced by [[right-click]]ing a webpage and selecting ''Encoding -> Right-To-Left Document''.  In [[Notepad (Windows)|Notepad]], or any Windows [[Text box|standard text box]], directionality can be changed by [[right-click]]ing and selecting ''Right to left Reading order''. Same effect can be achieved by pressing {{keypress|Shift|Right Ctrl}}.  You can switch back to ''Left to right Reading order'' by unselecting the check box or pressing {{keypress|Shift|Left Ctrl}}.  Note that this only effects presentation of the text.  Next time you open the same text in Notepad, you will need to perform the same direction switch again.

==Access through the [[Control key|Ctrl]] key==

===Direction marks===
As described above, the Hebrew keyboard setting in Microsoft Windows has a {{keypress|Ctrl|]}} shortcut to insert the Unicode [[right-to-left mark]]. The same effect can be achieved with {{keypress|Ctrl|Shift|4}}. The shortcuts for [[left-to-right mark]] are {{keypress|Ctrl|[}} and {{keypress|Ctrl|Shift|3}}.

===Separators===
The shortcut for the '[[Unit Separator]]' [[C0 and C1 control codes|control code]] {{code|1F}} ([[caret notation]] {{code|^_}}) is {{keypress|Ctrl|-}}. The shortcut for '[[Record Separator]]' control code {{code|1E}} (caret notation {{code|^^}}) is {{keypress|Ctrl|6}}. Note that in [[Notepad (Windows)|Notepad]], or any Windows [[Text box|standard text box]], these characters can be easily inserted via the [[context menu]] ''Insert Unicode control character''. For Linux, Ubuntu, Debian and ChromeOS, the sequence is {{keypress|Ctrl|Shift|u}} followed by the control code value, then {{keypress|space}} or {{keypress|return}}.

{{keypress|Shift|Right Ctrl}}

==Access through the [[AltGr]] key==

=== [[Sheqel symbol]] ===
The symbol "₪", which represents the [[sheqel sign]], can be typed into Windows, Linux and ChromeOS with the Hebrew keyboard layout set, using {{keypress|AltGr|4}}. On [[Mac OS X]], it can be typed as {{keypress|Shift|7}}. If a US or EU layout is in use, the sequence is {{keypress|Alt}}+{{keypress|2|0|A|A|chain=}} for [[Alt code#Transition to Unicode|some Windows applications]] and {{keypress|Ctrl|Shift|u}}{{nbsp}}{{keypress|2|0|A|A|space|chain=}} on Unix heritage systems.

===[[Euro sign|Euro symbol]]===
For a [[Euro sign]], one would press the {{keypress|AltGr|E}} (ק).

===[[Rafe]]===
The [[rafe]] is a [[niqqud]] that is essentially no longer used in Hebrew.  However, it used in [[Yiddish orthography|Yiddish spelling]] (according to [[YIVO]] standards).  It is accessed differently from other ''nequddot''.  On macOS, the rafe is input by pressing the desired letter ('''ב''' or '''פ''' and then the backslash '''\''': '''בֿ''', '''פֿ'''. On Windows, the rafe is input by pressing the [[AltGr]] key and the "-" key:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!! colspan=4 | '''Niqqud Input'''
|-
!! colspan=1 | OS
!! colspan=1 | Input
!! colspan=1 | Key
!! colspan=1 | Type
!! colspan=1 | Result
|-
| align="center" | [[Windows]]
| align="center" | {{Keypress|[[AltGr]]}}+{{Keypress|-}}
| [[AltGr]] + [[Image:minusKey.PNG|35px]]
| Rafe
| align="center" | <span style="font-size:30px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif">סֿ</span>
|-
| align="center" | [[macOS]]
| align="center" | <span style="font-size:30px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif">{{Keypress|[[פ]]}}</span>
| align="center" | <span style="font-size:30px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif">{{Keypress|[[\]]}}</span>
| Rafe
| align="center" | <span style="font-size:30px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif">סֿ</span>
|-
|}

Note: The letter "'''O'''" represents whatever Hebrew letter is used.{{clarify|date=February 2021}}<!-- this letter does not appear above-->

===Yiddish digraphs===
{{See also|Yiddish orthography}}
[[File:Yiddish typewriter.JPG|thumb|right|Yiddish typewriters had a layout slightly different from Hebrew, to include the digraphs]]
These Yiddish digraphs are not used in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]; if one wanted two [[Waw/Vav (letter)|vavs]], a vav-yud, or two [[yodh|yuds]] in Hebrew, one would enter the desired keys independently.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!! colspan=4 | '''Yiddish digraphs Input'''
|-
!! colspan=1 | Input
!! colspan=1 | Digraph 
!! colspan=1 | Result
|-
| align="center" | [[AltGr]] and [[Waw (letter)|Vav]] (U)
| Double [[Waw (letter)|Vav]] 
| <span style="font-size:18pt">{{Script/Hebrew|װ}}</span>
|-
| align="center" | [[AltGr]] and [[Heth|Khet]] (J)
| [[Waw (letter)|Vav]] [[Yodh|Yud]]
| <span style="font-size:18pt">{{Script/Hebrew|ױ}}</span>
|-
| align="center" | [[AltGr]] and [[Yodh|Yud]] (H)
| Double [[Yodh|Yud]]
| <span style="font-size:18pt">{{Script/Hebrew|ײ}}</span>
|-
|}

==Inaccessible punctuation==
{{Further|Hebrew punctuation}}
Certain Hebrew punctuation, such as the [[geresh]], [[gershayim]], [[maqaf]], [[pesiq]], [[sof pasuq]], and [[Hebrew cantillation|cantillation]] marks, are not accessible through the standard Hebrew keyboard layout.  As a result, similar looking punctuation is often used instead.  For example, a [[quotation mark]] is often used for a gershayim, an [[apostrophe]] for a geresh, a [[hyphen]] for a maqaf, a [[comma]] for a [[pesiq]], and a [[Colon (punctuation)|colon]] for a sof pasuq, though this depends on the platform. On [[iOS]] devices, the geresh and gershayim are actually part of the system keyboard, albeit as substitutes for the apostrophe and quotation marks.

==See also==
*[[Hebrew punctuation]]
*[[Keyboard layout]]
*[[Hebrew alphabet]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Hebrew alphabet}}
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{{Hebrew language}}
{{Keyboard layouts}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hebrew Keyboard}}
[[Category:Hebrew language]]
[[Category:Culture of Israel]]
[[Category:Keyboard layouts]]